Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

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</span></span></code>
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-The Hindu Business Line&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Informal networks play a key role in building a trust mechanism that dispels the fear in rebels to quit insurgency groups&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
How do rebels quit armed groups and return to the same political processes they had once sought to overthrow? A lot has been written on why men and women rebel. But we know very little about why and how rebels quit. This is, however, a predominant concern among policy-makers now, from Nepal to Colombia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In my forthcoming book, I examine this question in the context of the ongoing Maoist insurgency in India. Data show that between 2005 and 2012, 781 rebels quit the Maoist insurgency in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. By contrast, only 54 rebels in Jharkhand and 39 in West Bengal quit the same insurgent group during the same period.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Moreover, rebel retirement is concentrated in certain districts and not others. For example, retirement in Telangana is very high in Warangal and Khammam districts. Similarly, in Jharkhand it is concentrated in Ranchi and Khunti districts and not others. Factors like policing, development, industrialisation, or insurgent organisation are frequently used to explain why rebels quitting hardly varies between adjacent districts. A negative binomial regression also refutes these conventional explanations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Instead, membership in civic associations (data obtained from the Indian Human Development Survey) turns out statistically significant in explaining variation in rebel retirement. But what are the causal mechanisms that relate grassroots associational life to rebel retirement?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The term &amp;ldquo;retirement&amp;rdquo; was born in the conflict zones of North and South India in 2013-14. The term captures the protracted process of rebel exit better than &amp;ldquo;surrender&amp;rdquo; that focusses on the act of relinquishing arms while obfuscating the prolonged bargaining that precedes it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
My central finding is that rebels retire through informal exit networks that grow in the shadow of civic associations in the state-insurgency interface. A lot of Maoists quit in the South due to the emergence of what I call &amp;ldquo;harmonic&amp;rdquo; exit networks that weave together multiple stakeholders in an amalgam of roles and alliances to build momentum for exit and manage a myriad of uncertainties of reintegration. By contrast, retirement is very low in the North due to the development of a &amp;ldquo;discordant&amp;rdquo; exit network that exacerbates mistrust and fear among key players, deterring retirement significantly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/rebel-retirement-the-ground-reality/article23660859.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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Informal networks play a key role in building a trust mechanism that dispels the fear in rebels to quit insurgency groups

How do rebels quit armed groups and return to the same political processes they had once sought...&#039;,
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Informal networks play a key role in building a trust mechanism that dispels the fear in rebels to quit insurgency groups&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
How do rebels quit armed groups and return to the same political processes they had once sought to overthrow? A lot has been written on why men and women rebel. But we know very little about why and how rebels quit. This is, however, a predominant concern among policy-makers now, from Nepal to Colombia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In my forthcoming book, I examine this question in the context of the ongoing Maoist insurgency in India. Data show that between 2005 and 2012, 781 rebels quit the Maoist insurgency in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. By contrast, only 54 rebels in Jharkhand and 39 in West Bengal quit the same insurgent group during the same period.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Moreover, rebel retirement is concentrated in certain districts and not others. For example, retirement in Telangana is very high in Warangal and Khammam districts. Similarly, in Jharkhand it is concentrated in Ranchi and Khunti districts and not others. Factors like policing, development, industrialisation, or insurgent organisation are frequently used to explain why rebels quitting hardly varies between adjacent districts. A negative binomial regression also refutes these conventional explanations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Instead, membership in civic associations (data obtained from the Indian Human Development Survey) turns out statistically significant in explaining variation in rebel retirement. But what are the causal mechanisms that relate grassroots associational life to rebel retirement?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The term &amp;ldquo;retirement&amp;rdquo; was born in the conflict zones of North and South India in 2013-14. The term captures the protracted process of rebel exit better than &amp;ldquo;surrender&amp;rdquo; that focusses on the act of relinquishing arms while obfuscating the prolonged bargaining that precedes it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
My central finding is that rebels retire through informal exit networks that grow in the shadow of civic associations in the state-insurgency interface. A lot of Maoists quit in the South due to the emergence of what I call &amp;ldquo;harmonic&amp;rdquo; exit networks that weave together multiple stakeholders in an amalgam of roles and alliances to build momentum for exit and manage a myriad of uncertainties of reintegration. By contrast, retirement is very low in the North due to the development of a &amp;ldquo;discordant&amp;rdquo; exit network that exacerbates mistrust and fear among key players, deterring retirement significantly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/rebel-retirement-the-ground-reality/article23660859.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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Informal networks play a key role in building a trust mechanism that dispels the fear in rebels to quit insurgency groups

How do rebels quit armed groups and return to the same political processes they had once sought...&#039;
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Informal networks play a key role in building a trust mechanism that dispels the fear in rebels to quit insurgency groups

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                <strong>Rebel &#039;retirement&#039; -- the ground reality -Rumela Sen</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Hindu Business Line<br /><br /><em>Informal networks play a key role in building a trust mechanism that dispels the fear in rebels to quit insurgency groups<br /></em><br />How do rebels quit armed groups and return to the same political processes they had once sought to overthrow? A lot has been written on why men and women rebel. But we know very little about why and how rebels quit. This is, however, a predominant concern among policy-makers now, from Nepal to Colombia.<br /><br />In my forthcoming book, I examine this question in the context of the ongoing Maoist insurgency in India. Data show that between 2005 and 2012, 781 rebels quit the Maoist insurgency in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. By contrast, only 54 rebels in Jharkhand and 39 in West Bengal quit the same insurgent group during the same period.<br /><br />Moreover, rebel retirement is concentrated in certain districts and not others. For example, retirement in Telangana is very high in Warangal and Khammam districts. Similarly, in Jharkhand it is concentrated in Ranchi and Khunti districts and not others. Factors like policing, development, industrialisation, or insurgent organisation are frequently used to explain why rebels quitting hardly varies between adjacent districts. A negative binomial regression also refutes these conventional explanations.<br /><br />Instead, membership in civic associations (data obtained from the Indian Human Development Survey) turns out statistically significant in explaining variation in rebel retirement. But what are the causal mechanisms that relate grassroots associational life to rebel retirement?<br /><br />The term &ldquo;retirement&rdquo; was born in the conflict zones of North and South India in 2013-14. The term captures the protracted process of rebel exit better than &ldquo;surrender&rdquo; that focusses on the act of relinquishing arms while obfuscating the prolonged bargaining that precedes it.<br /><br />My central finding is that rebels retire through informal exit networks that grow in the shadow of civic associations in the state-insurgency interface. A lot of Maoists quit in the South due to the emergence of what I call &ldquo;harmonic&rdquo; exit networks that weave together multiple stakeholders in an amalgam of roles and alliances to build momentum for exit and manage a myriad of uncertainties of reintegration. By contrast, retirement is very low in the North due to the development of a &ldquo;discordant&rdquo; exit network that exacerbates mistrust and fear among key players, deterring retirement significantly.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/rebel-retirement-the-ground-reality/article23660859.ece?homepage=true" title="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/rebel-retirement-the-ground-reality/article23660859.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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</span></span></code>
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<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
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-The Hindu Business Line&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Informal networks play a key role in building a trust mechanism that dispels the fear in rebels to quit insurgency groups&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
How do rebels quit armed groups and return to the same political processes they had once sought to overthrow? A lot has been written on why men and women rebel. But we know very little about why and how rebels quit. This is, however, a predominant concern among policy-makers now, from Nepal to Colombia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In my forthcoming book, I examine this question in the context of the ongoing Maoist insurgency in India. Data show that between 2005 and 2012, 781 rebels quit the Maoist insurgency in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. By contrast, only 54 rebels in Jharkhand and 39 in West Bengal quit the same insurgent group during the same period.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Moreover, rebel retirement is concentrated in certain districts and not others. For example, retirement in Telangana is very high in Warangal and Khammam districts. Similarly, in Jharkhand it is concentrated in Ranchi and Khunti districts and not others. Factors like policing, development, industrialisation, or insurgent organisation are frequently used to explain why rebels quitting hardly varies between adjacent districts. A negative binomial regression also refutes these conventional explanations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Instead, membership in civic associations (data obtained from the Indian Human Development Survey) turns out statistically significant in explaining variation in rebel retirement. But what are the causal mechanisms that relate grassroots associational life to rebel retirement?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The term &amp;ldquo;retirement&amp;rdquo; was born in the conflict zones of North and South India in 2013-14. The term captures the protracted process of rebel exit better than &amp;ldquo;surrender&amp;rdquo; that focusses on the act of relinquishing arms while obfuscating the prolonged bargaining that precedes it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
My central finding is that rebels retire through informal exit networks that grow in the shadow of civic associations in the state-insurgency interface. A lot of Maoists quit in the South due to the emergence of what I call &amp;ldquo;harmonic&amp;rdquo; exit networks that weave together multiple stakeholders in an amalgam of roles and alliances to build momentum for exit and manage a myriad of uncertainties of reintegration. By contrast, retirement is very low in the North due to the development of a &amp;ldquo;discordant&amp;rdquo; exit network that exacerbates mistrust and fear among key players, deterring retirement significantly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/rebel-retirement-the-ground-reality/article23660859.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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Informal networks play a key role in building a trust mechanism that dispels the fear in rebels to quit insurgency groups

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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Informal networks play a key role in building a trust mechanism that dispels the fear in rebels to quit insurgency groups&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
How do rebels quit armed groups and return to the same political processes they had once sought to overthrow? A lot has been written on why men and women rebel. But we know very little about why and how rebels quit. This is, however, a predominant concern among policy-makers now, from Nepal to Colombia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In my forthcoming book, I examine this question in the context of the ongoing Maoist insurgency in India. Data show that between 2005 and 2012, 781 rebels quit the Maoist insurgency in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. By contrast, only 54 rebels in Jharkhand and 39 in West Bengal quit the same insurgent group during the same period.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Moreover, rebel retirement is concentrated in certain districts and not others. For example, retirement in Telangana is very high in Warangal and Khammam districts. Similarly, in Jharkhand it is concentrated in Ranchi and Khunti districts and not others. Factors like policing, development, industrialisation, or insurgent organisation are frequently used to explain why rebels quitting hardly varies between adjacent districts. A negative binomial regression also refutes these conventional explanations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Instead, membership in civic associations (data obtained from the Indian Human Development Survey) turns out statistically significant in explaining variation in rebel retirement. But what are the causal mechanisms that relate grassroots associational life to rebel retirement?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The term &amp;ldquo;retirement&amp;rdquo; was born in the conflict zones of North and South India in 2013-14. The term captures the protracted process of rebel exit better than &amp;ldquo;surrender&amp;rdquo; that focusses on the act of relinquishing arms while obfuscating the prolonged bargaining that precedes it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
My central finding is that rebels retire through informal exit networks that grow in the shadow of civic associations in the state-insurgency interface. A lot of Maoists quit in the South due to the emergence of what I call &amp;ldquo;harmonic&amp;rdquo; exit networks that weave together multiple stakeholders in an amalgam of roles and alliances to build momentum for exit and manage a myriad of uncertainties of reintegration. By contrast, retirement is very low in the North due to the development of a &amp;ldquo;discordant&amp;rdquo; exit network that exacerbates mistrust and fear among key players, deterring retirement significantly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/rebel-retirement-the-ground-reality/article23660859.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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Informal networks play a key role in building a trust mechanism that dispels the fear in rebels to quit insurgency groups

How do rebels quit armed groups and return to the same political processes they had once sought...&#039;
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Informal networks play a key role in building a trust mechanism that dispels the fear in rebels to quit insurgency groups

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                <strong>Rebel &#039;retirement&#039; -- the ground reality -Rumela Sen</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Hindu Business Line<br /><br /><em>Informal networks play a key role in building a trust mechanism that dispels the fear in rebels to quit insurgency groups<br /></em><br />How do rebels quit armed groups and return to the same political processes they had once sought to overthrow? A lot has been written on why men and women rebel. But we know very little about why and how rebels quit. This is, however, a predominant concern among policy-makers now, from Nepal to Colombia.<br /><br />In my forthcoming book, I examine this question in the context of the ongoing Maoist insurgency in India. Data show that between 2005 and 2012, 781 rebels quit the Maoist insurgency in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. By contrast, only 54 rebels in Jharkhand and 39 in West Bengal quit the same insurgent group during the same period.<br /><br />Moreover, rebel retirement is concentrated in certain districts and not others. For example, retirement in Telangana is very high in Warangal and Khammam districts. Similarly, in Jharkhand it is concentrated in Ranchi and Khunti districts and not others. Factors like policing, development, industrialisation, or insurgent organisation are frequently used to explain why rebels quitting hardly varies between adjacent districts. A negative binomial regression also refutes these conventional explanations.<br /><br />Instead, membership in civic associations (data obtained from the Indian Human Development Survey) turns out statistically significant in explaining variation in rebel retirement. But what are the causal mechanisms that relate grassroots associational life to rebel retirement?<br /><br />The term &ldquo;retirement&rdquo; was born in the conflict zones of North and South India in 2013-14. The term captures the protracted process of rebel exit better than &ldquo;surrender&rdquo; that focusses on the act of relinquishing arms while obfuscating the prolonged bargaining that precedes it.<br /><br />My central finding is that rebels retire through informal exit networks that grow in the shadow of civic associations in the state-insurgency interface. A lot of Maoists quit in the South due to the emergence of what I call &ldquo;harmonic&rdquo; exit networks that weave together multiple stakeholders in an amalgam of roles and alliances to build momentum for exit and manage a myriad of uncertainties of reintegration. By contrast, retirement is very low in the North due to the development of a &ldquo;discordant&rdquo; exit network that exacerbates mistrust and fear among key players, deterring retirement significantly.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/rebel-retirement-the-ground-reality/article23660859.ece?homepage=true" title="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/rebel-retirement-the-ground-reality/article23660859.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Hindu Business Line&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Informal networks play a key role in building a trust mechanism that dispels the fear in rebels to quit insurgency groups&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
How do rebels quit armed groups and return to the same political processes they had once sought to overthrow? A lot has been written on why men and women rebel. But we know very little about why and how rebels quit. This is, however, a predominant concern among policy-makers now, from Nepal to Colombia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In my forthcoming book, I examine this question in the context of the ongoing Maoist insurgency in India. Data show that between 2005 and 2012, 781 rebels quit the Maoist insurgency in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. By contrast, only 54 rebels in Jharkhand and 39 in West Bengal quit the same insurgent group during the same period.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Moreover, rebel retirement is concentrated in certain districts and not others. For example, retirement in Telangana is very high in Warangal and Khammam districts. Similarly, in Jharkhand it is concentrated in Ranchi and Khunti districts and not others. Factors like policing, development, industrialisation, or insurgent organisation are frequently used to explain why rebels quitting hardly varies between adjacent districts. A negative binomial regression also refutes these conventional explanations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Instead, membership in civic associations (data obtained from the Indian Human Development Survey) turns out statistically significant in explaining variation in rebel retirement. But what are the causal mechanisms that relate grassroots associational life to rebel retirement?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The term &amp;ldquo;retirement&amp;rdquo; was born in the conflict zones of North and South India in 2013-14. The term captures the protracted process of rebel exit better than &amp;ldquo;surrender&amp;rdquo; that focusses on the act of relinquishing arms while obfuscating the prolonged bargaining that precedes it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
My central finding is that rebels retire through informal exit networks that grow in the shadow of civic associations in the state-insurgency interface. A lot of Maoists quit in the South due to the emergence of what I call &amp;ldquo;harmonic&amp;rdquo; exit networks that weave together multiple stakeholders in an amalgam of roles and alliances to build momentum for exit and manage a myriad of uncertainties of reintegration. By contrast, retirement is very low in the North due to the development of a &amp;ldquo;discordant&amp;rdquo; exit network that exacerbates mistrust and fear among key players, deterring retirement significantly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/rebel-retirement-the-ground-reality/article23660859.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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Informal networks play a key role in building a trust mechanism that dispels the fear in rebels to quit insurgency groups

How do rebels quit armed groups and return to the same political processes they had once sought...&#039;,
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Informal networks play a key role in building a trust mechanism that dispels the fear in rebels to quit insurgency groups&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
How do rebels quit armed groups and return to the same political processes they had once sought to overthrow? A lot has been written on why men and women rebel. But we know very little about why and how rebels quit. This is, however, a predominant concern among policy-makers now, from Nepal to Colombia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In my forthcoming book, I examine this question in the context of the ongoing Maoist insurgency in India. Data show that between 2005 and 2012, 781 rebels quit the Maoist insurgency in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. By contrast, only 54 rebels in Jharkhand and 39 in West Bengal quit the same insurgent group during the same period.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Moreover, rebel retirement is concentrated in certain districts and not others. For example, retirement in Telangana is very high in Warangal and Khammam districts. Similarly, in Jharkhand it is concentrated in Ranchi and Khunti districts and not others. Factors like policing, development, industrialisation, or insurgent organisation are frequently used to explain why rebels quitting hardly varies between adjacent districts. A negative binomial regression also refutes these conventional explanations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Instead, membership in civic associations (data obtained from the Indian Human Development Survey) turns out statistically significant in explaining variation in rebel retirement. But what are the causal mechanisms that relate grassroots associational life to rebel retirement?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The term &amp;ldquo;retirement&amp;rdquo; was born in the conflict zones of North and South India in 2013-14. The term captures the protracted process of rebel exit better than &amp;ldquo;surrender&amp;rdquo; that focusses on the act of relinquishing arms while obfuscating the prolonged bargaining that precedes it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
My central finding is that rebels retire through informal exit networks that grow in the shadow of civic associations in the state-insurgency interface. A lot of Maoists quit in the South due to the emergence of what I call &amp;ldquo;harmonic&amp;rdquo; exit networks that weave together multiple stakeholders in an amalgam of roles and alliances to build momentum for exit and manage a myriad of uncertainties of reintegration. By contrast, retirement is very low in the North due to the development of a &amp;ldquo;discordant&amp;rdquo; exit network that exacerbates mistrust and fear among key players, deterring retirement significantly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/rebel-retirement-the-ground-reality/article23660859.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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Informal networks play a key role in building a trust mechanism that dispels the fear in rebels to quit insurgency groups

How do rebels quit armed groups and return to the same political processes they had once sought...&#039;
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                <strong>Rebel &#039;retirement&#039; -- the ground reality -Rumela Sen</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Hindu Business Line<br /><br /><em>Informal networks play a key role in building a trust mechanism that dispels the fear in rebels to quit insurgency groups<br /></em><br />How do rebels quit armed groups and return to the same political processes they had once sought to overthrow? A lot has been written on why men and women rebel. But we know very little about why and how rebels quit. This is, however, a predominant concern among policy-makers now, from Nepal to Colombia.<br /><br />In my forthcoming book, I examine this question in the context of the ongoing Maoist insurgency in India. Data show that between 2005 and 2012, 781 rebels quit the Maoist insurgency in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. By contrast, only 54 rebels in Jharkhand and 39 in West Bengal quit the same insurgent group during the same period.<br /><br />Moreover, rebel retirement is concentrated in certain districts and not others. For example, retirement in Telangana is very high in Warangal and Khammam districts. Similarly, in Jharkhand it is concentrated in Ranchi and Khunti districts and not others. Factors like policing, development, industrialisation, or insurgent organisation are frequently used to explain why rebels quitting hardly varies between adjacent districts. A negative binomial regression also refutes these conventional explanations.<br /><br />Instead, membership in civic associations (data obtained from the Indian Human Development Survey) turns out statistically significant in explaining variation in rebel retirement. But what are the causal mechanisms that relate grassroots associational life to rebel retirement?<br /><br />The term &ldquo;retirement&rdquo; was born in the conflict zones of North and South India in 2013-14. The term captures the protracted process of rebel exit better than &ldquo;surrender&rdquo; that focusses on the act of relinquishing arms while obfuscating the prolonged bargaining that precedes it.<br /><br />My central finding is that rebels retire through informal exit networks that grow in the shadow of civic associations in the state-insurgency interface. A lot of Maoists quit in the South due to the emergence of what I call &ldquo;harmonic&rdquo; exit networks that weave together multiple stakeholders in an amalgam of roles and alliances to build momentum for exit and manage a myriad of uncertainties of reintegration. By contrast, retirement is very low in the North due to the development of a &ldquo;discordant&rdquo; exit network that exacerbates mistrust and fear among key players, deterring retirement significantly.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/rebel-retirement-the-ground-reality/article23660859.ece?homepage=true" title="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/rebel-retirement-the-ground-reality/article23660859.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Hindu Business Line<br />
<br />
<em>Informal networks play a key role in building a trust mechanism that dispels the fear in rebels to quit insurgency groups<br />
</em><br />
How do rebels quit armed groups and return to the same political processes they had once sought to overthrow? A lot has been written on why men and women rebel. But we know very little about why and how rebels quit. This is, however, a predominant concern among policy-makers now, from Nepal to Colombia.<br />
<br />
In my forthcoming book, I examine this question in the context of the ongoing Maoist insurgency in India. Data show that between 2005 and 2012, 781 rebels quit the Maoist insurgency in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. By contrast, only 54 rebels in Jharkhand and 39 in West Bengal quit the same insurgent group during the same period.<br />
<br />
Moreover, rebel retirement is concentrated in certain districts and not others. For example, retirement in Telangana is very high in Warangal and Khammam districts. Similarly, in Jharkhand it is concentrated in Ranchi and Khunti districts and not others. Factors like policing, development, industrialisation, or insurgent organisation are frequently used to explain why rebels quitting hardly varies between adjacent districts. A negative binomial regression also refutes these conventional explanations.<br />
<br />
Instead, membership in civic associations (data obtained from the Indian Human Development Survey) turns out statistically significant in explaining variation in rebel retirement. But what are the causal mechanisms that relate grassroots associational life to rebel retirement?<br />
<br />
The term &ldquo;retirement&rdquo; was born in the conflict zones of North and South India in 2013-14. The term captures the protracted process of rebel exit better than &ldquo;surrender&rdquo; that focusses on the act of relinquishing arms while obfuscating the prolonged bargaining that precedes it.<br />
<br />
My central finding is that rebels retire through informal exit networks that grow in the shadow of civic associations in the state-insurgency interface. A lot of Maoists quit in the South due to the emergence of what I call &ldquo;harmonic&rdquo; exit networks that weave together multiple stakeholders in an amalgam of roles and alliances to build momentum for exit and manage a myriad of uncertainties of reintegration. By contrast, retirement is very low in the North due to the development of a &ldquo;discordant&rdquo; exit network that exacerbates mistrust and fear among key players, deterring retirement significantly.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/rebel-retirement-the-ground-reality/article23660859.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
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Informal networks play a key role in building a trust mechanism that dispels the fear in rebels to quit insurgency groups

How do rebels quit armed groups and return to the same political processes they had once sought...',
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-The Hindu Business Line<br />
<br />
<em>Informal networks play a key role in building a trust mechanism that dispels the fear in rebels to quit insurgency groups<br />
</em><br />
How do rebels quit armed groups and return to the same political processes they had once sought to overthrow? A lot has been written on why men and women rebel. But we know very little about why and how rebels quit. This is, however, a predominant concern among policy-makers now, from Nepal to Colombia.<br />
<br />
In my forthcoming book, I examine this question in the context of the ongoing Maoist insurgency in India. Data show that between 2005 and 2012, 781 rebels quit the Maoist insurgency in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. By contrast, only 54 rebels in Jharkhand and 39 in West Bengal quit the same insurgent group during the same period.<br />
<br />
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<br />
Instead, membership in civic associations (data obtained from the Indian Human Development Survey) turns out statistically significant in explaining variation in rebel retirement. But what are the causal mechanisms that relate grassroots associational life to rebel retirement?<br />
<br />
The term &ldquo;retirement&rdquo; was born in the conflict zones of North and South India in 2013-14. The term captures the protracted process of rebel exit better than &ldquo;surrender&rdquo; that focusses on the act of relinquishing arms while obfuscating the prolonged bargaining that precedes it.<br />
<br />
My central finding is that rebels retire through informal exit networks that grow in the shadow of civic associations in the state-insurgency interface. A lot of Maoists quit in the South due to the emergence of what I call &ldquo;harmonic&rdquo; exit networks that weave together multiple stakeholders in an amalgam of roles and alliances to build momentum for exit and manage a myriad of uncertainties of reintegration. By contrast, retirement is very low in the North due to the development of a &ldquo;discordant&rdquo; exit network that exacerbates mistrust and fear among key players, deterring retirement significantly.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/rebel-retirement-the-ground-reality/article23660859.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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-The Hindu Business Line

Informal networks play a key role in building a trust mechanism that dispels the fear in rebels to quit insurgency groups

How do rebels quit armed groups and return to the same political processes they had once sought...'
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Rebel 'retirement' -- the ground reality -Rumela Sen

-The Hindu Business Line Informal networks play a key role in building a trust mechanism that dispels the fear in rebels to quit insurgency groups How do rebels quit armed groups and return to the same political processes they had once sought to overthrow? A lot has been written on why men and women rebel. But we know very little about why and how rebels quit. This is, however, a predominant concern among policy-makers now, from Nepal to Colombia. In my forthcoming book, I examine this question in the context of the ongoing Maoist insurgency in India. Data show that between 2005 and 2012, 781 rebels quit the Maoist insurgency in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. By contrast, only 54 rebels in Jharkhand and 39 in West Bengal quit the same insurgent group during the same period. Moreover, rebel retirement is concentrated in certain districts and not others. For example, retirement in Telangana is very high in Warangal and Khammam districts. Similarly, in Jharkhand it is concentrated in Ranchi and Khunti districts and not others. Factors like policing, development, industrialisation, or insurgent organisation are frequently used to explain why rebels quitting hardly varies between adjacent districts. A negative binomial regression also refutes these conventional explanations. Instead, membership in civic associations (data obtained from the Indian Human Development Survey) turns out statistically significant in explaining variation in rebel retirement. But what are the causal mechanisms that relate grassroots associational life to rebel retirement? The term “retirement” was born in the conflict zones of North and South India in 2013-14. The term captures the protracted process of rebel exit better than “surrender” that focusses on the act of relinquishing arms while obfuscating the prolonged bargaining that precedes it. My central finding is that rebels retire through informal exit networks that grow in the shadow of civic associations in the state-insurgency interface. A lot of Maoists quit in the South due to the emergence of what I call “harmonic” exit networks that weave together multiple stakeholders in an amalgam of roles and alliances to build momentum for exit and manage a myriad of uncertainties of reintegration. By contrast, retirement is very low in the North due to the development of a “discordant” exit network that exacerbates mistrust and fear among key players, deterring retirement significantly. Please click here to read more.