Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f160d9d61e4-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f160d9d61e4-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f160d9d61e4-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f160d9d61e4-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f160d9d61e4-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f160d9d61e4-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f160d9d61e4-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f160d9d61e4-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
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		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Sexual assault bill okayed by Cabinet covers most forms of exploitation&#039;,
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-The Times of India
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &amp;quot;position of authority&amp;quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.
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The fine print of Thursday&#039;s Cabinet decision also retains an important caveat to making 18 the age of consent with an exception being made -- with reference to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code -- that the enhanced age bar will not apply in the case of married couples.
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In other words, sexual intercourse within marriage will not amount to statutory rape if the wife is less than 18 years of age. The exception seems to keep in mind India&#039;s social reality, particularly in rural areas, where the female age of marriage is often below 18 despite legal provisions.
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&lt;br /&gt;
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Section 375 says, &amp;quot;Sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape.&amp;quot;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
Sexual crimes due to abuse of authority, termed as &amp;quot;aggravated assault&amp;quot;, have provisions that are both severe and widely defined. They not only include sexual crimes by police officials and heads of institutions caring for women and children, but also incest-rapes by close relatives such as fathers, brothers and uncles.
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&lt;br /&gt;
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In such cases, the court&#039;s leeway in assessing evidence has been reduced. The new provisions say that the courts will have to presume that consent for sexual intercourse was not given if the victim says so. The account of the victim will prevail while judging consent, often central to deciding where rape has been committed. This will knock the &amp;quot;quality of consent&amp;quot; argument out of the court room.
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The punishment for aggravated sexual assault can range from 10 years to life in jail where an accused is seen to have abused a position of &amp;quot;social, economic or political dominance&amp;quot;. Similar clauses apply to assault where the victim is pregnant or where the crime results in grievous harm, the Cabinet note states.
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There is a specific provision for assault by an ex-husband where the punishment can range between 2 to 7 years in prison. As far as possible, victims of sexual assaults will not be confronted with persons accused of the crime while there are strict provisions for dealing with officials who fail to implement court orders.
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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
In the sections dealing with acid attacks, even an attempt to disfigure can attract tough punishment. So also intent to assault a person can be adjudged to be a crime.
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;em&gt;Times View&lt;/em&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
These changes in the laws covering sexual assault are for the most part welcome. Clearly, the change to the age of consent provision had to be made keeping the Indian reality in mind since it would otherwise have made even marital sex illegal where the woman was under 18 years of age. The wide definition of what constitutes a position of authority too is a positive development, since authority does not always flow only from formal positions. As with all laws, how well these changes work on the ground will depend on how effectively the law is enforced. That, in turn, will depend to a large extent on how well the police force is trained to shed its old mindsets and adopt the more modern, progressive outlook that the new provisions by and large reflect.
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Times of India, 21 July, 2012, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sexual-assault-bill-okayed-by-Cabinet-covers-most-forms-of-exploitation/articleshow/15065470.cms&#039;,
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-The Times of India





Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &amp;quot;position of authority&amp;quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.





The...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;-The Times of India&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &amp;quot;position of authority&amp;quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The fine print of Thursday&#039;s Cabinet decision also retains an important caveat to making 18 the age of consent with an exception being made -- with reference to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code -- that the enhanced age bar will not apply in the case of married couples.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;In other words, sexual intercourse within marriage will not amount to statutory rape if the wife is less than 18 years of age. The exception seems to keep in mind India&#039;s social reality, particularly in rural areas, where the female age of marriage is often below 18 despite legal provisions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Section 375 says, &amp;quot;Sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Sexual crimes due to abuse of authority, termed as &amp;quot;aggravated assault&amp;quot;, have provisions that are both severe and widely defined. They not only include sexual crimes by police officials and heads of institutions caring for women and children, but also incest-rapes by close relatives such as fathers, brothers and uncles.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;In such cases, the court&#039;s leeway in assessing evidence has been reduced. The new provisions say that the courts will have to presume that consent for sexual intercourse was not given if the victim says so. The account of the victim will prevail while judging consent, often central to deciding where rape has been committed. This will knock the &amp;quot;quality of consent&amp;quot; argument out of the court room.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The punishment for aggravated sexual assault can range from 10 years to life in jail where an accused is seen to have abused a position of &amp;quot;social, economic or political dominance&amp;quot;. Similar clauses apply to assault where the victim is pregnant or where the crime results in grievous harm, the Cabinet note states.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;There is a specific provision for assault by an ex-husband where the punishment can range between 2 to 7 years in prison. As far as possible, victims of sexual assaults will not be confronted with persons accused of the crime while there are strict provisions for dealing with officials who fail to implement court orders.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;In the sections dealing with acid attacks, even an attempt to disfigure can attract tough punishment. So also intent to assault a person can be adjudged to be a crime.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Times View&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;These changes in the laws covering sexual assault are for the most part welcome. Clearly, the change to the age of consent provision had to be made keeping the Indian reality in mind since it would otherwise have made even marital sex illegal where the woman was under 18 years of age. The wide definition of what constitutes a position of authority too is a positive development, since authority does not always flow only from formal positions. As with all laws, how well these changes work on the ground will depend on how effectively the law is enforced. That, in turn, will depend to a large extent on how well the police force is trained to shed its old mindsets and adopt the more modern, progressive outlook that the new provisions by and large reflect.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Sexual assault bill okayed by Cabinet covers most forms of exploitation&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
-The Times of India
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &amp;quot;position of authority&amp;quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
The fine print of Thursday&#039;s Cabinet decision also retains an important caveat to making 18 the age of consent with an exception being made -- with reference to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code -- that the enhanced age bar will not apply in the case of married couples.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
In other words, sexual intercourse within marriage will not amount to statutory rape if the wife is less than 18 years of age. The exception seems to keep in mind India&#039;s social reality, particularly in rural areas, where the female age of marriage is often below 18 despite legal provisions.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
Section 375 says, &amp;quot;Sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape.&amp;quot;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
Sexual crimes due to abuse of authority, termed as &amp;quot;aggravated assault&amp;quot;, have provisions that are both severe and widely defined. They not only include sexual crimes by police officials and heads of institutions caring for women and children, but also incest-rapes by close relatives such as fathers, brothers and uncles.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
In such cases, the court&#039;s leeway in assessing evidence has been reduced. The new provisions say that the courts will have to presume that consent for sexual intercourse was not given if the victim says so. The account of the victim will prevail while judging consent, often central to deciding where rape has been committed. This will knock the &amp;quot;quality of consent&amp;quot; argument out of the court room.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
The punishment for aggravated sexual assault can range from 10 years to life in jail where an accused is seen to have abused a position of &amp;quot;social, economic or political dominance&amp;quot;. Similar clauses apply to assault where the victim is pregnant or where the crime results in grievous harm, the Cabinet note states.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
There is a specific provision for assault by an ex-husband where the punishment can range between 2 to 7 years in prison. As far as possible, victims of sexual assaults will not be confronted with persons accused of the crime while there are strict provisions for dealing with officials who fail to implement court orders.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
In the sections dealing with acid attacks, even an attempt to disfigure can attract tough punishment. So also intent to assault a person can be adjudged to be a crime.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Times View&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
These changes in the laws covering sexual assault are for the most part welcome. Clearly, the change to the age of consent provision had to be made keeping the Indian reality in mind since it would otherwise have made even marital sex illegal where the woman was under 18 years of age. The wide definition of what constitutes a position of authority too is a positive development, since authority does not always flow only from formal positions. As with all laws, how well these changes work on the ground will depend on how effectively the law is enforced. That, in turn, will depend to a large extent on how well the police force is trained to shed its old mindsets and adopt the more modern, progressive outlook that the new provisions by and large reflect.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Times of India, 21 July, 2012, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sexual-assault-bill-okayed-by-Cabinet-covers-most-forms-of-exploitation/articleshow/15065470.cms&#039;,
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-The Times of India





Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &amp;quot;position of authority&amp;quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.





The...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;-The Times of India&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &amp;quot;position of authority&amp;quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The fine print of Thursday&#039;s Cabinet decision also retains an important caveat to making 18 the age of consent with an exception being made -- with reference to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code -- that the enhanced age bar will not apply in the case of married couples.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;In other words, sexual intercourse within marriage will not amount to statutory rape if the wife is less than 18 years of age. The exception seems to keep in mind India&#039;s social reality, particularly in rural areas, where the female age of marriage is often below 18 despite legal provisions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Section 375 says, &amp;quot;Sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Sexual crimes due to abuse of authority, termed as &amp;quot;aggravated assault&amp;quot;, have provisions that are both severe and widely defined. They not only include sexual crimes by police officials and heads of institutions caring for women and children, but also incest-rapes by close relatives such as fathers, brothers and uncles.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;In such cases, the court&#039;s leeway in assessing evidence has been reduced. The new provisions say that the courts will have to presume that consent for sexual intercourse was not given if the victim says so. The account of the victim will prevail while judging consent, often central to deciding where rape has been committed. This will knock the &amp;quot;quality of consent&amp;quot; argument out of the court room.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The punishment for aggravated sexual assault can range from 10 years to life in jail where an accused is seen to have abused a position of &amp;quot;social, economic or political dominance&amp;quot;. Similar clauses apply to assault where the victim is pregnant or where the crime results in grievous harm, the Cabinet note states.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;There is a specific provision for assault by an ex-husband where the punishment can range between 2 to 7 years in prison. As far as possible, victims of sexual assaults will not be confronted with persons accused of the crime while there are strict provisions for dealing with officials who fail to implement court orders.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;In the sections dealing with acid attacks, even an attempt to disfigure can attract tough punishment. So also intent to assault a person can be adjudged to be a crime.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Times View&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;These changes in the laws covering sexual assault are for the most part welcome. Clearly, the change to the age of consent provision had to be made keeping the Indian reality in mind since it would otherwise have made even marital sex illegal where the woman was under 18 years of age. The wide definition of what constitutes a position of authority too is a positive development, since authority does not always flow only from formal positions. As with all laws, how well these changes work on the ground will depend on how effectively the law is enforced. That, in turn, will depend to a large extent on how well the police force is trained to shed its old mindsets and adopt the more modern, progressive outlook that the new provisions by and large reflect.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-The Times of India





Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &quot;position of authority&quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.





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                <strong>Sexual assault bill okayed by Cabinet covers most forms of exploitation</strong></h1>
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                <div style="text-align: justify">-The Times of India</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &quot;position of authority&quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The fine print of Thursday's Cabinet decision also retains an important caveat to making 18 the age of consent with an exception being made -- with reference to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code -- that the enhanced age bar will not apply in the case of married couples.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">In other words, sexual intercourse within marriage will not amount to statutory rape if the wife is less than 18 years of age. The exception seems to keep in mind India's social reality, particularly in rural areas, where the female age of marriage is often below 18 despite legal provisions.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Section 375 says, &quot;Sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape.&quot;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Sexual crimes due to abuse of authority, termed as &quot;aggravated assault&quot;, have provisions that are both severe and widely defined. They not only include sexual crimes by police officials and heads of institutions caring for women and children, but also incest-rapes by close relatives such as fathers, brothers and uncles.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">In such cases, the court's leeway in assessing evidence has been reduced. The new provisions say that the courts will have to presume that consent for sexual intercourse was not given if the victim says so. The account of the victim will prevail while judging consent, often central to deciding where rape has been committed. This will knock the &quot;quality of consent&quot; argument out of the court room.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The punishment for aggravated sexual assault can range from 10 years to life in jail where an accused is seen to have abused a position of &quot;social, economic or political dominance&quot;. Similar clauses apply to assault where the victim is pregnant or where the crime results in grievous harm, the Cabinet note states.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">There is a specific provision for assault by an ex-husband where the punishment can range between 2 to 7 years in prison. As far as possible, victims of sexual assaults will not be confronted with persons accused of the crime while there are strict provisions for dealing with officials who fail to implement court orders.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">In the sections dealing with acid attacks, even an attempt to disfigure can attract tough punishment. So also intent to assault a person can be adjudged to be a crime.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify"><em>Times View</em></div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">These changes in the laws covering sexual assault are for the most part welcome. Clearly, the change to the age of consent provision had to be made keeping the Indian reality in mind since it would otherwise have made even marital sex illegal where the woman was under 18 years of age. The wide definition of what constitutes a position of authority too is a positive development, since authority does not always flow only from formal positions. As with all laws, how well these changes work on the ground will depend on how effectively the law is enforced. That, in turn, will depend to a large extent on how well the police force is trained to shed its old mindsets and adopt the more modern, progressive outlook that the new provisions by and large reflect.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div>               </font>
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-The Times of India
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&lt;br /&gt;
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Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &amp;quot;position of authority&amp;quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.
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The fine print of Thursday&#039;s Cabinet decision also retains an important caveat to making 18 the age of consent with an exception being made -- with reference to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code -- that the enhanced age bar will not apply in the case of married couples.
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In other words, sexual intercourse within marriage will not amount to statutory rape if the wife is less than 18 years of age. The exception seems to keep in mind India&#039;s social reality, particularly in rural areas, where the female age of marriage is often below 18 despite legal provisions.
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Section 375 says, &amp;quot;Sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape.&amp;quot;
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Sexual crimes due to abuse of authority, termed as &amp;quot;aggravated assault&amp;quot;, have provisions that are both severe and widely defined. They not only include sexual crimes by police officials and heads of institutions caring for women and children, but also incest-rapes by close relatives such as fathers, brothers and uncles.
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In such cases, the court&#039;s leeway in assessing evidence has been reduced. The new provisions say that the courts will have to presume that consent for sexual intercourse was not given if the victim says so. The account of the victim will prevail while judging consent, often central to deciding where rape has been committed. This will knock the &amp;quot;quality of consent&amp;quot; argument out of the court room.
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The punishment for aggravated sexual assault can range from 10 years to life in jail where an accused is seen to have abused a position of &amp;quot;social, economic or political dominance&amp;quot;. Similar clauses apply to assault where the victim is pregnant or where the crime results in grievous harm, the Cabinet note states.
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There is a specific provision for assault by an ex-husband where the punishment can range between 2 to 7 years in prison. As far as possible, victims of sexual assaults will not be confronted with persons accused of the crime while there are strict provisions for dealing with officials who fail to implement court orders.
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In the sections dealing with acid attacks, even an attempt to disfigure can attract tough punishment. So also intent to assault a person can be adjudged to be a crime.
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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;em&gt;Times View&lt;/em&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
These changes in the laws covering sexual assault are for the most part welcome. Clearly, the change to the age of consent provision had to be made keeping the Indian reality in mind since it would otherwise have made even marital sex illegal where the woman was under 18 years of age. The wide definition of what constitutes a position of authority too is a positive development, since authority does not always flow only from formal positions. As with all laws, how well these changes work on the ground will depend on how effectively the law is enforced. That, in turn, will depend to a large extent on how well the police force is trained to shed its old mindsets and adopt the more modern, progressive outlook that the new provisions by and large reflect.
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&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Times of India, 21 July, 2012, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sexual-assault-bill-okayed-by-Cabinet-covers-most-forms-of-exploitation/articleshow/15065470.cms&#039;,
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-The Times of India





Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &amp;quot;position of authority&amp;quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.





The...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;-The Times of India&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &amp;quot;position of authority&amp;quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The fine print of Thursday&#039;s Cabinet decision also retains an important caveat to making 18 the age of consent with an exception being made -- with reference to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code -- that the enhanced age bar will not apply in the case of married couples.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;In other words, sexual intercourse within marriage will not amount to statutory rape if the wife is less than 18 years of age. The exception seems to keep in mind India&#039;s social reality, particularly in rural areas, where the female age of marriage is often below 18 despite legal provisions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Section 375 says, &amp;quot;Sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Sexual crimes due to abuse of authority, termed as &amp;quot;aggravated assault&amp;quot;, have provisions that are both severe and widely defined. They not only include sexual crimes by police officials and heads of institutions caring for women and children, but also incest-rapes by close relatives such as fathers, brothers and uncles.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;In such cases, the court&#039;s leeway in assessing evidence has been reduced. The new provisions say that the courts will have to presume that consent for sexual intercourse was not given if the victim says so. The account of the victim will prevail while judging consent, often central to deciding where rape has been committed. This will knock the &amp;quot;quality of consent&amp;quot; argument out of the court room.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The punishment for aggravated sexual assault can range from 10 years to life in jail where an accused is seen to have abused a position of &amp;quot;social, economic or political dominance&amp;quot;. Similar clauses apply to assault where the victim is pregnant or where the crime results in grievous harm, the Cabinet note states.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;There is a specific provision for assault by an ex-husband where the punishment can range between 2 to 7 years in prison. As far as possible, victims of sexual assaults will not be confronted with persons accused of the crime while there are strict provisions for dealing with officials who fail to implement court orders.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;In the sections dealing with acid attacks, even an attempt to disfigure can attract tough punishment. So also intent to assault a person can be adjudged to be a crime.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Times View&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;These changes in the laws covering sexual assault are for the most part welcome. Clearly, the change to the age of consent provision had to be made keeping the Indian reality in mind since it would otherwise have made even marital sex illegal where the woman was under 18 years of age. The wide definition of what constitutes a position of authority too is a positive development, since authority does not always flow only from formal positions. As with all laws, how well these changes work on the ground will depend on how effectively the law is enforced. That, in turn, will depend to a large extent on how well the police force is trained to shed its old mindsets and adopt the more modern, progressive outlook that the new provisions by and large reflect.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Sexual assault bill okayed by Cabinet covers most forms of exploitation&#039;,
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-The Times of India
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &amp;quot;position of authority&amp;quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.
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The fine print of Thursday&#039;s Cabinet decision also retains an important caveat to making 18 the age of consent with an exception being made -- with reference to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code -- that the enhanced age bar will not apply in the case of married couples.
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In other words, sexual intercourse within marriage will not amount to statutory rape if the wife is less than 18 years of age. The exception seems to keep in mind India&#039;s social reality, particularly in rural areas, where the female age of marriage is often below 18 despite legal provisions.
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Section 375 says, &amp;quot;Sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape.&amp;quot;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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Sexual crimes due to abuse of authority, termed as &amp;quot;aggravated assault&amp;quot;, have provisions that are both severe and widely defined. They not only include sexual crimes by police officials and heads of institutions caring for women and children, but also incest-rapes by close relatives such as fathers, brothers and uncles.
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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In such cases, the court&#039;s leeway in assessing evidence has been reduced. The new provisions say that the courts will have to presume that consent for sexual intercourse was not given if the victim says so. The account of the victim will prevail while judging consent, often central to deciding where rape has been committed. This will knock the &amp;quot;quality of consent&amp;quot; argument out of the court room.
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&lt;br /&gt;
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The punishment for aggravated sexual assault can range from 10 years to life in jail where an accused is seen to have abused a position of &amp;quot;social, economic or political dominance&amp;quot;. Similar clauses apply to assault where the victim is pregnant or where the crime results in grievous harm, the Cabinet note states.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
There is a specific provision for assault by an ex-husband where the punishment can range between 2 to 7 years in prison. As far as possible, victims of sexual assaults will not be confronted with persons accused of the crime while there are strict provisions for dealing with officials who fail to implement court orders.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
In the sections dealing with acid attacks, even an attempt to disfigure can attract tough punishment. So also intent to assault a person can be adjudged to be a crime.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Times View&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
These changes in the laws covering sexual assault are for the most part welcome. Clearly, the change to the age of consent provision had to be made keeping the Indian reality in mind since it would otherwise have made even marital sex illegal where the woman was under 18 years of age. The wide definition of what constitutes a position of authority too is a positive development, since authority does not always flow only from formal positions. As with all laws, how well these changes work on the ground will depend on how effectively the law is enforced. That, in turn, will depend to a large extent on how well the police force is trained to shed its old mindsets and adopt the more modern, progressive outlook that the new provisions by and large reflect.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Times of India, 21 July, 2012, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sexual-assault-bill-okayed-by-Cabinet-covers-most-forms-of-exploitation/articleshow/15065470.cms&#039;,
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-The Times of India





Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &amp;quot;position of authority&amp;quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.





The...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;-The Times of India&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &amp;quot;position of authority&amp;quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The fine print of Thursday&#039;s Cabinet decision also retains an important caveat to making 18 the age of consent with an exception being made -- with reference to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code -- that the enhanced age bar will not apply in the case of married couples.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;In other words, sexual intercourse within marriage will not amount to statutory rape if the wife is less than 18 years of age. The exception seems to keep in mind India&#039;s social reality, particularly in rural areas, where the female age of marriage is often below 18 despite legal provisions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Section 375 says, &amp;quot;Sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Sexual crimes due to abuse of authority, termed as &amp;quot;aggravated assault&amp;quot;, have provisions that are both severe and widely defined. They not only include sexual crimes by police officials and heads of institutions caring for women and children, but also incest-rapes by close relatives such as fathers, brothers and uncles.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;In such cases, the court&#039;s leeway in assessing evidence has been reduced. The new provisions say that the courts will have to presume that consent for sexual intercourse was not given if the victim says so. The account of the victim will prevail while judging consent, often central to deciding where rape has been committed. This will knock the &amp;quot;quality of consent&amp;quot; argument out of the court room.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The punishment for aggravated sexual assault can range from 10 years to life in jail where an accused is seen to have abused a position of &amp;quot;social, economic or political dominance&amp;quot;. Similar clauses apply to assault where the victim is pregnant or where the crime results in grievous harm, the Cabinet note states.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;There is a specific provision for assault by an ex-husband where the punishment can range between 2 to 7 years in prison. As far as possible, victims of sexual assaults will not be confronted with persons accused of the crime while there are strict provisions for dealing with officials who fail to implement court orders.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;In the sections dealing with acid attacks, even an attempt to disfigure can attract tough punishment. So also intent to assault a person can be adjudged to be a crime.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Times View&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;These changes in the laws covering sexual assault are for the most part welcome. Clearly, the change to the age of consent provision had to be made keeping the Indian reality in mind since it would otherwise have made even marital sex illegal where the woman was under 18 years of age. The wide definition of what constitutes a position of authority too is a positive development, since authority does not always flow only from formal positions. As with all laws, how well these changes work on the ground will depend on how effectively the law is enforced. That, in turn, will depend to a large extent on how well the police force is trained to shed its old mindsets and adopt the more modern, progressive outlook that the new provisions by and large reflect.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-The Times of India





Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &quot;position of authority&quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.





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                <strong>Sexual assault bill okayed by Cabinet covers most forms of exploitation</strong></h1>
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                <div style="text-align: justify">-The Times of India</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &quot;position of authority&quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The fine print of Thursday's Cabinet decision also retains an important caveat to making 18 the age of consent with an exception being made -- with reference to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code -- that the enhanced age bar will not apply in the case of married couples.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">In other words, sexual intercourse within marriage will not amount to statutory rape if the wife is less than 18 years of age. The exception seems to keep in mind India's social reality, particularly in rural areas, where the female age of marriage is often below 18 despite legal provisions.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Section 375 says, &quot;Sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape.&quot;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Sexual crimes due to abuse of authority, termed as &quot;aggravated assault&quot;, have provisions that are both severe and widely defined. They not only include sexual crimes by police officials and heads of institutions caring for women and children, but also incest-rapes by close relatives such as fathers, brothers and uncles.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">In such cases, the court's leeway in assessing evidence has been reduced. The new provisions say that the courts will have to presume that consent for sexual intercourse was not given if the victim says so. The account of the victim will prevail while judging consent, often central to deciding where rape has been committed. This will knock the &quot;quality of consent&quot; argument out of the court room.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The punishment for aggravated sexual assault can range from 10 years to life in jail where an accused is seen to have abused a position of &quot;social, economic or political dominance&quot;. Similar clauses apply to assault where the victim is pregnant or where the crime results in grievous harm, the Cabinet note states.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">There is a specific provision for assault by an ex-husband where the punishment can range between 2 to 7 years in prison. As far as possible, victims of sexual assaults will not be confronted with persons accused of the crime while there are strict provisions for dealing with officials who fail to implement court orders.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">In the sections dealing with acid attacks, even an attempt to disfigure can attract tough punishment. So also intent to assault a person can be adjudged to be a crime.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify"><em>Times View</em></div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">These changes in the laws covering sexual assault are for the most part welcome. Clearly, the change to the age of consent provision had to be made keeping the Indian reality in mind since it would otherwise have made even marital sex illegal where the woman was under 18 years of age. The wide definition of what constitutes a position of authority too is a positive development, since authority does not always flow only from formal positions. As with all laws, how well these changes work on the ground will depend on how effectively the law is enforced. That, in turn, will depend to a large extent on how well the police force is trained to shed its old mindsets and adopt the more modern, progressive outlook that the new provisions by and large reflect.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div>               </font>
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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f160d9d61e4-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f160d9d61e4-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f160d9d61e4-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f160d9d61e4-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f160d9d61e4-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f160d9d61e4-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f160d9d61e4-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f160d9d61e4-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
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-The Times of India
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Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &amp;quot;position of authority&amp;quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.
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The fine print of Thursday&#039;s Cabinet decision also retains an important caveat to making 18 the age of consent with an exception being made -- with reference to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code -- that the enhanced age bar will not apply in the case of married couples.
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In other words, sexual intercourse within marriage will not amount to statutory rape if the wife is less than 18 years of age. The exception seems to keep in mind India&#039;s social reality, particularly in rural areas, where the female age of marriage is often below 18 despite legal provisions.
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Section 375 says, &amp;quot;Sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape.&amp;quot;
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Sexual crimes due to abuse of authority, termed as &amp;quot;aggravated assault&amp;quot;, have provisions that are both severe and widely defined. They not only include sexual crimes by police officials and heads of institutions caring for women and children, but also incest-rapes by close relatives such as fathers, brothers and uncles.
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In such cases, the court&#039;s leeway in assessing evidence has been reduced. The new provisions say that the courts will have to presume that consent for sexual intercourse was not given if the victim says so. The account of the victim will prevail while judging consent, often central to deciding where rape has been committed. This will knock the &amp;quot;quality of consent&amp;quot; argument out of the court room.
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The punishment for aggravated sexual assault can range from 10 years to life in jail where an accused is seen to have abused a position of &amp;quot;social, economic or political dominance&amp;quot;. Similar clauses apply to assault where the victim is pregnant or where the crime results in grievous harm, the Cabinet note states.
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There is a specific provision for assault by an ex-husband where the punishment can range between 2 to 7 years in prison. As far as possible, victims of sexual assaults will not be confronted with persons accused of the crime while there are strict provisions for dealing with officials who fail to implement court orders.
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In the sections dealing with acid attacks, even an attempt to disfigure can attract tough punishment. So also intent to assault a person can be adjudged to be a crime.
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;em&gt;Times View&lt;/em&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
These changes in the laws covering sexual assault are for the most part welcome. Clearly, the change to the age of consent provision had to be made keeping the Indian reality in mind since it would otherwise have made even marital sex illegal where the woman was under 18 years of age. The wide definition of what constitutes a position of authority too is a positive development, since authority does not always flow only from formal positions. As with all laws, how well these changes work on the ground will depend on how effectively the law is enforced. That, in turn, will depend to a large extent on how well the police force is trained to shed its old mindsets and adopt the more modern, progressive outlook that the new provisions by and large reflect.
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Times of India, 21 July, 2012, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sexual-assault-bill-okayed-by-Cabinet-covers-most-forms-of-exploitation/articleshow/15065470.cms&#039;,
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-The Times of India





Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &amp;quot;position of authority&amp;quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.





The...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;-The Times of India&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &amp;quot;position of authority&amp;quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The fine print of Thursday&#039;s Cabinet decision also retains an important caveat to making 18 the age of consent with an exception being made -- with reference to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code -- that the enhanced age bar will not apply in the case of married couples.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;In other words, sexual intercourse within marriage will not amount to statutory rape if the wife is less than 18 years of age. The exception seems to keep in mind India&#039;s social reality, particularly in rural areas, where the female age of marriage is often below 18 despite legal provisions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Section 375 says, &amp;quot;Sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Sexual crimes due to abuse of authority, termed as &amp;quot;aggravated assault&amp;quot;, have provisions that are both severe and widely defined. They not only include sexual crimes by police officials and heads of institutions caring for women and children, but also incest-rapes by close relatives such as fathers, brothers and uncles.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;In such cases, the court&#039;s leeway in assessing evidence has been reduced. The new provisions say that the courts will have to presume that consent for sexual intercourse was not given if the victim says so. The account of the victim will prevail while judging consent, often central to deciding where rape has been committed. This will knock the &amp;quot;quality of consent&amp;quot; argument out of the court room.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The punishment for aggravated sexual assault can range from 10 years to life in jail where an accused is seen to have abused a position of &amp;quot;social, economic or political dominance&amp;quot;. Similar clauses apply to assault where the victim is pregnant or where the crime results in grievous harm, the Cabinet note states.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;There is a specific provision for assault by an ex-husband where the punishment can range between 2 to 7 years in prison. As far as possible, victims of sexual assaults will not be confronted with persons accused of the crime while there are strict provisions for dealing with officials who fail to implement court orders.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;In the sections dealing with acid attacks, even an attempt to disfigure can attract tough punishment. So also intent to assault a person can be adjudged to be a crime.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Times View&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;These changes in the laws covering sexual assault are for the most part welcome. Clearly, the change to the age of consent provision had to be made keeping the Indian reality in mind since it would otherwise have made even marital sex illegal where the woman was under 18 years of age. The wide definition of what constitutes a position of authority too is a positive development, since authority does not always flow only from formal positions. As with all laws, how well these changes work on the ground will depend on how effectively the law is enforced. That, in turn, will depend to a large extent on how well the police force is trained to shed its old mindsets and adopt the more modern, progressive outlook that the new provisions by and large reflect.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
-The Times of India
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &amp;quot;position of authority&amp;quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
The fine print of Thursday&#039;s Cabinet decision also retains an important caveat to making 18 the age of consent with an exception being made -- with reference to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code -- that the enhanced age bar will not apply in the case of married couples.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
In other words, sexual intercourse within marriage will not amount to statutory rape if the wife is less than 18 years of age. The exception seems to keep in mind India&#039;s social reality, particularly in rural areas, where the female age of marriage is often below 18 despite legal provisions.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
Section 375 says, &amp;quot;Sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape.&amp;quot;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
Sexual crimes due to abuse of authority, termed as &amp;quot;aggravated assault&amp;quot;, have provisions that are both severe and widely defined. They not only include sexual crimes by police officials and heads of institutions caring for women and children, but also incest-rapes by close relatives such as fathers, brothers and uncles.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
In such cases, the court&#039;s leeway in assessing evidence has been reduced. The new provisions say that the courts will have to presume that consent for sexual intercourse was not given if the victim says so. The account of the victim will prevail while judging consent, often central to deciding where rape has been committed. This will knock the &amp;quot;quality of consent&amp;quot; argument out of the court room.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
The punishment for aggravated sexual assault can range from 10 years to life in jail where an accused is seen to have abused a position of &amp;quot;social, economic or political dominance&amp;quot;. Similar clauses apply to assault where the victim is pregnant or where the crime results in grievous harm, the Cabinet note states.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
There is a specific provision for assault by an ex-husband where the punishment can range between 2 to 7 years in prison. As far as possible, victims of sexual assaults will not be confronted with persons accused of the crime while there are strict provisions for dealing with officials who fail to implement court orders.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
In the sections dealing with acid attacks, even an attempt to disfigure can attract tough punishment. So also intent to assault a person can be adjudged to be a crime.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Times View&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
These changes in the laws covering sexual assault are for the most part welcome. Clearly, the change to the age of consent provision had to be made keeping the Indian reality in mind since it would otherwise have made even marital sex illegal where the woman was under 18 years of age. The wide definition of what constitutes a position of authority too is a positive development, since authority does not always flow only from formal positions. As with all laws, how well these changes work on the ground will depend on how effectively the law is enforced. That, in turn, will depend to a large extent on how well the police force is trained to shed its old mindsets and adopt the more modern, progressive outlook that the new provisions by and large reflect.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Times of India, 21 July, 2012, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sexual-assault-bill-okayed-by-Cabinet-covers-most-forms-of-exploitation/articleshow/15065470.cms&#039;,
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-The Times of India





Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &amp;quot;position of authority&amp;quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.





The...&#039;
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-The Times of India





Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &quot;position of authority&quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.





The..."/>
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                <strong>Sexual assault bill okayed by Cabinet covers most forms of exploitation</strong></h1>
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                <div style="text-align: justify">-The Times of India</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &quot;position of authority&quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The fine print of Thursday's Cabinet decision also retains an important caveat to making 18 the age of consent with an exception being made -- with reference to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code -- that the enhanced age bar will not apply in the case of married couples.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">In other words, sexual intercourse within marriage will not amount to statutory rape if the wife is less than 18 years of age. The exception seems to keep in mind India's social reality, particularly in rural areas, where the female age of marriage is often below 18 despite legal provisions.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Section 375 says, &quot;Sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape.&quot;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Sexual crimes due to abuse of authority, termed as &quot;aggravated assault&quot;, have provisions that are both severe and widely defined. They not only include sexual crimes by police officials and heads of institutions caring for women and children, but also incest-rapes by close relatives such as fathers, brothers and uncles.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">In such cases, the court's leeway in assessing evidence has been reduced. The new provisions say that the courts will have to presume that consent for sexual intercourse was not given if the victim says so. The account of the victim will prevail while judging consent, often central to deciding where rape has been committed. This will knock the &quot;quality of consent&quot; argument out of the court room.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The punishment for aggravated sexual assault can range from 10 years to life in jail where an accused is seen to have abused a position of &quot;social, economic or political dominance&quot;. Similar clauses apply to assault where the victim is pregnant or where the crime results in grievous harm, the Cabinet note states.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">There is a specific provision for assault by an ex-husband where the punishment can range between 2 to 7 years in prison. As far as possible, victims of sexual assaults will not be confronted with persons accused of the crime while there are strict provisions for dealing with officials who fail to implement court orders.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">In the sections dealing with acid attacks, even an attempt to disfigure can attract tough punishment. So also intent to assault a person can be adjudged to be a crime.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify"><em>Times View</em></div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">These changes in the laws covering sexual assault are for the most part welcome. Clearly, the change to the age of consent provision had to be made keeping the Indian reality in mind since it would otherwise have made even marital sex illegal where the woman was under 18 years of age. The wide definition of what constitutes a position of authority too is a positive development, since authority does not always flow only from formal positions. As with all laws, how well these changes work on the ground will depend on how effectively the law is enforced. That, in turn, will depend to a large extent on how well the police force is trained to shed its old mindsets and adopt the more modern, progressive outlook that the new provisions by and large reflect.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div>               </font>
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-The Times of India
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify">
<br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify">
Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &quot;position of authority&quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify">
<br />
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The fine print of Thursday's Cabinet decision also retains an important caveat to making 18 the age of consent with an exception being made -- with reference to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code -- that the enhanced age bar will not apply in the case of married couples.
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In other words, sexual intercourse within marriage will not amount to statutory rape if the wife is less than 18 years of age. The exception seems to keep in mind India's social reality, particularly in rural areas, where the female age of marriage is often below 18 despite legal provisions.
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Section 375 says, &quot;Sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape.&quot;
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<br />
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Sexual crimes due to abuse of authority, termed as &quot;aggravated assault&quot;, have provisions that are both severe and widely defined. They not only include sexual crimes by police officials and heads of institutions caring for women and children, but also incest-rapes by close relatives such as fathers, brothers and uncles.
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In such cases, the court's leeway in assessing evidence has been reduced. The new provisions say that the courts will have to presume that consent for sexual intercourse was not given if the victim says so. The account of the victim will prevail while judging consent, often central to deciding where rape has been committed. This will knock the &quot;quality of consent&quot; argument out of the court room.
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The punishment for aggravated sexual assault can range from 10 years to life in jail where an accused is seen to have abused a position of &quot;social, economic or political dominance&quot;. Similar clauses apply to assault where the victim is pregnant or where the crime results in grievous harm, the Cabinet note states.
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In the sections dealing with acid attacks, even an attempt to disfigure can attract tough punishment. So also intent to assault a person can be adjudged to be a crime.
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<em>Times View</em>
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These changes in the laws covering sexual assault are for the most part welcome. Clearly, the change to the age of consent provision had to be made keeping the Indian reality in mind since it would otherwise have made even marital sex illegal where the woman was under 18 years of age. The wide definition of what constitutes a position of authority too is a positive development, since authority does not always flow only from formal positions. As with all laws, how well these changes work on the ground will depend on how effectively the law is enforced. That, in turn, will depend to a large extent on how well the police force is trained to shed its old mindsets and adopt the more modern, progressive outlook that the new provisions by and large reflect.
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-The Times of India





Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &quot;position of authority&quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.





The...',
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-The Times of India
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify">
<br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify">
Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &quot;position of authority&quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify">
<br />
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<div style="text-align: justify">
The fine print of Thursday's Cabinet decision also retains an important caveat to making 18 the age of consent with an exception being made -- with reference to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code -- that the enhanced age bar will not apply in the case of married couples.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify">
<br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify">
In other words, sexual intercourse within marriage will not amount to statutory rape if the wife is less than 18 years of age. The exception seems to keep in mind India's social reality, particularly in rural areas, where the female age of marriage is often below 18 despite legal provisions.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify">
<br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify">
Section 375 says, &quot;Sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape.&quot;
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify">
<br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify">
Sexual crimes due to abuse of authority, termed as &quot;aggravated assault&quot;, have provisions that are both severe and widely defined. They not only include sexual crimes by police officials and heads of institutions caring for women and children, but also incest-rapes by close relatives such as fathers, brothers and uncles.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify">
<br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify">
In such cases, the court's leeway in assessing evidence has been reduced. The new provisions say that the courts will have to presume that consent for sexual intercourse was not given if the victim says so. The account of the victim will prevail while judging consent, often central to deciding where rape has been committed. This will knock the &quot;quality of consent&quot; argument out of the court room.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify">
<br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify">
The punishment for aggravated sexual assault can range from 10 years to life in jail where an accused is seen to have abused a position of &quot;social, economic or political dominance&quot;. Similar clauses apply to assault where the victim is pregnant or where the crime results in grievous harm, the Cabinet note states.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify">
<br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify">
There is a specific provision for assault by an ex-husband where the punishment can range between 2 to 7 years in prison. As far as possible, victims of sexual assaults will not be confronted with persons accused of the crime while there are strict provisions for dealing with officials who fail to implement court orders.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify">
<br />
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In the sections dealing with acid attacks, even an attempt to disfigure can attract tough punishment. So also intent to assault a person can be adjudged to be a crime.
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<em>Times View</em>
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<br />
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These changes in the laws covering sexual assault are for the most part welcome. Clearly, the change to the age of consent provision had to be made keeping the Indian reality in mind since it would otherwise have made even marital sex illegal where the woman was under 18 years of age. The wide definition of what constitutes a position of authority too is a positive development, since authority does not always flow only from formal positions. As with all laws, how well these changes work on the ground will depend on how effectively the law is enforced. That, in turn, will depend to a large extent on how well the police force is trained to shed its old mindsets and adopt the more modern, progressive outlook that the new provisions by and large reflect.
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<br />
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-The Times of India





Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &quot;position of authority&quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.





The...'
$disp = '<div style="text-align: justify">-The Times of India</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define &quot;position of authority&quot; to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The fine print of Thursday's Cabinet decision also retains an important caveat to making 18 the age of consent with an exception being made -- with reference to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code -- that the enhanced age bar will not apply in the case of married couples.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">In other words, sexual intercourse within marriage will not amount to statutory rape if the wife is less than 18 years of age. The exception seems to keep in mind India's social reality, particularly in rural areas, where the female age of marriage is often below 18 despite legal provisions.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Section 375 says, &quot;Sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape.&quot;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Sexual crimes due to abuse of authority, termed as &quot;aggravated assault&quot;, have provisions that are both severe and widely defined. They not only include sexual crimes by police officials and heads of institutions caring for women and children, but also incest-rapes by close relatives such as fathers, brothers and uncles.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">In such cases, the court's leeway in assessing evidence has been reduced. The new provisions say that the courts will have to presume that consent for sexual intercourse was not given if the victim says so. The account of the victim will prevail while judging consent, often central to deciding where rape has been committed. This will knock the &quot;quality of consent&quot; argument out of the court room.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The punishment for aggravated sexual assault can range from 10 years to life in jail where an accused is seen to have abused a position of &quot;social, economic or political dominance&quot;. Similar clauses apply to assault where the victim is pregnant or where the crime results in grievous harm, the Cabinet note states.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">There is a specific provision for assault by an ex-husband where the punishment can range between 2 to 7 years in prison. As far as possible, victims of sexual assaults will not be confronted with persons accused of the crime while there are strict provisions for dealing with officials who fail to implement court orders.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">In the sections dealing with acid attacks, even an attempt to disfigure can attract tough punishment. So also intent to assault a person can be adjudged to be a crime.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify"><em>Times View</em></div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">These changes in the laws covering sexual assault are for the most part welcome. Clearly, the change to the age of consent provision had to be made keeping the Indian reality in mind since it would otherwise have made even marital sex illegal where the woman was under 18 years of age. The wide definition of what constitutes a position of authority too is a positive development, since authority does not always flow only from formal positions. As with all laws, how well these changes work on the ground will depend on how effectively the law is enforced. That, in turn, will depend to a large extent on how well the police force is trained to shed its old mindsets and adopt the more modern, progressive outlook that the new provisions by and large reflect.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div>'
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Sexual assault bill okayed by Cabinet covers most forms of exploitation

-The Times of India Changes in laws dealing with sexual assault approved by the Cabinet define "position of authority" to include social, political and economic dominance over a victim of rape - parameters wide enough to encompass most forms of exploitation. The fine print of Thursday's Cabinet decision also retains an important caveat to making 18 the age of consent with an exception being made -- with reference to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code -- that the enhanced age bar will not apply in the case of married couples. In other words, sexual intercourse within marriage will not amount to statutory rape if the wife is less than 18 years of age. The exception seems to keep in mind India's social reality, particularly in rural areas, where the female age of marriage is often below 18 despite legal provisions. Section 375 says, "Sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape." Sexual crimes due to abuse of authority, termed as "aggravated assault", have provisions that are both severe and widely defined. They not only include sexual crimes by police officials and heads of institutions caring for women and children, but also incest-rapes by close relatives such as fathers, brothers and uncles. In such cases, the court's leeway in assessing evidence has been reduced. The new provisions say that the courts will have to presume that consent for sexual intercourse was not given if the victim says so. The account of the victim will prevail while judging consent, often central to deciding where rape has been committed. This will knock the "quality of consent" argument out of the court room. The punishment for aggravated sexual assault can range from 10 years to life in jail where an accused is seen to have abused a position of "social, economic or political dominance". Similar clauses apply to assault where the victim is pregnant or where the crime results in grievous harm, the Cabinet note states. There is a specific provision for assault by an ex-husband where the punishment can range between 2 to 7 years in prison. As far as possible, victims of sexual assaults will not be confronted with persons accused of the crime while there are strict provisions for dealing with officials who fail to implement court orders. In the sections dealing with acid attacks, even an attempt to disfigure can attract tough punishment. So also intent to assault a person can be adjudged to be a crime. Times View These changes in the laws covering sexual assault are for the most part welcome. Clearly, the change to the age of consent provision had to be made keeping the Indian reality in mind since it would otherwise have made even marital sex illegal where the woman was under 18 years of age. The wide definition of what constitutes a position of authority too is a positive development, since authority does not always flow only from formal positions. As with all laws, how well these changes work on the ground will depend on how effectively the law is enforced. That, in turn, will depend to a large extent on how well the police force is trained to shed its old mindsets and adopt the more modern, progressive outlook that the new provisions by and large reflect.