Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 73,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'catslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 73,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements-vanita-leah-falcao-and-jasmeet-khanuja-4677338/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements-vanita-leah-falcao-and-jasmeet-khanuja-4677338/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'catslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 74,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 74,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements-vanita-leah-falcao-and-jasmeet-khanuja-4677338/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements-vanita-leah-falcao-and-jasmeet-khanuja-4677338/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9b7391915a-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9b7391915a-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f9b7391915a-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9b7391915a-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9b7391915a-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9b7391915a-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9b7391915a-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f9b7391915a-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f9b7391915a-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 29283,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement the maternal cash entitlement guaranteed in the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA). Section 4 of the NFSA entitles all pregnant and lactating women to Rs. 6,000, if they are not receiving similar entitlements under another law. The previous government had used an existing pilot of a conditional cash transfer scheme (CCT) to implement this entitlement. A reflection on this approach is required to determine its appropriateness for implementing the NFSA guaranteed maternal cash entitlement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Since 2010, a CCT called the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) has been piloted in 53 districts. CCTs provide beneficiaries cash on fulfilment of certain requirements.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The IGMSY aims to improve maternal rest and nutrition, and child health by incentivising appropriate care practices such as ante-natal checks (ANCs), vaccinations and breastfeeding. It is limited to the first two live births of women aged above 18 years. In September 2013, the MWCD revised the IGMSY cash amount from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,000, in keeping with the NFSA-defined maternal cash entitlement. While choosing a CCT, the then United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government ignored the fact that for a CCT to be impactful there should be adequate supply of services. In other words the IGMSY will achieve its aims if there is adequate supply of healthcare services, medication, staff and infrastructure in the form of healthcare centres, banks and equipment. Furthermore, women must know about entitlements, conditions and processes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Status of IGMSY-related services&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The nation-wide Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (RSOC) conducted by the MWCD and the United Nations Children&amp;rsquo;s Fund indicates serious shortfalls in the supply of IGMSY-related services. For example, under the IGMSY it is mandatory for mothers to attend three counselling sessions within three months of delivery. The RSOC shows that 65% village child-care centres provide nutrition and health education (NHE) and 61% have ANCs. Awareness about these services is low amongst pregnant women, with 17% aware of NHE and 30% aware of ANCs. Thus, increased service provisioning and awareness building among women is needed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Shortages also exist in infrastructure and staffing. For instance, RSOC data shows that 28% of village centres do not have functional weighing scales for babies and 48% do not have one for adults. MWCD data indicates that as of March 2014 nearly one-third posts of block-level supervisors and project officers were vacant. Such shortages will likely affect the quality of implementation and monitoring.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
IGMSY cash is only paid into a bank or postal account. Distance from banks, inefficient functioning and long waiting hours often require women to forgo multiple days&amp;rsquo; wages. Given the inadequate provisioning of healthcare and banking services crucial to the IGMSY, it is premature to implement a conditional maternal cash entitlement. Provisioning and monitoring of the supply of these necessary services is essential, prior to incentivizing demand for them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;What issues do CCTs ignore?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In India, socio-cultural factors prevent women from demanding and accessing adequate health services, rest and nutrition. Due to patriarchal practices, men often make financial decisions in a household. This prevents many women from using IGMSY cash for nutrition and rest during or after pregnancy. CCT also ignores the special attention vulnerable groups require. RSOC data for children aged 12-23 months shows 62% of Scheduled Castes (SC) and 56% of Scheduled Tribes (ST) receive the full set of recommended vaccinations, as compared to nearly 72% of other children (excluding other backward classes).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Need of the hour&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The government must recognize that the IGMSY eligibility criteria and conditions contravene the NFSA that entitles all women to a maternal cash entitlement. For this reason it should provide universal and unconditional cash entitlement. Though maternal cash entitlements are necessary, non-financial factors also affect women&amp;rsquo;s rest, nutrition and health. Community- and family-level interventions are required to reduce women&amp;rsquo;s work burden. Targeted interventions, which look beyond financial incentivization, are required to address health-service utilization within vulnerable groups.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, there is a need to evaluate if implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end, instead of one of the means to improving maternal and infant health. If the current government ignores non-cash-based initiatives, the effectiveness of cash transfers that it is championing will be undermined and it will render the improvement of maternal and child health an unattainable goal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja are, respectively, a researcher with specialization in social-welfare policy and research associate with the Institute of Social Studies Trust&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Livemint.com, 25 September, 2015, http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/jkADndOGxWnvDpbUbQ8uVL/Rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements.html&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements-vanita-leah-falcao-and-jasmeet-khanuja-4677338&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4677338,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 29283,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Rapid Survey of Children,cash transfer,cash transfers,Maternal Entitlements,National Food Security Act,NFSA,Conditional Cash Transfer,Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY),Maternal Health&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-Livemint.com

There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end 

On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement the maternal cash entitlement guaranteed in the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA). Section 4 of the NFSA entitles all pregnant and lactating women to Rs. 6,000, if they are not receiving similar entitlements under another law. The previous government had used an existing pilot of a conditional cash transfer scheme (CCT) to implement this entitlement. A reflection on this approach is required to determine its appropriateness for implementing the NFSA guaranteed maternal cash entitlement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since 2010, a CCT called the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) has been piloted in 53 districts. CCTs provide beneficiaries cash on fulfilment of certain requirements.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The IGMSY aims to improve maternal rest and nutrition, and child health by incentivising appropriate care practices such as ante-natal checks (ANCs), vaccinations and breastfeeding. It is limited to the first two live births of women aged above 18 years. In September 2013, the MWCD revised the IGMSY cash amount from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,000, in keeping with the NFSA-defined maternal cash entitlement. While choosing a CCT, the then United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government ignored the fact that for a CCT to be impactful there should be adequate supply of services. In other words the IGMSY will achieve its aims if there is adequate supply of healthcare services, medication, staff and infrastructure in the form of healthcare centres, banks and equipment. Furthermore, women must know about entitlements, conditions and processes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Status of IGMSY-related services&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The nation-wide Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (RSOC) conducted by the MWCD and the United Nations Children&amp;rsquo;s Fund indicates serious shortfalls in the supply of IGMSY-related services. For example, under the IGMSY it is mandatory for mothers to attend three counselling sessions within three months of delivery. The RSOC shows that 65% village child-care centres provide nutrition and health education (NHE) and 61% have ANCs. Awareness about these services is low amongst pregnant women, with 17% aware of NHE and 30% aware of ANCs. Thus, increased service provisioning and awareness building among women is needed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Shortages also exist in infrastructure and staffing. For instance, RSOC data shows that 28% of village centres do not have functional weighing scales for babies and 48% do not have one for adults. MWCD data indicates that as of March 2014 nearly one-third posts of block-level supervisors and project officers were vacant. Such shortages will likely affect the quality of implementation and monitoring.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IGMSY cash is only paid into a bank or postal account. Distance from banks, inefficient functioning and long waiting hours often require women to forgo multiple days&amp;rsquo; wages. Given the inadequate provisioning of healthcare and banking services crucial to the IGMSY, it is premature to implement a conditional maternal cash entitlement. Provisioning and monitoring of the supply of these necessary services is essential, prior to incentivizing demand for them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;What issues do CCTs ignore?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In India, socio-cultural factors prevent women from demanding and accessing adequate health services, rest and nutrition. Due to patriarchal practices, men often make financial decisions in a household. This prevents many women from using IGMSY cash for nutrition and rest during or after pregnancy. CCT also ignores the special attention vulnerable groups require. RSOC data for children aged 12-23 months shows 62% of Scheduled Castes (SC) and 56% of Scheduled Tribes (ST) receive the full set of recommended vaccinations, as compared to nearly 72% of other children (excluding other backward classes).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Need of the hour&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The government must recognize that the IGMSY eligibility criteria and conditions contravene the NFSA that entitles all women to a maternal cash entitlement. For this reason it should provide universal and unconditional cash entitlement. Though maternal cash entitlements are necessary, non-financial factors also affect women&amp;rsquo;s rest, nutrition and health. Community- and family-level interventions are required to reduce women&amp;rsquo;s work burden. Targeted interventions, which look beyond financial incentivization, are required to address health-service utilization within vulnerable groups.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Finally, there is a need to evaluate if implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end, instead of one of the means to improving maternal and infant health. If the current government ignores non-cash-based initiatives, the effectiveness of cash transfers that it is championing will be undermined and it will render the improvement of maternal and child health an unattainable goal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja are, respectively, a researcher with specialization in social-welfare policy and research associate with the Institute of Social Studies Trust&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 29283,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement the maternal cash entitlement guaranteed in the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA). Section 4 of the NFSA entitles all pregnant and lactating women to Rs. 6,000, if they are not receiving similar entitlements under another law. The previous government had used an existing pilot of a conditional cash transfer scheme (CCT) to implement this entitlement. A reflection on this approach is required to determine its appropriateness for implementing the NFSA guaranteed maternal cash entitlement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Since 2010, a CCT called the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) has been piloted in 53 districts. CCTs provide beneficiaries cash on fulfilment of certain requirements.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The IGMSY aims to improve maternal rest and nutrition, and child health by incentivising appropriate care practices such as ante-natal checks (ANCs), vaccinations and breastfeeding. It is limited to the first two live births of women aged above 18 years. In September 2013, the MWCD revised the IGMSY cash amount from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,000, in keeping with the NFSA-defined maternal cash entitlement. While choosing a CCT, the then United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government ignored the fact that for a CCT to be impactful there should be adequate supply of services. In other words the IGMSY will achieve its aims if there is adequate supply of healthcare services, medication, staff and infrastructure in the form of healthcare centres, banks and equipment. Furthermore, women must know about entitlements, conditions and processes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Status of IGMSY-related services&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The nation-wide Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (RSOC) conducted by the MWCD and the United Nations Children&amp;rsquo;s Fund indicates serious shortfalls in the supply of IGMSY-related services. For example, under the IGMSY it is mandatory for mothers to attend three counselling sessions within three months of delivery. The RSOC shows that 65% village child-care centres provide nutrition and health education (NHE) and 61% have ANCs. Awareness about these services is low amongst pregnant women, with 17% aware of NHE and 30% aware of ANCs. Thus, increased service provisioning and awareness building among women is needed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Shortages also exist in infrastructure and staffing. For instance, RSOC data shows that 28% of village centres do not have functional weighing scales for babies and 48% do not have one for adults. MWCD data indicates that as of March 2014 nearly one-third posts of block-level supervisors and project officers were vacant. Such shortages will likely affect the quality of implementation and monitoring.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
IGMSY cash is only paid into a bank or postal account. Distance from banks, inefficient functioning and long waiting hours often require women to forgo multiple days&amp;rsquo; wages. Given the inadequate provisioning of healthcare and banking services crucial to the IGMSY, it is premature to implement a conditional maternal cash entitlement. Provisioning and monitoring of the supply of these necessary services is essential, prior to incentivizing demand for them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;What issues do CCTs ignore?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In India, socio-cultural factors prevent women from demanding and accessing adequate health services, rest and nutrition. Due to patriarchal practices, men often make financial decisions in a household. This prevents many women from using IGMSY cash for nutrition and rest during or after pregnancy. CCT also ignores the special attention vulnerable groups require. RSOC data for children aged 12-23 months shows 62% of Scheduled Castes (SC) and 56% of Scheduled Tribes (ST) receive the full set of recommended vaccinations, as compared to nearly 72% of other children (excluding other backward classes).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Need of the hour&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The government must recognize that the IGMSY eligibility criteria and conditions contravene the NFSA that entitles all women to a maternal cash entitlement. For this reason it should provide universal and unconditional cash entitlement. Though maternal cash entitlements are necessary, non-financial factors also affect women&amp;rsquo;s rest, nutrition and health. Community- and family-level interventions are required to reduce women&amp;rsquo;s work burden. Targeted interventions, which look beyond financial incentivization, are required to address health-service utilization within vulnerable groups.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, there is a need to evaluate if implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end, instead of one of the means to improving maternal and infant health. If the current government ignores non-cash-based initiatives, the effectiveness of cash transfers that it is championing will be undermined and it will render the improvement of maternal and child health an unattainable goal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja are, respectively, a researcher with specialization in social-welfare policy and research associate with the Institute of Social Studies Trust&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Livemint.com, 25 September, 2015, http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/jkADndOGxWnvDpbUbQ8uVL/Rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements.html&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements-vanita-leah-falcao-and-jasmeet-khanuja-4677338&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4677338,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 5 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 6 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 7 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 8 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 29283
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Rapid Survey of Children,cash transfer,cash transfers,Maternal Entitlements,National Food Security Act,NFSA,Conditional Cash Transfer,Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY),Maternal Health&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-Livemint.com

There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end 

On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement the maternal cash entitlement guaranteed in the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA). Section 4 of the NFSA entitles all pregnant and lactating women to Rs. 6,000, if they are not receiving similar entitlements under another law. The previous government had used an existing pilot of a conditional cash transfer scheme (CCT) to implement this entitlement. A reflection on this approach is required to determine its appropriateness for implementing the NFSA guaranteed maternal cash entitlement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since 2010, a CCT called the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) has been piloted in 53 districts. CCTs provide beneficiaries cash on fulfilment of certain requirements.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The IGMSY aims to improve maternal rest and nutrition, and child health by incentivising appropriate care practices such as ante-natal checks (ANCs), vaccinations and breastfeeding. It is limited to the first two live births of women aged above 18 years. In September 2013, the MWCD revised the IGMSY cash amount from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,000, in keeping with the NFSA-defined maternal cash entitlement. While choosing a CCT, the then United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government ignored the fact that for a CCT to be impactful there should be adequate supply of services. In other words the IGMSY will achieve its aims if there is adequate supply of healthcare services, medication, staff and infrastructure in the form of healthcare centres, banks and equipment. Furthermore, women must know about entitlements, conditions and processes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Status of IGMSY-related services&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The nation-wide Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (RSOC) conducted by the MWCD and the United Nations Children&amp;rsquo;s Fund indicates serious shortfalls in the supply of IGMSY-related services. For example, under the IGMSY it is mandatory for mothers to attend three counselling sessions within three months of delivery. The RSOC shows that 65% village child-care centres provide nutrition and health education (NHE) and 61% have ANCs. Awareness about these services is low amongst pregnant women, with 17% aware of NHE and 30% aware of ANCs. Thus, increased service provisioning and awareness building among women is needed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Shortages also exist in infrastructure and staffing. For instance, RSOC data shows that 28% of village centres do not have functional weighing scales for babies and 48% do not have one for adults. MWCD data indicates that as of March 2014 nearly one-third posts of block-level supervisors and project officers were vacant. Such shortages will likely affect the quality of implementation and monitoring.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IGMSY cash is only paid into a bank or postal account. Distance from banks, inefficient functioning and long waiting hours often require women to forgo multiple days&amp;rsquo; wages. Given the inadequate provisioning of healthcare and banking services crucial to the IGMSY, it is premature to implement a conditional maternal cash entitlement. Provisioning and monitoring of the supply of these necessary services is essential, prior to incentivizing demand for them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;What issues do CCTs ignore?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In India, socio-cultural factors prevent women from demanding and accessing adequate health services, rest and nutrition. Due to patriarchal practices, men often make financial decisions in a household. This prevents many women from using IGMSY cash for nutrition and rest during or after pregnancy. CCT also ignores the special attention vulnerable groups require. RSOC data for children aged 12-23 months shows 62% of Scheduled Castes (SC) and 56% of Scheduled Tribes (ST) receive the full set of recommended vaccinations, as compared to nearly 72% of other children (excluding other backward classes).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Need of the hour&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The government must recognize that the IGMSY eligibility criteria and conditions contravene the NFSA that entitles all women to a maternal cash entitlement. For this reason it should provide universal and unconditional cash entitlement. Though maternal cash entitlements are necessary, non-financial factors also affect women&amp;rsquo;s rest, nutrition and health. Community- and family-level interventions are required to reduce women&amp;rsquo;s work burden. Targeted interventions, which look beyond financial incentivization, are required to address health-service utilization within vulnerable groups.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Finally, there is a need to evaluate if implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end, instead of one of the means to improving maternal and infant health. If the current government ignores non-cash-based initiatives, the effectiveness of cash transfers that it is championing will be undermined and it will render the improvement of maternal and child health an unattainable goal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja are, respectively, a researcher with specialization in social-welfare policy and research associate with the Institute of Social Studies Trust&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements-vanita-leah-falcao-and-jasmeet-khanuja-4677338.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-Livemint.com

There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end 

On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><em><br />There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end <br /></em><br />On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement the maternal cash entitlement guaranteed in the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA). Section 4 of the NFSA entitles all pregnant and lactating women to Rs. 6,000, if they are not receiving similar entitlements under another law. The previous government had used an existing pilot of a conditional cash transfer scheme (CCT) to implement this entitlement. A reflection on this approach is required to determine its appropriateness for implementing the NFSA guaranteed maternal cash entitlement.<br /><br /><em>The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana<br /></em><br />Since 2010, a CCT called the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) has been piloted in 53 districts. CCTs provide beneficiaries cash on fulfilment of certain requirements.<br /><br />The IGMSY aims to improve maternal rest and nutrition, and child health by incentivising appropriate care practices such as ante-natal checks (ANCs), vaccinations and breastfeeding. It is limited to the first two live births of women aged above 18 years. In September 2013, the MWCD revised the IGMSY cash amount from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,000, in keeping with the NFSA-defined maternal cash entitlement. While choosing a CCT, the then United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government ignored the fact that for a CCT to be impactful there should be adequate supply of services. In other words the IGMSY will achieve its aims if there is adequate supply of healthcare services, medication, staff and infrastructure in the form of healthcare centres, banks and equipment. Furthermore, women must know about entitlements, conditions and processes.<br /><br /><em>Status of IGMSY-related services<br /></em><br />The nation-wide Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (RSOC) conducted by the MWCD and the United Nations Children&rsquo;s Fund indicates serious shortfalls in the supply of IGMSY-related services. For example, under the IGMSY it is mandatory for mothers to attend three counselling sessions within three months of delivery. The RSOC shows that 65% village child-care centres provide nutrition and health education (NHE) and 61% have ANCs. Awareness about these services is low amongst pregnant women, with 17% aware of NHE and 30% aware of ANCs. Thus, increased service provisioning and awareness building among women is needed.<br /><br />Shortages also exist in infrastructure and staffing. For instance, RSOC data shows that 28% of village centres do not have functional weighing scales for babies and 48% do not have one for adults. MWCD data indicates that as of March 2014 nearly one-third posts of block-level supervisors and project officers were vacant. Such shortages will likely affect the quality of implementation and monitoring.<br /><br />IGMSY cash is only paid into a bank or postal account. Distance from banks, inefficient functioning and long waiting hours often require women to forgo multiple days&rsquo; wages. Given the inadequate provisioning of healthcare and banking services crucial to the IGMSY, it is premature to implement a conditional maternal cash entitlement. Provisioning and monitoring of the supply of these necessary services is essential, prior to incentivizing demand for them.<br /><br /><em>What issues do CCTs ignore?<br /></em><br />In India, socio-cultural factors prevent women from demanding and accessing adequate health services, rest and nutrition. Due to patriarchal practices, men often make financial decisions in a household. This prevents many women from using IGMSY cash for nutrition and rest during or after pregnancy. CCT also ignores the special attention vulnerable groups require. RSOC data for children aged 12-23 months shows 62% of Scheduled Castes (SC) and 56% of Scheduled Tribes (ST) receive the full set of recommended vaccinations, as compared to nearly 72% of other children (excluding other backward classes).<br /><br /><em>Need of the hour<br /></em><br />The government must recognize that the IGMSY eligibility criteria and conditions contravene the NFSA that entitles all women to a maternal cash entitlement. For this reason it should provide universal and unconditional cash entitlement. Though maternal cash entitlements are necessary, non-financial factors also affect women&rsquo;s rest, nutrition and health. Community- and family-level interventions are required to reduce women&rsquo;s work burden. Targeted interventions, which look beyond financial incentivization, are required to address health-service utilization within vulnerable groups.<br /><br />Finally, there is a need to evaluate if implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end, instead of one of the means to improving maternal and infant health. If the current government ignores non-cash-based initiatives, the effectiveness of cash transfers that it is championing will be undermined and it will render the improvement of maternal and child health an unattainable goal.<br /><br /><em>Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja are, respectively, a researcher with specialization in social-welfare policy and research associate with the Institute of Social Studies Trust<br /></em><br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$maxBufferLength = (int) 8192
$file = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php'
$line = (int) 853
$message = 'Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853'
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148]
Code Context
            $response->getStatusCode(),

            ($reasonPhrase ? ' ' . $reasonPhrase : '')

        ));
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9b7391915a-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9b7391915a-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f9b7391915a-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9b7391915a-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9b7391915a-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9b7391915a-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9b7391915a-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f9b7391915a-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f9b7391915a-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 29283,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement the maternal cash entitlement guaranteed in the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA). Section 4 of the NFSA entitles all pregnant and lactating women to Rs. 6,000, if they are not receiving similar entitlements under another law. The previous government had used an existing pilot of a conditional cash transfer scheme (CCT) to implement this entitlement. A reflection on this approach is required to determine its appropriateness for implementing the NFSA guaranteed maternal cash entitlement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Since 2010, a CCT called the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) has been piloted in 53 districts. CCTs provide beneficiaries cash on fulfilment of certain requirements.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The IGMSY aims to improve maternal rest and nutrition, and child health by incentivising appropriate care practices such as ante-natal checks (ANCs), vaccinations and breastfeeding. It is limited to the first two live births of women aged above 18 years. In September 2013, the MWCD revised the IGMSY cash amount from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,000, in keeping with the NFSA-defined maternal cash entitlement. While choosing a CCT, the then United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government ignored the fact that for a CCT to be impactful there should be adequate supply of services. In other words the IGMSY will achieve its aims if there is adequate supply of healthcare services, medication, staff and infrastructure in the form of healthcare centres, banks and equipment. Furthermore, women must know about entitlements, conditions and processes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Status of IGMSY-related services&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The nation-wide Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (RSOC) conducted by the MWCD and the United Nations Children&amp;rsquo;s Fund indicates serious shortfalls in the supply of IGMSY-related services. For example, under the IGMSY it is mandatory for mothers to attend three counselling sessions within three months of delivery. The RSOC shows that 65% village child-care centres provide nutrition and health education (NHE) and 61% have ANCs. Awareness about these services is low amongst pregnant women, with 17% aware of NHE and 30% aware of ANCs. Thus, increased service provisioning and awareness building among women is needed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Shortages also exist in infrastructure and staffing. For instance, RSOC data shows that 28% of village centres do not have functional weighing scales for babies and 48% do not have one for adults. MWCD data indicates that as of March 2014 nearly one-third posts of block-level supervisors and project officers were vacant. Such shortages will likely affect the quality of implementation and monitoring.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
IGMSY cash is only paid into a bank or postal account. Distance from banks, inefficient functioning and long waiting hours often require women to forgo multiple days&amp;rsquo; wages. Given the inadequate provisioning of healthcare and banking services crucial to the IGMSY, it is premature to implement a conditional maternal cash entitlement. Provisioning and monitoring of the supply of these necessary services is essential, prior to incentivizing demand for them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;What issues do CCTs ignore?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In India, socio-cultural factors prevent women from demanding and accessing adequate health services, rest and nutrition. Due to patriarchal practices, men often make financial decisions in a household. This prevents many women from using IGMSY cash for nutrition and rest during or after pregnancy. CCT also ignores the special attention vulnerable groups require. RSOC data for children aged 12-23 months shows 62% of Scheduled Castes (SC) and 56% of Scheduled Tribes (ST) receive the full set of recommended vaccinations, as compared to nearly 72% of other children (excluding other backward classes).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Need of the hour&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The government must recognize that the IGMSY eligibility criteria and conditions contravene the NFSA that entitles all women to a maternal cash entitlement. For this reason it should provide universal and unconditional cash entitlement. Though maternal cash entitlements are necessary, non-financial factors also affect women&amp;rsquo;s rest, nutrition and health. Community- and family-level interventions are required to reduce women&amp;rsquo;s work burden. Targeted interventions, which look beyond financial incentivization, are required to address health-service utilization within vulnerable groups.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, there is a need to evaluate if implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end, instead of one of the means to improving maternal and infant health. If the current government ignores non-cash-based initiatives, the effectiveness of cash transfers that it is championing will be undermined and it will render the improvement of maternal and child health an unattainable goal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja are, respectively, a researcher with specialization in social-welfare policy and research associate with the Institute of Social Studies Trust&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Livemint.com, 25 September, 2015, http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/jkADndOGxWnvDpbUbQ8uVL/Rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements.html&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements-vanita-leah-falcao-and-jasmeet-khanuja-4677338&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4677338,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 29283,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Rapid Survey of Children,cash transfer,cash transfers,Maternal Entitlements,National Food Security Act,NFSA,Conditional Cash Transfer,Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY),Maternal Health&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-Livemint.com

There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end 

On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement the maternal cash entitlement guaranteed in the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA). Section 4 of the NFSA entitles all pregnant and lactating women to Rs. 6,000, if they are not receiving similar entitlements under another law. The previous government had used an existing pilot of a conditional cash transfer scheme (CCT) to implement this entitlement. A reflection on this approach is required to determine its appropriateness for implementing the NFSA guaranteed maternal cash entitlement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since 2010, a CCT called the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) has been piloted in 53 districts. CCTs provide beneficiaries cash on fulfilment of certain requirements.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The IGMSY aims to improve maternal rest and nutrition, and child health by incentivising appropriate care practices such as ante-natal checks (ANCs), vaccinations and breastfeeding. It is limited to the first two live births of women aged above 18 years. In September 2013, the MWCD revised the IGMSY cash amount from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,000, in keeping with the NFSA-defined maternal cash entitlement. While choosing a CCT, the then United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government ignored the fact that for a CCT to be impactful there should be adequate supply of services. In other words the IGMSY will achieve its aims if there is adequate supply of healthcare services, medication, staff and infrastructure in the form of healthcare centres, banks and equipment. Furthermore, women must know about entitlements, conditions and processes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Status of IGMSY-related services&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The nation-wide Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (RSOC) conducted by the MWCD and the United Nations Children&amp;rsquo;s Fund indicates serious shortfalls in the supply of IGMSY-related services. For example, under the IGMSY it is mandatory for mothers to attend three counselling sessions within three months of delivery. The RSOC shows that 65% village child-care centres provide nutrition and health education (NHE) and 61% have ANCs. Awareness about these services is low amongst pregnant women, with 17% aware of NHE and 30% aware of ANCs. Thus, increased service provisioning and awareness building among women is needed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Shortages also exist in infrastructure and staffing. For instance, RSOC data shows that 28% of village centres do not have functional weighing scales for babies and 48% do not have one for adults. MWCD data indicates that as of March 2014 nearly one-third posts of block-level supervisors and project officers were vacant. Such shortages will likely affect the quality of implementation and monitoring.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IGMSY cash is only paid into a bank or postal account. Distance from banks, inefficient functioning and long waiting hours often require women to forgo multiple days&amp;rsquo; wages. Given the inadequate provisioning of healthcare and banking services crucial to the IGMSY, it is premature to implement a conditional maternal cash entitlement. Provisioning and monitoring of the supply of these necessary services is essential, prior to incentivizing demand for them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;What issues do CCTs ignore?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In India, socio-cultural factors prevent women from demanding and accessing adequate health services, rest and nutrition. Due to patriarchal practices, men often make financial decisions in a household. This prevents many women from using IGMSY cash for nutrition and rest during or after pregnancy. CCT also ignores the special attention vulnerable groups require. RSOC data for children aged 12-23 months shows 62% of Scheduled Castes (SC) and 56% of Scheduled Tribes (ST) receive the full set of recommended vaccinations, as compared to nearly 72% of other children (excluding other backward classes).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Need of the hour&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The government must recognize that the IGMSY eligibility criteria and conditions contravene the NFSA that entitles all women to a maternal cash entitlement. For this reason it should provide universal and unconditional cash entitlement. Though maternal cash entitlements are necessary, non-financial factors also affect women&amp;rsquo;s rest, nutrition and health. Community- and family-level interventions are required to reduce women&amp;rsquo;s work burden. Targeted interventions, which look beyond financial incentivization, are required to address health-service utilization within vulnerable groups.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Finally, there is a need to evaluate if implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end, instead of one of the means to improving maternal and infant health. If the current government ignores non-cash-based initiatives, the effectiveness of cash transfers that it is championing will be undermined and it will render the improvement of maternal and child health an unattainable goal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja are, respectively, a researcher with specialization in social-welfare policy and research associate with the Institute of Social Studies Trust&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 29283,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement the maternal cash entitlement guaranteed in the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA). Section 4 of the NFSA entitles all pregnant and lactating women to Rs. 6,000, if they are not receiving similar entitlements under another law. The previous government had used an existing pilot of a conditional cash transfer scheme (CCT) to implement this entitlement. A reflection on this approach is required to determine its appropriateness for implementing the NFSA guaranteed maternal cash entitlement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Since 2010, a CCT called the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) has been piloted in 53 districts. CCTs provide beneficiaries cash on fulfilment of certain requirements.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The IGMSY aims to improve maternal rest and nutrition, and child health by incentivising appropriate care practices such as ante-natal checks (ANCs), vaccinations and breastfeeding. It is limited to the first two live births of women aged above 18 years. In September 2013, the MWCD revised the IGMSY cash amount from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,000, in keeping with the NFSA-defined maternal cash entitlement. While choosing a CCT, the then United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government ignored the fact that for a CCT to be impactful there should be adequate supply of services. In other words the IGMSY will achieve its aims if there is adequate supply of healthcare services, medication, staff and infrastructure in the form of healthcare centres, banks and equipment. Furthermore, women must know about entitlements, conditions and processes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Status of IGMSY-related services&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The nation-wide Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (RSOC) conducted by the MWCD and the United Nations Children&amp;rsquo;s Fund indicates serious shortfalls in the supply of IGMSY-related services. For example, under the IGMSY it is mandatory for mothers to attend three counselling sessions within three months of delivery. The RSOC shows that 65% village child-care centres provide nutrition and health education (NHE) and 61% have ANCs. Awareness about these services is low amongst pregnant women, with 17% aware of NHE and 30% aware of ANCs. Thus, increased service provisioning and awareness building among women is needed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Shortages also exist in infrastructure and staffing. For instance, RSOC data shows that 28% of village centres do not have functional weighing scales for babies and 48% do not have one for adults. MWCD data indicates that as of March 2014 nearly one-third posts of block-level supervisors and project officers were vacant. Such shortages will likely affect the quality of implementation and monitoring.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
IGMSY cash is only paid into a bank or postal account. Distance from banks, inefficient functioning and long waiting hours often require women to forgo multiple days&amp;rsquo; wages. Given the inadequate provisioning of healthcare and banking services crucial to the IGMSY, it is premature to implement a conditional maternal cash entitlement. Provisioning and monitoring of the supply of these necessary services is essential, prior to incentivizing demand for them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;What issues do CCTs ignore?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In India, socio-cultural factors prevent women from demanding and accessing adequate health services, rest and nutrition. Due to patriarchal practices, men often make financial decisions in a household. This prevents many women from using IGMSY cash for nutrition and rest during or after pregnancy. CCT also ignores the special attention vulnerable groups require. RSOC data for children aged 12-23 months shows 62% of Scheduled Castes (SC) and 56% of Scheduled Tribes (ST) receive the full set of recommended vaccinations, as compared to nearly 72% of other children (excluding other backward classes).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Need of the hour&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The government must recognize that the IGMSY eligibility criteria and conditions contravene the NFSA that entitles all women to a maternal cash entitlement. For this reason it should provide universal and unconditional cash entitlement. Though maternal cash entitlements are necessary, non-financial factors also affect women&amp;rsquo;s rest, nutrition and health. Community- and family-level interventions are required to reduce women&amp;rsquo;s work burden. Targeted interventions, which look beyond financial incentivization, are required to address health-service utilization within vulnerable groups.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, there is a need to evaluate if implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end, instead of one of the means to improving maternal and infant health. If the current government ignores non-cash-based initiatives, the effectiveness of cash transfers that it is championing will be undermined and it will render the improvement of maternal and child health an unattainable goal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja are, respectively, a researcher with specialization in social-welfare policy and research associate with the Institute of Social Studies Trust&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Livemint.com, 25 September, 2015, http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/jkADndOGxWnvDpbUbQ8uVL/Rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements.html&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements-vanita-leah-falcao-and-jasmeet-khanuja-4677338&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4677338,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 5 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 6 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 7 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 8 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 29283
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Rapid Survey of Children,cash transfer,cash transfers,Maternal Entitlements,National Food Security Act,NFSA,Conditional Cash Transfer,Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY),Maternal Health&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-Livemint.com

There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end 

On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement the maternal cash entitlement guaranteed in the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA). Section 4 of the NFSA entitles all pregnant and lactating women to Rs. 6,000, if they are not receiving similar entitlements under another law. The previous government had used an existing pilot of a conditional cash transfer scheme (CCT) to implement this entitlement. A reflection on this approach is required to determine its appropriateness for implementing the NFSA guaranteed maternal cash entitlement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since 2010, a CCT called the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) has been piloted in 53 districts. CCTs provide beneficiaries cash on fulfilment of certain requirements.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The IGMSY aims to improve maternal rest and nutrition, and child health by incentivising appropriate care practices such as ante-natal checks (ANCs), vaccinations and breastfeeding. It is limited to the first two live births of women aged above 18 years. In September 2013, the MWCD revised the IGMSY cash amount from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,000, in keeping with the NFSA-defined maternal cash entitlement. While choosing a CCT, the then United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government ignored the fact that for a CCT to be impactful there should be adequate supply of services. In other words the IGMSY will achieve its aims if there is adequate supply of healthcare services, medication, staff and infrastructure in the form of healthcare centres, banks and equipment. Furthermore, women must know about entitlements, conditions and processes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Status of IGMSY-related services&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The nation-wide Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (RSOC) conducted by the MWCD and the United Nations Children&amp;rsquo;s Fund indicates serious shortfalls in the supply of IGMSY-related services. For example, under the IGMSY it is mandatory for mothers to attend three counselling sessions within three months of delivery. The RSOC shows that 65% village child-care centres provide nutrition and health education (NHE) and 61% have ANCs. Awareness about these services is low amongst pregnant women, with 17% aware of NHE and 30% aware of ANCs. Thus, increased service provisioning and awareness building among women is needed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Shortages also exist in infrastructure and staffing. For instance, RSOC data shows that 28% of village centres do not have functional weighing scales for babies and 48% do not have one for adults. MWCD data indicates that as of March 2014 nearly one-third posts of block-level supervisors and project officers were vacant. Such shortages will likely affect the quality of implementation and monitoring.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IGMSY cash is only paid into a bank or postal account. Distance from banks, inefficient functioning and long waiting hours often require women to forgo multiple days&amp;rsquo; wages. Given the inadequate provisioning of healthcare and banking services crucial to the IGMSY, it is premature to implement a conditional maternal cash entitlement. Provisioning and monitoring of the supply of these necessary services is essential, prior to incentivizing demand for them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;What issues do CCTs ignore?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In India, socio-cultural factors prevent women from demanding and accessing adequate health services, rest and nutrition. Due to patriarchal practices, men often make financial decisions in a household. This prevents many women from using IGMSY cash for nutrition and rest during or after pregnancy. CCT also ignores the special attention vulnerable groups require. RSOC data for children aged 12-23 months shows 62% of Scheduled Castes (SC) and 56% of Scheduled Tribes (ST) receive the full set of recommended vaccinations, as compared to nearly 72% of other children (excluding other backward classes).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Need of the hour&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The government must recognize that the IGMSY eligibility criteria and conditions contravene the NFSA that entitles all women to a maternal cash entitlement. For this reason it should provide universal and unconditional cash entitlement. Though maternal cash entitlements are necessary, non-financial factors also affect women&amp;rsquo;s rest, nutrition and health. Community- and family-level interventions are required to reduce women&amp;rsquo;s work burden. Targeted interventions, which look beyond financial incentivization, are required to address health-service utilization within vulnerable groups.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Finally, there is a need to evaluate if implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end, instead of one of the means to improving maternal and infant health. If the current government ignores non-cash-based initiatives, the effectiveness of cash transfers that it is championing will be undermined and it will render the improvement of maternal and child health an unattainable goal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja are, respectively, a researcher with specialization in social-welfare policy and research associate with the Institute of Social Studies Trust&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements-vanita-leah-falcao-and-jasmeet-khanuja-4677338.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-Livemint.com

There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end 

On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><em><br />There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end <br /></em><br />On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement the maternal cash entitlement guaranteed in the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA). Section 4 of the NFSA entitles all pregnant and lactating women to Rs. 6,000, if they are not receiving similar entitlements under another law. The previous government had used an existing pilot of a conditional cash transfer scheme (CCT) to implement this entitlement. A reflection on this approach is required to determine its appropriateness for implementing the NFSA guaranteed maternal cash entitlement.<br /><br /><em>The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana<br /></em><br />Since 2010, a CCT called the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) has been piloted in 53 districts. CCTs provide beneficiaries cash on fulfilment of certain requirements.<br /><br />The IGMSY aims to improve maternal rest and nutrition, and child health by incentivising appropriate care practices such as ante-natal checks (ANCs), vaccinations and breastfeeding. It is limited to the first two live births of women aged above 18 years. In September 2013, the MWCD revised the IGMSY cash amount from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,000, in keeping with the NFSA-defined maternal cash entitlement. While choosing a CCT, the then United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government ignored the fact that for a CCT to be impactful there should be adequate supply of services. In other words the IGMSY will achieve its aims if there is adequate supply of healthcare services, medication, staff and infrastructure in the form of healthcare centres, banks and equipment. Furthermore, women must know about entitlements, conditions and processes.<br /><br /><em>Status of IGMSY-related services<br /></em><br />The nation-wide Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (RSOC) conducted by the MWCD and the United Nations Children&rsquo;s Fund indicates serious shortfalls in the supply of IGMSY-related services. For example, under the IGMSY it is mandatory for mothers to attend three counselling sessions within three months of delivery. The RSOC shows that 65% village child-care centres provide nutrition and health education (NHE) and 61% have ANCs. Awareness about these services is low amongst pregnant women, with 17% aware of NHE and 30% aware of ANCs. Thus, increased service provisioning and awareness building among women is needed.<br /><br />Shortages also exist in infrastructure and staffing. For instance, RSOC data shows that 28% of village centres do not have functional weighing scales for babies and 48% do not have one for adults. MWCD data indicates that as of March 2014 nearly one-third posts of block-level supervisors and project officers were vacant. Such shortages will likely affect the quality of implementation and monitoring.<br /><br />IGMSY cash is only paid into a bank or postal account. Distance from banks, inefficient functioning and long waiting hours often require women to forgo multiple days&rsquo; wages. Given the inadequate provisioning of healthcare and banking services crucial to the IGMSY, it is premature to implement a conditional maternal cash entitlement. Provisioning and monitoring of the supply of these necessary services is essential, prior to incentivizing demand for them.<br /><br /><em>What issues do CCTs ignore?<br /></em><br />In India, socio-cultural factors prevent women from demanding and accessing adequate health services, rest and nutrition. Due to patriarchal practices, men often make financial decisions in a household. This prevents many women from using IGMSY cash for nutrition and rest during or after pregnancy. CCT also ignores the special attention vulnerable groups require. RSOC data for children aged 12-23 months shows 62% of Scheduled Castes (SC) and 56% of Scheduled Tribes (ST) receive the full set of recommended vaccinations, as compared to nearly 72% of other children (excluding other backward classes).<br /><br /><em>Need of the hour<br /></em><br />The government must recognize that the IGMSY eligibility criteria and conditions contravene the NFSA that entitles all women to a maternal cash entitlement. For this reason it should provide universal and unconditional cash entitlement. Though maternal cash entitlements are necessary, non-financial factors also affect women&rsquo;s rest, nutrition and health. Community- and family-level interventions are required to reduce women&rsquo;s work burden. Targeted interventions, which look beyond financial incentivization, are required to address health-service utilization within vulnerable groups.<br /><br />Finally, there is a need to evaluate if implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end, instead of one of the means to improving maternal and infant health. If the current government ignores non-cash-based initiatives, the effectiveness of cash transfers that it is championing will be undermined and it will render the improvement of maternal and child health an unattainable goal.<br /><br /><em>Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja are, respectively, a researcher with specialization in social-welfare policy and research associate with the Institute of Social Studies Trust<br /></em><br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$reasonPhrase = 'OK'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitStatusLine() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 54
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181]
Code Context
                    $value

                ), $first);

                $first = false;
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9b7391915a-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9b7391915a-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f9b7391915a-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9b7391915a-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9b7391915a-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9b7391915a-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9b7391915a-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f9b7391915a-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f9b7391915a-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 29283,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement the maternal cash entitlement guaranteed in the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA). Section 4 of the NFSA entitles all pregnant and lactating women to Rs. 6,000, if they are not receiving similar entitlements under another law. The previous government had used an existing pilot of a conditional cash transfer scheme (CCT) to implement this entitlement. A reflection on this approach is required to determine its appropriateness for implementing the NFSA guaranteed maternal cash entitlement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Since 2010, a CCT called the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) has been piloted in 53 districts. CCTs provide beneficiaries cash on fulfilment of certain requirements.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The IGMSY aims to improve maternal rest and nutrition, and child health by incentivising appropriate care practices such as ante-natal checks (ANCs), vaccinations and breastfeeding. It is limited to the first two live births of women aged above 18 years. In September 2013, the MWCD revised the IGMSY cash amount from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,000, in keeping with the NFSA-defined maternal cash entitlement. While choosing a CCT, the then United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government ignored the fact that for a CCT to be impactful there should be adequate supply of services. In other words the IGMSY will achieve its aims if there is adequate supply of healthcare services, medication, staff and infrastructure in the form of healthcare centres, banks and equipment. Furthermore, women must know about entitlements, conditions and processes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Status of IGMSY-related services&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The nation-wide Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (RSOC) conducted by the MWCD and the United Nations Children&amp;rsquo;s Fund indicates serious shortfalls in the supply of IGMSY-related services. For example, under the IGMSY it is mandatory for mothers to attend three counselling sessions within three months of delivery. The RSOC shows that 65% village child-care centres provide nutrition and health education (NHE) and 61% have ANCs. Awareness about these services is low amongst pregnant women, with 17% aware of NHE and 30% aware of ANCs. Thus, increased service provisioning and awareness building among women is needed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Shortages also exist in infrastructure and staffing. For instance, RSOC data shows that 28% of village centres do not have functional weighing scales for babies and 48% do not have one for adults. MWCD data indicates that as of March 2014 nearly one-third posts of block-level supervisors and project officers were vacant. Such shortages will likely affect the quality of implementation and monitoring.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
IGMSY cash is only paid into a bank or postal account. Distance from banks, inefficient functioning and long waiting hours often require women to forgo multiple days&amp;rsquo; wages. Given the inadequate provisioning of healthcare and banking services crucial to the IGMSY, it is premature to implement a conditional maternal cash entitlement. Provisioning and monitoring of the supply of these necessary services is essential, prior to incentivizing demand for them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;What issues do CCTs ignore?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In India, socio-cultural factors prevent women from demanding and accessing adequate health services, rest and nutrition. Due to patriarchal practices, men often make financial decisions in a household. This prevents many women from using IGMSY cash for nutrition and rest during or after pregnancy. CCT also ignores the special attention vulnerable groups require. RSOC data for children aged 12-23 months shows 62% of Scheduled Castes (SC) and 56% of Scheduled Tribes (ST) receive the full set of recommended vaccinations, as compared to nearly 72% of other children (excluding other backward classes).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Need of the hour&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The government must recognize that the IGMSY eligibility criteria and conditions contravene the NFSA that entitles all women to a maternal cash entitlement. For this reason it should provide universal and unconditional cash entitlement. Though maternal cash entitlements are necessary, non-financial factors also affect women&amp;rsquo;s rest, nutrition and health. Community- and family-level interventions are required to reduce women&amp;rsquo;s work burden. Targeted interventions, which look beyond financial incentivization, are required to address health-service utilization within vulnerable groups.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, there is a need to evaluate if implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end, instead of one of the means to improving maternal and infant health. If the current government ignores non-cash-based initiatives, the effectiveness of cash transfers that it is championing will be undermined and it will render the improvement of maternal and child health an unattainable goal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja are, respectively, a researcher with specialization in social-welfare policy and research associate with the Institute of Social Studies Trust&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Livemint.com, 25 September, 2015, http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/jkADndOGxWnvDpbUbQ8uVL/Rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements.html&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements-vanita-leah-falcao-and-jasmeet-khanuja-4677338&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4677338,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 29283,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Rapid Survey of Children,cash transfer,cash transfers,Maternal Entitlements,National Food Security Act,NFSA,Conditional Cash Transfer,Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY),Maternal Health&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-Livemint.com

There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end 

On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement the maternal cash entitlement guaranteed in the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA). Section 4 of the NFSA entitles all pregnant and lactating women to Rs. 6,000, if they are not receiving similar entitlements under another law. The previous government had used an existing pilot of a conditional cash transfer scheme (CCT) to implement this entitlement. A reflection on this approach is required to determine its appropriateness for implementing the NFSA guaranteed maternal cash entitlement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since 2010, a CCT called the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) has been piloted in 53 districts. CCTs provide beneficiaries cash on fulfilment of certain requirements.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The IGMSY aims to improve maternal rest and nutrition, and child health by incentivising appropriate care practices such as ante-natal checks (ANCs), vaccinations and breastfeeding. It is limited to the first two live births of women aged above 18 years. In September 2013, the MWCD revised the IGMSY cash amount from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,000, in keeping with the NFSA-defined maternal cash entitlement. While choosing a CCT, the then United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government ignored the fact that for a CCT to be impactful there should be adequate supply of services. In other words the IGMSY will achieve its aims if there is adequate supply of healthcare services, medication, staff and infrastructure in the form of healthcare centres, banks and equipment. Furthermore, women must know about entitlements, conditions and processes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Status of IGMSY-related services&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The nation-wide Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (RSOC) conducted by the MWCD and the United Nations Children&amp;rsquo;s Fund indicates serious shortfalls in the supply of IGMSY-related services. For example, under the IGMSY it is mandatory for mothers to attend three counselling sessions within three months of delivery. The RSOC shows that 65% village child-care centres provide nutrition and health education (NHE) and 61% have ANCs. Awareness about these services is low amongst pregnant women, with 17% aware of NHE and 30% aware of ANCs. Thus, increased service provisioning and awareness building among women is needed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Shortages also exist in infrastructure and staffing. For instance, RSOC data shows that 28% of village centres do not have functional weighing scales for babies and 48% do not have one for adults. MWCD data indicates that as of March 2014 nearly one-third posts of block-level supervisors and project officers were vacant. Such shortages will likely affect the quality of implementation and monitoring.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IGMSY cash is only paid into a bank or postal account. Distance from banks, inefficient functioning and long waiting hours often require women to forgo multiple days&amp;rsquo; wages. Given the inadequate provisioning of healthcare and banking services crucial to the IGMSY, it is premature to implement a conditional maternal cash entitlement. Provisioning and monitoring of the supply of these necessary services is essential, prior to incentivizing demand for them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;What issues do CCTs ignore?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In India, socio-cultural factors prevent women from demanding and accessing adequate health services, rest and nutrition. Due to patriarchal practices, men often make financial decisions in a household. This prevents many women from using IGMSY cash for nutrition and rest during or after pregnancy. CCT also ignores the special attention vulnerable groups require. RSOC data for children aged 12-23 months shows 62% of Scheduled Castes (SC) and 56% of Scheduled Tribes (ST) receive the full set of recommended vaccinations, as compared to nearly 72% of other children (excluding other backward classes).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Need of the hour&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The government must recognize that the IGMSY eligibility criteria and conditions contravene the NFSA that entitles all women to a maternal cash entitlement. For this reason it should provide universal and unconditional cash entitlement. Though maternal cash entitlements are necessary, non-financial factors also affect women&amp;rsquo;s rest, nutrition and health. Community- and family-level interventions are required to reduce women&amp;rsquo;s work burden. Targeted interventions, which look beyond financial incentivization, are required to address health-service utilization within vulnerable groups.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Finally, there is a need to evaluate if implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end, instead of one of the means to improving maternal and infant health. If the current government ignores non-cash-based initiatives, the effectiveness of cash transfers that it is championing will be undermined and it will render the improvement of maternal and child health an unattainable goal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja are, respectively, a researcher with specialization in social-welfare policy and research associate with the Institute of Social Studies Trust&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 29283,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement the maternal cash entitlement guaranteed in the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA). Section 4 of the NFSA entitles all pregnant and lactating women to Rs. 6,000, if they are not receiving similar entitlements under another law. The previous government had used an existing pilot of a conditional cash transfer scheme (CCT) to implement this entitlement. A reflection on this approach is required to determine its appropriateness for implementing the NFSA guaranteed maternal cash entitlement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Since 2010, a CCT called the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) has been piloted in 53 districts. CCTs provide beneficiaries cash on fulfilment of certain requirements.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The IGMSY aims to improve maternal rest and nutrition, and child health by incentivising appropriate care practices such as ante-natal checks (ANCs), vaccinations and breastfeeding. It is limited to the first two live births of women aged above 18 years. In September 2013, the MWCD revised the IGMSY cash amount from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,000, in keeping with the NFSA-defined maternal cash entitlement. While choosing a CCT, the then United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government ignored the fact that for a CCT to be impactful there should be adequate supply of services. In other words the IGMSY will achieve its aims if there is adequate supply of healthcare services, medication, staff and infrastructure in the form of healthcare centres, banks and equipment. Furthermore, women must know about entitlements, conditions and processes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Status of IGMSY-related services&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The nation-wide Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (RSOC) conducted by the MWCD and the United Nations Children&amp;rsquo;s Fund indicates serious shortfalls in the supply of IGMSY-related services. For example, under the IGMSY it is mandatory for mothers to attend three counselling sessions within three months of delivery. The RSOC shows that 65% village child-care centres provide nutrition and health education (NHE) and 61% have ANCs. Awareness about these services is low amongst pregnant women, with 17% aware of NHE and 30% aware of ANCs. Thus, increased service provisioning and awareness building among women is needed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Shortages also exist in infrastructure and staffing. For instance, RSOC data shows that 28% of village centres do not have functional weighing scales for babies and 48% do not have one for adults. MWCD data indicates that as of March 2014 nearly one-third posts of block-level supervisors and project officers were vacant. Such shortages will likely affect the quality of implementation and monitoring.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
IGMSY cash is only paid into a bank or postal account. Distance from banks, inefficient functioning and long waiting hours often require women to forgo multiple days&amp;rsquo; wages. Given the inadequate provisioning of healthcare and banking services crucial to the IGMSY, it is premature to implement a conditional maternal cash entitlement. Provisioning and monitoring of the supply of these necessary services is essential, prior to incentivizing demand for them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;What issues do CCTs ignore?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In India, socio-cultural factors prevent women from demanding and accessing adequate health services, rest and nutrition. Due to patriarchal practices, men often make financial decisions in a household. This prevents many women from using IGMSY cash for nutrition and rest during or after pregnancy. CCT also ignores the special attention vulnerable groups require. RSOC data for children aged 12-23 months shows 62% of Scheduled Castes (SC) and 56% of Scheduled Tribes (ST) receive the full set of recommended vaccinations, as compared to nearly 72% of other children (excluding other backward classes).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Need of the hour&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The government must recognize that the IGMSY eligibility criteria and conditions contravene the NFSA that entitles all women to a maternal cash entitlement. For this reason it should provide universal and unconditional cash entitlement. Though maternal cash entitlements are necessary, non-financial factors also affect women&amp;rsquo;s rest, nutrition and health. Community- and family-level interventions are required to reduce women&amp;rsquo;s work burden. Targeted interventions, which look beyond financial incentivization, are required to address health-service utilization within vulnerable groups.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, there is a need to evaluate if implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end, instead of one of the means to improving maternal and infant health. If the current government ignores non-cash-based initiatives, the effectiveness of cash transfers that it is championing will be undermined and it will render the improvement of maternal and child health an unattainable goal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja are, respectively, a researcher with specialization in social-welfare policy and research associate with the Institute of Social Studies Trust&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Livemint.com, 25 September, 2015, http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/jkADndOGxWnvDpbUbQ8uVL/Rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements.html&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements-vanita-leah-falcao-and-jasmeet-khanuja-4677338&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4677338,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 5 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 6 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 7 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 8 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 29283
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Rapid Survey of Children,cash transfer,cash transfers,Maternal Entitlements,National Food Security Act,NFSA,Conditional Cash Transfer,Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY),Maternal Health&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-Livemint.com

There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end 

On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement the maternal cash entitlement guaranteed in the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA). Section 4 of the NFSA entitles all pregnant and lactating women to Rs. 6,000, if they are not receiving similar entitlements under another law. The previous government had used an existing pilot of a conditional cash transfer scheme (CCT) to implement this entitlement. A reflection on this approach is required to determine its appropriateness for implementing the NFSA guaranteed maternal cash entitlement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since 2010, a CCT called the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) has been piloted in 53 districts. CCTs provide beneficiaries cash on fulfilment of certain requirements.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The IGMSY aims to improve maternal rest and nutrition, and child health by incentivising appropriate care practices such as ante-natal checks (ANCs), vaccinations and breastfeeding. It is limited to the first two live births of women aged above 18 years. In September 2013, the MWCD revised the IGMSY cash amount from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,000, in keeping with the NFSA-defined maternal cash entitlement. While choosing a CCT, the then United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government ignored the fact that for a CCT to be impactful there should be adequate supply of services. In other words the IGMSY will achieve its aims if there is adequate supply of healthcare services, medication, staff and infrastructure in the form of healthcare centres, banks and equipment. Furthermore, women must know about entitlements, conditions and processes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Status of IGMSY-related services&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The nation-wide Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (RSOC) conducted by the MWCD and the United Nations Children&amp;rsquo;s Fund indicates serious shortfalls in the supply of IGMSY-related services. For example, under the IGMSY it is mandatory for mothers to attend three counselling sessions within three months of delivery. The RSOC shows that 65% village child-care centres provide nutrition and health education (NHE) and 61% have ANCs. Awareness about these services is low amongst pregnant women, with 17% aware of NHE and 30% aware of ANCs. Thus, increased service provisioning and awareness building among women is needed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Shortages also exist in infrastructure and staffing. For instance, RSOC data shows that 28% of village centres do not have functional weighing scales for babies and 48% do not have one for adults. MWCD data indicates that as of March 2014 nearly one-third posts of block-level supervisors and project officers were vacant. Such shortages will likely affect the quality of implementation and monitoring.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IGMSY cash is only paid into a bank or postal account. Distance from banks, inefficient functioning and long waiting hours often require women to forgo multiple days&amp;rsquo; wages. Given the inadequate provisioning of healthcare and banking services crucial to the IGMSY, it is premature to implement a conditional maternal cash entitlement. Provisioning and monitoring of the supply of these necessary services is essential, prior to incentivizing demand for them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;What issues do CCTs ignore?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In India, socio-cultural factors prevent women from demanding and accessing adequate health services, rest and nutrition. Due to patriarchal practices, men often make financial decisions in a household. This prevents many women from using IGMSY cash for nutrition and rest during or after pregnancy. CCT also ignores the special attention vulnerable groups require. RSOC data for children aged 12-23 months shows 62% of Scheduled Castes (SC) and 56% of Scheduled Tribes (ST) receive the full set of recommended vaccinations, as compared to nearly 72% of other children (excluding other backward classes).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Need of the hour&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The government must recognize that the IGMSY eligibility criteria and conditions contravene the NFSA that entitles all women to a maternal cash entitlement. For this reason it should provide universal and unconditional cash entitlement. Though maternal cash entitlements are necessary, non-financial factors also affect women&amp;rsquo;s rest, nutrition and health. Community- and family-level interventions are required to reduce women&amp;rsquo;s work burden. Targeted interventions, which look beyond financial incentivization, are required to address health-service utilization within vulnerable groups.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Finally, there is a need to evaluate if implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end, instead of one of the means to improving maternal and infant health. If the current government ignores non-cash-based initiatives, the effectiveness of cash transfers that it is championing will be undermined and it will render the improvement of maternal and child health an unattainable goal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja are, respectively, a researcher with specialization in social-welfare policy and research associate with the Institute of Social Studies Trust&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements-vanita-leah-falcao-and-jasmeet-khanuja-4677338.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-Livemint.com

There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end 

On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><em><br />There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end <br /></em><br />On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement the maternal cash entitlement guaranteed in the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA). Section 4 of the NFSA entitles all pregnant and lactating women to Rs. 6,000, if they are not receiving similar entitlements under another law. The previous government had used an existing pilot of a conditional cash transfer scheme (CCT) to implement this entitlement. A reflection on this approach is required to determine its appropriateness for implementing the NFSA guaranteed maternal cash entitlement.<br /><br /><em>The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana<br /></em><br />Since 2010, a CCT called the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) has been piloted in 53 districts. CCTs provide beneficiaries cash on fulfilment of certain requirements.<br /><br />The IGMSY aims to improve maternal rest and nutrition, and child health by incentivising appropriate care practices such as ante-natal checks (ANCs), vaccinations and breastfeeding. It is limited to the first two live births of women aged above 18 years. In September 2013, the MWCD revised the IGMSY cash amount from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,000, in keeping with the NFSA-defined maternal cash entitlement. While choosing a CCT, the then United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government ignored the fact that for a CCT to be impactful there should be adequate supply of services. In other words the IGMSY will achieve its aims if there is adequate supply of healthcare services, medication, staff and infrastructure in the form of healthcare centres, banks and equipment. Furthermore, women must know about entitlements, conditions and processes.<br /><br /><em>Status of IGMSY-related services<br /></em><br />The nation-wide Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (RSOC) conducted by the MWCD and the United Nations Children&rsquo;s Fund indicates serious shortfalls in the supply of IGMSY-related services. For example, under the IGMSY it is mandatory for mothers to attend three counselling sessions within three months of delivery. The RSOC shows that 65% village child-care centres provide nutrition and health education (NHE) and 61% have ANCs. Awareness about these services is low amongst pregnant women, with 17% aware of NHE and 30% aware of ANCs. Thus, increased service provisioning and awareness building among women is needed.<br /><br />Shortages also exist in infrastructure and staffing. For instance, RSOC data shows that 28% of village centres do not have functional weighing scales for babies and 48% do not have one for adults. MWCD data indicates that as of March 2014 nearly one-third posts of block-level supervisors and project officers were vacant. Such shortages will likely affect the quality of implementation and monitoring.<br /><br />IGMSY cash is only paid into a bank or postal account. Distance from banks, inefficient functioning and long waiting hours often require women to forgo multiple days&rsquo; wages. Given the inadequate provisioning of healthcare and banking services crucial to the IGMSY, it is premature to implement a conditional maternal cash entitlement. Provisioning and monitoring of the supply of these necessary services is essential, prior to incentivizing demand for them.<br /><br /><em>What issues do CCTs ignore?<br /></em><br />In India, socio-cultural factors prevent women from demanding and accessing adequate health services, rest and nutrition. Due to patriarchal practices, men often make financial decisions in a household. This prevents many women from using IGMSY cash for nutrition and rest during or after pregnancy. CCT also ignores the special attention vulnerable groups require. RSOC data for children aged 12-23 months shows 62% of Scheduled Castes (SC) and 56% of Scheduled Tribes (ST) receive the full set of recommended vaccinations, as compared to nearly 72% of other children (excluding other backward classes).<br /><br /><em>Need of the hour<br /></em><br />The government must recognize that the IGMSY eligibility criteria and conditions contravene the NFSA that entitles all women to a maternal cash entitlement. For this reason it should provide universal and unconditional cash entitlement. Though maternal cash entitlements are necessary, non-financial factors also affect women&rsquo;s rest, nutrition and health. Community- and family-level interventions are required to reduce women&rsquo;s work burden. Targeted interventions, which look beyond financial incentivization, are required to address health-service utilization within vulnerable groups.<br /><br />Finally, there is a need to evaluate if implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end, instead of one of the means to improving maternal and infant health. If the current government ignores non-cash-based initiatives, the effectiveness of cash transfers that it is championing will be undermined and it will render the improvement of maternal and child health an unattainable goal.<br /><br /><em>Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja are, respectively, a researcher with specialization in social-welfare policy and research associate with the Institute of Social Studies Trust<br /></em><br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$cookies = []
$values = [
	(int) 0 => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
]
$name = 'Content-Type'
$first = true
$value = 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitHeaders() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 55
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

<head>

    <link rel="canonical" href="<?php echo Configure::read('SITE_URL'); ?><?php echo $urlPrefix;?><?php echo $article_current->category->slug; ?>/<?php echo $article_current->seo_url; ?>.html"/>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>

$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp'
$dataForView = [
	'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		'id' => (int) 29283,
		'title' => 'Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja',
		'subheading' => '',
		'description' => '<div align="justify">
-Livemint.com<br />
<em><br />
There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end <br />
</em><br />
On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement the maternal cash entitlement guaranteed in the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA). Section 4 of the NFSA entitles all pregnant and lactating women to Rs. 6,000, if they are not receiving similar entitlements under another law. The previous government had used an existing pilot of a conditional cash transfer scheme (CCT) to implement this entitlement. A reflection on this approach is required to determine its appropriateness for implementing the NFSA guaranteed maternal cash entitlement.<br />
<br />
<em>The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana<br />
</em><br />
Since 2010, a CCT called the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) has been piloted in 53 districts. CCTs provide beneficiaries cash on fulfilment of certain requirements.<br />
<br />
The IGMSY aims to improve maternal rest and nutrition, and child health by incentivising appropriate care practices such as ante-natal checks (ANCs), vaccinations and breastfeeding. It is limited to the first two live births of women aged above 18 years. In September 2013, the MWCD revised the IGMSY cash amount from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,000, in keeping with the NFSA-defined maternal cash entitlement. While choosing a CCT, the then United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government ignored the fact that for a CCT to be impactful there should be adequate supply of services. In other words the IGMSY will achieve its aims if there is adequate supply of healthcare services, medication, staff and infrastructure in the form of healthcare centres, banks and equipment. Furthermore, women must know about entitlements, conditions and processes.<br />
<br />
<em>Status of IGMSY-related services<br />
</em><br />
The nation-wide Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (RSOC) conducted by the MWCD and the United Nations Children&rsquo;s Fund indicates serious shortfalls in the supply of IGMSY-related services. For example, under the IGMSY it is mandatory for mothers to attend three counselling sessions within three months of delivery. The RSOC shows that 65% village child-care centres provide nutrition and health education (NHE) and 61% have ANCs. Awareness about these services is low amongst pregnant women, with 17% aware of NHE and 30% aware of ANCs. Thus, increased service provisioning and awareness building among women is needed.<br />
<br />
Shortages also exist in infrastructure and staffing. For instance, RSOC data shows that 28% of village centres do not have functional weighing scales for babies and 48% do not have one for adults. MWCD data indicates that as of March 2014 nearly one-third posts of block-level supervisors and project officers were vacant. Such shortages will likely affect the quality of implementation and monitoring.<br />
<br />
IGMSY cash is only paid into a bank or postal account. Distance from banks, inefficient functioning and long waiting hours often require women to forgo multiple days&rsquo; wages. Given the inadequate provisioning of healthcare and banking services crucial to the IGMSY, it is premature to implement a conditional maternal cash entitlement. Provisioning and monitoring of the supply of these necessary services is essential, prior to incentivizing demand for them.<br />
<br />
<em>What issues do CCTs ignore?<br />
</em><br />
In India, socio-cultural factors prevent women from demanding and accessing adequate health services, rest and nutrition. Due to patriarchal practices, men often make financial decisions in a household. This prevents many women from using IGMSY cash for nutrition and rest during or after pregnancy. CCT also ignores the special attention vulnerable groups require. RSOC data for children aged 12-23 months shows 62% of Scheduled Castes (SC) and 56% of Scheduled Tribes (ST) receive the full set of recommended vaccinations, as compared to nearly 72% of other children (excluding other backward classes).<br />
<br />
<em>Need of the hour<br />
</em><br />
The government must recognize that the IGMSY eligibility criteria and conditions contravene the NFSA that entitles all women to a maternal cash entitlement. For this reason it should provide universal and unconditional cash entitlement. Though maternal cash entitlements are necessary, non-financial factors also affect women&rsquo;s rest, nutrition and health. Community- and family-level interventions are required to reduce women&rsquo;s work burden. Targeted interventions, which look beyond financial incentivization, are required to address health-service utilization within vulnerable groups.<br />
<br />
Finally, there is a need to evaluate if implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end, instead of one of the means to improving maternal and infant health. If the current government ignores non-cash-based initiatives, the effectiveness of cash transfers that it is championing will be undermined and it will render the improvement of maternal and child health an unattainable goal.<br />
<br />
<em>Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja are, respectively, a researcher with specialization in social-welfare policy and research associate with the Institute of Social Studies Trust<br />
</em><br />
</div>',
		'credit_writer' => 'Livemint.com, 25 September, 2015, http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/jkADndOGxWnvDpbUbQ8uVL/Rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements.html',
		'article_img' => '',
		'article_img_thumb' => '',
		'status' => (int) 1,
		'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
		'lang' => 'EN',
		'category_id' => (int) 16,
		'tag_keyword' => '',
		'seo_url' => 'rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements-vanita-leah-falcao-and-jasmeet-khanuja-4677338',
		'meta_title' => null,
		'meta_keywords' => null,
		'meta_description' => null,
		'noindex' => (int) 0,
		'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		'most_visit_section_id' => null,
		'article_big_img' => null,
		'liveid' => (int) 4677338,
		'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'edate' => '',
		'tags' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[hasErrors]' => false,
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'Articles'
	
	},
	'articleid' => (int) 29283,
	'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja',
	'metaKeywords' => 'Rapid Survey of Children,cash transfer,cash transfers,Maternal Entitlements,National Food Security Act,NFSA,Conditional Cash Transfer,Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY),Maternal Health',
	'metaDesc' => '
-Livemint.com

There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end 

On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><em><br />There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end <br /></em><br />On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement the maternal cash entitlement guaranteed in the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA). Section 4 of the NFSA entitles all pregnant and lactating women to Rs. 6,000, if they are not receiving similar entitlements under another law. The previous government had used an existing pilot of a conditional cash transfer scheme (CCT) to implement this entitlement. A reflection on this approach is required to determine its appropriateness for implementing the NFSA guaranteed maternal cash entitlement.<br /><br /><em>The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana<br /></em><br />Since 2010, a CCT called the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) has been piloted in 53 districts. CCTs provide beneficiaries cash on fulfilment of certain requirements.<br /><br />The IGMSY aims to improve maternal rest and nutrition, and child health by incentivising appropriate care practices such as ante-natal checks (ANCs), vaccinations and breastfeeding. It is limited to the first two live births of women aged above 18 years. In September 2013, the MWCD revised the IGMSY cash amount from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,000, in keeping with the NFSA-defined maternal cash entitlement. While choosing a CCT, the then United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government ignored the fact that for a CCT to be impactful there should be adequate supply of services. In other words the IGMSY will achieve its aims if there is adequate supply of healthcare services, medication, staff and infrastructure in the form of healthcare centres, banks and equipment. Furthermore, women must know about entitlements, conditions and processes.<br /><br /><em>Status of IGMSY-related services<br /></em><br />The nation-wide Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (RSOC) conducted by the MWCD and the United Nations Children&rsquo;s Fund indicates serious shortfalls in the supply of IGMSY-related services. For example, under the IGMSY it is mandatory for mothers to attend three counselling sessions within three months of delivery. The RSOC shows that 65% village child-care centres provide nutrition and health education (NHE) and 61% have ANCs. Awareness about these services is low amongst pregnant women, with 17% aware of NHE and 30% aware of ANCs. Thus, increased service provisioning and awareness building among women is needed.<br /><br />Shortages also exist in infrastructure and staffing. For instance, RSOC data shows that 28% of village centres do not have functional weighing scales for babies and 48% do not have one for adults. MWCD data indicates that as of March 2014 nearly one-third posts of block-level supervisors and project officers were vacant. Such shortages will likely affect the quality of implementation and monitoring.<br /><br />IGMSY cash is only paid into a bank or postal account. Distance from banks, inefficient functioning and long waiting hours often require women to forgo multiple days&rsquo; wages. Given the inadequate provisioning of healthcare and banking services crucial to the IGMSY, it is premature to implement a conditional maternal cash entitlement. Provisioning and monitoring of the supply of these necessary services is essential, prior to incentivizing demand for them.<br /><br /><em>What issues do CCTs ignore?<br /></em><br />In India, socio-cultural factors prevent women from demanding and accessing adequate health services, rest and nutrition. Due to patriarchal practices, men often make financial decisions in a household. This prevents many women from using IGMSY cash for nutrition and rest during or after pregnancy. CCT also ignores the special attention vulnerable groups require. RSOC data for children aged 12-23 months shows 62% of Scheduled Castes (SC) and 56% of Scheduled Tribes (ST) receive the full set of recommended vaccinations, as compared to nearly 72% of other children (excluding other backward classes).<br /><br /><em>Need of the hour<br /></em><br />The government must recognize that the IGMSY eligibility criteria and conditions contravene the NFSA that entitles all women to a maternal cash entitlement. For this reason it should provide universal and unconditional cash entitlement. Though maternal cash entitlements are necessary, non-financial factors also affect women&rsquo;s rest, nutrition and health. Community- and family-level interventions are required to reduce women&rsquo;s work burden. Targeted interventions, which look beyond financial incentivization, are required to address health-service utilization within vulnerable groups.<br /><br />Finally, there is a need to evaluate if implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end, instead of one of the means to improving maternal and infant health. If the current government ignores non-cash-based initiatives, the effectiveness of cash transfers that it is championing will be undermined and it will render the improvement of maternal and child health an unattainable goal.<br /><br /><em>Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja are, respectively, a researcher with specialization in social-welfare policy and research associate with the Institute of Social Studies Trust<br /></em><br /></div>',
	'lang' => 'English',
	'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/',
	'site_title' => 'im4change',
	'adminprix' => 'admin'
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	'id' => (int) 29283,
	'title' => 'Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja',
	'subheading' => '',
	'description' => '<div align="justify">
-Livemint.com<br />
<em><br />
There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end <br />
</em><br />
On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement the maternal cash entitlement guaranteed in the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA). Section 4 of the NFSA entitles all pregnant and lactating women to Rs. 6,000, if they are not receiving similar entitlements under another law. The previous government had used an existing pilot of a conditional cash transfer scheme (CCT) to implement this entitlement. A reflection on this approach is required to determine its appropriateness for implementing the NFSA guaranteed maternal cash entitlement.<br />
<br />
<em>The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana<br />
</em><br />
Since 2010, a CCT called the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) has been piloted in 53 districts. CCTs provide beneficiaries cash on fulfilment of certain requirements.<br />
<br />
The IGMSY aims to improve maternal rest and nutrition, and child health by incentivising appropriate care practices such as ante-natal checks (ANCs), vaccinations and breastfeeding. It is limited to the first two live births of women aged above 18 years. In September 2013, the MWCD revised the IGMSY cash amount from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,000, in keeping with the NFSA-defined maternal cash entitlement. While choosing a CCT, the then United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government ignored the fact that for a CCT to be impactful there should be adequate supply of services. In other words the IGMSY will achieve its aims if there is adequate supply of healthcare services, medication, staff and infrastructure in the form of healthcare centres, banks and equipment. Furthermore, women must know about entitlements, conditions and processes.<br />
<br />
<em>Status of IGMSY-related services<br />
</em><br />
The nation-wide Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (RSOC) conducted by the MWCD and the United Nations Children&rsquo;s Fund indicates serious shortfalls in the supply of IGMSY-related services. For example, under the IGMSY it is mandatory for mothers to attend three counselling sessions within three months of delivery. The RSOC shows that 65% village child-care centres provide nutrition and health education (NHE) and 61% have ANCs. Awareness about these services is low amongst pregnant women, with 17% aware of NHE and 30% aware of ANCs. Thus, increased service provisioning and awareness building among women is needed.<br />
<br />
Shortages also exist in infrastructure and staffing. For instance, RSOC data shows that 28% of village centres do not have functional weighing scales for babies and 48% do not have one for adults. MWCD data indicates that as of March 2014 nearly one-third posts of block-level supervisors and project officers were vacant. Such shortages will likely affect the quality of implementation and monitoring.<br />
<br />
IGMSY cash is only paid into a bank or postal account. Distance from banks, inefficient functioning and long waiting hours often require women to forgo multiple days&rsquo; wages. Given the inadequate provisioning of healthcare and banking services crucial to the IGMSY, it is premature to implement a conditional maternal cash entitlement. Provisioning and monitoring of the supply of these necessary services is essential, prior to incentivizing demand for them.<br />
<br />
<em>What issues do CCTs ignore?<br />
</em><br />
In India, socio-cultural factors prevent women from demanding and accessing adequate health services, rest and nutrition. Due to patriarchal practices, men often make financial decisions in a household. This prevents many women from using IGMSY cash for nutrition and rest during or after pregnancy. CCT also ignores the special attention vulnerable groups require. RSOC data for children aged 12-23 months shows 62% of Scheduled Castes (SC) and 56% of Scheduled Tribes (ST) receive the full set of recommended vaccinations, as compared to nearly 72% of other children (excluding other backward classes).<br />
<br />
<em>Need of the hour<br />
</em><br />
The government must recognize that the IGMSY eligibility criteria and conditions contravene the NFSA that entitles all women to a maternal cash entitlement. For this reason it should provide universal and unconditional cash entitlement. Though maternal cash entitlements are necessary, non-financial factors also affect women&rsquo;s rest, nutrition and health. Community- and family-level interventions are required to reduce women&rsquo;s work burden. Targeted interventions, which look beyond financial incentivization, are required to address health-service utilization within vulnerable groups.<br />
<br />
Finally, there is a need to evaluate if implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end, instead of one of the means to improving maternal and infant health. If the current government ignores non-cash-based initiatives, the effectiveness of cash transfers that it is championing will be undermined and it will render the improvement of maternal and child health an unattainable goal.<br />
<br />
<em>Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja are, respectively, a researcher with specialization in social-welfare policy and research associate with the Institute of Social Studies Trust<br />
</em><br />
</div>',
	'credit_writer' => 'Livemint.com, 25 September, 2015, http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/jkADndOGxWnvDpbUbQ8uVL/Rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements.html',
	'article_img' => '',
	'article_img_thumb' => '',
	'status' => (int) 1,
	'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
	'lang' => 'EN',
	'category_id' => (int) 16,
	'tag_keyword' => '',
	'seo_url' => 'rethinking-conditional-maternal-entitlements-vanita-leah-falcao-and-jasmeet-khanuja-4677338',
	'meta_title' => null,
	'meta_keywords' => null,
	'meta_description' => null,
	'noindex' => (int) 0,
	'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	'most_visit_section_id' => null,
	'article_big_img' => null,
	'liveid' => (int) 4677338,
	'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'edate' => '',
	'tags' => [
		(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 6 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	'[new]' => false,
	'[accessible]' => [
		'*' => true,
		'id' => false
	],
	'[dirty]' => [],
	'[original]' => [],
	'[virtual]' => [],
	'[hasErrors]' => false,
	'[errors]' => [],
	'[invalid]' => [],
	'[repository]' => 'Articles'

}
$articleid = (int) 29283
$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja'
$metaKeywords = 'Rapid Survey of Children,cash transfer,cash transfers,Maternal Entitlements,National Food Security Act,NFSA,Conditional Cash Transfer,Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY),Maternal Health'
$metaDesc = '
-Livemint.com

There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end 

On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><em><br />There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end <br /></em><br />On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement the maternal cash entitlement guaranteed in the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA). Section 4 of the NFSA entitles all pregnant and lactating women to Rs. 6,000, if they are not receiving similar entitlements under another law. The previous government had used an existing pilot of a conditional cash transfer scheme (CCT) to implement this entitlement. A reflection on this approach is required to determine its appropriateness for implementing the NFSA guaranteed maternal cash entitlement.<br /><br /><em>The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana<br /></em><br />Since 2010, a CCT called the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) has been piloted in 53 districts. CCTs provide beneficiaries cash on fulfilment of certain requirements.<br /><br />The IGMSY aims to improve maternal rest and nutrition, and child health by incentivising appropriate care practices such as ante-natal checks (ANCs), vaccinations and breastfeeding. It is limited to the first two live births of women aged above 18 years. In September 2013, the MWCD revised the IGMSY cash amount from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,000, in keeping with the NFSA-defined maternal cash entitlement. While choosing a CCT, the then United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government ignored the fact that for a CCT to be impactful there should be adequate supply of services. In other words the IGMSY will achieve its aims if there is adequate supply of healthcare services, medication, staff and infrastructure in the form of healthcare centres, banks and equipment. Furthermore, women must know about entitlements, conditions and processes.<br /><br /><em>Status of IGMSY-related services<br /></em><br />The nation-wide Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (RSOC) conducted by the MWCD and the United Nations Children&rsquo;s Fund indicates serious shortfalls in the supply of IGMSY-related services. For example, under the IGMSY it is mandatory for mothers to attend three counselling sessions within three months of delivery. The RSOC shows that 65% village child-care centres provide nutrition and health education (NHE) and 61% have ANCs. Awareness about these services is low amongst pregnant women, with 17% aware of NHE and 30% aware of ANCs. Thus, increased service provisioning and awareness building among women is needed.<br /><br />Shortages also exist in infrastructure and staffing. For instance, RSOC data shows that 28% of village centres do not have functional weighing scales for babies and 48% do not have one for adults. MWCD data indicates that as of March 2014 nearly one-third posts of block-level supervisors and project officers were vacant. Such shortages will likely affect the quality of implementation and monitoring.<br /><br />IGMSY cash is only paid into a bank or postal account. Distance from banks, inefficient functioning and long waiting hours often require women to forgo multiple days&rsquo; wages. Given the inadequate provisioning of healthcare and banking services crucial to the IGMSY, it is premature to implement a conditional maternal cash entitlement. Provisioning and monitoring of the supply of these necessary services is essential, prior to incentivizing demand for them.<br /><br /><em>What issues do CCTs ignore?<br /></em><br />In India, socio-cultural factors prevent women from demanding and accessing adequate health services, rest and nutrition. Due to patriarchal practices, men often make financial decisions in a household. This prevents many women from using IGMSY cash for nutrition and rest during or after pregnancy. CCT also ignores the special attention vulnerable groups require. RSOC data for children aged 12-23 months shows 62% of Scheduled Castes (SC) and 56% of Scheduled Tribes (ST) receive the full set of recommended vaccinations, as compared to nearly 72% of other children (excluding other backward classes).<br /><br /><em>Need of the hour<br /></em><br />The government must recognize that the IGMSY eligibility criteria and conditions contravene the NFSA that entitles all women to a maternal cash entitlement. For this reason it should provide universal and unconditional cash entitlement. Though maternal cash entitlements are necessary, non-financial factors also affect women&rsquo;s rest, nutrition and health. Community- and family-level interventions are required to reduce women&rsquo;s work burden. Targeted interventions, which look beyond financial incentivization, are required to address health-service utilization within vulnerable groups.<br /><br />Finally, there is a need to evaluate if implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end, instead of one of the means to improving maternal and infant health. If the current government ignores non-cash-based initiatives, the effectiveness of cash transfers that it is championing will be undermined and it will render the improvement of maternal and child health an unattainable goal.<br /><br /><em>Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja are, respectively, a researcher with specialization in social-welfare policy and research associate with the Institute of Social Studies Trust<br /></em><br /></div>'
$lang = 'English'
$SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/'
$site_title = 'im4change'
$adminprix = 'admin'

include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51

Rethinking conditional maternal entitlements -Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja

-Livemint.com There is a need to evaluate whether implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end On 4 September, the ministry of women and child development (MWCD) was issued a notice by the Supreme Court questioning its failure to implement the maternal cash entitlement guaranteed in the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA). Section 4 of the NFSA entitles all pregnant and lactating women to Rs. 6,000, if they are not receiving similar entitlements under another law. The previous government had used an existing pilot of a conditional cash transfer scheme (CCT) to implement this entitlement. A reflection on this approach is required to determine its appropriateness for implementing the NFSA guaranteed maternal cash entitlement. The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana Since 2010, a CCT called the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) has been piloted in 53 districts. CCTs provide beneficiaries cash on fulfilment of certain requirements. The IGMSY aims to improve maternal rest and nutrition, and child health by incentivising appropriate care practices such as ante-natal checks (ANCs), vaccinations and breastfeeding. It is limited to the first two live births of women aged above 18 years. In September 2013, the MWCD revised the IGMSY cash amount from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,000, in keeping with the NFSA-defined maternal cash entitlement. While choosing a CCT, the then United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government ignored the fact that for a CCT to be impactful there should be adequate supply of services. In other words the IGMSY will achieve its aims if there is adequate supply of healthcare services, medication, staff and infrastructure in the form of healthcare centres, banks and equipment. Furthermore, women must know about entitlements, conditions and processes. Status of IGMSY-related services The nation-wide Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (RSOC) conducted by the MWCD and the United Nations Children’s Fund indicates serious shortfalls in the supply of IGMSY-related services. For example, under the IGMSY it is mandatory for mothers to attend three counselling sessions within three months of delivery. The RSOC shows that 65% village child-care centres provide nutrition and health education (NHE) and 61% have ANCs. Awareness about these services is low amongst pregnant women, with 17% aware of NHE and 30% aware of ANCs. Thus, increased service provisioning and awareness building among women is needed. Shortages also exist in infrastructure and staffing. For instance, RSOC data shows that 28% of village centres do not have functional weighing scales for babies and 48% do not have one for adults. MWCD data indicates that as of March 2014 nearly one-third posts of block-level supervisors and project officers were vacant. Such shortages will likely affect the quality of implementation and monitoring. IGMSY cash is only paid into a bank or postal account. Distance from banks, inefficient functioning and long waiting hours often require women to forgo multiple days’ wages. Given the inadequate provisioning of healthcare and banking services crucial to the IGMSY, it is premature to implement a conditional maternal cash entitlement. Provisioning and monitoring of the supply of these necessary services is essential, prior to incentivizing demand for them. What issues do CCTs ignore? In India, socio-cultural factors prevent women from demanding and accessing adequate health services, rest and nutrition. Due to patriarchal practices, men often make financial decisions in a household. This prevents many women from using IGMSY cash for nutrition and rest during or after pregnancy. CCT also ignores the special attention vulnerable groups require. RSOC data for children aged 12-23 months shows 62% of Scheduled Castes (SC) and 56% of Scheduled Tribes (ST) receive the full set of recommended vaccinations, as compared to nearly 72% of other children (excluding other backward classes). Need of the hour The government must recognize that the IGMSY eligibility criteria and conditions contravene the NFSA that entitles all women to a maternal cash entitlement. For this reason it should provide universal and unconditional cash entitlement. Though maternal cash entitlements are necessary, non-financial factors also affect women’s rest, nutrition and health. Community- and family-level interventions are required to reduce women’s work burden. Targeted interventions, which look beyond financial incentivization, are required to address health-service utilization within vulnerable groups. Finally, there is a need to evaluate if implementing a cash transfer programme has become the end, instead of one of the means to improving maternal and infant health. If the current government ignores non-cash-based initiatives, the effectiveness of cash transfers that it is championing will be undermined and it will render the improvement of maternal and child health an unattainable goal. Vanita Leah Falcao and Jasmeet Khanuja are, respectively, a researcher with specialization in social-welfare policy and research associate with the Institute of Social Studies Trust