Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The century-old the law against homosexuality was imposed on pre-independent India in accordance with the Christian principles on which the British kingdom was founded. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
New Delhi: &lt;/em&gt;India was introduced to the law against homosexuality almost 80 years before it became independent. At its zenith, the British Empire as part of its &amp;lsquo;civilising mission&amp;rsquo; imposed the criminal law of England, including the anti-sodomy law, on its colonies.&amp;nbsp; While the United Kingdom Parliament legalised homosexuality in England and Wales way back in 1967, and Scotland in 1980, several British colonies &amp;mdash; India until today &amp;mdash; are yet to junk the colonial-era law.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;The early history of England incorporated in its common law an offence of &amp;lsquo;sodomy&amp;rsquo; in the context of the provision of protection against those who endangered the Christian principles on which the kingdom was founded,&amp;rdquo; writes Australian jurist and academic Michael Kirby in his article, &amp;ldquo;The sodomy offence: England&amp;rsquo;s least lovely criminal law export?&amp;rdquo;. This was back in the thirteenth century when England was yet to experience the Catholic Reformation and there were barely any lines distinguishing the Roman Church from the State. At this point in time, the law was targeted not just on homosexuality, but on any kind of sexual activity that was not done with the intention of procreation. Therefore, the law was directed towards anybody considered a &amp;lsquo;polluter&amp;rsquo; including Jews, heretics, lepers, prostitutes, and sodomites.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When England experienced the Catholic reformation under Henry VII, and the English church severed its ties with Rome, the English common law had to be revised. The statute of 1533 considered sodomy a crime under the description of the &amp;ldquo;detestable and abominable Vice of Buggery committed with mankind or beast&amp;rdquo;. The Buggery Act of 1533 was the country&amp;rsquo;s first civil law against sodomy. The offence was made punishable by death.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The century-old the law against homosexuality was imposed on pre-independent India in accordance with the Christian principles on which the British kingdom was founded. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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                <strong>Section 377: A British legacy from which we have finally broken free -Adrija Roychowdhury</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>The century-old the law against homosexuality was imposed on pre-independent India in accordance with the Christian principles on which the British kingdom was founded. <br /><br />New Delhi: </em>India was introduced to the law against homosexuality almost 80 years before it became independent. At its zenith, the British Empire as part of its &lsquo;civilising mission&rsquo; imposed the criminal law of England, including the anti-sodomy law, on its colonies.&nbsp; While the United Kingdom Parliament legalised homosexuality in England and Wales way back in 1967, and Scotland in 1980, several British colonies &mdash; India until today &mdash; are yet to junk the colonial-era law.<br /><br />&ldquo;The early history of England incorporated in its common law an offence of &lsquo;sodomy&rsquo; in the context of the provision of protection against those who endangered the Christian principles on which the kingdom was founded,&rdquo; writes Australian jurist and academic Michael Kirby in his article, &ldquo;The sodomy offence: England&rsquo;s least lovely criminal law export?&rdquo;. This was back in the thirteenth century when England was yet to experience the Catholic Reformation and there were barely any lines distinguishing the Roman Church from the State. At this point in time, the law was targeted not just on homosexuality, but on any kind of sexual activity that was not done with the intention of procreation. Therefore, the law was directed towards anybody considered a &lsquo;polluter&rsquo; including Jews, heretics, lepers, prostitutes, and sodomites.<br /><br />When England experienced the Catholic reformation under Henry VII, and the English church severed its ties with Rome, the English common law had to be revised. The statute of 1533 considered sodomy a crime under the description of the &ldquo;detestable and abominable Vice of Buggery committed with mankind or beast&rdquo;. The Buggery Act of 1533 was the country&rsquo;s first civil law against sodomy. The offence was made punishable by death.<br /><br />Under the reign of Mary I who was the descendant of Henry VII, the statute was repealed with the intention that the Church would take decisions on such matters. However, it was re-enacted by Parliament under the reign of Elizabeth I in 1563. By now, a number of writers on English law wrote extensively on how grave the offence of sodomy is.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/research/section-377-a-british-legacy-from-which-we-have-finally-broken-free-5342898/" title="https://indianexpress.com/article/research/section-377-a-british-legacy-from-which-we-have-finally-broken-free-5342898/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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&lt;em&gt;The century-old the law against homosexuality was imposed on pre-independent India in accordance with the Christian principles on which the British kingdom was founded. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
New Delhi: &lt;/em&gt;India was introduced to the law against homosexuality almost 80 years before it became independent. At its zenith, the British Empire as part of its &amp;lsquo;civilising mission&amp;rsquo; imposed the criminal law of England, including the anti-sodomy law, on its colonies.&amp;nbsp; While the United Kingdom Parliament legalised homosexuality in England and Wales way back in 1967, and Scotland in 1980, several British colonies &amp;mdash; India until today &amp;mdash; are yet to junk the colonial-era law.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;The early history of England incorporated in its common law an offence of &amp;lsquo;sodomy&amp;rsquo; in the context of the provision of protection against those who endangered the Christian principles on which the kingdom was founded,&amp;rdquo; writes Australian jurist and academic Michael Kirby in his article, &amp;ldquo;The sodomy offence: England&amp;rsquo;s least lovely criminal law export?&amp;rdquo;. This was back in the thirteenth century when England was yet to experience the Catholic Reformation and there were barely any lines distinguishing the Roman Church from the State. At this point in time, the law was targeted not just on homosexuality, but on any kind of sexual activity that was not done with the intention of procreation. Therefore, the law was directed towards anybody considered a &amp;lsquo;polluter&amp;rsquo; including Jews, heretics, lepers, prostitutes, and sodomites.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When England experienced the Catholic reformation under Henry VII, and the English church severed its ties with Rome, the English common law had to be revised. The statute of 1533 considered sodomy a crime under the description of the &amp;ldquo;detestable and abominable Vice of Buggery committed with mankind or beast&amp;rdquo;. The Buggery Act of 1533 was the country&amp;rsquo;s first civil law against sodomy. The offence was made punishable by death.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;em&gt;The century-old the law against homosexuality was imposed on pre-independent India in accordance with the Christian principles on which the British kingdom was founded. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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When England experienced the Catholic reformation under Henry VII, and the English church severed its ties with Rome, the English common law had to be revised. The statute of 1533 considered sodomy a crime under the description of the &amp;ldquo;detestable and abominable Vice of Buggery committed with mankind or beast&amp;rdquo;. The Buggery Act of 1533 was the country&amp;rsquo;s first civil law against sodomy. The offence was made punishable by death.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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-The Indian Express

The century-old the law against homosexuality was imposed on pre-independent India in accordance with the Christian principles on which the British kingdom was founded. 

New Delhi: India was introduced to the law against homosexuality almost 80 years before..."/>
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                <strong>Section 377: A British legacy from which we have finally broken free -Adrija Roychowdhury</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>The century-old the law against homosexuality was imposed on pre-independent India in accordance with the Christian principles on which the British kingdom was founded. <br /><br />New Delhi: </em>India was introduced to the law against homosexuality almost 80 years before it became independent. At its zenith, the British Empire as part of its &lsquo;civilising mission&rsquo; imposed the criminal law of England, including the anti-sodomy law, on its colonies.&nbsp; While the United Kingdom Parliament legalised homosexuality in England and Wales way back in 1967, and Scotland in 1980, several British colonies &mdash; India until today &mdash; are yet to junk the colonial-era law.<br /><br />&ldquo;The early history of England incorporated in its common law an offence of &lsquo;sodomy&rsquo; in the context of the provision of protection against those who endangered the Christian principles on which the kingdom was founded,&rdquo; writes Australian jurist and academic Michael Kirby in his article, &ldquo;The sodomy offence: England&rsquo;s least lovely criminal law export?&rdquo;. This was back in the thirteenth century when England was yet to experience the Catholic Reformation and there were barely any lines distinguishing the Roman Church from the State. At this point in time, the law was targeted not just on homosexuality, but on any kind of sexual activity that was not done with the intention of procreation. Therefore, the law was directed towards anybody considered a &lsquo;polluter&rsquo; including Jews, heretics, lepers, prostitutes, and sodomites.<br /><br />When England experienced the Catholic reformation under Henry VII, and the English church severed its ties with Rome, the English common law had to be revised. The statute of 1533 considered sodomy a crime under the description of the &ldquo;detestable and abominable Vice of Buggery committed with mankind or beast&rdquo;. The Buggery Act of 1533 was the country&rsquo;s first civil law against sodomy. The offence was made punishable by death.<br /><br />Under the reign of Mary I who was the descendant of Henry VII, the statute was repealed with the intention that the Church would take decisions on such matters. However, it was re-enacted by Parliament under the reign of Elizabeth I in 1563. By now, a number of writers on English law wrote extensively on how grave the offence of sodomy is.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/research/section-377-a-british-legacy-from-which-we-have-finally-broken-free-5342898/" title="https://indianexpress.com/article/research/section-377-a-british-legacy-from-which-we-have-finally-broken-free-5342898/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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&lt;em&gt;The century-old the law against homosexuality was imposed on pre-independent India in accordance with the Christian principles on which the British kingdom was founded. &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;ldquo;The early history of England incorporated in its common law an offence of &amp;lsquo;sodomy&amp;rsquo; in the context of the provision of protection against those who endangered the Christian principles on which the kingdom was founded,&amp;rdquo; writes Australian jurist and academic Michael Kirby in his article, &amp;ldquo;The sodomy offence: England&amp;rsquo;s least lovely criminal law export?&amp;rdquo;. This was back in the thirteenth century when England was yet to experience the Catholic Reformation and there were barely any lines distinguishing the Roman Church from the State. At this point in time, the law was targeted not just on homosexuality, but on any kind of sexual activity that was not done with the intention of procreation. Therefore, the law was directed towards anybody considered a &amp;lsquo;polluter&amp;rsquo; including Jews, heretics, lepers, prostitutes, and sodomites.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The century-old the law against homosexuality was imposed on pre-independent India in accordance with the Christian principles on which the British kingdom was founded. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
New Delhi: &lt;/em&gt;India was introduced to the law against homosexuality almost 80 years before it became independent. At its zenith, the British Empire as part of its &amp;lsquo;civilising mission&amp;rsquo; imposed the criminal law of England, including the anti-sodomy law, on its colonies.&amp;nbsp; While the United Kingdom Parliament legalised homosexuality in England and Wales way back in 1967, and Scotland in 1980, several British colonies &amp;mdash; India until today &amp;mdash; are yet to junk the colonial-era law.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
When England experienced the Catholic reformation under Henry VII, and the English church severed its ties with Rome, the English common law had to be revised. The statute of 1533 considered sodomy a crime under the description of the &amp;ldquo;detestable and abominable Vice of Buggery committed with mankind or beast&amp;rdquo;. The Buggery Act of 1533 was the country&amp;rsquo;s first civil law against sodomy. The offence was made punishable by death.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Under the reign of Mary I who was the descendant of Henry VII, the statute was repealed with the intention that the Church would take decisions on such matters. However, it was re-enacted by Parliament under the reign of Elizabeth I in 1563. By now, a number of writers on English law wrote extensively on how grave the offence of sodomy is.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/research/section-377-a-british-legacy-from-which-we-have-finally-broken-free-5342898/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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The century-old the law against homosexuality was imposed on pre-independent India in accordance with the Christian principles on which the British kingdom was founded. 

New Delhi: India was introduced to the law against homosexuality almost 80 years before..."/>
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                <strong>Section 377: A British legacy from which we have finally broken free -Adrija Roychowdhury</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>The century-old the law against homosexuality was imposed on pre-independent India in accordance with the Christian principles on which the British kingdom was founded. <br /><br />New Delhi: </em>India was introduced to the law against homosexuality almost 80 years before it became independent. At its zenith, the British Empire as part of its &lsquo;civilising mission&rsquo; imposed the criminal law of England, including the anti-sodomy law, on its colonies.&nbsp; While the United Kingdom Parliament legalised homosexuality in England and Wales way back in 1967, and Scotland in 1980, several British colonies &mdash; India until today &mdash; are yet to junk the colonial-era law.<br /><br />&ldquo;The early history of England incorporated in its common law an offence of &lsquo;sodomy&rsquo; in the context of the provision of protection against those who endangered the Christian principles on which the kingdom was founded,&rdquo; writes Australian jurist and academic Michael Kirby in his article, &ldquo;The sodomy offence: England&rsquo;s least lovely criminal law export?&rdquo;. This was back in the thirteenth century when England was yet to experience the Catholic Reformation and there were barely any lines distinguishing the Roman Church from the State. At this point in time, the law was targeted not just on homosexuality, but on any kind of sexual activity that was not done with the intention of procreation. Therefore, the law was directed towards anybody considered a &lsquo;polluter&rsquo; including Jews, heretics, lepers, prostitutes, and sodomites.<br /><br />When England experienced the Catholic reformation under Henry VII, and the English church severed its ties with Rome, the English common law had to be revised. The statute of 1533 considered sodomy a crime under the description of the &ldquo;detestable and abominable Vice of Buggery committed with mankind or beast&rdquo;. The Buggery Act of 1533 was the country&rsquo;s first civil law against sodomy. The offence was made punishable by death.<br /><br />Under the reign of Mary I who was the descendant of Henry VII, the statute was repealed with the intention that the Church would take decisions on such matters. However, it was re-enacted by Parliament under the reign of Elizabeth I in 1563. By now, a number of writers on English law wrote extensively on how grave the offence of sodomy is.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/research/section-377-a-british-legacy-from-which-we-have-finally-broken-free-5342898/" title="https://indianexpress.com/article/research/section-377-a-british-legacy-from-which-we-have-finally-broken-free-5342898/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Indian Express<br />
<br />
<em>The century-old the law against homosexuality was imposed on pre-independent India in accordance with the Christian principles on which the British kingdom was founded. <br />
<br />
New Delhi: </em>India was introduced to the law against homosexuality almost 80 years before it became independent. At its zenith, the British Empire as part of its &lsquo;civilising mission&rsquo; imposed the criminal law of England, including the anti-sodomy law, on its colonies.&nbsp; While the United Kingdom Parliament legalised homosexuality in England and Wales way back in 1967, and Scotland in 1980, several British colonies &mdash; India until today &mdash; are yet to junk the colonial-era law.<br />
<br />
&ldquo;The early history of England incorporated in its common law an offence of &lsquo;sodomy&rsquo; in the context of the provision of protection against those who endangered the Christian principles on which the kingdom was founded,&rdquo; writes Australian jurist and academic Michael Kirby in his article, &ldquo;The sodomy offence: England&rsquo;s least lovely criminal law export?&rdquo;. This was back in the thirteenth century when England was yet to experience the Catholic Reformation and there were barely any lines distinguishing the Roman Church from the State. At this point in time, the law was targeted not just on homosexuality, but on any kind of sexual activity that was not done with the intention of procreation. Therefore, the law was directed towards anybody considered a &lsquo;polluter&rsquo; including Jews, heretics, lepers, prostitutes, and sodomites.<br />
<br />
When England experienced the Catholic reformation under Henry VII, and the English church severed its ties with Rome, the English common law had to be revised. The statute of 1533 considered sodomy a crime under the description of the &ldquo;detestable and abominable Vice of Buggery committed with mankind or beast&rdquo;. The Buggery Act of 1533 was the country&rsquo;s first civil law against sodomy. The offence was made punishable by death.<br />
<br />
Under the reign of Mary I who was the descendant of Henry VII, the statute was repealed with the intention that the Church would take decisions on such matters. However, it was re-enacted by Parliament under the reign of Elizabeth I in 1563. By now, a number of writers on English law wrote extensively on how grave the offence of sodomy is.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/research/section-377-a-british-legacy-from-which-we-have-finally-broken-free-5342898/">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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-The Indian Express<br />
<br />
<em>The century-old the law against homosexuality was imposed on pre-independent India in accordance with the Christian principles on which the British kingdom was founded. <br />
<br />
New Delhi: </em>India was introduced to the law against homosexuality almost 80 years before it became independent. At its zenith, the British Empire as part of its &lsquo;civilising mission&rsquo; imposed the criminal law of England, including the anti-sodomy law, on its colonies.&nbsp; While the United Kingdom Parliament legalised homosexuality in England and Wales way back in 1967, and Scotland in 1980, several British colonies &mdash; India until today &mdash; are yet to junk the colonial-era law.<br />
<br />
&ldquo;The early history of England incorporated in its common law an offence of &lsquo;sodomy&rsquo; in the context of the provision of protection against those who endangered the Christian principles on which the kingdom was founded,&rdquo; writes Australian jurist and academic Michael Kirby in his article, &ldquo;The sodomy offence: England&rsquo;s least lovely criminal law export?&rdquo;. This was back in the thirteenth century when England was yet to experience the Catholic Reformation and there were barely any lines distinguishing the Roman Church from the State. At this point in time, the law was targeted not just on homosexuality, but on any kind of sexual activity that was not done with the intention of procreation. Therefore, the law was directed towards anybody considered a &lsquo;polluter&rsquo; including Jews, heretics, lepers, prostitutes, and sodomites.<br />
<br />
When England experienced the Catholic reformation under Henry VII, and the English church severed its ties with Rome, the English common law had to be revised. The statute of 1533 considered sodomy a crime under the description of the &ldquo;detestable and abominable Vice of Buggery committed with mankind or beast&rdquo;. The Buggery Act of 1533 was the country&rsquo;s first civil law against sodomy. The offence was made punishable by death.<br />
<br />
Under the reign of Mary I who was the descendant of Henry VII, the statute was repealed with the intention that the Church would take decisions on such matters. However, it was re-enacted by Parliament under the reign of Elizabeth I in 1563. By now, a number of writers on English law wrote extensively on how grave the offence of sodomy is.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/research/section-377-a-british-legacy-from-which-we-have-finally-broken-free-5342898/">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Section 377: A British legacy from which we have finally broken free -Adrija Roychowdhury'
$metaKeywords = 'Supreme Court,Supreme Court of India,Transgender,Bisexual,Gay,Lesbian,Homosexuality'
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-The Indian Express

The century-old the law against homosexuality was imposed on pre-independent India in accordance with the Christian principles on which the British kingdom was founded. 

New Delhi: India was introduced to the law against homosexuality almost 80 years before...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>The century-old the law against homosexuality was imposed on pre-independent India in accordance with the Christian principles on which the British kingdom was founded. <br /><br />New Delhi: </em>India was introduced to the law against homosexuality almost 80 years before it became independent. At its zenith, the British Empire as part of its &lsquo;civilising mission&rsquo; imposed the criminal law of England, including the anti-sodomy law, on its colonies.&nbsp; While the United Kingdom Parliament legalised homosexuality in England and Wales way back in 1967, and Scotland in 1980, several British colonies &mdash; India until today &mdash; are yet to junk the colonial-era law.<br /><br />&ldquo;The early history of England incorporated in its common law an offence of &lsquo;sodomy&rsquo; in the context of the provision of protection against those who endangered the Christian principles on which the kingdom was founded,&rdquo; writes Australian jurist and academic Michael Kirby in his article, &ldquo;The sodomy offence: England&rsquo;s least lovely criminal law export?&rdquo;. This was back in the thirteenth century when England was yet to experience the Catholic Reformation and there were barely any lines distinguishing the Roman Church from the State. At this point in time, the law was targeted not just on homosexuality, but on any kind of sexual activity that was not done with the intention of procreation. Therefore, the law was directed towards anybody considered a &lsquo;polluter&rsquo; including Jews, heretics, lepers, prostitutes, and sodomites.<br /><br />When England experienced the Catholic reformation under Henry VII, and the English church severed its ties with Rome, the English common law had to be revised. The statute of 1533 considered sodomy a crime under the description of the &ldquo;detestable and abominable Vice of Buggery committed with mankind or beast&rdquo;. The Buggery Act of 1533 was the country&rsquo;s first civil law against sodomy. The offence was made punishable by death.<br /><br />Under the reign of Mary I who was the descendant of Henry VII, the statute was repealed with the intention that the Church would take decisions on such matters. However, it was re-enacted by Parliament under the reign of Elizabeth I in 1563. By now, a number of writers on English law wrote extensively on how grave the offence of sodomy is.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/research/section-377-a-british-legacy-from-which-we-have-finally-broken-free-5342898/" title="https://indianexpress.com/article/research/section-377-a-british-legacy-from-which-we-have-finally-broken-free-5342898/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>'
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Section 377: A British legacy from which we have finally broken free -Adrija Roychowdhury

-The Indian Express The century-old the law against homosexuality was imposed on pre-independent India in accordance with the Christian principles on which the British kingdom was founded. New Delhi: India was introduced to the law against homosexuality almost 80 years before it became independent. At its zenith, the British Empire as part of its ‘civilising mission’ imposed the criminal law of England, including the anti-sodomy law, on its colonies.  While the United Kingdom Parliament legalised homosexuality in England and Wales way back in 1967, and Scotland in 1980, several British colonies — India until today — are yet to junk the colonial-era law. “The early history of England incorporated in its common law an offence of ‘sodomy’ in the context of the provision of protection against those who endangered the Christian principles on which the kingdom was founded,” writes Australian jurist and academic Michael Kirby in his article, “The sodomy offence: England’s least lovely criminal law export?”. This was back in the thirteenth century when England was yet to experience the Catholic Reformation and there were barely any lines distinguishing the Roman Church from the State. At this point in time, the law was targeted not just on homosexuality, but on any kind of sexual activity that was not done with the intention of procreation. Therefore, the law was directed towards anybody considered a ‘polluter’ including Jews, heretics, lepers, prostitutes, and sodomites. When England experienced the Catholic reformation under Henry VII, and the English church severed its ties with Rome, the English common law had to be revised. The statute of 1533 considered sodomy a crime under the description of the “detestable and abominable Vice of Buggery committed with mankind or beast”. The Buggery Act of 1533 was the country’s first civil law against sodomy. The offence was made punishable by death. Under the reign of Mary I who was the descendant of Henry VII, the statute was repealed with the intention that the Church would take decisions on such matters. However, it was re-enacted by Parliament under the reign of Elizabeth I in 1563. By now, a number of writers on English law wrote extensively on how grave the offence of sodomy is. Please click here to read more.