Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Justice Jeevan Reddy in the Mandal judgment held that &amp;ldquo;a backward class cannot be determined only and exclusively with reference to economic criterion. It may be a consideration or basis along with and in addition to social backwardness, but it can never be the sole criterion...&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The decision of the Union Cabinet to provide reservation of 10% for &amp;ldquo;economically weaker sections of the people who are not covered by any of the existing schemes of reservation&amp;rdquo; and to bring in amendments to Articles 15 and 16 for this purpose has to be examined from the point of view of social realities and Constitutional provisions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The social reality&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is a fact that there are poor individuals even among the Socially Advanced Castes (SACs), i.e., the non-Scheduled Castes (SCs), non-Scheduled Tribes (STs) and non-Socially and Educationally Backward Castes (SEdBCs). They too do need help. The issue is what is the specific problem they face, and what is the appropriate Constitutionally sustainable solution for it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Provisions of the Constitution&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The relevant Constitutional provisions stand on two legs, which are mutually supportive. On the one hand, there is the principle of Equality, which prohibits the State from discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them under Article 15(1), and guarantees &amp;ldquo;equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State&amp;rdquo; under Article 16(1), in addition to prohibition against discrimination against any citizen on the same grounds as in Article 15(1), specifically with respect to employment or appointment under the State.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/quota-for-poor-constitutional-and-social-issues-implications-5529290/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Justice Jeevan Reddy in the Mandal judgment held that &amp;ldquo;a backward class cannot be determined only and exclusively with reference to economic criterion. It may be a consideration or basis along with and in addition to social backwardness, but it can never be the sole criterion...&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The decision of the Union Cabinet to provide reservation of 10% for &amp;ldquo;economically weaker sections of the people who are not covered by any of the existing schemes of reservation&amp;rdquo; and to bring in amendments to Articles 15 and 16 for this purpose has to be examined from the point of view of social realities and Constitutional provisions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The social reality&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is a fact that there are poor individuals even among the Socially Advanced Castes (SACs), i.e., the non-Scheduled Castes (SCs), non-Scheduled Tribes (STs) and non-Socially and Educationally Backward Castes (SEdBCs). They too do need help. The issue is what is the specific problem they face, and what is the appropriate Constitutionally sustainable solution for it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Provisions of the Constitution&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The relevant Constitutional provisions stand on two legs, which are mutually supportive. On the one hand, there is the principle of Equality, which prohibits the State from discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them under Article 15(1), and guarantees &amp;ldquo;equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State&amp;rdquo; under Article 16(1), in addition to prohibition against discrimination against any citizen on the same grounds as in Article 15(1), specifically with respect to employment or appointment under the State.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The other leg is the special provisions, which under Article 15(4) empowers the State to &amp;ldquo;make any provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes&amp;rdquo;, and under Article 16(4) provides &amp;ldquo;for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens, which in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/quota-for-poor-constitutional-and-social-issues-implications-5529290/&quot; title=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/quota-for-poor-constitutional-and-social-issues-implications-5529290/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The decision of the Union Cabinet to provide reservation of 10% for &amp;ldquo;economically weaker sections of the people who are not covered by any of the existing schemes of reservation&amp;rdquo; and to bring in amendments to Articles 15 and 16 for this purpose has to be examined from the point of view of social realities and Constitutional provisions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The social reality&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Provisions of the Constitution&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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-The Indian Express

Justice Jeevan Reddy in the Mandal judgment held that &ldquo;a backward class cannot be determined only and exclusively with reference to economic criterion. It may be a consideration or basis along with and in addition to social backwardness,..."/>
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                <strong>Quota for poor: Constitutional and social issues, implications - PS Krishnan</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Justice Jeevan Reddy in the Mandal judgment held that &ldquo;a backward class cannot be determined only and exclusively with reference to economic criterion. It may be a consideration or basis along with and in addition to social backwardness, but it can never be the sole criterion...&rdquo; <br /></em><br />The decision of the Union Cabinet to provide reservation of 10% for &ldquo;economically weaker sections of the people who are not covered by any of the existing schemes of reservation&rdquo; and to bring in amendments to Articles 15 and 16 for this purpose has to be examined from the point of view of social realities and Constitutional provisions.<br /><em><br />The social reality</em><br /><br />It is a fact that there are poor individuals even among the Socially Advanced Castes (SACs), i.e., the non-Scheduled Castes (SCs), non-Scheduled Tribes (STs) and non-Socially and Educationally Backward Castes (SEdBCs). They too do need help. The issue is what is the specific problem they face, and what is the appropriate Constitutionally sustainable solution for it.<br /><em><br />Provisions of the Constitution</em><br /><br />The relevant Constitutional provisions stand on two legs, which are mutually supportive. On the one hand, there is the principle of Equality, which prohibits the State from discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them under Article 15(1), and guarantees &ldquo;equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State&rdquo; under Article 16(1), in addition to prohibition against discrimination against any citizen on the same grounds as in Article 15(1), specifically with respect to employment or appointment under the State.<br /><br />The other leg is the special provisions, which under Article 15(4) empowers the State to &ldquo;make any provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes&rdquo;, and under Article 16(4) provides &ldquo;for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens, which in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State&rdquo;.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/quota-for-poor-constitutional-and-social-issues-implications-5529290/" title="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/quota-for-poor-constitutional-and-social-issues-implications-5529290/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67efce6981951-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67efce6981951-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67efce6981951-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67efce6981951-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67efce6981951-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67efce6981951-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67efce6981951-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67efce6981951-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Justice Jeevan Reddy in the Mandal judgment held that &amp;ldquo;a backward class cannot be determined only and exclusively with reference to economic criterion. It may be a consideration or basis along with and in addition to social backwardness, but it can never be the sole criterion...&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The decision of the Union Cabinet to provide reservation of 10% for &amp;ldquo;economically weaker sections of the people who are not covered by any of the existing schemes of reservation&amp;rdquo; and to bring in amendments to Articles 15 and 16 for this purpose has to be examined from the point of view of social realities and Constitutional provisions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The social reality&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is a fact that there are poor individuals even among the Socially Advanced Castes (SACs), i.e., the non-Scheduled Castes (SCs), non-Scheduled Tribes (STs) and non-Socially and Educationally Backward Castes (SEdBCs). They too do need help. The issue is what is the specific problem they face, and what is the appropriate Constitutionally sustainable solution for it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Provisions of the Constitution&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The relevant Constitutional provisions stand on two legs, which are mutually supportive. On the one hand, there is the principle of Equality, which prohibits the State from discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them under Article 15(1), and guarantees &amp;ldquo;equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State&amp;rdquo; under Article 16(1), in addition to prohibition against discrimination against any citizen on the same grounds as in Article 15(1), specifically with respect to employment or appointment under the State.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/quota-for-poor-constitutional-and-social-issues-implications-5529290/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The social reality&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Provisions of the Constitution&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The relevant Constitutional provisions stand on two legs, which are mutually supportive. On the one hand, there is the principle of Equality, which prohibits the State from discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them under Article 15(1), and guarantees &amp;ldquo;equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State&amp;rdquo; under Article 16(1), in addition to prohibition against discrimination against any citizen on the same grounds as in Article 15(1), specifically with respect to employment or appointment under the State.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other leg is the special provisions, which under Article 15(4) empowers the State to &amp;ldquo;make any provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes&amp;rdquo;, and under Article 16(4) provides &amp;ldquo;for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens, which in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
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Justice Jeevan Reddy in the Mandal judgment held that &amp;ldquo;a backward class cannot be determined only and exclusively with reference to economic criterion. It may be a consideration or basis along with and in addition to social backwardness,...&#039;
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-The Indian Express

Justice Jeevan Reddy in the Mandal judgment held that &ldquo;a backward class cannot be determined only and exclusively with reference to economic criterion. It may be a consideration or basis along with and in addition to social backwardness,..."/>
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                <strong>Quota for poor: Constitutional and social issues, implications - PS Krishnan</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Justice Jeevan Reddy in the Mandal judgment held that &ldquo;a backward class cannot be determined only and exclusively with reference to economic criterion. It may be a consideration or basis along with and in addition to social backwardness, but it can never be the sole criterion...&rdquo; <br /></em><br />The decision of the Union Cabinet to provide reservation of 10% for &ldquo;economically weaker sections of the people who are not covered by any of the existing schemes of reservation&rdquo; and to bring in amendments to Articles 15 and 16 for this purpose has to be examined from the point of view of social realities and Constitutional provisions.<br /><em><br />The social reality</em><br /><br />It is a fact that there are poor individuals even among the Socially Advanced Castes (SACs), i.e., the non-Scheduled Castes (SCs), non-Scheduled Tribes (STs) and non-Socially and Educationally Backward Castes (SEdBCs). They too do need help. The issue is what is the specific problem they face, and what is the appropriate Constitutionally sustainable solution for it.<br /><em><br />Provisions of the Constitution</em><br /><br />The relevant Constitutional provisions stand on two legs, which are mutually supportive. On the one hand, there is the principle of Equality, which prohibits the State from discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them under Article 15(1), and guarantees &ldquo;equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State&rdquo; under Article 16(1), in addition to prohibition against discrimination against any citizen on the same grounds as in Article 15(1), specifically with respect to employment or appointment under the State.<br /><br />The other leg is the special provisions, which under Article 15(4) empowers the State to &ldquo;make any provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes&rdquo;, and under Article 16(4) provides &ldquo;for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens, which in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State&rdquo;.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/quota-for-poor-constitutional-and-social-issues-implications-5529290/" title="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/quota-for-poor-constitutional-and-social-issues-implications-5529290/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Justice Jeevan Reddy in the Mandal judgment held that &amp;ldquo;a backward class cannot be determined only and exclusively with reference to economic criterion. It may be a consideration or basis along with and in addition to social backwardness, but it can never be the sole criterion...&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The decision of the Union Cabinet to provide reservation of 10% for &amp;ldquo;economically weaker sections of the people who are not covered by any of the existing schemes of reservation&amp;rdquo; and to bring in amendments to Articles 15 and 16 for this purpose has to be examined from the point of view of social realities and Constitutional provisions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The social reality&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is a fact that there are poor individuals even among the Socially Advanced Castes (SACs), i.e., the non-Scheduled Castes (SCs), non-Scheduled Tribes (STs) and non-Socially and Educationally Backward Castes (SEdBCs). They too do need help. The issue is what is the specific problem they face, and what is the appropriate Constitutionally sustainable solution for it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Provisions of the Constitution&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The relevant Constitutional provisions stand on two legs, which are mutually supportive. On the one hand, there is the principle of Equality, which prohibits the State from discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them under Article 15(1), and guarantees &amp;ldquo;equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State&amp;rdquo; under Article 16(1), in addition to prohibition against discrimination against any citizen on the same grounds as in Article 15(1), specifically with respect to employment or appointment under the State.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/quota-for-poor-constitutional-and-social-issues-implications-5529290/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Justice Jeevan Reddy in the Mandal judgment held that &amp;ldquo;a backward class cannot be determined only and exclusively with reference to economic criterion. It may be a consideration or basis along with and in addition to social backwardness, but it can never be the sole criterion...&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The decision of the Union Cabinet to provide reservation of 10% for &amp;ldquo;economically weaker sections of the people who are not covered by any of the existing schemes of reservation&amp;rdquo; and to bring in amendments to Articles 15 and 16 for this purpose has to be examined from the point of view of social realities and Constitutional provisions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The social reality&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is a fact that there are poor individuals even among the Socially Advanced Castes (SACs), i.e., the non-Scheduled Castes (SCs), non-Scheduled Tribes (STs) and non-Socially and Educationally Backward Castes (SEdBCs). They too do need help. The issue is what is the specific problem they face, and what is the appropriate Constitutionally sustainable solution for it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Provisions of the Constitution&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The relevant Constitutional provisions stand on two legs, which are mutually supportive. On the one hand, there is the principle of Equality, which prohibits the State from discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them under Article 15(1), and guarantees &amp;ldquo;equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State&amp;rdquo; under Article 16(1), in addition to prohibition against discrimination against any citizen on the same grounds as in Article 15(1), specifically with respect to employment or appointment under the State.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The other leg is the special provisions, which under Article 15(4) empowers the State to &amp;ldquo;make any provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes&amp;rdquo;, and under Article 16(4) provides &amp;ldquo;for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens, which in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/quota-for-poor-constitutional-and-social-issues-implications-5529290/&quot; title=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/quota-for-poor-constitutional-and-social-issues-implications-5529290/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Justice Jeevan Reddy in the Mandal judgment held that &amp;ldquo;a backward class cannot be determined only and exclusively with reference to economic criterion. It may be a consideration or basis along with and in addition to social backwardness, but it can never be the sole criterion...&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The decision of the Union Cabinet to provide reservation of 10% for &amp;ldquo;economically weaker sections of the people who are not covered by any of the existing schemes of reservation&amp;rdquo; and to bring in amendments to Articles 15 and 16 for this purpose has to be examined from the point of view of social realities and Constitutional provisions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The social reality&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is a fact that there are poor individuals even among the Socially Advanced Castes (SACs), i.e., the non-Scheduled Castes (SCs), non-Scheduled Tribes (STs) and non-Socially and Educationally Backward Castes (SEdBCs). They too do need help. The issue is what is the specific problem they face, and what is the appropriate Constitutionally sustainable solution for it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Provisions of the Constitution&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The relevant Constitutional provisions stand on two legs, which are mutually supportive. On the one hand, there is the principle of Equality, which prohibits the State from discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them under Article 15(1), and guarantees &amp;ldquo;equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State&amp;rdquo; under Article 16(1), in addition to prohibition against discrimination against any citizen on the same grounds as in Article 15(1), specifically with respect to employment or appointment under the State.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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-The Indian Express

Justice Jeevan Reddy in the Mandal judgment held that &amp;ldquo;a backward class cannot be determined only and exclusively with reference to economic criterion. It may be a consideration or basis along with and in addition to social backwardness,...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Justice Jeevan Reddy in the Mandal judgment held that &amp;ldquo;a backward class cannot be determined only and exclusively with reference to economic criterion. It may be a consideration or basis along with and in addition to social backwardness, but it can never be the sole criterion...&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The decision of the Union Cabinet to provide reservation of 10% for &amp;ldquo;economically weaker sections of the people who are not covered by any of the existing schemes of reservation&amp;rdquo; and to bring in amendments to Articles 15 and 16 for this purpose has to be examined from the point of view of social realities and Constitutional provisions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The social reality&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is a fact that there are poor individuals even among the Socially Advanced Castes (SACs), i.e., the non-Scheduled Castes (SCs), non-Scheduled Tribes (STs) and non-Socially and Educationally Backward Castes (SEdBCs). They too do need help. The issue is what is the specific problem they face, and what is the appropriate Constitutionally sustainable solution for it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Provisions of the Constitution&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The relevant Constitutional provisions stand on two legs, which are mutually supportive. On the one hand, there is the principle of Equality, which prohibits the State from discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them under Article 15(1), and guarantees &amp;ldquo;equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State&amp;rdquo; under Article 16(1), in addition to prohibition against discrimination against any citizen on the same grounds as in Article 15(1), specifically with respect to employment or appointment under the State.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The other leg is the special provisions, which under Article 15(4) empowers the State to &amp;ldquo;make any provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes&amp;rdquo;, and under Article 16(4) provides &amp;ldquo;for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens, which in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/quota-for-poor-constitutional-and-social-issues-implications-5529290/&quot; title=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/quota-for-poor-constitutional-and-social-issues-implications-5529290/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-The Indian Express

Justice Jeevan Reddy in the Mandal judgment held that &ldquo;a backward class cannot be determined only and exclusively with reference to economic criterion. It may be a consideration or basis along with and in addition to social backwardness,..."/>
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                <strong>Quota for poor: Constitutional and social issues, implications - PS Krishnan</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Justice Jeevan Reddy in the Mandal judgment held that &ldquo;a backward class cannot be determined only and exclusively with reference to economic criterion. It may be a consideration or basis along with and in addition to social backwardness, but it can never be the sole criterion...&rdquo; <br /></em><br />The decision of the Union Cabinet to provide reservation of 10% for &ldquo;economically weaker sections of the people who are not covered by any of the existing schemes of reservation&rdquo; and to bring in amendments to Articles 15 and 16 for this purpose has to be examined from the point of view of social realities and Constitutional provisions.<br /><em><br />The social reality</em><br /><br />It is a fact that there are poor individuals even among the Socially Advanced Castes (SACs), i.e., the non-Scheduled Castes (SCs), non-Scheduled Tribes (STs) and non-Socially and Educationally Backward Castes (SEdBCs). They too do need help. The issue is what is the specific problem they face, and what is the appropriate Constitutionally sustainable solution for it.<br /><em><br />Provisions of the Constitution</em><br /><br />The relevant Constitutional provisions stand on two legs, which are mutually supportive. On the one hand, there is the principle of Equality, which prohibits the State from discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them under Article 15(1), and guarantees &ldquo;equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State&rdquo; under Article 16(1), in addition to prohibition against discrimination against any citizen on the same grounds as in Article 15(1), specifically with respect to employment or appointment under the State.<br /><br />The other leg is the special provisions, which under Article 15(4) empowers the State to &ldquo;make any provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes&rdquo;, and under Article 16(4) provides &ldquo;for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens, which in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State&rdquo;.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/quota-for-poor-constitutional-and-social-issues-implications-5529290/" title="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/quota-for-poor-constitutional-and-social-issues-implications-5529290/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Indian Express<br />
<br />
<em>Justice Jeevan Reddy in the Mandal judgment held that &ldquo;a backward class cannot be determined only and exclusively with reference to economic criterion. It may be a consideration or basis along with and in addition to social backwardness, but it can never be the sole criterion...&rdquo; <br />
</em><br />
The decision of the Union Cabinet to provide reservation of 10% for &ldquo;economically weaker sections of the people who are not covered by any of the existing schemes of reservation&rdquo; and to bring in amendments to Articles 15 and 16 for this purpose has to be examined from the point of view of social realities and Constitutional provisions.<br />
<em><br />
The social reality</em><br />
<br />
It is a fact that there are poor individuals even among the Socially Advanced Castes (SACs), i.e., the non-Scheduled Castes (SCs), non-Scheduled Tribes (STs) and non-Socially and Educationally Backward Castes (SEdBCs). They too do need help. The issue is what is the specific problem they face, and what is the appropriate Constitutionally sustainable solution for it.<br />
<em><br />
Provisions of the Constitution</em><br />
<br />
The relevant Constitutional provisions stand on two legs, which are mutually supportive. On the one hand, there is the principle of Equality, which prohibits the State from discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them under Article 15(1), and guarantees &ldquo;equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State&rdquo; under Article 16(1), in addition to prohibition against discrimination against any citizen on the same grounds as in Article 15(1), specifically with respect to employment or appointment under the State.<br />
<br />
The other leg is the special provisions, which under Article 15(4) empowers the State to &ldquo;make any provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes&rdquo;, and under Article 16(4) provides &ldquo;for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens, which in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State&rdquo;.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/quota-for-poor-constitutional-and-social-issues-implications-5529290/">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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Justice Jeevan Reddy in the Mandal judgment held that &ldquo;a backward class cannot be determined only and exclusively with reference to economic criterion. It may be a consideration or basis along with and in addition to social backwardness,...',
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-The Indian Express<br />
<br />
<em>Justice Jeevan Reddy in the Mandal judgment held that &ldquo;a backward class cannot be determined only and exclusively with reference to economic criterion. It may be a consideration or basis along with and in addition to social backwardness, but it can never be the sole criterion...&rdquo; <br />
</em><br />
The decision of the Union Cabinet to provide reservation of 10% for &ldquo;economically weaker sections of the people who are not covered by any of the existing schemes of reservation&rdquo; and to bring in amendments to Articles 15 and 16 for this purpose has to be examined from the point of view of social realities and Constitutional provisions.<br />
<em><br />
The social reality</em><br />
<br />
It is a fact that there are poor individuals even among the Socially Advanced Castes (SACs), i.e., the non-Scheduled Castes (SCs), non-Scheduled Tribes (STs) and non-Socially and Educationally Backward Castes (SEdBCs). They too do need help. The issue is what is the specific problem they face, and what is the appropriate Constitutionally sustainable solution for it.<br />
<em><br />
Provisions of the Constitution</em><br />
<br />
The relevant Constitutional provisions stand on two legs, which are mutually supportive. On the one hand, there is the principle of Equality, which prohibits the State from discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them under Article 15(1), and guarantees &ldquo;equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State&rdquo; under Article 16(1), in addition to prohibition against discrimination against any citizen on the same grounds as in Article 15(1), specifically with respect to employment or appointment under the State.<br />
<br />
The other leg is the special provisions, which under Article 15(4) empowers the State to &ldquo;make any provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes&rdquo;, and under Article 16(4) provides &ldquo;for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens, which in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State&rdquo;.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/quota-for-poor-constitutional-and-social-issues-implications-5529290/">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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-The Indian Express

Justice Jeevan Reddy in the Mandal judgment held that &ldquo;a backward class cannot be determined only and exclusively with reference to economic criterion. It may be a consideration or basis along with and in addition to social backwardness,...'
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Quota for poor: Constitutional and social issues, implications - PS Krishnan

-The Indian Express Justice Jeevan Reddy in the Mandal judgment held that “a backward class cannot be determined only and exclusively with reference to economic criterion. It may be a consideration or basis along with and in addition to social backwardness, but it can never be the sole criterion...” The decision of the Union Cabinet to provide reservation of 10% for “economically weaker sections of the people who are not covered by any of the existing schemes of reservation” and to bring in amendments to Articles 15 and 16 for this purpose has to be examined from the point of view of social realities and Constitutional provisions. The social reality It is a fact that there are poor individuals even among the Socially Advanced Castes (SACs), i.e., the non-Scheduled Castes (SCs), non-Scheduled Tribes (STs) and non-Socially and Educationally Backward Castes (SEdBCs). They too do need help. The issue is what is the specific problem they face, and what is the appropriate Constitutionally sustainable solution for it. Provisions of the Constitution The relevant Constitutional provisions stand on two legs, which are mutually supportive. On the one hand, there is the principle of Equality, which prohibits the State from discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them under Article 15(1), and guarantees “equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State” under Article 16(1), in addition to prohibition against discrimination against any citizen on the same grounds as in Article 15(1), specifically with respect to employment or appointment under the State. The other leg is the special provisions, which under Article 15(4) empowers the State to “make any provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes”, and under Article 16(4) provides “for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens, which in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State”. Please click here to read more.