Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 73,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'catslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 73,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-richard-mahapatra-4683675/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-richard-mahapatra-4683675/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'catslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 74,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 74,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-richard-mahapatra-4683675/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-richard-mahapatra-4683675/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 35568,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded in popular conscience: &amp;ldquo;Top 1 per cent of earners captured 22 per cent of total income in the country.&amp;rdquo; Their study&amp;ndash;covering consumption, government accounts and income tax data from 1922 when income tax was introduced in India till 2014&amp;ndash;found that income inequality has increased. Top 1 per cent of earners accounted 21 per cent of all income in 1922. During 1980s, popularly known as the Hindu growth rate era, it dropped to 6 per cent. It increased sharply from 1990s onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the wage-earning middle class, this came as a worrying sign. A debate is brewing in the corporate world over rationalising salary across hierarchy. It has emerged as a verdict on capitalism&amp;rsquo;s most feared aspect of benefiting a few at the cost of others.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In this debate, now imagine another economy: the economy of the farmers or the economy of India&amp;rsquo;s largely poor. Inequality of income among the small and marginal farmers group, the semi- and medium and the large farmers group is stark. The lowest among the farmers groups in term of landholding earns the least. And India primarily consists of small and marginal farmers defined as having landholding below two hectares (Ha). India&amp;rsquo;s 85 per cent of landholdings are below 2 Ha.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Let&amp;rsquo;s look at the income equality among various landholding groups. According to the Committee on Doubling of Farmers&amp;rsquo; Income, the average annual earning of a small and marginal farmer household was Rs 79,779 in 2015-16. Now compare this with the earning of large farmers having a landholding above 10 Ha. Such farmers earned seven-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer, or to be specific Rs 605,393 each year. A medium and semi-medium farmer&amp;rsquo;s household earned Rs 201,083 or two-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer&amp;rsquo;s household. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It means 85 per cent of farmer households earn 9 per cent of total income while the rest earn 91 per cent. If you compare this with overall inequality in India, it is far high. &amp;ldquo;The initial promise of agrarian reforms was to distribute land to the landless and provide title of ownership to the cultivators. However, unfortunately, India&amp;rsquo;s agrarian reforms did not ensure egalitarianism in the agricultural community,&amp;rdquo; says the Dalwai Committee Report asking for agriculture policies to factor in this aspect while crafting ways to double farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022 as promised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It means the &amp;ldquo;recovery phase&amp;rdquo; in agriculture with nearly 4 per cent growth in 2004-14 must have bypassed this marginalised majority among the farmers. It is not just among various landholding groups, there is a distinct variation in income level across states depending on level of agricultural growth.&amp;nbsp; According to a research paper by Sanjoy Chakravorty, S Chandrasekhar and Karthikeya Naraparaju for the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), monthly per capita income from cultivation was Rs 2,311 in Punjab while it was just Rs 250 in West Bengal. It is a nine-fold difference. More to it, &amp;ldquo;monthly expenditures exceeded income in three of the largest states in the country&amp;mdash;West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar&amp;mdash;and, correspondingly, the average income of households with less than one hectare of land was less than consumption&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Down to Earth, 16 January, 2018, http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-richard-mahapatra-4683675&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4683675,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 35568,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Wealth Distribution,Wealth Inequality,Income Distribution,Income Inequality,Income Insurance&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-Down to Earth

Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy 

Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded in popular conscience: &amp;ldquo;Top 1 per cent of earners captured 22 per cent of total income in the country.&amp;rdquo; Their study&amp;ndash;covering consumption, government accounts and income tax data from 1922 when income tax was introduced in India till 2014&amp;ndash;found that income inequality has increased. Top 1 per cent of earners accounted 21 per cent of all income in 1922. During 1980s, popularly known as the Hindu growth rate era, it dropped to 6 per cent. It increased sharply from 1990s onwards.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the wage-earning middle class, this came as a worrying sign. A debate is brewing in the corporate world over rationalising salary across hierarchy. It has emerged as a verdict on capitalism&amp;rsquo;s most feared aspect of benefiting a few at the cost of others.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this debate, now imagine another economy: the economy of the farmers or the economy of India&amp;rsquo;s largely poor. Inequality of income among the small and marginal farmers group, the semi- and medium and the large farmers group is stark. The lowest among the farmers groups in term of landholding earns the least. And India primarily consists of small and marginal farmers defined as having landholding below two hectares (Ha). India&amp;rsquo;s 85 per cent of landholdings are below 2 Ha.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Let&amp;rsquo;s look at the income equality among various landholding groups. According to the Committee on Doubling of Farmers&amp;rsquo; Income, the average annual earning of a small and marginal farmer household was Rs 79,779 in 2015-16. Now compare this with the earning of large farmers having a landholding above 10 Ha. Such farmers earned seven-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer, or to be specific Rs 605,393 each year. A medium and semi-medium farmer&amp;rsquo;s household earned Rs 201,083 or two-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer&amp;rsquo;s household. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It means 85 per cent of farmer households earn 9 per cent of total income while the rest earn 91 per cent. If you compare this with overall inequality in India, it is far high. &amp;ldquo;The initial promise of agrarian reforms was to distribute land to the landless and provide title of ownership to the cultivators. However, unfortunately, India&amp;rsquo;s agrarian reforms did not ensure egalitarianism in the agricultural community,&amp;rdquo; says the Dalwai Committee Report asking for agriculture policies to factor in this aspect while crafting ways to double farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022 as promised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It means the &amp;ldquo;recovery phase&amp;rdquo; in agriculture with nearly 4 per cent growth in 2004-14 must have bypassed this marginalised majority among the farmers. It is not just among various landholding groups, there is a distinct variation in income level across states depending on level of agricultural growth.&amp;nbsp; According to a research paper by Sanjoy Chakravorty, S Chandrasekhar and Karthikeya Naraparaju for the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), monthly per capita income from cultivation was Rs 2,311 in Punjab while it was just Rs 250 in West Bengal. It is a nine-fold difference. More to it, &amp;ldquo;monthly expenditures exceeded income in three of the largest states in the country&amp;mdash;West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar&amp;mdash;and, correspondingly, the average income of households with less than one hectare of land was less than consumption&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&quot; title=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 35568,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded in popular conscience: &amp;ldquo;Top 1 per cent of earners captured 22 per cent of total income in the country.&amp;rdquo; Their study&amp;ndash;covering consumption, government accounts and income tax data from 1922 when income tax was introduced in India till 2014&amp;ndash;found that income inequality has increased. Top 1 per cent of earners accounted 21 per cent of all income in 1922. During 1980s, popularly known as the Hindu growth rate era, it dropped to 6 per cent. It increased sharply from 1990s onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the wage-earning middle class, this came as a worrying sign. A debate is brewing in the corporate world over rationalising salary across hierarchy. It has emerged as a verdict on capitalism&amp;rsquo;s most feared aspect of benefiting a few at the cost of others.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In this debate, now imagine another economy: the economy of the farmers or the economy of India&amp;rsquo;s largely poor. Inequality of income among the small and marginal farmers group, the semi- and medium and the large farmers group is stark. The lowest among the farmers groups in term of landholding earns the least. And India primarily consists of small and marginal farmers defined as having landholding below two hectares (Ha). India&amp;rsquo;s 85 per cent of landholdings are below 2 Ha.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Let&amp;rsquo;s look at the income equality among various landholding groups. According to the Committee on Doubling of Farmers&amp;rsquo; Income, the average annual earning of a small and marginal farmer household was Rs 79,779 in 2015-16. Now compare this with the earning of large farmers having a landholding above 10 Ha. Such farmers earned seven-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer, or to be specific Rs 605,393 each year. A medium and semi-medium farmer&amp;rsquo;s household earned Rs 201,083 or two-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer&amp;rsquo;s household. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It means 85 per cent of farmer households earn 9 per cent of total income while the rest earn 91 per cent. If you compare this with overall inequality in India, it is far high. &amp;ldquo;The initial promise of agrarian reforms was to distribute land to the landless and provide title of ownership to the cultivators. However, unfortunately, India&amp;rsquo;s agrarian reforms did not ensure egalitarianism in the agricultural community,&amp;rdquo; says the Dalwai Committee Report asking for agriculture policies to factor in this aspect while crafting ways to double farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022 as promised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It means the &amp;ldquo;recovery phase&amp;rdquo; in agriculture with nearly 4 per cent growth in 2004-14 must have bypassed this marginalised majority among the farmers. It is not just among various landholding groups, there is a distinct variation in income level across states depending on level of agricultural growth.&amp;nbsp; According to a research paper by Sanjoy Chakravorty, S Chandrasekhar and Karthikeya Naraparaju for the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), monthly per capita income from cultivation was Rs 2,311 in Punjab while it was just Rs 250 in West Bengal. It is a nine-fold difference. More to it, &amp;ldquo;monthly expenditures exceeded income in three of the largest states in the country&amp;mdash;West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar&amp;mdash;and, correspondingly, the average income of households with less than one hectare of land was less than consumption&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Down to Earth, 16 January, 2018, http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-richard-mahapatra-4683675&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4683675,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 35568
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Wealth Distribution,Wealth Inequality,Income Distribution,Income Inequality,Income Insurance&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-Down to Earth

Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy 

Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded in popular conscience: &amp;ldquo;Top 1 per cent of earners captured 22 per cent of total income in the country.&amp;rdquo; Their study&amp;ndash;covering consumption, government accounts and income tax data from 1922 when income tax was introduced in India till 2014&amp;ndash;found that income inequality has increased. Top 1 per cent of earners accounted 21 per cent of all income in 1922. During 1980s, popularly known as the Hindu growth rate era, it dropped to 6 per cent. It increased sharply from 1990s onwards.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the wage-earning middle class, this came as a worrying sign. A debate is brewing in the corporate world over rationalising salary across hierarchy. It has emerged as a verdict on capitalism&amp;rsquo;s most feared aspect of benefiting a few at the cost of others.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this debate, now imagine another economy: the economy of the farmers or the economy of India&amp;rsquo;s largely poor. Inequality of income among the small and marginal farmers group, the semi- and medium and the large farmers group is stark. The lowest among the farmers groups in term of landholding earns the least. And India primarily consists of small and marginal farmers defined as having landholding below two hectares (Ha). India&amp;rsquo;s 85 per cent of landholdings are below 2 Ha.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Let&amp;rsquo;s look at the income equality among various landholding groups. According to the Committee on Doubling of Farmers&amp;rsquo; Income, the average annual earning of a small and marginal farmer household was Rs 79,779 in 2015-16. Now compare this with the earning of large farmers having a landholding above 10 Ha. Such farmers earned seven-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer, or to be specific Rs 605,393 each year. A medium and semi-medium farmer&amp;rsquo;s household earned Rs 201,083 or two-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer&amp;rsquo;s household. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It means 85 per cent of farmer households earn 9 per cent of total income while the rest earn 91 per cent. If you compare this with overall inequality in India, it is far high. &amp;ldquo;The initial promise of agrarian reforms was to distribute land to the landless and provide title of ownership to the cultivators. However, unfortunately, India&amp;rsquo;s agrarian reforms did not ensure egalitarianism in the agricultural community,&amp;rdquo; says the Dalwai Committee Report asking for agriculture policies to factor in this aspect while crafting ways to double farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022 as promised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It means the &amp;ldquo;recovery phase&amp;rdquo; in agriculture with nearly 4 per cent growth in 2004-14 must have bypassed this marginalised majority among the farmers. It is not just among various landholding groups, there is a distinct variation in income level across states depending on level of agricultural growth.&amp;nbsp; According to a research paper by Sanjoy Chakravorty, S Chandrasekhar and Karthikeya Naraparaju for the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), monthly per capita income from cultivation was Rs 2,311 in Punjab while it was just Rs 250 in West Bengal. It is a nine-fold difference. More to it, &amp;ldquo;monthly expenditures exceeded income in three of the largest states in the country&amp;mdash;West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar&amp;mdash;and, correspondingly, the average income of households with less than one hectare of land was less than consumption&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&quot; title=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-richard-mahapatra-4683675.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-Down to Earth

Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy 

Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-Down to Earth<br /><br /><em>Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy <br /></em><br />Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded in popular conscience: &ldquo;Top 1 per cent of earners captured 22 per cent of total income in the country.&rdquo; Their study&ndash;covering consumption, government accounts and income tax data from 1922 when income tax was introduced in India till 2014&ndash;found that income inequality has increased. Top 1 per cent of earners accounted 21 per cent of all income in 1922. During 1980s, popularly known as the Hindu growth rate era, it dropped to 6 per cent. It increased sharply from 1990s onwards.<br /><br />For the wage-earning middle class, this came as a worrying sign. A debate is brewing in the corporate world over rationalising salary across hierarchy. It has emerged as a verdict on capitalism&rsquo;s most feared aspect of benefiting a few at the cost of others.<br /><br />In this debate, now imagine another economy: the economy of the farmers or the economy of India&rsquo;s largely poor. Inequality of income among the small and marginal farmers group, the semi- and medium and the large farmers group is stark. The lowest among the farmers groups in term of landholding earns the least. And India primarily consists of small and marginal farmers defined as having landholding below two hectares (Ha). India&rsquo;s 85 per cent of landholdings are below 2 Ha.<br /><br />Let&rsquo;s look at the income equality among various landholding groups. According to the Committee on Doubling of Farmers&rsquo; Income, the average annual earning of a small and marginal farmer household was Rs 79,779 in 2015-16. Now compare this with the earning of large farmers having a landholding above 10 Ha. Such farmers earned seven-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer, or to be specific Rs 605,393 each year. A medium and semi-medium farmer&rsquo;s household earned Rs 201,083 or two-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer&rsquo;s household. <br /><br />It means 85 per cent of farmer households earn 9 per cent of total income while the rest earn 91 per cent. If you compare this with overall inequality in India, it is far high. &ldquo;The initial promise of agrarian reforms was to distribute land to the landless and provide title of ownership to the cultivators. However, unfortunately, India&rsquo;s agrarian reforms did not ensure egalitarianism in the agricultural community,&rdquo; says the Dalwai Committee Report asking for agriculture policies to factor in this aspect while crafting ways to double farmers&rsquo; income by 2022 as promised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.<br /><br />It means the &ldquo;recovery phase&rdquo; in agriculture with nearly 4 per cent growth in 2004-14 must have bypassed this marginalised majority among the farmers. It is not just among various landholding groups, there is a distinct variation in income level across states depending on level of agricultural growth.&nbsp; According to a research paper by Sanjoy Chakravorty, S Chandrasekhar and Karthikeya Naraparaju for the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), monthly per capita income from cultivation was Rs 2,311 in Punjab while it was just Rs 250 in West Bengal. It is a nine-fold difference. More to it, &ldquo;monthly expenditures exceeded income in three of the largest states in the country&mdash;West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar&mdash;and, correspondingly, the average income of households with less than one hectare of land was less than consumption&rdquo;.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505" title="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$maxBufferLength = (int) 8192
$file = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php'
$line = (int) 853
$message = 'Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853'
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148]
Code Context
            $response->getStatusCode(),

            ($reasonPhrase ? ' ' . $reasonPhrase : '')

        ));
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 35568,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded in popular conscience: &amp;ldquo;Top 1 per cent of earners captured 22 per cent of total income in the country.&amp;rdquo; Their study&amp;ndash;covering consumption, government accounts and income tax data from 1922 when income tax was introduced in India till 2014&amp;ndash;found that income inequality has increased. Top 1 per cent of earners accounted 21 per cent of all income in 1922. During 1980s, popularly known as the Hindu growth rate era, it dropped to 6 per cent. It increased sharply from 1990s onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the wage-earning middle class, this came as a worrying sign. A debate is brewing in the corporate world over rationalising salary across hierarchy. It has emerged as a verdict on capitalism&amp;rsquo;s most feared aspect of benefiting a few at the cost of others.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In this debate, now imagine another economy: the economy of the farmers or the economy of India&amp;rsquo;s largely poor. Inequality of income among the small and marginal farmers group, the semi- and medium and the large farmers group is stark. The lowest among the farmers groups in term of landholding earns the least. And India primarily consists of small and marginal farmers defined as having landholding below two hectares (Ha). India&amp;rsquo;s 85 per cent of landholdings are below 2 Ha.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Let&amp;rsquo;s look at the income equality among various landholding groups. According to the Committee on Doubling of Farmers&amp;rsquo; Income, the average annual earning of a small and marginal farmer household was Rs 79,779 in 2015-16. Now compare this with the earning of large farmers having a landholding above 10 Ha. Such farmers earned seven-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer, or to be specific Rs 605,393 each year. A medium and semi-medium farmer&amp;rsquo;s household earned Rs 201,083 or two-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer&amp;rsquo;s household. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It means 85 per cent of farmer households earn 9 per cent of total income while the rest earn 91 per cent. If you compare this with overall inequality in India, it is far high. &amp;ldquo;The initial promise of agrarian reforms was to distribute land to the landless and provide title of ownership to the cultivators. However, unfortunately, India&amp;rsquo;s agrarian reforms did not ensure egalitarianism in the agricultural community,&amp;rdquo; says the Dalwai Committee Report asking for agriculture policies to factor in this aspect while crafting ways to double farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022 as promised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It means the &amp;ldquo;recovery phase&amp;rdquo; in agriculture with nearly 4 per cent growth in 2004-14 must have bypassed this marginalised majority among the farmers. It is not just among various landholding groups, there is a distinct variation in income level across states depending on level of agricultural growth.&amp;nbsp; According to a research paper by Sanjoy Chakravorty, S Chandrasekhar and Karthikeya Naraparaju for the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), monthly per capita income from cultivation was Rs 2,311 in Punjab while it was just Rs 250 in West Bengal. It is a nine-fold difference. More to it, &amp;ldquo;monthly expenditures exceeded income in three of the largest states in the country&amp;mdash;West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar&amp;mdash;and, correspondingly, the average income of households with less than one hectare of land was less than consumption&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Down to Earth, 16 January, 2018, http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-richard-mahapatra-4683675&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4683675,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 35568,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Wealth Distribution,Wealth Inequality,Income Distribution,Income Inequality,Income Insurance&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-Down to Earth

Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy 

Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded in popular conscience: &amp;ldquo;Top 1 per cent of earners captured 22 per cent of total income in the country.&amp;rdquo; Their study&amp;ndash;covering consumption, government accounts and income tax data from 1922 when income tax was introduced in India till 2014&amp;ndash;found that income inequality has increased. Top 1 per cent of earners accounted 21 per cent of all income in 1922. During 1980s, popularly known as the Hindu growth rate era, it dropped to 6 per cent. It increased sharply from 1990s onwards.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the wage-earning middle class, this came as a worrying sign. A debate is brewing in the corporate world over rationalising salary across hierarchy. It has emerged as a verdict on capitalism&amp;rsquo;s most feared aspect of benefiting a few at the cost of others.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this debate, now imagine another economy: the economy of the farmers or the economy of India&amp;rsquo;s largely poor. Inequality of income among the small and marginal farmers group, the semi- and medium and the large farmers group is stark. The lowest among the farmers groups in term of landholding earns the least. And India primarily consists of small and marginal farmers defined as having landholding below two hectares (Ha). India&amp;rsquo;s 85 per cent of landholdings are below 2 Ha.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Let&amp;rsquo;s look at the income equality among various landholding groups. According to the Committee on Doubling of Farmers&amp;rsquo; Income, the average annual earning of a small and marginal farmer household was Rs 79,779 in 2015-16. Now compare this with the earning of large farmers having a landholding above 10 Ha. Such farmers earned seven-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer, or to be specific Rs 605,393 each year. A medium and semi-medium farmer&amp;rsquo;s household earned Rs 201,083 or two-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer&amp;rsquo;s household. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It means 85 per cent of farmer households earn 9 per cent of total income while the rest earn 91 per cent. If you compare this with overall inequality in India, it is far high. &amp;ldquo;The initial promise of agrarian reforms was to distribute land to the landless and provide title of ownership to the cultivators. However, unfortunately, India&amp;rsquo;s agrarian reforms did not ensure egalitarianism in the agricultural community,&amp;rdquo; says the Dalwai Committee Report asking for agriculture policies to factor in this aspect while crafting ways to double farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022 as promised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It means the &amp;ldquo;recovery phase&amp;rdquo; in agriculture with nearly 4 per cent growth in 2004-14 must have bypassed this marginalised majority among the farmers. It is not just among various landholding groups, there is a distinct variation in income level across states depending on level of agricultural growth.&amp;nbsp; According to a research paper by Sanjoy Chakravorty, S Chandrasekhar and Karthikeya Naraparaju for the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), monthly per capita income from cultivation was Rs 2,311 in Punjab while it was just Rs 250 in West Bengal. It is a nine-fold difference. More to it, &amp;ldquo;monthly expenditures exceeded income in three of the largest states in the country&amp;mdash;West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar&amp;mdash;and, correspondingly, the average income of households with less than one hectare of land was less than consumption&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&quot; title=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 35568,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded in popular conscience: &amp;ldquo;Top 1 per cent of earners captured 22 per cent of total income in the country.&amp;rdquo; Their study&amp;ndash;covering consumption, government accounts and income tax data from 1922 when income tax was introduced in India till 2014&amp;ndash;found that income inequality has increased. Top 1 per cent of earners accounted 21 per cent of all income in 1922. During 1980s, popularly known as the Hindu growth rate era, it dropped to 6 per cent. It increased sharply from 1990s onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the wage-earning middle class, this came as a worrying sign. A debate is brewing in the corporate world over rationalising salary across hierarchy. It has emerged as a verdict on capitalism&amp;rsquo;s most feared aspect of benefiting a few at the cost of others.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In this debate, now imagine another economy: the economy of the farmers or the economy of India&amp;rsquo;s largely poor. Inequality of income among the small and marginal farmers group, the semi- and medium and the large farmers group is stark. The lowest among the farmers groups in term of landholding earns the least. And India primarily consists of small and marginal farmers defined as having landholding below two hectares (Ha). India&amp;rsquo;s 85 per cent of landholdings are below 2 Ha.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Let&amp;rsquo;s look at the income equality among various landholding groups. According to the Committee on Doubling of Farmers&amp;rsquo; Income, the average annual earning of a small and marginal farmer household was Rs 79,779 in 2015-16. Now compare this with the earning of large farmers having a landholding above 10 Ha. Such farmers earned seven-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer, or to be specific Rs 605,393 each year. A medium and semi-medium farmer&amp;rsquo;s household earned Rs 201,083 or two-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer&amp;rsquo;s household. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It means 85 per cent of farmer households earn 9 per cent of total income while the rest earn 91 per cent. If you compare this with overall inequality in India, it is far high. &amp;ldquo;The initial promise of agrarian reforms was to distribute land to the landless and provide title of ownership to the cultivators. However, unfortunately, India&amp;rsquo;s agrarian reforms did not ensure egalitarianism in the agricultural community,&amp;rdquo; says the Dalwai Committee Report asking for agriculture policies to factor in this aspect while crafting ways to double farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022 as promised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It means the &amp;ldquo;recovery phase&amp;rdquo; in agriculture with nearly 4 per cent growth in 2004-14 must have bypassed this marginalised majority among the farmers. It is not just among various landholding groups, there is a distinct variation in income level across states depending on level of agricultural growth.&amp;nbsp; According to a research paper by Sanjoy Chakravorty, S Chandrasekhar and Karthikeya Naraparaju for the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), monthly per capita income from cultivation was Rs 2,311 in Punjab while it was just Rs 250 in West Bengal. It is a nine-fold difference. More to it, &amp;ldquo;monthly expenditures exceeded income in three of the largest states in the country&amp;mdash;West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar&amp;mdash;and, correspondingly, the average income of households with less than one hectare of land was less than consumption&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Down to Earth, 16 January, 2018, http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-richard-mahapatra-4683675&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4683675,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 35568
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Wealth Distribution,Wealth Inequality,Income Distribution,Income Inequality,Income Insurance&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-Down to Earth

Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy 

Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded in popular conscience: &amp;ldquo;Top 1 per cent of earners captured 22 per cent of total income in the country.&amp;rdquo; Their study&amp;ndash;covering consumption, government accounts and income tax data from 1922 when income tax was introduced in India till 2014&amp;ndash;found that income inequality has increased. Top 1 per cent of earners accounted 21 per cent of all income in 1922. During 1980s, popularly known as the Hindu growth rate era, it dropped to 6 per cent. It increased sharply from 1990s onwards.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the wage-earning middle class, this came as a worrying sign. A debate is brewing in the corporate world over rationalising salary across hierarchy. It has emerged as a verdict on capitalism&amp;rsquo;s most feared aspect of benefiting a few at the cost of others.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this debate, now imagine another economy: the economy of the farmers or the economy of India&amp;rsquo;s largely poor. Inequality of income among the small and marginal farmers group, the semi- and medium and the large farmers group is stark. The lowest among the farmers groups in term of landholding earns the least. And India primarily consists of small and marginal farmers defined as having landholding below two hectares (Ha). India&amp;rsquo;s 85 per cent of landholdings are below 2 Ha.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Let&amp;rsquo;s look at the income equality among various landholding groups. According to the Committee on Doubling of Farmers&amp;rsquo; Income, the average annual earning of a small and marginal farmer household was Rs 79,779 in 2015-16. Now compare this with the earning of large farmers having a landholding above 10 Ha. Such farmers earned seven-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer, or to be specific Rs 605,393 each year. A medium and semi-medium farmer&amp;rsquo;s household earned Rs 201,083 or two-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer&amp;rsquo;s household. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It means 85 per cent of farmer households earn 9 per cent of total income while the rest earn 91 per cent. If you compare this with overall inequality in India, it is far high. &amp;ldquo;The initial promise of agrarian reforms was to distribute land to the landless and provide title of ownership to the cultivators. However, unfortunately, India&amp;rsquo;s agrarian reforms did not ensure egalitarianism in the agricultural community,&amp;rdquo; says the Dalwai Committee Report asking for agriculture policies to factor in this aspect while crafting ways to double farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022 as promised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It means the &amp;ldquo;recovery phase&amp;rdquo; in agriculture with nearly 4 per cent growth in 2004-14 must have bypassed this marginalised majority among the farmers. It is not just among various landholding groups, there is a distinct variation in income level across states depending on level of agricultural growth.&amp;nbsp; According to a research paper by Sanjoy Chakravorty, S Chandrasekhar and Karthikeya Naraparaju for the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), monthly per capita income from cultivation was Rs 2,311 in Punjab while it was just Rs 250 in West Bengal. It is a nine-fold difference. More to it, &amp;ldquo;monthly expenditures exceeded income in three of the largest states in the country&amp;mdash;West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar&amp;mdash;and, correspondingly, the average income of households with less than one hectare of land was less than consumption&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&quot; title=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-richard-mahapatra-4683675.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-Down to Earth

Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy 

Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-Down to Earth<br /><br /><em>Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy <br /></em><br />Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded in popular conscience: &ldquo;Top 1 per cent of earners captured 22 per cent of total income in the country.&rdquo; Their study&ndash;covering consumption, government accounts and income tax data from 1922 when income tax was introduced in India till 2014&ndash;found that income inequality has increased. Top 1 per cent of earners accounted 21 per cent of all income in 1922. During 1980s, popularly known as the Hindu growth rate era, it dropped to 6 per cent. It increased sharply from 1990s onwards.<br /><br />For the wage-earning middle class, this came as a worrying sign. A debate is brewing in the corporate world over rationalising salary across hierarchy. It has emerged as a verdict on capitalism&rsquo;s most feared aspect of benefiting a few at the cost of others.<br /><br />In this debate, now imagine another economy: the economy of the farmers or the economy of India&rsquo;s largely poor. Inequality of income among the small and marginal farmers group, the semi- and medium and the large farmers group is stark. The lowest among the farmers groups in term of landholding earns the least. And India primarily consists of small and marginal farmers defined as having landholding below two hectares (Ha). India&rsquo;s 85 per cent of landholdings are below 2 Ha.<br /><br />Let&rsquo;s look at the income equality among various landholding groups. According to the Committee on Doubling of Farmers&rsquo; Income, the average annual earning of a small and marginal farmer household was Rs 79,779 in 2015-16. Now compare this with the earning of large farmers having a landholding above 10 Ha. Such farmers earned seven-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer, or to be specific Rs 605,393 each year. A medium and semi-medium farmer&rsquo;s household earned Rs 201,083 or two-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer&rsquo;s household. <br /><br />It means 85 per cent of farmer households earn 9 per cent of total income while the rest earn 91 per cent. If you compare this with overall inequality in India, it is far high. &ldquo;The initial promise of agrarian reforms was to distribute land to the landless and provide title of ownership to the cultivators. However, unfortunately, India&rsquo;s agrarian reforms did not ensure egalitarianism in the agricultural community,&rdquo; says the Dalwai Committee Report asking for agriculture policies to factor in this aspect while crafting ways to double farmers&rsquo; income by 2022 as promised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.<br /><br />It means the &ldquo;recovery phase&rdquo; in agriculture with nearly 4 per cent growth in 2004-14 must have bypassed this marginalised majority among the farmers. It is not just among various landholding groups, there is a distinct variation in income level across states depending on level of agricultural growth.&nbsp; According to a research paper by Sanjoy Chakravorty, S Chandrasekhar and Karthikeya Naraparaju for the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), monthly per capita income from cultivation was Rs 2,311 in Punjab while it was just Rs 250 in West Bengal. It is a nine-fold difference. More to it, &ldquo;monthly expenditures exceeded income in three of the largest states in the country&mdash;West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar&mdash;and, correspondingly, the average income of households with less than one hectare of land was less than consumption&rdquo;.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505" title="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$reasonPhrase = 'OK'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitStatusLine() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 54
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181]
Code Context
                    $value

                ), $first);

                $first = false;
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr68000e89cd2f5-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 35568,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded in popular conscience: &amp;ldquo;Top 1 per cent of earners captured 22 per cent of total income in the country.&amp;rdquo; Their study&amp;ndash;covering consumption, government accounts and income tax data from 1922 when income tax was introduced in India till 2014&amp;ndash;found that income inequality has increased. Top 1 per cent of earners accounted 21 per cent of all income in 1922. During 1980s, popularly known as the Hindu growth rate era, it dropped to 6 per cent. It increased sharply from 1990s onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the wage-earning middle class, this came as a worrying sign. A debate is brewing in the corporate world over rationalising salary across hierarchy. It has emerged as a verdict on capitalism&amp;rsquo;s most feared aspect of benefiting a few at the cost of others.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In this debate, now imagine another economy: the economy of the farmers or the economy of India&amp;rsquo;s largely poor. Inequality of income among the small and marginal farmers group, the semi- and medium and the large farmers group is stark. The lowest among the farmers groups in term of landholding earns the least. And India primarily consists of small and marginal farmers defined as having landholding below two hectares (Ha). India&amp;rsquo;s 85 per cent of landholdings are below 2 Ha.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Let&amp;rsquo;s look at the income equality among various landholding groups. According to the Committee on Doubling of Farmers&amp;rsquo; Income, the average annual earning of a small and marginal farmer household was Rs 79,779 in 2015-16. Now compare this with the earning of large farmers having a landholding above 10 Ha. Such farmers earned seven-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer, or to be specific Rs 605,393 each year. A medium and semi-medium farmer&amp;rsquo;s household earned Rs 201,083 or two-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer&amp;rsquo;s household. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It means 85 per cent of farmer households earn 9 per cent of total income while the rest earn 91 per cent. If you compare this with overall inequality in India, it is far high. &amp;ldquo;The initial promise of agrarian reforms was to distribute land to the landless and provide title of ownership to the cultivators. However, unfortunately, India&amp;rsquo;s agrarian reforms did not ensure egalitarianism in the agricultural community,&amp;rdquo; says the Dalwai Committee Report asking for agriculture policies to factor in this aspect while crafting ways to double farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022 as promised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It means the &amp;ldquo;recovery phase&amp;rdquo; in agriculture with nearly 4 per cent growth in 2004-14 must have bypassed this marginalised majority among the farmers. It is not just among various landholding groups, there is a distinct variation in income level across states depending on level of agricultural growth.&amp;nbsp; According to a research paper by Sanjoy Chakravorty, S Chandrasekhar and Karthikeya Naraparaju for the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), monthly per capita income from cultivation was Rs 2,311 in Punjab while it was just Rs 250 in West Bengal. It is a nine-fold difference. More to it, &amp;ldquo;monthly expenditures exceeded income in three of the largest states in the country&amp;mdash;West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar&amp;mdash;and, correspondingly, the average income of households with less than one hectare of land was less than consumption&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Down to Earth, 16 January, 2018, http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-richard-mahapatra-4683675&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4683675,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 35568,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Wealth Distribution,Wealth Inequality,Income Distribution,Income Inequality,Income Insurance&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-Down to Earth

Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy 

Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded in popular conscience: &amp;ldquo;Top 1 per cent of earners captured 22 per cent of total income in the country.&amp;rdquo; Their study&amp;ndash;covering consumption, government accounts and income tax data from 1922 when income tax was introduced in India till 2014&amp;ndash;found that income inequality has increased. Top 1 per cent of earners accounted 21 per cent of all income in 1922. During 1980s, popularly known as the Hindu growth rate era, it dropped to 6 per cent. It increased sharply from 1990s onwards.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the wage-earning middle class, this came as a worrying sign. A debate is brewing in the corporate world over rationalising salary across hierarchy. It has emerged as a verdict on capitalism&amp;rsquo;s most feared aspect of benefiting a few at the cost of others.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this debate, now imagine another economy: the economy of the farmers or the economy of India&amp;rsquo;s largely poor. Inequality of income among the small and marginal farmers group, the semi- and medium and the large farmers group is stark. The lowest among the farmers groups in term of landholding earns the least. And India primarily consists of small and marginal farmers defined as having landholding below two hectares (Ha). India&amp;rsquo;s 85 per cent of landholdings are below 2 Ha.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Let&amp;rsquo;s look at the income equality among various landholding groups. According to the Committee on Doubling of Farmers&amp;rsquo; Income, the average annual earning of a small and marginal farmer household was Rs 79,779 in 2015-16. Now compare this with the earning of large farmers having a landholding above 10 Ha. Such farmers earned seven-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer, or to be specific Rs 605,393 each year. A medium and semi-medium farmer&amp;rsquo;s household earned Rs 201,083 or two-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer&amp;rsquo;s household. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It means 85 per cent of farmer households earn 9 per cent of total income while the rest earn 91 per cent. If you compare this with overall inequality in India, it is far high. &amp;ldquo;The initial promise of agrarian reforms was to distribute land to the landless and provide title of ownership to the cultivators. However, unfortunately, India&amp;rsquo;s agrarian reforms did not ensure egalitarianism in the agricultural community,&amp;rdquo; says the Dalwai Committee Report asking for agriculture policies to factor in this aspect while crafting ways to double farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022 as promised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It means the &amp;ldquo;recovery phase&amp;rdquo; in agriculture with nearly 4 per cent growth in 2004-14 must have bypassed this marginalised majority among the farmers. It is not just among various landholding groups, there is a distinct variation in income level across states depending on level of agricultural growth.&amp;nbsp; According to a research paper by Sanjoy Chakravorty, S Chandrasekhar and Karthikeya Naraparaju for the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), monthly per capita income from cultivation was Rs 2,311 in Punjab while it was just Rs 250 in West Bengal. It is a nine-fold difference. More to it, &amp;ldquo;monthly expenditures exceeded income in three of the largest states in the country&amp;mdash;West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar&amp;mdash;and, correspondingly, the average income of households with less than one hectare of land was less than consumption&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&quot; title=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 35568,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded in popular conscience: &amp;ldquo;Top 1 per cent of earners captured 22 per cent of total income in the country.&amp;rdquo; Their study&amp;ndash;covering consumption, government accounts and income tax data from 1922 when income tax was introduced in India till 2014&amp;ndash;found that income inequality has increased. Top 1 per cent of earners accounted 21 per cent of all income in 1922. During 1980s, popularly known as the Hindu growth rate era, it dropped to 6 per cent. It increased sharply from 1990s onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the wage-earning middle class, this came as a worrying sign. A debate is brewing in the corporate world over rationalising salary across hierarchy. It has emerged as a verdict on capitalism&amp;rsquo;s most feared aspect of benefiting a few at the cost of others.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In this debate, now imagine another economy: the economy of the farmers or the economy of India&amp;rsquo;s largely poor. Inequality of income among the small and marginal farmers group, the semi- and medium and the large farmers group is stark. The lowest among the farmers groups in term of landholding earns the least. And India primarily consists of small and marginal farmers defined as having landholding below two hectares (Ha). India&amp;rsquo;s 85 per cent of landholdings are below 2 Ha.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Let&amp;rsquo;s look at the income equality among various landholding groups. According to the Committee on Doubling of Farmers&amp;rsquo; Income, the average annual earning of a small and marginal farmer household was Rs 79,779 in 2015-16. Now compare this with the earning of large farmers having a landholding above 10 Ha. Such farmers earned seven-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer, or to be specific Rs 605,393 each year. A medium and semi-medium farmer&amp;rsquo;s household earned Rs 201,083 or two-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer&amp;rsquo;s household. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It means 85 per cent of farmer households earn 9 per cent of total income while the rest earn 91 per cent. If you compare this with overall inequality in India, it is far high. &amp;ldquo;The initial promise of agrarian reforms was to distribute land to the landless and provide title of ownership to the cultivators. However, unfortunately, India&amp;rsquo;s agrarian reforms did not ensure egalitarianism in the agricultural community,&amp;rdquo; says the Dalwai Committee Report asking for agriculture policies to factor in this aspect while crafting ways to double farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022 as promised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It means the &amp;ldquo;recovery phase&amp;rdquo; in agriculture with nearly 4 per cent growth in 2004-14 must have bypassed this marginalised majority among the farmers. It is not just among various landholding groups, there is a distinct variation in income level across states depending on level of agricultural growth.&amp;nbsp; According to a research paper by Sanjoy Chakravorty, S Chandrasekhar and Karthikeya Naraparaju for the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), monthly per capita income from cultivation was Rs 2,311 in Punjab while it was just Rs 250 in West Bengal. It is a nine-fold difference. More to it, &amp;ldquo;monthly expenditures exceeded income in three of the largest states in the country&amp;mdash;West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar&amp;mdash;and, correspondingly, the average income of households with less than one hectare of land was less than consumption&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Down to Earth, 16 January, 2018, http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-richard-mahapatra-4683675&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4683675,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 35568
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Wealth Distribution,Wealth Inequality,Income Distribution,Income Inequality,Income Insurance&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-Down to Earth

Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy 

Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded in popular conscience: &amp;ldquo;Top 1 per cent of earners captured 22 per cent of total income in the country.&amp;rdquo; Their study&amp;ndash;covering consumption, government accounts and income tax data from 1922 when income tax was introduced in India till 2014&amp;ndash;found that income inequality has increased. Top 1 per cent of earners accounted 21 per cent of all income in 1922. During 1980s, popularly known as the Hindu growth rate era, it dropped to 6 per cent. It increased sharply from 1990s onwards.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the wage-earning middle class, this came as a worrying sign. A debate is brewing in the corporate world over rationalising salary across hierarchy. It has emerged as a verdict on capitalism&amp;rsquo;s most feared aspect of benefiting a few at the cost of others.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this debate, now imagine another economy: the economy of the farmers or the economy of India&amp;rsquo;s largely poor. Inequality of income among the small and marginal farmers group, the semi- and medium and the large farmers group is stark. The lowest among the farmers groups in term of landholding earns the least. And India primarily consists of small and marginal farmers defined as having landholding below two hectares (Ha). India&amp;rsquo;s 85 per cent of landholdings are below 2 Ha.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Let&amp;rsquo;s look at the income equality among various landholding groups. According to the Committee on Doubling of Farmers&amp;rsquo; Income, the average annual earning of a small and marginal farmer household was Rs 79,779 in 2015-16. Now compare this with the earning of large farmers having a landholding above 10 Ha. Such farmers earned seven-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer, or to be specific Rs 605,393 each year. A medium and semi-medium farmer&amp;rsquo;s household earned Rs 201,083 or two-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer&amp;rsquo;s household. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It means 85 per cent of farmer households earn 9 per cent of total income while the rest earn 91 per cent. If you compare this with overall inequality in India, it is far high. &amp;ldquo;The initial promise of agrarian reforms was to distribute land to the landless and provide title of ownership to the cultivators. However, unfortunately, India&amp;rsquo;s agrarian reforms did not ensure egalitarianism in the agricultural community,&amp;rdquo; says the Dalwai Committee Report asking for agriculture policies to factor in this aspect while crafting ways to double farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022 as promised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It means the &amp;ldquo;recovery phase&amp;rdquo; in agriculture with nearly 4 per cent growth in 2004-14 must have bypassed this marginalised majority among the farmers. It is not just among various landholding groups, there is a distinct variation in income level across states depending on level of agricultural growth.&amp;nbsp; According to a research paper by Sanjoy Chakravorty, S Chandrasekhar and Karthikeya Naraparaju for the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), monthly per capita income from cultivation was Rs 2,311 in Punjab while it was just Rs 250 in West Bengal. It is a nine-fold difference. More to it, &amp;ldquo;monthly expenditures exceeded income in three of the largest states in the country&amp;mdash;West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar&amp;mdash;and, correspondingly, the average income of households with less than one hectare of land was less than consumption&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&quot; title=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-richard-mahapatra-4683675.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-Down to Earth

Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy 

Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-Down to Earth<br /><br /><em>Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy <br /></em><br />Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded in popular conscience: &ldquo;Top 1 per cent of earners captured 22 per cent of total income in the country.&rdquo; Their study&ndash;covering consumption, government accounts and income tax data from 1922 when income tax was introduced in India till 2014&ndash;found that income inequality has increased. Top 1 per cent of earners accounted 21 per cent of all income in 1922. During 1980s, popularly known as the Hindu growth rate era, it dropped to 6 per cent. It increased sharply from 1990s onwards.<br /><br />For the wage-earning middle class, this came as a worrying sign. A debate is brewing in the corporate world over rationalising salary across hierarchy. It has emerged as a verdict on capitalism&rsquo;s most feared aspect of benefiting a few at the cost of others.<br /><br />In this debate, now imagine another economy: the economy of the farmers or the economy of India&rsquo;s largely poor. Inequality of income among the small and marginal farmers group, the semi- and medium and the large farmers group is stark. The lowest among the farmers groups in term of landholding earns the least. And India primarily consists of small and marginal farmers defined as having landholding below two hectares (Ha). India&rsquo;s 85 per cent of landholdings are below 2 Ha.<br /><br />Let&rsquo;s look at the income equality among various landholding groups. According to the Committee on Doubling of Farmers&rsquo; Income, the average annual earning of a small and marginal farmer household was Rs 79,779 in 2015-16. Now compare this with the earning of large farmers having a landholding above 10 Ha. Such farmers earned seven-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer, or to be specific Rs 605,393 each year. A medium and semi-medium farmer&rsquo;s household earned Rs 201,083 or two-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer&rsquo;s household. <br /><br />It means 85 per cent of farmer households earn 9 per cent of total income while the rest earn 91 per cent. If you compare this with overall inequality in India, it is far high. &ldquo;The initial promise of agrarian reforms was to distribute land to the landless and provide title of ownership to the cultivators. However, unfortunately, India&rsquo;s agrarian reforms did not ensure egalitarianism in the agricultural community,&rdquo; says the Dalwai Committee Report asking for agriculture policies to factor in this aspect while crafting ways to double farmers&rsquo; income by 2022 as promised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.<br /><br />It means the &ldquo;recovery phase&rdquo; in agriculture with nearly 4 per cent growth in 2004-14 must have bypassed this marginalised majority among the farmers. It is not just among various landholding groups, there is a distinct variation in income level across states depending on level of agricultural growth.&nbsp; According to a research paper by Sanjoy Chakravorty, S Chandrasekhar and Karthikeya Naraparaju for the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), monthly per capita income from cultivation was Rs 2,311 in Punjab while it was just Rs 250 in West Bengal. It is a nine-fold difference. More to it, &ldquo;monthly expenditures exceeded income in three of the largest states in the country&mdash;West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar&mdash;and, correspondingly, the average income of households with less than one hectare of land was less than consumption&rdquo;.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505" title="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$cookies = []
$values = [
	(int) 0 => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
]
$name = 'Content-Type'
$first = true
$value = 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitHeaders() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 55
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

<head>

    <link rel="canonical" href="<?php echo Configure::read('SITE_URL'); ?><?php echo $urlPrefix;?><?php echo $article_current->category->slug; ?>/<?php echo $article_current->seo_url; ?>.html"/>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>

$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp'
$dataForView = [
	'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		'id' => (int) 35568,
		'title' => 'Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra',
		'subheading' => '',
		'description' => '<div align="justify">
-Down to Earth<br />
<br />
<em>Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy <br />
</em><br />
Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded in popular conscience: &ldquo;Top 1 per cent of earners captured 22 per cent of total income in the country.&rdquo; Their study&ndash;covering consumption, government accounts and income tax data from 1922 when income tax was introduced in India till 2014&ndash;found that income inequality has increased. Top 1 per cent of earners accounted 21 per cent of all income in 1922. During 1980s, popularly known as the Hindu growth rate era, it dropped to 6 per cent. It increased sharply from 1990s onwards.<br />
<br />
For the wage-earning middle class, this came as a worrying sign. A debate is brewing in the corporate world over rationalising salary across hierarchy. It has emerged as a verdict on capitalism&rsquo;s most feared aspect of benefiting a few at the cost of others.<br />
<br />
In this debate, now imagine another economy: the economy of the farmers or the economy of India&rsquo;s largely poor. Inequality of income among the small and marginal farmers group, the semi- and medium and the large farmers group is stark. The lowest among the farmers groups in term of landholding earns the least. And India primarily consists of small and marginal farmers defined as having landholding below two hectares (Ha). India&rsquo;s 85 per cent of landholdings are below 2 Ha.<br />
<br />
Let&rsquo;s look at the income equality among various landholding groups. According to the Committee on Doubling of Farmers&rsquo; Income, the average annual earning of a small and marginal farmer household was Rs 79,779 in 2015-16. Now compare this with the earning of large farmers having a landholding above 10 Ha. Such farmers earned seven-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer, or to be specific Rs 605,393 each year. A medium and semi-medium farmer&rsquo;s household earned Rs 201,083 or two-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer&rsquo;s household. <br />
<br />
It means 85 per cent of farmer households earn 9 per cent of total income while the rest earn 91 per cent. If you compare this with overall inequality in India, it is far high. &ldquo;The initial promise of agrarian reforms was to distribute land to the landless and provide title of ownership to the cultivators. However, unfortunately, India&rsquo;s agrarian reforms did not ensure egalitarianism in the agricultural community,&rdquo; says the Dalwai Committee Report asking for agriculture policies to factor in this aspect while crafting ways to double farmers&rsquo; income by 2022 as promised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.<br />
<br />
It means the &ldquo;recovery phase&rdquo; in agriculture with nearly 4 per cent growth in 2004-14 must have bypassed this marginalised majority among the farmers. It is not just among various landholding groups, there is a distinct variation in income level across states depending on level of agricultural growth.&nbsp; According to a research paper by Sanjoy Chakravorty, S Chandrasekhar and Karthikeya Naraparaju for the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), monthly per capita income from cultivation was Rs 2,311 in Punjab while it was just Rs 250 in West Bengal. It is a nine-fold difference. More to it, &ldquo;monthly expenditures exceeded income in three of the largest states in the country&mdash;West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar&mdash;and, correspondingly, the average income of households with less than one hectare of land was less than consumption&rdquo;.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
		'credit_writer' => 'Down to Earth, 16 January, 2018, http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505',
		'article_img' => '',
		'article_img_thumb' => '',
		'status' => (int) 1,
		'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
		'lang' => 'EN',
		'category_id' => (int) 16,
		'tag_keyword' => '',
		'seo_url' => 'only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-richard-mahapatra-4683675',
		'meta_title' => null,
		'meta_keywords' => null,
		'meta_description' => null,
		'noindex' => (int) 0,
		'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		'most_visit_section_id' => null,
		'article_big_img' => null,
		'liveid' => (int) 4683675,
		'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'edate' => '',
		'tags' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[hasErrors]' => false,
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'Articles'
	
	},
	'articleid' => (int) 35568,
	'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra',
	'metaKeywords' => 'Wealth Distribution,Wealth Inequality,Income Distribution,Income Inequality,Income Insurance',
	'metaDesc' => '
-Down to Earth

Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy 

Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-Down to Earth<br /><br /><em>Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy <br /></em><br />Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded in popular conscience: &ldquo;Top 1 per cent of earners captured 22 per cent of total income in the country.&rdquo; Their study&ndash;covering consumption, government accounts and income tax data from 1922 when income tax was introduced in India till 2014&ndash;found that income inequality has increased. Top 1 per cent of earners accounted 21 per cent of all income in 1922. During 1980s, popularly known as the Hindu growth rate era, it dropped to 6 per cent. It increased sharply from 1990s onwards.<br /><br />For the wage-earning middle class, this came as a worrying sign. A debate is brewing in the corporate world over rationalising salary across hierarchy. It has emerged as a verdict on capitalism&rsquo;s most feared aspect of benefiting a few at the cost of others.<br /><br />In this debate, now imagine another economy: the economy of the farmers or the economy of India&rsquo;s largely poor. Inequality of income among the small and marginal farmers group, the semi- and medium and the large farmers group is stark. The lowest among the farmers groups in term of landholding earns the least. And India primarily consists of small and marginal farmers defined as having landholding below two hectares (Ha). India&rsquo;s 85 per cent of landholdings are below 2 Ha.<br /><br />Let&rsquo;s look at the income equality among various landholding groups. According to the Committee on Doubling of Farmers&rsquo; Income, the average annual earning of a small and marginal farmer household was Rs 79,779 in 2015-16. Now compare this with the earning of large farmers having a landholding above 10 Ha. Such farmers earned seven-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer, or to be specific Rs 605,393 each year. A medium and semi-medium farmer&rsquo;s household earned Rs 201,083 or two-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer&rsquo;s household. <br /><br />It means 85 per cent of farmer households earn 9 per cent of total income while the rest earn 91 per cent. If you compare this with overall inequality in India, it is far high. &ldquo;The initial promise of agrarian reforms was to distribute land to the landless and provide title of ownership to the cultivators. However, unfortunately, India&rsquo;s agrarian reforms did not ensure egalitarianism in the agricultural community,&rdquo; says the Dalwai Committee Report asking for agriculture policies to factor in this aspect while crafting ways to double farmers&rsquo; income by 2022 as promised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.<br /><br />It means the &ldquo;recovery phase&rdquo; in agriculture with nearly 4 per cent growth in 2004-14 must have bypassed this marginalised majority among the farmers. It is not just among various landholding groups, there is a distinct variation in income level across states depending on level of agricultural growth.&nbsp; According to a research paper by Sanjoy Chakravorty, S Chandrasekhar and Karthikeya Naraparaju for the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), monthly per capita income from cultivation was Rs 2,311 in Punjab while it was just Rs 250 in West Bengal. It is a nine-fold difference. More to it, &ldquo;monthly expenditures exceeded income in three of the largest states in the country&mdash;West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar&mdash;and, correspondingly, the average income of households with less than one hectare of land was less than consumption&rdquo;.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505" title="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>',
	'lang' => 'English',
	'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/',
	'site_title' => 'im4change',
	'adminprix' => 'admin'
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	'id' => (int) 35568,
	'title' => 'Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra',
	'subheading' => '',
	'description' => '<div align="justify">
-Down to Earth<br />
<br />
<em>Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy <br />
</em><br />
Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded in popular conscience: &ldquo;Top 1 per cent of earners captured 22 per cent of total income in the country.&rdquo; Their study&ndash;covering consumption, government accounts and income tax data from 1922 when income tax was introduced in India till 2014&ndash;found that income inequality has increased. Top 1 per cent of earners accounted 21 per cent of all income in 1922. During 1980s, popularly known as the Hindu growth rate era, it dropped to 6 per cent. It increased sharply from 1990s onwards.<br />
<br />
For the wage-earning middle class, this came as a worrying sign. A debate is brewing in the corporate world over rationalising salary across hierarchy. It has emerged as a verdict on capitalism&rsquo;s most feared aspect of benefiting a few at the cost of others.<br />
<br />
In this debate, now imagine another economy: the economy of the farmers or the economy of India&rsquo;s largely poor. Inequality of income among the small and marginal farmers group, the semi- and medium and the large farmers group is stark. The lowest among the farmers groups in term of landholding earns the least. And India primarily consists of small and marginal farmers defined as having landholding below two hectares (Ha). India&rsquo;s 85 per cent of landholdings are below 2 Ha.<br />
<br />
Let&rsquo;s look at the income equality among various landholding groups. According to the Committee on Doubling of Farmers&rsquo; Income, the average annual earning of a small and marginal farmer household was Rs 79,779 in 2015-16. Now compare this with the earning of large farmers having a landholding above 10 Ha. Such farmers earned seven-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer, or to be specific Rs 605,393 each year. A medium and semi-medium farmer&rsquo;s household earned Rs 201,083 or two-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer&rsquo;s household. <br />
<br />
It means 85 per cent of farmer households earn 9 per cent of total income while the rest earn 91 per cent. If you compare this with overall inequality in India, it is far high. &ldquo;The initial promise of agrarian reforms was to distribute land to the landless and provide title of ownership to the cultivators. However, unfortunately, India&rsquo;s agrarian reforms did not ensure egalitarianism in the agricultural community,&rdquo; says the Dalwai Committee Report asking for agriculture policies to factor in this aspect while crafting ways to double farmers&rsquo; income by 2022 as promised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.<br />
<br />
It means the &ldquo;recovery phase&rdquo; in agriculture with nearly 4 per cent growth in 2004-14 must have bypassed this marginalised majority among the farmers. It is not just among various landholding groups, there is a distinct variation in income level across states depending on level of agricultural growth.&nbsp; According to a research paper by Sanjoy Chakravorty, S Chandrasekhar and Karthikeya Naraparaju for the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), monthly per capita income from cultivation was Rs 2,311 in Punjab while it was just Rs 250 in West Bengal. It is a nine-fold difference. More to it, &ldquo;monthly expenditures exceeded income in three of the largest states in the country&mdash;West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar&mdash;and, correspondingly, the average income of households with less than one hectare of land was less than consumption&rdquo;.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
	'credit_writer' => 'Down to Earth, 16 January, 2018, http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505',
	'article_img' => '',
	'article_img_thumb' => '',
	'status' => (int) 1,
	'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
	'lang' => 'EN',
	'category_id' => (int) 16,
	'tag_keyword' => '',
	'seo_url' => 'only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-richard-mahapatra-4683675',
	'meta_title' => null,
	'meta_keywords' => null,
	'meta_description' => null,
	'noindex' => (int) 0,
	'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	'most_visit_section_id' => null,
	'article_big_img' => null,
	'liveid' => (int) 4683675,
	'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'edate' => '',
	'tags' => [
		(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	'[new]' => false,
	'[accessible]' => [
		'*' => true,
		'id' => false
	],
	'[dirty]' => [],
	'[original]' => [],
	'[virtual]' => [],
	'[hasErrors]' => false,
	'[errors]' => [],
	'[invalid]' => [],
	'[repository]' => 'Articles'

}
$articleid = (int) 35568
$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra'
$metaKeywords = 'Wealth Distribution,Wealth Inequality,Income Distribution,Income Inequality,Income Insurance'
$metaDesc = '
-Down to Earth

Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy 

Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-Down to Earth<br /><br /><em>Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy <br /></em><br />Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded in popular conscience: &ldquo;Top 1 per cent of earners captured 22 per cent of total income in the country.&rdquo; Their study&ndash;covering consumption, government accounts and income tax data from 1922 when income tax was introduced in India till 2014&ndash;found that income inequality has increased. Top 1 per cent of earners accounted 21 per cent of all income in 1922. During 1980s, popularly known as the Hindu growth rate era, it dropped to 6 per cent. It increased sharply from 1990s onwards.<br /><br />For the wage-earning middle class, this came as a worrying sign. A debate is brewing in the corporate world over rationalising salary across hierarchy. It has emerged as a verdict on capitalism&rsquo;s most feared aspect of benefiting a few at the cost of others.<br /><br />In this debate, now imagine another economy: the economy of the farmers or the economy of India&rsquo;s largely poor. Inequality of income among the small and marginal farmers group, the semi- and medium and the large farmers group is stark. The lowest among the farmers groups in term of landholding earns the least. And India primarily consists of small and marginal farmers defined as having landholding below two hectares (Ha). India&rsquo;s 85 per cent of landholdings are below 2 Ha.<br /><br />Let&rsquo;s look at the income equality among various landholding groups. According to the Committee on Doubling of Farmers&rsquo; Income, the average annual earning of a small and marginal farmer household was Rs 79,779 in 2015-16. Now compare this with the earning of large farmers having a landholding above 10 Ha. Such farmers earned seven-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer, or to be specific Rs 605,393 each year. A medium and semi-medium farmer&rsquo;s household earned Rs 201,083 or two-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer&rsquo;s household. <br /><br />It means 85 per cent of farmer households earn 9 per cent of total income while the rest earn 91 per cent. If you compare this with overall inequality in India, it is far high. &ldquo;The initial promise of agrarian reforms was to distribute land to the landless and provide title of ownership to the cultivators. However, unfortunately, India&rsquo;s agrarian reforms did not ensure egalitarianism in the agricultural community,&rdquo; says the Dalwai Committee Report asking for agriculture policies to factor in this aspect while crafting ways to double farmers&rsquo; income by 2022 as promised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.<br /><br />It means the &ldquo;recovery phase&rdquo; in agriculture with nearly 4 per cent growth in 2004-14 must have bypassed this marginalised majority among the farmers. It is not just among various landholding groups, there is a distinct variation in income level across states depending on level of agricultural growth.&nbsp; According to a research paper by Sanjoy Chakravorty, S Chandrasekhar and Karthikeya Naraparaju for the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), monthly per capita income from cultivation was Rs 2,311 in Punjab while it was just Rs 250 in West Bengal. It is a nine-fold difference. More to it, &ldquo;monthly expenditures exceeded income in three of the largest states in the country&mdash;West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar&mdash;and, correspondingly, the average income of households with less than one hectare of land was less than consumption&rdquo;.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505" title="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/only-15-landholders-earn-91-of-total-national-income-59505">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>'
$lang = 'English'
$SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/'
$site_title = 'im4change'
$adminprix = 'admin'

include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51

Only 15% landholders earn 91% of total national income -Richard Mahapatra

-Down to Earth Income inequality makes agrarian crisis challenging; inequality is worse among farmers than the formal economy Economists Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty recently concluded after a long study that inequality is at its peak in India. It is embedded in popular conscience: “Top 1 per cent of earners captured 22 per cent of total income in the country.” Their study–covering consumption, government accounts and income tax data from 1922 when income tax was introduced in India till 2014–found that income inequality has increased. Top 1 per cent of earners accounted 21 per cent of all income in 1922. During 1980s, popularly known as the Hindu growth rate era, it dropped to 6 per cent. It increased sharply from 1990s onwards. For the wage-earning middle class, this came as a worrying sign. A debate is brewing in the corporate world over rationalising salary across hierarchy. It has emerged as a verdict on capitalism’s most feared aspect of benefiting a few at the cost of others. In this debate, now imagine another economy: the economy of the farmers or the economy of India’s largely poor. Inequality of income among the small and marginal farmers group, the semi- and medium and the large farmers group is stark. The lowest among the farmers groups in term of landholding earns the least. And India primarily consists of small and marginal farmers defined as having landholding below two hectares (Ha). India’s 85 per cent of landholdings are below 2 Ha. Let’s look at the income equality among various landholding groups. According to the Committee on Doubling of Farmers’ Income, the average annual earning of a small and marginal farmer household was Rs 79,779 in 2015-16. Now compare this with the earning of large farmers having a landholding above 10 Ha. Such farmers earned seven-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer, or to be specific Rs 605,393 each year. A medium and semi-medium farmer’s household earned Rs 201,083 or two-and-a-half times more than a small and marginal farmer’s household. It means 85 per cent of farmer households earn 9 per cent of total income while the rest earn 91 per cent. If you compare this with overall inequality in India, it is far high. “The initial promise of agrarian reforms was to distribute land to the landless and provide title of ownership to the cultivators. However, unfortunately, India’s agrarian reforms did not ensure egalitarianism in the agricultural community,” says the Dalwai Committee Report asking for agriculture policies to factor in this aspect while crafting ways to double farmers’ income by 2022 as promised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It means the “recovery phase” in agriculture with nearly 4 per cent growth in 2004-14 must have bypassed this marginalised majority among the farmers. It is not just among various landholding groups, there is a distinct variation in income level across states depending on level of agricultural growth.  According to a research paper by Sanjoy Chakravorty, S Chandrasekhar and Karthikeya Naraparaju for the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), monthly per capita income from cultivation was Rs 2,311 in Punjab while it was just Rs 250 in West Bengal. It is a nine-fold difference. More to it, “monthly expenditures exceeded income in three of the largest states in the country—West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar—and, correspondingly, the average income of households with less than one hectare of land was less than consumption”. Please click here to read more.