Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67efd04c13824-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
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-The Times of India
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&lt;em&gt;PATNA: &lt;/em&gt;Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep tubewells in different parts of the state, but they fail to cope up with the ever-increasing demand of the people for domestic and irrigational needs.
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Experts feel that assured availability of water for drinking, agriculture and industries are the key factors to determine the future economic scenario of the state. During the last six decades, there has been conspicuous growth in the use of groundwater and the credit, to a large extent, goes to the farmers&#039; own investment and spread of groundwater market. Even then, the stage of groundwater development is only 39 percent. And, groundwater meets only 65 per cent requirement of the gross irrigated area. Consequently, agricultural production has been adversely affected in many parts for want of irrigation, they say.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) regional director G K Roy says to enhance the irrigation potential, groundwater can safely be developed at least to the stage of 60 to 70 percent since groundwater irrigation is under the direct control of farmers and is amenable to precision agriculture.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The long-term analysis of water level does not reveal any lowering trend for any patch with significant aerial extent. However, it has been reported that the major urban areas of the state like Patna, Muzaffarpur, Ara, Gaya, and Bhagalpur are experiencing &#039;stress&#039; on the deep aquifer system because of over withdrawal of groundwater.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
CGWB scientist Rajiv Ranjan Shukla says the most important challenge for future irrigation in Bihar is its exploding population. By the year 2050, the population of the state is likely to cross 20 crore. Considering per capita per day requirement of 40 litres for rural areas, the projected demand for rural areas would be 3.782 billion cubic metres (BCM) for the year 2051 against 1.083 BCM for the year 2001, indicating an increase of 249 percent. Similarly, for the urban areas, considering the per capita per day requirement as 140 litres, the demand for water would increase from 0.443 BCM in 2001 to 1.560 BCM in 2051.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The total groundwater draft for drinking use in 2009 was 1.86 BCM which would increase to 5.34 BCM in 2051. Keeping drinking as the first priority and setting aside 5.34 BCM required for drinking in 2051, 12.21 BCM can be diverted for enhancing the irrigation potential. This volume of water can provide assured irrigation to 22.42 lakh hectares, especially during Rabi and Kharif seasons.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Another CGWB scientist S N Dwivedi cautioned that enhancement of groundwater extraction should not affect the water bodies that dot the north Bihar plains. Environmental auditing is warranted for seasonal and perennial water bodies like cutoffs, of-bow lakes and back swamps before undertaking any scheme of large-scale extraction of groundwater, he added.
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		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Times of India, 8 December, 2014, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Plenty-of-groundwater-not-enough-to-drink/articleshow/45420235.cms&#039;,
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-The Times of India


PATNA: Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Times of India&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;PATNA: &lt;/em&gt;Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep tubewells in different parts of the state, but they fail to cope up with the ever-increasing demand of the people for domestic and irrigational needs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Experts feel that assured availability of water for drinking, agriculture and industries are the key factors to determine the future economic scenario of the state. During the last six decades, there has been conspicuous growth in the use of groundwater and the credit, to a large extent, goes to the farmers&#039; own investment and spread of groundwater market. Even then, the stage of groundwater development is only 39 percent. And, groundwater meets only 65 per cent requirement of the gross irrigated area. Consequently, agricultural production has been adversely affected in many parts for want of irrigation, they say.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) regional director G K Roy says to enhance the irrigation potential, groundwater can safely be developed at least to the stage of 60 to 70 percent since groundwater irrigation is under the direct control of farmers and is amenable to precision agriculture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The long-term analysis of water level does not reveal any lowering trend for any patch with significant aerial extent. However, it has been reported that the major urban areas of the state like Patna, Muzaffarpur, Ara, Gaya, and Bhagalpur are experiencing &#039;stress&#039; on the deep aquifer system because of over withdrawal of groundwater.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;CGWB scientist Rajiv Ranjan Shukla says the most important challenge for future irrigation in Bihar is its exploding population. By the year 2050, the population of the state is likely to cross 20 crore. Considering per capita per day requirement of 40 litres for rural areas, the projected demand for rural areas would be 3.782 billion cubic metres (BCM) for the year 2051 against 1.083 BCM for the year 2001, indicating an increase of 249 percent. Similarly, for the urban areas, considering the per capita per day requirement as 140 litres, the demand for water would increase from 0.443 BCM in 2001 to 1.560 BCM in 2051.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The total groundwater draft for drinking use in 2009 was 1.86 BCM which would increase to 5.34 BCM in 2051. Keeping drinking as the first priority and setting aside 5.34 BCM required for drinking in 2051, 12.21 BCM can be diverted for enhancing the irrigation potential. This volume of water can provide assured irrigation to 22.42 lakh hectares, especially during Rabi and Kharif seasons.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Another CGWB scientist S N Dwivedi cautioned that enhancement of groundwater extraction should not affect the water bodies that dot the north Bihar plains. Environmental auditing is warranted for seasonal and perennial water bodies like cutoffs, of-bow lakes and back swamps before undertaking any scheme of large-scale extraction of groundwater, he added.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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&lt;em&gt;PATNA: &lt;/em&gt;Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep tubewells in different parts of the state, but they fail to cope up with the ever-increasing demand of the people for domestic and irrigational needs.
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Experts feel that assured availability of water for drinking, agriculture and industries are the key factors to determine the future economic scenario of the state. During the last six decades, there has been conspicuous growth in the use of groundwater and the credit, to a large extent, goes to the farmers&#039; own investment and spread of groundwater market. Even then, the stage of groundwater development is only 39 percent. And, groundwater meets only 65 per cent requirement of the gross irrigated area. Consequently, agricultural production has been adversely affected in many parts for want of irrigation, they say.
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Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) regional director G K Roy says to enhance the irrigation potential, groundwater can safely be developed at least to the stage of 60 to 70 percent since groundwater irrigation is under the direct control of farmers and is amenable to precision agriculture.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The long-term analysis of water level does not reveal any lowering trend for any patch with significant aerial extent. However, it has been reported that the major urban areas of the state like Patna, Muzaffarpur, Ara, Gaya, and Bhagalpur are experiencing &#039;stress&#039; on the deep aquifer system because of over withdrawal of groundwater.
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CGWB scientist Rajiv Ranjan Shukla says the most important challenge for future irrigation in Bihar is its exploding population. By the year 2050, the population of the state is likely to cross 20 crore. Considering per capita per day requirement of 40 litres for rural areas, the projected demand for rural areas would be 3.782 billion cubic metres (BCM) for the year 2051 against 1.083 BCM for the year 2001, indicating an increase of 249 percent. Similarly, for the urban areas, considering the per capita per day requirement as 140 litres, the demand for water would increase from 0.443 BCM in 2001 to 1.560 BCM in 2051.
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PATNA: Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep...&#039;
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                <strong>Plenty of groundwater, not enough to drink -BK Mishra</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Times of India</div><p align="justify"><em>PATNA: </em>Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep tubewells in different parts of the state, but they fail to cope up with the ever-increasing demand of the people for domestic and irrigational needs.</p><p align="justify">Experts feel that assured availability of water for drinking, agriculture and industries are the key factors to determine the future economic scenario of the state. During the last six decades, there has been conspicuous growth in the use of groundwater and the credit, to a large extent, goes to the farmers' own investment and spread of groundwater market. Even then, the stage of groundwater development is only 39 percent. And, groundwater meets only 65 per cent requirement of the gross irrigated area. Consequently, agricultural production has been adversely affected in many parts for want of irrigation, they say.</p><p align="justify">Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) regional director G K Roy says to enhance the irrigation potential, groundwater can safely be developed at least to the stage of 60 to 70 percent since groundwater irrigation is under the direct control of farmers and is amenable to precision agriculture.</p><p align="justify">The long-term analysis of water level does not reveal any lowering trend for any patch with significant aerial extent. However, it has been reported that the major urban areas of the state like Patna, Muzaffarpur, Ara, Gaya, and Bhagalpur are experiencing 'stress' on the deep aquifer system because of over withdrawal of groundwater.</p><p align="justify">CGWB scientist Rajiv Ranjan Shukla says the most important challenge for future irrigation in Bihar is its exploding population. By the year 2050, the population of the state is likely to cross 20 crore. Considering per capita per day requirement of 40 litres for rural areas, the projected demand for rural areas would be 3.782 billion cubic metres (BCM) for the year 2051 against 1.083 BCM for the year 2001, indicating an increase of 249 percent. Similarly, for the urban areas, considering the per capita per day requirement as 140 litres, the demand for water would increase from 0.443 BCM in 2001 to 1.560 BCM in 2051.</p><p align="justify">The total groundwater draft for drinking use in 2009 was 1.86 BCM which would increase to 5.34 BCM in 2051. Keeping drinking as the first priority and setting aside 5.34 BCM required for drinking in 2051, 12.21 BCM can be diverted for enhancing the irrigation potential. This volume of water can provide assured irrigation to 22.42 lakh hectares, especially during Rabi and Kharif seasons.</p><p align="justify">Another CGWB scientist S N Dwivedi cautioned that enhancement of groundwater extraction should not affect the water bodies that dot the north Bihar plains. Environmental auditing is warranted for seasonal and perennial water bodies like cutoffs, of-bow lakes and back swamps before undertaking any scheme of large-scale extraction of groundwater, he added.</p>               </font>
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-The Times of India
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&lt;em&gt;PATNA: &lt;/em&gt;Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep tubewells in different parts of the state, but they fail to cope up with the ever-increasing demand of the people for domestic and irrigational needs.
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Experts feel that assured availability of water for drinking, agriculture and industries are the key factors to determine the future economic scenario of the state. During the last six decades, there has been conspicuous growth in the use of groundwater and the credit, to a large extent, goes to the farmers&#039; own investment and spread of groundwater market. Even then, the stage of groundwater development is only 39 percent. And, groundwater meets only 65 per cent requirement of the gross irrigated area. Consequently, agricultural production has been adversely affected in many parts for want of irrigation, they say.
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Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) regional director G K Roy says to enhance the irrigation potential, groundwater can safely be developed at least to the stage of 60 to 70 percent since groundwater irrigation is under the direct control of farmers and is amenable to precision agriculture.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The long-term analysis of water level does not reveal any lowering trend for any patch with significant aerial extent. However, it has been reported that the major urban areas of the state like Patna, Muzaffarpur, Ara, Gaya, and Bhagalpur are experiencing &#039;stress&#039; on the deep aquifer system because of over withdrawal of groundwater.
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CGWB scientist Rajiv Ranjan Shukla says the most important challenge for future irrigation in Bihar is its exploding population. By the year 2050, the population of the state is likely to cross 20 crore. Considering per capita per day requirement of 40 litres for rural areas, the projected demand for rural areas would be 3.782 billion cubic metres (BCM) for the year 2051 against 1.083 BCM for the year 2001, indicating an increase of 249 percent. Similarly, for the urban areas, considering the per capita per day requirement as 140 litres, the demand for water would increase from 0.443 BCM in 2001 to 1.560 BCM in 2051.
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The total groundwater draft for drinking use in 2009 was 1.86 BCM which would increase to 5.34 BCM in 2051. Keeping drinking as the first priority and setting aside 5.34 BCM required for drinking in 2051, 12.21 BCM can be diverted for enhancing the irrigation potential. This volume of water can provide assured irrigation to 22.42 lakh hectares, especially during Rabi and Kharif seasons.
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Another CGWB scientist S N Dwivedi cautioned that enhancement of groundwater extraction should not affect the water bodies that dot the north Bihar plains. Environmental auditing is warranted for seasonal and perennial water bodies like cutoffs, of-bow lakes and back swamps before undertaking any scheme of large-scale extraction of groundwater, he added.
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PATNA: Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Times of India&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;PATNA: &lt;/em&gt;Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep tubewells in different parts of the state, but they fail to cope up with the ever-increasing demand of the people for domestic and irrigational needs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Experts feel that assured availability of water for drinking, agriculture and industries are the key factors to determine the future economic scenario of the state. During the last six decades, there has been conspicuous growth in the use of groundwater and the credit, to a large extent, goes to the farmers&#039; own investment and spread of groundwater market. Even then, the stage of groundwater development is only 39 percent. And, groundwater meets only 65 per cent requirement of the gross irrigated area. Consequently, agricultural production has been adversely affected in many parts for want of irrigation, they say.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) regional director G K Roy says to enhance the irrigation potential, groundwater can safely be developed at least to the stage of 60 to 70 percent since groundwater irrigation is under the direct control of farmers and is amenable to precision agriculture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The long-term analysis of water level does not reveal any lowering trend for any patch with significant aerial extent. However, it has been reported that the major urban areas of the state like Patna, Muzaffarpur, Ara, Gaya, and Bhagalpur are experiencing &#039;stress&#039; on the deep aquifer system because of over withdrawal of groundwater.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;CGWB scientist Rajiv Ranjan Shukla says the most important challenge for future irrigation in Bihar is its exploding population. By the year 2050, the population of the state is likely to cross 20 crore. Considering per capita per day requirement of 40 litres for rural areas, the projected demand for rural areas would be 3.782 billion cubic metres (BCM) for the year 2051 against 1.083 BCM for the year 2001, indicating an increase of 249 percent. Similarly, for the urban areas, considering the per capita per day requirement as 140 litres, the demand for water would increase from 0.443 BCM in 2001 to 1.560 BCM in 2051.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The total groundwater draft for drinking use in 2009 was 1.86 BCM which would increase to 5.34 BCM in 2051. Keeping drinking as the first priority and setting aside 5.34 BCM required for drinking in 2051, 12.21 BCM can be diverted for enhancing the irrigation potential. This volume of water can provide assured irrigation to 22.42 lakh hectares, especially during Rabi and Kharif seasons.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Another CGWB scientist S N Dwivedi cautioned that enhancement of groundwater extraction should not affect the water bodies that dot the north Bihar plains. Environmental auditing is warranted for seasonal and perennial water bodies like cutoffs, of-bow lakes and back swamps before undertaking any scheme of large-scale extraction of groundwater, he added.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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-The Times of India
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&lt;em&gt;PATNA: &lt;/em&gt;Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep tubewells in different parts of the state, but they fail to cope up with the ever-increasing demand of the people for domestic and irrigational needs.
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Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) regional director G K Roy says to enhance the irrigation potential, groundwater can safely be developed at least to the stage of 60 to 70 percent since groundwater irrigation is under the direct control of farmers and is amenable to precision agriculture.
&lt;/p&gt;
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The long-term analysis of water level does not reveal any lowering trend for any patch with significant aerial extent. However, it has been reported that the major urban areas of the state like Patna, Muzaffarpur, Ara, Gaya, and Bhagalpur are experiencing &#039;stress&#039; on the deep aquifer system because of over withdrawal of groundwater.
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CGWB scientist Rajiv Ranjan Shukla says the most important challenge for future irrigation in Bihar is its exploding population. By the year 2050, the population of the state is likely to cross 20 crore. Considering per capita per day requirement of 40 litres for rural areas, the projected demand for rural areas would be 3.782 billion cubic metres (BCM) for the year 2051 against 1.083 BCM for the year 2001, indicating an increase of 249 percent. Similarly, for the urban areas, considering the per capita per day requirement as 140 litres, the demand for water would increase from 0.443 BCM in 2001 to 1.560 BCM in 2051.
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-The Times of India


PATNA: Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep...&#039;
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-The Times of India


PATNA: Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep..."/>
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                <strong>Plenty of groundwater, not enough to drink -BK Mishra</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Times of India</div><p align="justify"><em>PATNA: </em>Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep tubewells in different parts of the state, but they fail to cope up with the ever-increasing demand of the people for domestic and irrigational needs.</p><p align="justify">Experts feel that assured availability of water for drinking, agriculture and industries are the key factors to determine the future economic scenario of the state. During the last six decades, there has been conspicuous growth in the use of groundwater and the credit, to a large extent, goes to the farmers' own investment and spread of groundwater market. Even then, the stage of groundwater development is only 39 percent. And, groundwater meets only 65 per cent requirement of the gross irrigated area. Consequently, agricultural production has been adversely affected in many parts for want of irrigation, they say.</p><p align="justify">Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) regional director G K Roy says to enhance the irrigation potential, groundwater can safely be developed at least to the stage of 60 to 70 percent since groundwater irrigation is under the direct control of farmers and is amenable to precision agriculture.</p><p align="justify">The long-term analysis of water level does not reveal any lowering trend for any patch with significant aerial extent. However, it has been reported that the major urban areas of the state like Patna, Muzaffarpur, Ara, Gaya, and Bhagalpur are experiencing 'stress' on the deep aquifer system because of over withdrawal of groundwater.</p><p align="justify">CGWB scientist Rajiv Ranjan Shukla says the most important challenge for future irrigation in Bihar is its exploding population. By the year 2050, the population of the state is likely to cross 20 crore. Considering per capita per day requirement of 40 litres for rural areas, the projected demand for rural areas would be 3.782 billion cubic metres (BCM) for the year 2051 against 1.083 BCM for the year 2001, indicating an increase of 249 percent. Similarly, for the urban areas, considering the per capita per day requirement as 140 litres, the demand for water would increase from 0.443 BCM in 2001 to 1.560 BCM in 2051.</p><p align="justify">The total groundwater draft for drinking use in 2009 was 1.86 BCM which would increase to 5.34 BCM in 2051. Keeping drinking as the first priority and setting aside 5.34 BCM required for drinking in 2051, 12.21 BCM can be diverted for enhancing the irrigation potential. This volume of water can provide assured irrigation to 22.42 lakh hectares, especially during Rabi and Kharif seasons.</p><p align="justify">Another CGWB scientist S N Dwivedi cautioned that enhancement of groundwater extraction should not affect the water bodies that dot the north Bihar plains. Environmental auditing is warranted for seasonal and perennial water bodies like cutoffs, of-bow lakes and back swamps before undertaking any scheme of large-scale extraction of groundwater, he added.</p>               </font>
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-The Times of India
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&lt;em&gt;PATNA: &lt;/em&gt;Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep tubewells in different parts of the state, but they fail to cope up with the ever-increasing demand of the people for domestic and irrigational needs.
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Experts feel that assured availability of water for drinking, agriculture and industries are the key factors to determine the future economic scenario of the state. During the last six decades, there has been conspicuous growth in the use of groundwater and the credit, to a large extent, goes to the farmers&#039; own investment and spread of groundwater market. Even then, the stage of groundwater development is only 39 percent. And, groundwater meets only 65 per cent requirement of the gross irrigated area. Consequently, agricultural production has been adversely affected in many parts for want of irrigation, they say.
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Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) regional director G K Roy says to enhance the irrigation potential, groundwater can safely be developed at least to the stage of 60 to 70 percent since groundwater irrigation is under the direct control of farmers and is amenable to precision agriculture.
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&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The long-term analysis of water level does not reveal any lowering trend for any patch with significant aerial extent. However, it has been reported that the major urban areas of the state like Patna, Muzaffarpur, Ara, Gaya, and Bhagalpur are experiencing &#039;stress&#039; on the deep aquifer system because of over withdrawal of groundwater.
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CGWB scientist Rajiv Ranjan Shukla says the most important challenge for future irrigation in Bihar is its exploding population. By the year 2050, the population of the state is likely to cross 20 crore. Considering per capita per day requirement of 40 litres for rural areas, the projected demand for rural areas would be 3.782 billion cubic metres (BCM) for the year 2051 against 1.083 BCM for the year 2001, indicating an increase of 249 percent. Similarly, for the urban areas, considering the per capita per day requirement as 140 litres, the demand for water would increase from 0.443 BCM in 2001 to 1.560 BCM in 2051.
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The total groundwater draft for drinking use in 2009 was 1.86 BCM which would increase to 5.34 BCM in 2051. Keeping drinking as the first priority and setting aside 5.34 BCM required for drinking in 2051, 12.21 BCM can be diverted for enhancing the irrigation potential. This volume of water can provide assured irrigation to 22.42 lakh hectares, especially during Rabi and Kharif seasons.
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Another CGWB scientist S N Dwivedi cautioned that enhancement of groundwater extraction should not affect the water bodies that dot the north Bihar plains. Environmental auditing is warranted for seasonal and perennial water bodies like cutoffs, of-bow lakes and back swamps before undertaking any scheme of large-scale extraction of groundwater, he added.
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-The Times of India


PATNA: Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Times of India&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;PATNA: &lt;/em&gt;Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep tubewells in different parts of the state, but they fail to cope up with the ever-increasing demand of the people for domestic and irrigational needs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Experts feel that assured availability of water for drinking, agriculture and industries are the key factors to determine the future economic scenario of the state. During the last six decades, there has been conspicuous growth in the use of groundwater and the credit, to a large extent, goes to the farmers&#039; own investment and spread of groundwater market. Even then, the stage of groundwater development is only 39 percent. And, groundwater meets only 65 per cent requirement of the gross irrigated area. Consequently, agricultural production has been adversely affected in many parts for want of irrigation, they say.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) regional director G K Roy says to enhance the irrigation potential, groundwater can safely be developed at least to the stage of 60 to 70 percent since groundwater irrigation is under the direct control of farmers and is amenable to precision agriculture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The long-term analysis of water level does not reveal any lowering trend for any patch with significant aerial extent. However, it has been reported that the major urban areas of the state like Patna, Muzaffarpur, Ara, Gaya, and Bhagalpur are experiencing &#039;stress&#039; on the deep aquifer system because of over withdrawal of groundwater.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;CGWB scientist Rajiv Ranjan Shukla says the most important challenge for future irrigation in Bihar is its exploding population. By the year 2050, the population of the state is likely to cross 20 crore. Considering per capita per day requirement of 40 litres for rural areas, the projected demand for rural areas would be 3.782 billion cubic metres (BCM) for the year 2051 against 1.083 BCM for the year 2001, indicating an increase of 249 percent. Similarly, for the urban areas, considering the per capita per day requirement as 140 litres, the demand for water would increase from 0.443 BCM in 2001 to 1.560 BCM in 2051.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The total groundwater draft for drinking use in 2009 was 1.86 BCM which would increase to 5.34 BCM in 2051. Keeping drinking as the first priority and setting aside 5.34 BCM required for drinking in 2051, 12.21 BCM can be diverted for enhancing the irrigation potential. This volume of water can provide assured irrigation to 22.42 lakh hectares, especially during Rabi and Kharif seasons.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Another CGWB scientist S N Dwivedi cautioned that enhancement of groundwater extraction should not affect the water bodies that dot the north Bihar plains. Environmental auditing is warranted for seasonal and perennial water bodies like cutoffs, of-bow lakes and back swamps before undertaking any scheme of large-scale extraction of groundwater, he added.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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-The Times of India
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&lt;em&gt;PATNA: &lt;/em&gt;Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep tubewells in different parts of the state, but they fail to cope up with the ever-increasing demand of the people for domestic and irrigational needs.
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Experts feel that assured availability of water for drinking, agriculture and industries are the key factors to determine the future economic scenario of the state. During the last six decades, there has been conspicuous growth in the use of groundwater and the credit, to a large extent, goes to the farmers&#039; own investment and spread of groundwater market. Even then, the stage of groundwater development is only 39 percent. And, groundwater meets only 65 per cent requirement of the gross irrigated area. Consequently, agricultural production has been adversely affected in many parts for want of irrigation, they say.
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Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) regional director G K Roy says to enhance the irrigation potential, groundwater can safely be developed at least to the stage of 60 to 70 percent since groundwater irrigation is under the direct control of farmers and is amenable to precision agriculture.
&lt;/p&gt;
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The long-term analysis of water level does not reveal any lowering trend for any patch with significant aerial extent. However, it has been reported that the major urban areas of the state like Patna, Muzaffarpur, Ara, Gaya, and Bhagalpur are experiencing &#039;stress&#039; on the deep aquifer system because of over withdrawal of groundwater.
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CGWB scientist Rajiv Ranjan Shukla says the most important challenge for future irrigation in Bihar is its exploding population. By the year 2050, the population of the state is likely to cross 20 crore. Considering per capita per day requirement of 40 litres for rural areas, the projected demand for rural areas would be 3.782 billion cubic metres (BCM) for the year 2051 against 1.083 BCM for the year 2001, indicating an increase of 249 percent. Similarly, for the urban areas, considering the per capita per day requirement as 140 litres, the demand for water would increase from 0.443 BCM in 2001 to 1.560 BCM in 2051.
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The total groundwater draft for drinking use in 2009 was 1.86 BCM which would increase to 5.34 BCM in 2051. Keeping drinking as the first priority and setting aside 5.34 BCM required for drinking in 2051, 12.21 BCM can be diverted for enhancing the irrigation potential. This volume of water can provide assured irrigation to 22.42 lakh hectares, especially during Rabi and Kharif seasons.
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Another CGWB scientist S N Dwivedi cautioned that enhancement of groundwater extraction should not affect the water bodies that dot the north Bihar plains. Environmental auditing is warranted for seasonal and perennial water bodies like cutoffs, of-bow lakes and back swamps before undertaking any scheme of large-scale extraction of groundwater, he added.
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PATNA: Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Times of India&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;PATNA: &lt;/em&gt;Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep tubewells in different parts of the state, but they fail to cope up with the ever-increasing demand of the people for domestic and irrigational needs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Experts feel that assured availability of water for drinking, agriculture and industries are the key factors to determine the future economic scenario of the state. During the last six decades, there has been conspicuous growth in the use of groundwater and the credit, to a large extent, goes to the farmers&#039; own investment and spread of groundwater market. Even then, the stage of groundwater development is only 39 percent. And, groundwater meets only 65 per cent requirement of the gross irrigated area. Consequently, agricultural production has been adversely affected in many parts for want of irrigation, they say.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) regional director G K Roy says to enhance the irrigation potential, groundwater can safely be developed at least to the stage of 60 to 70 percent since groundwater irrigation is under the direct control of farmers and is amenable to precision agriculture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The long-term analysis of water level does not reveal any lowering trend for any patch with significant aerial extent. However, it has been reported that the major urban areas of the state like Patna, Muzaffarpur, Ara, Gaya, and Bhagalpur are experiencing &#039;stress&#039; on the deep aquifer system because of over withdrawal of groundwater.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;CGWB scientist Rajiv Ranjan Shukla says the most important challenge for future irrigation in Bihar is its exploding population. By the year 2050, the population of the state is likely to cross 20 crore. Considering per capita per day requirement of 40 litres for rural areas, the projected demand for rural areas would be 3.782 billion cubic metres (BCM) for the year 2051 against 1.083 BCM for the year 2001, indicating an increase of 249 percent. Similarly, for the urban areas, considering the per capita per day requirement as 140 litres, the demand for water would increase from 0.443 BCM in 2001 to 1.560 BCM in 2051.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The total groundwater draft for drinking use in 2009 was 1.86 BCM which would increase to 5.34 BCM in 2051. Keeping drinking as the first priority and setting aside 5.34 BCM required for drinking in 2051, 12.21 BCM can be diverted for enhancing the irrigation potential. This volume of water can provide assured irrigation to 22.42 lakh hectares, especially during Rabi and Kharif seasons.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Another CGWB scientist S N Dwivedi cautioned that enhancement of groundwater extraction should not affect the water bodies that dot the north Bihar plains. Environmental auditing is warranted for seasonal and perennial water bodies like cutoffs, of-bow lakes and back swamps before undertaking any scheme of large-scale extraction of groundwater, he added.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;
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-The Times of India


PATNA: Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep..."/>
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                <strong>Plenty of groundwater, not enough to drink -BK Mishra</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Times of India</div><p align="justify"><em>PATNA: </em>Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep tubewells in different parts of the state, but they fail to cope up with the ever-increasing demand of the people for domestic and irrigational needs.</p><p align="justify">Experts feel that assured availability of water for drinking, agriculture and industries are the key factors to determine the future economic scenario of the state. During the last six decades, there has been conspicuous growth in the use of groundwater and the credit, to a large extent, goes to the farmers' own investment and spread of groundwater market. Even then, the stage of groundwater development is only 39 percent. And, groundwater meets only 65 per cent requirement of the gross irrigated area. Consequently, agricultural production has been adversely affected in many parts for want of irrigation, they say.</p><p align="justify">Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) regional director G K Roy says to enhance the irrigation potential, groundwater can safely be developed at least to the stage of 60 to 70 percent since groundwater irrigation is under the direct control of farmers and is amenable to precision agriculture.</p><p align="justify">The long-term analysis of water level does not reveal any lowering trend for any patch with significant aerial extent. However, it has been reported that the major urban areas of the state like Patna, Muzaffarpur, Ara, Gaya, and Bhagalpur are experiencing 'stress' on the deep aquifer system because of over withdrawal of groundwater.</p><p align="justify">CGWB scientist Rajiv Ranjan Shukla says the most important challenge for future irrigation in Bihar is its exploding population. By the year 2050, the population of the state is likely to cross 20 crore. Considering per capita per day requirement of 40 litres for rural areas, the projected demand for rural areas would be 3.782 billion cubic metres (BCM) for the year 2051 against 1.083 BCM for the year 2001, indicating an increase of 249 percent. Similarly, for the urban areas, considering the per capita per day requirement as 140 litres, the demand for water would increase from 0.443 BCM in 2001 to 1.560 BCM in 2051.</p><p align="justify">The total groundwater draft for drinking use in 2009 was 1.86 BCM which would increase to 5.34 BCM in 2051. Keeping drinking as the first priority and setting aside 5.34 BCM required for drinking in 2051, 12.21 BCM can be diverted for enhancing the irrigation potential. This volume of water can provide assured irrigation to 22.42 lakh hectares, especially during Rabi and Kharif seasons.</p><p align="justify">Another CGWB scientist S N Dwivedi cautioned that enhancement of groundwater extraction should not affect the water bodies that dot the north Bihar plains. Environmental auditing is warranted for seasonal and perennial water bodies like cutoffs, of-bow lakes and back swamps before undertaking any scheme of large-scale extraction of groundwater, he added.</p>               </font>
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-The Times of India
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<p align="justify">
<em>PATNA: </em>Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep tubewells in different parts of the state, but they fail to cope up with the ever-increasing demand of the people for domestic and irrigational needs.
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Experts feel that assured availability of water for drinking, agriculture and industries are the key factors to determine the future economic scenario of the state. During the last six decades, there has been conspicuous growth in the use of groundwater and the credit, to a large extent, goes to the farmers' own investment and spread of groundwater market. Even then, the stage of groundwater development is only 39 percent. And, groundwater meets only 65 per cent requirement of the gross irrigated area. Consequently, agricultural production has been adversely affected in many parts for want of irrigation, they say.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) regional director G K Roy says to enhance the irrigation potential, groundwater can safely be developed at least to the stage of 60 to 70 percent since groundwater irrigation is under the direct control of farmers and is amenable to precision agriculture.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The long-term analysis of water level does not reveal any lowering trend for any patch with significant aerial extent. However, it has been reported that the major urban areas of the state like Patna, Muzaffarpur, Ara, Gaya, and Bhagalpur are experiencing 'stress' on the deep aquifer system because of over withdrawal of groundwater.
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<p align="justify">
CGWB scientist Rajiv Ranjan Shukla says the most important challenge for future irrigation in Bihar is its exploding population. By the year 2050, the population of the state is likely to cross 20 crore. Considering per capita per day requirement of 40 litres for rural areas, the projected demand for rural areas would be 3.782 billion cubic metres (BCM) for the year 2051 against 1.083 BCM for the year 2001, indicating an increase of 249 percent. Similarly, for the urban areas, considering the per capita per day requirement as 140 litres, the demand for water would increase from 0.443 BCM in 2001 to 1.560 BCM in 2051.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The total groundwater draft for drinking use in 2009 was 1.86 BCM which would increase to 5.34 BCM in 2051. Keeping drinking as the first priority and setting aside 5.34 BCM required for drinking in 2051, 12.21 BCM can be diverted for enhancing the irrigation potential. This volume of water can provide assured irrigation to 22.42 lakh hectares, especially during Rabi and Kharif seasons.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Another CGWB scientist S N Dwivedi cautioned that enhancement of groundwater extraction should not affect the water bodies that dot the north Bihar plains. Environmental auditing is warranted for seasonal and perennial water bodies like cutoffs, of-bow lakes and back swamps before undertaking any scheme of large-scale extraction of groundwater, he added.
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-The Times of India
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<p align="justify">
<em>PATNA: </em>Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep tubewells in different parts of the state, but they fail to cope up with the ever-increasing demand of the people for domestic and irrigational needs.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Experts feel that assured availability of water for drinking, agriculture and industries are the key factors to determine the future economic scenario of the state. During the last six decades, there has been conspicuous growth in the use of groundwater and the credit, to a large extent, goes to the farmers' own investment and spread of groundwater market. Even then, the stage of groundwater development is only 39 percent. And, groundwater meets only 65 per cent requirement of the gross irrigated area. Consequently, agricultural production has been adversely affected in many parts for want of irrigation, they say.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) regional director G K Roy says to enhance the irrigation potential, groundwater can safely be developed at least to the stage of 60 to 70 percent since groundwater irrigation is under the direct control of farmers and is amenable to precision agriculture.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The long-term analysis of water level does not reveal any lowering trend for any patch with significant aerial extent. However, it has been reported that the major urban areas of the state like Patna, Muzaffarpur, Ara, Gaya, and Bhagalpur are experiencing 'stress' on the deep aquifer system because of over withdrawal of groundwater.
</p>
<p align="justify">
CGWB scientist Rajiv Ranjan Shukla says the most important challenge for future irrigation in Bihar is its exploding population. By the year 2050, the population of the state is likely to cross 20 crore. Considering per capita per day requirement of 40 litres for rural areas, the projected demand for rural areas would be 3.782 billion cubic metres (BCM) for the year 2051 against 1.083 BCM for the year 2001, indicating an increase of 249 percent. Similarly, for the urban areas, considering the per capita per day requirement as 140 litres, the demand for water would increase from 0.443 BCM in 2001 to 1.560 BCM in 2051.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The total groundwater draft for drinking use in 2009 was 1.86 BCM which would increase to 5.34 BCM in 2051. Keeping drinking as the first priority and setting aside 5.34 BCM required for drinking in 2051, 12.21 BCM can be diverted for enhancing the irrigation potential. This volume of water can provide assured irrigation to 22.42 lakh hectares, especially during Rabi and Kharif seasons.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Another CGWB scientist S N Dwivedi cautioned that enhancement of groundwater extraction should not affect the water bodies that dot the north Bihar plains. Environmental auditing is warranted for seasonal and perennial water bodies like cutoffs, of-bow lakes and back swamps before undertaking any scheme of large-scale extraction of groundwater, he added.
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-The Times of India


PATNA: Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-The Times of India</div><p align="justify"><em>PATNA: </em>Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep tubewells in different parts of the state, but they fail to cope up with the ever-increasing demand of the people for domestic and irrigational needs.</p><p align="justify">Experts feel that assured availability of water for drinking, agriculture and industries are the key factors to determine the future economic scenario of the state. During the last six decades, there has been conspicuous growth in the use of groundwater and the credit, to a large extent, goes to the farmers' own investment and spread of groundwater market. Even then, the stage of groundwater development is only 39 percent. And, groundwater meets only 65 per cent requirement of the gross irrigated area. Consequently, agricultural production has been adversely affected in many parts for want of irrigation, they say.</p><p align="justify">Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) regional director G K Roy says to enhance the irrigation potential, groundwater can safely be developed at least to the stage of 60 to 70 percent since groundwater irrigation is under the direct control of farmers and is amenable to precision agriculture.</p><p align="justify">The long-term analysis of water level does not reveal any lowering trend for any patch with significant aerial extent. However, it has been reported that the major urban areas of the state like Patna, Muzaffarpur, Ara, Gaya, and Bhagalpur are experiencing 'stress' on the deep aquifer system because of over withdrawal of groundwater.</p><p align="justify">CGWB scientist Rajiv Ranjan Shukla says the most important challenge for future irrigation in Bihar is its exploding population. By the year 2050, the population of the state is likely to cross 20 crore. Considering per capita per day requirement of 40 litres for rural areas, the projected demand for rural areas would be 3.782 billion cubic metres (BCM) for the year 2051 against 1.083 BCM for the year 2001, indicating an increase of 249 percent. Similarly, for the urban areas, considering the per capita per day requirement as 140 litres, the demand for water would increase from 0.443 BCM in 2001 to 1.560 BCM in 2051.</p><p align="justify">The total groundwater draft for drinking use in 2009 was 1.86 BCM which would increase to 5.34 BCM in 2051. Keeping drinking as the first priority and setting aside 5.34 BCM required for drinking in 2051, 12.21 BCM can be diverted for enhancing the irrigation potential. This volume of water can provide assured irrigation to 22.42 lakh hectares, especially during Rabi and Kharif seasons.</p><p align="justify">Another CGWB scientist S N Dwivedi cautioned that enhancement of groundwater extraction should not affect the water bodies that dot the north Bihar plains. Environmental auditing is warranted for seasonal and perennial water bodies like cutoffs, of-bow lakes and back swamps before undertaking any scheme of large-scale extraction of groundwater, he added.</p>'
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Plenty of groundwater, not enough to drink -BK Mishra

-The Times of India PATNA: Even as Bihar is endowed with substantial groundwater resources, a vast section of its population has no easy access to potable water. The government claims to have sunk more than 10 lakh shallow and 2000 deep tubewells in different parts of the state, but they fail to cope up with the ever-increasing demand of the people for domestic and irrigational needs. Experts feel that assured availability of water for drinking, agriculture and industries are the key factors to determine the future economic scenario of the state. During the last six decades, there has been conspicuous growth in the use of groundwater and the credit, to a large extent, goes to the farmers' own investment and spread of groundwater market. Even then, the stage of groundwater development is only 39 percent. And, groundwater meets only 65 per cent requirement of the gross irrigated area. Consequently, agricultural production has been adversely affected in many parts for want of irrigation, they say. Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) regional director G K Roy says to enhance the irrigation potential, groundwater can safely be developed at least to the stage of 60 to 70 percent since groundwater irrigation is under the direct control of farmers and is amenable to precision agriculture. The long-term analysis of water level does not reveal any lowering trend for any patch with significant aerial extent. However, it has been reported that the major urban areas of the state like Patna, Muzaffarpur, Ara, Gaya, and Bhagalpur are experiencing 'stress' on the deep aquifer system because of over withdrawal of groundwater. CGWB scientist Rajiv Ranjan Shukla says the most important challenge for future irrigation in Bihar is its exploding population. By the year 2050, the population of the state is likely to cross 20 crore. Considering per capita per day requirement of 40 litres for rural areas, the projected demand for rural areas would be 3.782 billion cubic metres (BCM) for the year 2051 against 1.083 BCM for the year 2001, indicating an increase of 249 percent. Similarly, for the urban areas, considering the per capita per day requirement as 140 litres, the demand for water would increase from 0.443 BCM in 2001 to 1.560 BCM in 2051. The total groundwater draft for drinking use in 2009 was 1.86 BCM which would increase to 5.34 BCM in 2051. Keeping drinking as the first priority and setting aside 5.34 BCM required for drinking in 2051, 12.21 BCM can be diverted for enhancing the irrigation potential. This volume of water can provide assured irrigation to 22.42 lakh hectares, especially during Rabi and Kharif seasons. Another CGWB scientist S N Dwivedi cautioned that enhancement of groundwater extraction should not affect the water bodies that dot the north Bihar plains. Environmental auditing is warranted for seasonal and perennial water bodies like cutoffs, of-bow lakes and back swamps before undertaking any scheme of large-scale extraction of groundwater, he added.