Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 73,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'catslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 73,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-punjabs-own-farm-hands-are-48-underutilised-says-study-by-amrita-chaudhry-4032/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-punjabs-own-farm-hands-are-48-underutilised-says-study-by-amrita-chaudhry-4032/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'catslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 74,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 74,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-punjabs-own-farm-hands-are-48-underutilised-says-study-by-amrita-chaudhry-4032/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-punjabs-own-farm-hands-are-48-underutilised-says-study-by-amrita-chaudhry-4032/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 3942,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/font&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Economists&amp;rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent of the total &amp;lsquo;family labour&amp;rsquo; &amp;mdash; members of a farmer&amp;rsquo;s family &amp;mdash; available for agriculture remains underutilised in the state.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;A study of the resources employed in Punjab agriculture throws up interesting facts. The highest magnitude of underutilisation of migrant labour is on large farms (50.70%) and lowest on small farms (45.43%). As is the case of labour, farmers in Punjab face a shortage of tractors, too, though these are used for only 178 hours a year &amp;mdash; only to 17.27 per cent of their capacity. And tractors are used more on big farms and usually during the sowing and harvesting of crops.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;These figures are part of the study titled, A study into the Economics of Farming and Pattern of Income and Expenditure Distribution in Punjab Agriculture, conducted by economists Dr Sukhpal Singh, Dr V K Sharma and H S Khingra of the Department of Economics, Punjab Agricultural University.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;The study says &amp;lsquo;combines&amp;rsquo;, a machine that is used only during harvesting and has taken away employment from a large number of farm labourers, work for only 11.59 hours a year, and more than three fourth (11.85%) of the diesel engines available in the state are lying idle. The only resource used more than required is electric motors and this has much to do with the fact that power comes free to farmers in Punjab. The use of electric motors is close to 100.35 hours per hectare, and it is the large farmers who use them the most (110.55%), while the usage is mere 27.70% by marginal farmers.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Dr Sukhpal Singh says: &amp;ldquo;This study has thrown open a lot of interesting features. The belief that the farm family labour is surplus on the Punjab farms and despite this a large magnitude of hired labour is at work called for a look at the utilisation of labour. Green Revolution has given Punjab agriculture a huge share of mechanisation. Tractors, diesel engines, electric motors and threshers are a commonplace. It is generally said agriculture of Punjab is over capitalised and so it had become very important to examine the extent to which we were utilising or underutilising our resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 26 October, 2010, http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-Punjab-s-own-farm-hands-are-48--underutilised--says-study/702459/&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-punjabs-own-farm-hands-are-48-underutilised-says-study-by-amrita-chaudhry-4032&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4032,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 3942,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Labour,Agriculture&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;


Economists&amp;rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused

That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;font &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;font &gt;Economists&amp;rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent of the total &amp;lsquo;family labour&amp;rsquo; &amp;mdash; members of a farmer&amp;rsquo;s family &amp;mdash; available for agriculture remains underutilised in the state.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;A study of the resources employed in Punjab agriculture throws up interesting facts. The highest magnitude of underutilisation of migrant labour is on large farms (50.70%) and lowest on small farms (45.43%). As is the case of labour, farmers in Punjab face a shortage of tractors, too, though these are used for only 178 hours a year &amp;mdash; only to 17.27 per cent of their capacity. And tractors are used more on big farms and usually during the sowing and harvesting of crops.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;These figures are part of the study titled, A study into the Economics of Farming and Pattern of Income and Expenditure Distribution in Punjab Agriculture, conducted by economists Dr Sukhpal Singh, Dr V K Sharma and H S Khingra of the Department of Economics, Punjab Agricultural University.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;The study says &amp;lsquo;combines&amp;rsquo;, a machine that is used only during harvesting and has taken away employment from a large number of farm labourers, work for only 11.59 hours a year, and more than three fourth (11.85%) of the diesel engines available in the state are lying idle. The only resource used more than required is electric motors and this has much to do with the fact that power comes free to farmers in Punjab. The use of electric motors is close to 100.35 hours per hectare, and it is the large farmers who use them the most (110.55%), while the usage is mere 27.70% by marginal farmers.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;Dr Sukhpal Singh says: &amp;ldquo;This study has thrown open a lot of interesting features. The belief that the farm family labour is surplus on the Punjab farms and despite this a large magnitude of hired labour is at work called for a look at the utilisation of labour. Green Revolution has given Punjab agriculture a huge share of mechanisation. Tractors, diesel engines, electric motors and threshers are a commonplace. It is generally said agriculture of Punjab is over capitalised and so it had become very important to examine the extent to which we were utilising or underutilising our resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 3942,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/font&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Economists&amp;rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent of the total &amp;lsquo;family labour&amp;rsquo; &amp;mdash; members of a farmer&amp;rsquo;s family &amp;mdash; available for agriculture remains underutilised in the state.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;A study of the resources employed in Punjab agriculture throws up interesting facts. The highest magnitude of underutilisation of migrant labour is on large farms (50.70%) and lowest on small farms (45.43%). As is the case of labour, farmers in Punjab face a shortage of tractors, too, though these are used for only 178 hours a year &amp;mdash; only to 17.27 per cent of their capacity. And tractors are used more on big farms and usually during the sowing and harvesting of crops.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;These figures are part of the study titled, A study into the Economics of Farming and Pattern of Income and Expenditure Distribution in Punjab Agriculture, conducted by economists Dr Sukhpal Singh, Dr V K Sharma and H S Khingra of the Department of Economics, Punjab Agricultural University.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;The study says &amp;lsquo;combines&amp;rsquo;, a machine that is used only during harvesting and has taken away employment from a large number of farm labourers, work for only 11.59 hours a year, and more than three fourth (11.85%) of the diesel engines available in the state are lying idle. The only resource used more than required is electric motors and this has much to do with the fact that power comes free to farmers in Punjab. The use of electric motors is close to 100.35 hours per hectare, and it is the large farmers who use them the most (110.55%), while the usage is mere 27.70% by marginal farmers.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Dr Sukhpal Singh says: &amp;ldquo;This study has thrown open a lot of interesting features. The belief that the farm family labour is surplus on the Punjab farms and despite this a large magnitude of hired labour is at work called for a look at the utilisation of labour. Green Revolution has given Punjab agriculture a huge share of mechanisation. Tractors, diesel engines, electric motors and threshers are a commonplace. It is generally said agriculture of Punjab is over capitalised and so it had become very important to examine the extent to which we were utilising or underutilising our resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 26 October, 2010, http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-Punjab-s-own-farm-hands-are-48--underutilised--says-study/702459/&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-punjabs-own-farm-hands-are-48-underutilised-says-study-by-amrita-chaudhry-4032&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4032,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 3942
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Labour,Agriculture&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;


Economists&amp;rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused

That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;font &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;font &gt;Economists&amp;rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent of the total &amp;lsquo;family labour&amp;rsquo; &amp;mdash; members of a farmer&amp;rsquo;s family &amp;mdash; available for agriculture remains underutilised in the state.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;A study of the resources employed in Punjab agriculture throws up interesting facts. The highest magnitude of underutilisation of migrant labour is on large farms (50.70%) and lowest on small farms (45.43%). As is the case of labour, farmers in Punjab face a shortage of tractors, too, though these are used for only 178 hours a year &amp;mdash; only to 17.27 per cent of their capacity. And tractors are used more on big farms and usually during the sowing and harvesting of crops.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;These figures are part of the study titled, A study into the Economics of Farming and Pattern of Income and Expenditure Distribution in Punjab Agriculture, conducted by economists Dr Sukhpal Singh, Dr V K Sharma and H S Khingra of the Department of Economics, Punjab Agricultural University.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;The study says &amp;lsquo;combines&amp;rsquo;, a machine that is used only during harvesting and has taken away employment from a large number of farm labourers, work for only 11.59 hours a year, and more than three fourth (11.85%) of the diesel engines available in the state are lying idle. The only resource used more than required is electric motors and this has much to do with the fact that power comes free to farmers in Punjab. The use of electric motors is close to 100.35 hours per hectare, and it is the large farmers who use them the most (110.55%), while the usage is mere 27.70% by marginal farmers.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;Dr Sukhpal Singh says: &amp;ldquo;This study has thrown open a lot of interesting features. The belief that the farm family labour is surplus on the Punjab farms and despite this a large magnitude of hired labour is at work called for a look at the utilisation of labour. Green Revolution has given Punjab agriculture a huge share of mechanisation. Tractors, diesel engines, electric motors and threshers are a commonplace. It is generally said agriculture of Punjab is over capitalised and so it had become very important to examine the extent to which we were utilising or underutilising our resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-punjabs-own-farm-hands-are-48-underutilised-says-study-by-amrita-chaudhry-4032.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="


Economists&rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused

That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <font ><br /></font><div align="justify"><em><font >Economists&rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused</font><br /></em><br /><font >That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent of the total &lsquo;family labour&rsquo; &mdash; members of a farmer&rsquo;s family &mdash; available for agriculture remains underutilised in the state.</font><br /><br /><font >A study of the resources employed in Punjab agriculture throws up interesting facts. The highest magnitude of underutilisation of migrant labour is on large farms (50.70%) and lowest on small farms (45.43%). As is the case of labour, farmers in Punjab face a shortage of tractors, too, though these are used for only 178 hours a year &mdash; only to 17.27 per cent of their capacity. And tractors are used more on big farms and usually during the sowing and harvesting of crops.</font><br /><br /><font >These figures are part of the study titled, A study into the Economics of Farming and Pattern of Income and Expenditure Distribution in Punjab Agriculture, conducted by economists Dr Sukhpal Singh, Dr V K Sharma and H S Khingra of the Department of Economics, Punjab Agricultural University.</font><br /><br /><font >The study says &lsquo;combines&rsquo;, a machine that is used only during harvesting and has taken away employment from a large number of farm labourers, work for only 11.59 hours a year, and more than three fourth (11.85%) of the diesel engines available in the state are lying idle. The only resource used more than required is electric motors and this has much to do with the fact that power comes free to farmers in Punjab. The use of electric motors is close to 100.35 hours per hectare, and it is the large farmers who use them the most (110.55%), while the usage is mere 27.70% by marginal farmers.</font><br /><br /><font >Dr Sukhpal Singh says: &ldquo;This study has thrown open a lot of interesting features. The belief that the farm family labour is surplus on the Punjab farms and despite this a large magnitude of hired labour is at work called for a look at the utilisation of labour. Green Revolution has given Punjab agriculture a huge share of mechanisation. Tractors, diesel engines, electric motors and threshers are a commonplace. It is generally said agriculture of Punjab is over capitalised and so it had become very important to examine the extent to which we were utilising or underutilising our resources.&rdquo; </font><br /><br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$maxBufferLength = (int) 8192
$file = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php'
$line = (int) 853
$message = 'Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853'
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148]
Code Context
            $response->getStatusCode(),

            ($reasonPhrase ? ' ' . $reasonPhrase : '')

        ));
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 3942,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/font&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Economists&amp;rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent of the total &amp;lsquo;family labour&amp;rsquo; &amp;mdash; members of a farmer&amp;rsquo;s family &amp;mdash; available for agriculture remains underutilised in the state.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;A study of the resources employed in Punjab agriculture throws up interesting facts. The highest magnitude of underutilisation of migrant labour is on large farms (50.70%) and lowest on small farms (45.43%). As is the case of labour, farmers in Punjab face a shortage of tractors, too, though these are used for only 178 hours a year &amp;mdash; only to 17.27 per cent of their capacity. And tractors are used more on big farms and usually during the sowing and harvesting of crops.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;These figures are part of the study titled, A study into the Economics of Farming and Pattern of Income and Expenditure Distribution in Punjab Agriculture, conducted by economists Dr Sukhpal Singh, Dr V K Sharma and H S Khingra of the Department of Economics, Punjab Agricultural University.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;The study says &amp;lsquo;combines&amp;rsquo;, a machine that is used only during harvesting and has taken away employment from a large number of farm labourers, work for only 11.59 hours a year, and more than three fourth (11.85%) of the diesel engines available in the state are lying idle. The only resource used more than required is electric motors and this has much to do with the fact that power comes free to farmers in Punjab. The use of electric motors is close to 100.35 hours per hectare, and it is the large farmers who use them the most (110.55%), while the usage is mere 27.70% by marginal farmers.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Dr Sukhpal Singh says: &amp;ldquo;This study has thrown open a lot of interesting features. The belief that the farm family labour is surplus on the Punjab farms and despite this a large magnitude of hired labour is at work called for a look at the utilisation of labour. Green Revolution has given Punjab agriculture a huge share of mechanisation. Tractors, diesel engines, electric motors and threshers are a commonplace. It is generally said agriculture of Punjab is over capitalised and so it had become very important to examine the extent to which we were utilising or underutilising our resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 26 October, 2010, http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-Punjab-s-own-farm-hands-are-48--underutilised--says-study/702459/&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-punjabs-own-farm-hands-are-48-underutilised-says-study-by-amrita-chaudhry-4032&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4032,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 3942,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Labour,Agriculture&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;


Economists&amp;rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused

That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;font &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;font &gt;Economists&amp;rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent of the total &amp;lsquo;family labour&amp;rsquo; &amp;mdash; members of a farmer&amp;rsquo;s family &amp;mdash; available for agriculture remains underutilised in the state.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;A study of the resources employed in Punjab agriculture throws up interesting facts. The highest magnitude of underutilisation of migrant labour is on large farms (50.70%) and lowest on small farms (45.43%). As is the case of labour, farmers in Punjab face a shortage of tractors, too, though these are used for only 178 hours a year &amp;mdash; only to 17.27 per cent of their capacity. And tractors are used more on big farms and usually during the sowing and harvesting of crops.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;These figures are part of the study titled, A study into the Economics of Farming and Pattern of Income and Expenditure Distribution in Punjab Agriculture, conducted by economists Dr Sukhpal Singh, Dr V K Sharma and H S Khingra of the Department of Economics, Punjab Agricultural University.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;The study says &amp;lsquo;combines&amp;rsquo;, a machine that is used only during harvesting and has taken away employment from a large number of farm labourers, work for only 11.59 hours a year, and more than three fourth (11.85%) of the diesel engines available in the state are lying idle. The only resource used more than required is electric motors and this has much to do with the fact that power comes free to farmers in Punjab. The use of electric motors is close to 100.35 hours per hectare, and it is the large farmers who use them the most (110.55%), while the usage is mere 27.70% by marginal farmers.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;Dr Sukhpal Singh says: &amp;ldquo;This study has thrown open a lot of interesting features. The belief that the farm family labour is surplus on the Punjab farms and despite this a large magnitude of hired labour is at work called for a look at the utilisation of labour. Green Revolution has given Punjab agriculture a huge share of mechanisation. Tractors, diesel engines, electric motors and threshers are a commonplace. It is generally said agriculture of Punjab is over capitalised and so it had become very important to examine the extent to which we were utilising or underutilising our resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 3942,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/font&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Economists&amp;rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent of the total &amp;lsquo;family labour&amp;rsquo; &amp;mdash; members of a farmer&amp;rsquo;s family &amp;mdash; available for agriculture remains underutilised in the state.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;A study of the resources employed in Punjab agriculture throws up interesting facts. The highest magnitude of underutilisation of migrant labour is on large farms (50.70%) and lowest on small farms (45.43%). As is the case of labour, farmers in Punjab face a shortage of tractors, too, though these are used for only 178 hours a year &amp;mdash; only to 17.27 per cent of their capacity. And tractors are used more on big farms and usually during the sowing and harvesting of crops.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;These figures are part of the study titled, A study into the Economics of Farming and Pattern of Income and Expenditure Distribution in Punjab Agriculture, conducted by economists Dr Sukhpal Singh, Dr V K Sharma and H S Khingra of the Department of Economics, Punjab Agricultural University.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;The study says &amp;lsquo;combines&amp;rsquo;, a machine that is used only during harvesting and has taken away employment from a large number of farm labourers, work for only 11.59 hours a year, and more than three fourth (11.85%) of the diesel engines available in the state are lying idle. The only resource used more than required is electric motors and this has much to do with the fact that power comes free to farmers in Punjab. The use of electric motors is close to 100.35 hours per hectare, and it is the large farmers who use them the most (110.55%), while the usage is mere 27.70% by marginal farmers.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Dr Sukhpal Singh says: &amp;ldquo;This study has thrown open a lot of interesting features. The belief that the farm family labour is surplus on the Punjab farms and despite this a large magnitude of hired labour is at work called for a look at the utilisation of labour. Green Revolution has given Punjab agriculture a huge share of mechanisation. Tractors, diesel engines, electric motors and threshers are a commonplace. It is generally said agriculture of Punjab is over capitalised and so it had become very important to examine the extent to which we were utilising or underutilising our resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 26 October, 2010, http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-Punjab-s-own-farm-hands-are-48--underutilised--says-study/702459/&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-punjabs-own-farm-hands-are-48-underutilised-says-study-by-amrita-chaudhry-4032&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4032,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 3942
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Labour,Agriculture&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;


Economists&amp;rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused

That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;font &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;font &gt;Economists&amp;rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent of the total &amp;lsquo;family labour&amp;rsquo; &amp;mdash; members of a farmer&amp;rsquo;s family &amp;mdash; available for agriculture remains underutilised in the state.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;A study of the resources employed in Punjab agriculture throws up interesting facts. The highest magnitude of underutilisation of migrant labour is on large farms (50.70%) and lowest on small farms (45.43%). As is the case of labour, farmers in Punjab face a shortage of tractors, too, though these are used for only 178 hours a year &amp;mdash; only to 17.27 per cent of their capacity. And tractors are used more on big farms and usually during the sowing and harvesting of crops.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;These figures are part of the study titled, A study into the Economics of Farming and Pattern of Income and Expenditure Distribution in Punjab Agriculture, conducted by economists Dr Sukhpal Singh, Dr V K Sharma and H S Khingra of the Department of Economics, Punjab Agricultural University.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;The study says &amp;lsquo;combines&amp;rsquo;, a machine that is used only during harvesting and has taken away employment from a large number of farm labourers, work for only 11.59 hours a year, and more than three fourth (11.85%) of the diesel engines available in the state are lying idle. The only resource used more than required is electric motors and this has much to do with the fact that power comes free to farmers in Punjab. The use of electric motors is close to 100.35 hours per hectare, and it is the large farmers who use them the most (110.55%), while the usage is mere 27.70% by marginal farmers.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;Dr Sukhpal Singh says: &amp;ldquo;This study has thrown open a lot of interesting features. The belief that the farm family labour is surplus on the Punjab farms and despite this a large magnitude of hired labour is at work called for a look at the utilisation of labour. Green Revolution has given Punjab agriculture a huge share of mechanisation. Tractors, diesel engines, electric motors and threshers are a commonplace. It is generally said agriculture of Punjab is over capitalised and so it had become very important to examine the extent to which we were utilising or underutilising our resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-punjabs-own-farm-hands-are-48-underutilised-says-study-by-amrita-chaudhry-4032.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="


Economists&rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused

That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <font ><br /></font><div align="justify"><em><font >Economists&rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused</font><br /></em><br /><font >That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent of the total &lsquo;family labour&rsquo; &mdash; members of a farmer&rsquo;s family &mdash; available for agriculture remains underutilised in the state.</font><br /><br /><font >A study of the resources employed in Punjab agriculture throws up interesting facts. The highest magnitude of underutilisation of migrant labour is on large farms (50.70%) and lowest on small farms (45.43%). As is the case of labour, farmers in Punjab face a shortage of tractors, too, though these are used for only 178 hours a year &mdash; only to 17.27 per cent of their capacity. And tractors are used more on big farms and usually during the sowing and harvesting of crops.</font><br /><br /><font >These figures are part of the study titled, A study into the Economics of Farming and Pattern of Income and Expenditure Distribution in Punjab Agriculture, conducted by economists Dr Sukhpal Singh, Dr V K Sharma and H S Khingra of the Department of Economics, Punjab Agricultural University.</font><br /><br /><font >The study says &lsquo;combines&rsquo;, a machine that is used only during harvesting and has taken away employment from a large number of farm labourers, work for only 11.59 hours a year, and more than three fourth (11.85%) of the diesel engines available in the state are lying idle. The only resource used more than required is electric motors and this has much to do with the fact that power comes free to farmers in Punjab. The use of electric motors is close to 100.35 hours per hectare, and it is the large farmers who use them the most (110.55%), while the usage is mere 27.70% by marginal farmers.</font><br /><br /><font >Dr Sukhpal Singh says: &ldquo;This study has thrown open a lot of interesting features. The belief that the farm family labour is surplus on the Punjab farms and despite this a large magnitude of hired labour is at work called for a look at the utilisation of labour. Green Revolution has given Punjab agriculture a huge share of mechanisation. Tractors, diesel engines, electric motors and threshers are a commonplace. It is generally said agriculture of Punjab is over capitalised and so it had become very important to examine the extent to which we were utilising or underutilising our resources.&rdquo; </font><br /><br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$reasonPhrase = 'OK'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitStatusLine() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 54
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181]
Code Context
                    $value

                ), $first);

                $first = false;
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr6813bb8a5fa6b-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 3942,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/font&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Economists&amp;rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent of the total &amp;lsquo;family labour&amp;rsquo; &amp;mdash; members of a farmer&amp;rsquo;s family &amp;mdash; available for agriculture remains underutilised in the state.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;A study of the resources employed in Punjab agriculture throws up interesting facts. The highest magnitude of underutilisation of migrant labour is on large farms (50.70%) and lowest on small farms (45.43%). As is the case of labour, farmers in Punjab face a shortage of tractors, too, though these are used for only 178 hours a year &amp;mdash; only to 17.27 per cent of their capacity. And tractors are used more on big farms and usually during the sowing and harvesting of crops.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;These figures are part of the study titled, A study into the Economics of Farming and Pattern of Income and Expenditure Distribution in Punjab Agriculture, conducted by economists Dr Sukhpal Singh, Dr V K Sharma and H S Khingra of the Department of Economics, Punjab Agricultural University.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;The study says &amp;lsquo;combines&amp;rsquo;, a machine that is used only during harvesting and has taken away employment from a large number of farm labourers, work for only 11.59 hours a year, and more than three fourth (11.85%) of the diesel engines available in the state are lying idle. The only resource used more than required is electric motors and this has much to do with the fact that power comes free to farmers in Punjab. The use of electric motors is close to 100.35 hours per hectare, and it is the large farmers who use them the most (110.55%), while the usage is mere 27.70% by marginal farmers.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Dr Sukhpal Singh says: &amp;ldquo;This study has thrown open a lot of interesting features. The belief that the farm family labour is surplus on the Punjab farms and despite this a large magnitude of hired labour is at work called for a look at the utilisation of labour. Green Revolution has given Punjab agriculture a huge share of mechanisation. Tractors, diesel engines, electric motors and threshers are a commonplace. It is generally said agriculture of Punjab is over capitalised and so it had become very important to examine the extent to which we were utilising or underutilising our resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 26 October, 2010, http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-Punjab-s-own-farm-hands-are-48--underutilised--says-study/702459/&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-punjabs-own-farm-hands-are-48-underutilised-says-study-by-amrita-chaudhry-4032&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4032,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 3942,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Labour,Agriculture&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;


Economists&amp;rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused

That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;font &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;font &gt;Economists&amp;rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent of the total &amp;lsquo;family labour&amp;rsquo; &amp;mdash; members of a farmer&amp;rsquo;s family &amp;mdash; available for agriculture remains underutilised in the state.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;A study of the resources employed in Punjab agriculture throws up interesting facts. The highest magnitude of underutilisation of migrant labour is on large farms (50.70%) and lowest on small farms (45.43%). As is the case of labour, farmers in Punjab face a shortage of tractors, too, though these are used for only 178 hours a year &amp;mdash; only to 17.27 per cent of their capacity. And tractors are used more on big farms and usually during the sowing and harvesting of crops.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;These figures are part of the study titled, A study into the Economics of Farming and Pattern of Income and Expenditure Distribution in Punjab Agriculture, conducted by economists Dr Sukhpal Singh, Dr V K Sharma and H S Khingra of the Department of Economics, Punjab Agricultural University.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;The study says &amp;lsquo;combines&amp;rsquo;, a machine that is used only during harvesting and has taken away employment from a large number of farm labourers, work for only 11.59 hours a year, and more than three fourth (11.85%) of the diesel engines available in the state are lying idle. The only resource used more than required is electric motors and this has much to do with the fact that power comes free to farmers in Punjab. The use of electric motors is close to 100.35 hours per hectare, and it is the large farmers who use them the most (110.55%), while the usage is mere 27.70% by marginal farmers.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;Dr Sukhpal Singh says: &amp;ldquo;This study has thrown open a lot of interesting features. The belief that the farm family labour is surplus on the Punjab farms and despite this a large magnitude of hired labour is at work called for a look at the utilisation of labour. Green Revolution has given Punjab agriculture a huge share of mechanisation. Tractors, diesel engines, electric motors and threshers are a commonplace. It is generally said agriculture of Punjab is over capitalised and so it had become very important to examine the extent to which we were utilising or underutilising our resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 3942,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/font&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Economists&amp;rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent of the total &amp;lsquo;family labour&amp;rsquo; &amp;mdash; members of a farmer&amp;rsquo;s family &amp;mdash; available for agriculture remains underutilised in the state.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;A study of the resources employed in Punjab agriculture throws up interesting facts. The highest magnitude of underutilisation of migrant labour is on large farms (50.70%) and lowest on small farms (45.43%). As is the case of labour, farmers in Punjab face a shortage of tractors, too, though these are used for only 178 hours a year &amp;mdash; only to 17.27 per cent of their capacity. And tractors are used more on big farms and usually during the sowing and harvesting of crops.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;These figures are part of the study titled, A study into the Economics of Farming and Pattern of Income and Expenditure Distribution in Punjab Agriculture, conducted by economists Dr Sukhpal Singh, Dr V K Sharma and H S Khingra of the Department of Economics, Punjab Agricultural University.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;The study says &amp;lsquo;combines&amp;rsquo;, a machine that is used only during harvesting and has taken away employment from a large number of farm labourers, work for only 11.59 hours a year, and more than three fourth (11.85%) of the diesel engines available in the state are lying idle. The only resource used more than required is electric motors and this has much to do with the fact that power comes free to farmers in Punjab. The use of electric motors is close to 100.35 hours per hectare, and it is the large farmers who use them the most (110.55%), while the usage is mere 27.70% by marginal farmers.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Dr Sukhpal Singh says: &amp;ldquo;This study has thrown open a lot of interesting features. The belief that the farm family labour is surplus on the Punjab farms and despite this a large magnitude of hired labour is at work called for a look at the utilisation of labour. Green Revolution has given Punjab agriculture a huge share of mechanisation. Tractors, diesel engines, electric motors and threshers are a commonplace. It is generally said agriculture of Punjab is over capitalised and so it had become very important to examine the extent to which we were utilising or underutilising our resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 26 October, 2010, http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-Punjab-s-own-farm-hands-are-48--underutilised--says-study/702459/&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-punjabs-own-farm-hands-are-48-underutilised-says-study-by-amrita-chaudhry-4032&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4032,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 3942
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Labour,Agriculture&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;


Economists&amp;rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused

That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;font &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;font &gt;Economists&amp;rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent of the total &amp;lsquo;family labour&amp;rsquo; &amp;mdash; members of a farmer&amp;rsquo;s family &amp;mdash; available for agriculture remains underutilised in the state.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;A study of the resources employed in Punjab agriculture throws up interesting facts. The highest magnitude of underutilisation of migrant labour is on large farms (50.70%) and lowest on small farms (45.43%). As is the case of labour, farmers in Punjab face a shortage of tractors, too, though these are used for only 178 hours a year &amp;mdash; only to 17.27 per cent of their capacity. And tractors are used more on big farms and usually during the sowing and harvesting of crops.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;These figures are part of the study titled, A study into the Economics of Farming and Pattern of Income and Expenditure Distribution in Punjab Agriculture, conducted by economists Dr Sukhpal Singh, Dr V K Sharma and H S Khingra of the Department of Economics, Punjab Agricultural University.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;The study says &amp;lsquo;combines&amp;rsquo;, a machine that is used only during harvesting and has taken away employment from a large number of farm labourers, work for only 11.59 hours a year, and more than three fourth (11.85%) of the diesel engines available in the state are lying idle. The only resource used more than required is electric motors and this has much to do with the fact that power comes free to farmers in Punjab. The use of electric motors is close to 100.35 hours per hectare, and it is the large farmers who use them the most (110.55%), while the usage is mere 27.70% by marginal farmers.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font &gt;Dr Sukhpal Singh says: &amp;ldquo;This study has thrown open a lot of interesting features. The belief that the farm family labour is surplus on the Punjab farms and despite this a large magnitude of hired labour is at work called for a look at the utilisation of labour. Green Revolution has given Punjab agriculture a huge share of mechanisation. Tractors, diesel engines, electric motors and threshers are a commonplace. It is generally said agriculture of Punjab is over capitalised and so it had become very important to examine the extent to which we were utilising or underutilising our resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-punjabs-own-farm-hands-are-48-underutilised-says-study-by-amrita-chaudhry-4032.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="


Economists&rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused

That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <font ><br /></font><div align="justify"><em><font >Economists&rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused</font><br /></em><br /><font >That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent of the total &lsquo;family labour&rsquo; &mdash; members of a farmer&rsquo;s family &mdash; available for agriculture remains underutilised in the state.</font><br /><br /><font >A study of the resources employed in Punjab agriculture throws up interesting facts. The highest magnitude of underutilisation of migrant labour is on large farms (50.70%) and lowest on small farms (45.43%). As is the case of labour, farmers in Punjab face a shortage of tractors, too, though these are used for only 178 hours a year &mdash; only to 17.27 per cent of their capacity. And tractors are used more on big farms and usually during the sowing and harvesting of crops.</font><br /><br /><font >These figures are part of the study titled, A study into the Economics of Farming and Pattern of Income and Expenditure Distribution in Punjab Agriculture, conducted by economists Dr Sukhpal Singh, Dr V K Sharma and H S Khingra of the Department of Economics, Punjab Agricultural University.</font><br /><br /><font >The study says &lsquo;combines&rsquo;, a machine that is used only during harvesting and has taken away employment from a large number of farm labourers, work for only 11.59 hours a year, and more than three fourth (11.85%) of the diesel engines available in the state are lying idle. The only resource used more than required is electric motors and this has much to do with the fact that power comes free to farmers in Punjab. The use of electric motors is close to 100.35 hours per hectare, and it is the large farmers who use them the most (110.55%), while the usage is mere 27.70% by marginal farmers.</font><br /><br /><font >Dr Sukhpal Singh says: &ldquo;This study has thrown open a lot of interesting features. The belief that the farm family labour is surplus on the Punjab farms and despite this a large magnitude of hired labour is at work called for a look at the utilisation of labour. Green Revolution has given Punjab agriculture a huge share of mechanisation. Tractors, diesel engines, electric motors and threshers are a commonplace. It is generally said agriculture of Punjab is over capitalised and so it had become very important to examine the extent to which we were utilising or underutilising our resources.&rdquo; </font><br /><br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$cookies = []
$values = [
	(int) 0 => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
]
$name = 'Content-Type'
$first = true
$value = 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitHeaders() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 55
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

<head>

    <link rel="canonical" href="<?php echo Configure::read('SITE_URL'); ?><?php echo $urlPrefix;?><?php echo $article_current->category->slug; ?>/<?php echo $article_current->seo_url; ?>.html"/>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>

$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp'
$dataForView = [
	'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		'id' => (int) 3942,
		'title' => 'Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry',
		'subheading' => '',
		'description' => '<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3"><br />
</font>
<div align="justify">
<em><font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">Economists&rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused</font><br />
</em><br />
<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent of the total &lsquo;family labour&rsquo; &mdash; members of a farmer&rsquo;s family &mdash; available for agriculture remains underutilised in the state.</font><br />
<br />
<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">A study of the resources employed in Punjab agriculture throws up interesting facts. The highest magnitude of underutilisation of migrant labour is on large farms (50.70%) and lowest on small farms (45.43%). As is the case of labour, farmers in Punjab face a shortage of tractors, too, though these are used for only 178 hours a year &mdash; only to 17.27 per cent of their capacity. And tractors are used more on big farms and usually during the sowing and harvesting of crops.</font><br />
<br />
<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">These figures are part of the study titled, A study into the Economics of Farming and Pattern of Income and Expenditure Distribution in Punjab Agriculture, conducted by economists Dr Sukhpal Singh, Dr V K Sharma and H S Khingra of the Department of Economics, Punjab Agricultural University.</font><br />
<br />
<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">The study says &lsquo;combines&rsquo;, a machine that is used only during harvesting and has taken away employment from a large number of farm labourers, work for only 11.59 hours a year, and more than three fourth (11.85%) of the diesel engines available in the state are lying idle. The only resource used more than required is electric motors and this has much to do with the fact that power comes free to farmers in Punjab. The use of electric motors is close to 100.35 hours per hectare, and it is the large farmers who use them the most (110.55%), while the usage is mere 27.70% by marginal farmers.</font><br />
<br />
<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">Dr Sukhpal Singh says: &ldquo;This study has thrown open a lot of interesting features. The belief that the farm family labour is surplus on the Punjab farms and despite this a large magnitude of hired labour is at work called for a look at the utilisation of labour. Green Revolution has given Punjab agriculture a huge share of mechanisation. Tractors, diesel engines, electric motors and threshers are a commonplace. It is generally said agriculture of Punjab is over capitalised and so it had become very important to examine the extent to which we were utilising or underutilising our resources.&rdquo; </font><br />
<br />
</div>',
		'credit_writer' => 'The Indian Express, 26 October, 2010, http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-Punjab-s-own-farm-hands-are-48--underutilised--says-study/702459/',
		'article_img' => '',
		'article_img_thumb' => '',
		'status' => (int) 1,
		'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
		'lang' => 'EN',
		'category_id' => (int) 16,
		'tag_keyword' => '',
		'seo_url' => 'shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-punjabs-own-farm-hands-are-48-underutilised-says-study-by-amrita-chaudhry-4032',
		'meta_title' => null,
		'meta_keywords' => null,
		'meta_description' => null,
		'noindex' => (int) 0,
		'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		'most_visit_section_id' => null,
		'article_big_img' => null,
		'liveid' => (int) 4032,
		'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'edate' => '',
		'tags' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[hasErrors]' => false,
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'Articles'
	
	},
	'articleid' => (int) 3942,
	'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry',
	'metaKeywords' => 'Labour,Agriculture',
	'metaDesc' => '


Economists&rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused

That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent...',
	'disp' => '<font ><br /></font><div align="justify"><em><font >Economists&rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused</font><br /></em><br /><font >That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent of the total &lsquo;family labour&rsquo; &mdash; members of a farmer&rsquo;s family &mdash; available for agriculture remains underutilised in the state.</font><br /><br /><font >A study of the resources employed in Punjab agriculture throws up interesting facts. The highest magnitude of underutilisation of migrant labour is on large farms (50.70%) and lowest on small farms (45.43%). As is the case of labour, farmers in Punjab face a shortage of tractors, too, though these are used for only 178 hours a year &mdash; only to 17.27 per cent of their capacity. And tractors are used more on big farms and usually during the sowing and harvesting of crops.</font><br /><br /><font >These figures are part of the study titled, A study into the Economics of Farming and Pattern of Income and Expenditure Distribution in Punjab Agriculture, conducted by economists Dr Sukhpal Singh, Dr V K Sharma and H S Khingra of the Department of Economics, Punjab Agricultural University.</font><br /><br /><font >The study says &lsquo;combines&rsquo;, a machine that is used only during harvesting and has taken away employment from a large number of farm labourers, work for only 11.59 hours a year, and more than three fourth (11.85%) of the diesel engines available in the state are lying idle. The only resource used more than required is electric motors and this has much to do with the fact that power comes free to farmers in Punjab. The use of electric motors is close to 100.35 hours per hectare, and it is the large farmers who use them the most (110.55%), while the usage is mere 27.70% by marginal farmers.</font><br /><br /><font >Dr Sukhpal Singh says: &ldquo;This study has thrown open a lot of interesting features. The belief that the farm family labour is surplus on the Punjab farms and despite this a large magnitude of hired labour is at work called for a look at the utilisation of labour. Green Revolution has given Punjab agriculture a huge share of mechanisation. Tractors, diesel engines, electric motors and threshers are a commonplace. It is generally said agriculture of Punjab is over capitalised and so it had become very important to examine the extent to which we were utilising or underutilising our resources.&rdquo; </font><br /><br /></div>',
	'lang' => 'English',
	'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/',
	'site_title' => 'im4change',
	'adminprix' => 'admin'
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	'id' => (int) 3942,
	'title' => 'Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry',
	'subheading' => '',
	'description' => '<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3"><br />
</font>
<div align="justify">
<em><font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">Economists&rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused</font><br />
</em><br />
<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent of the total &lsquo;family labour&rsquo; &mdash; members of a farmer&rsquo;s family &mdash; available for agriculture remains underutilised in the state.</font><br />
<br />
<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">A study of the resources employed in Punjab agriculture throws up interesting facts. The highest magnitude of underutilisation of migrant labour is on large farms (50.70%) and lowest on small farms (45.43%). As is the case of labour, farmers in Punjab face a shortage of tractors, too, though these are used for only 178 hours a year &mdash; only to 17.27 per cent of their capacity. And tractors are used more on big farms and usually during the sowing and harvesting of crops.</font><br />
<br />
<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">These figures are part of the study titled, A study into the Economics of Farming and Pattern of Income and Expenditure Distribution in Punjab Agriculture, conducted by economists Dr Sukhpal Singh, Dr V K Sharma and H S Khingra of the Department of Economics, Punjab Agricultural University.</font><br />
<br />
<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">The study says &lsquo;combines&rsquo;, a machine that is used only during harvesting and has taken away employment from a large number of farm labourers, work for only 11.59 hours a year, and more than three fourth (11.85%) of the diesel engines available in the state are lying idle. The only resource used more than required is electric motors and this has much to do with the fact that power comes free to farmers in Punjab. The use of electric motors is close to 100.35 hours per hectare, and it is the large farmers who use them the most (110.55%), while the usage is mere 27.70% by marginal farmers.</font><br />
<br />
<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">Dr Sukhpal Singh says: &ldquo;This study has thrown open a lot of interesting features. The belief that the farm family labour is surplus on the Punjab farms and despite this a large magnitude of hired labour is at work called for a look at the utilisation of labour. Green Revolution has given Punjab agriculture a huge share of mechanisation. Tractors, diesel engines, electric motors and threshers are a commonplace. It is generally said agriculture of Punjab is over capitalised and so it had become very important to examine the extent to which we were utilising or underutilising our resources.&rdquo; </font><br />
<br />
</div>',
	'credit_writer' => 'The Indian Express, 26 October, 2010, http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-Punjab-s-own-farm-hands-are-48--underutilised--says-study/702459/',
	'article_img' => '',
	'article_img_thumb' => '',
	'status' => (int) 1,
	'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
	'lang' => 'EN',
	'category_id' => (int) 16,
	'tag_keyword' => '',
	'seo_url' => 'shortage-of-migrant-labour-but-punjabs-own-farm-hands-are-48-underutilised-says-study-by-amrita-chaudhry-4032',
	'meta_title' => null,
	'meta_keywords' => null,
	'meta_description' => null,
	'noindex' => (int) 0,
	'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	'most_visit_section_id' => null,
	'article_big_img' => null,
	'liveid' => (int) 4032,
	'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'edate' => '',
	'tags' => [
		(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	'[new]' => false,
	'[accessible]' => [
		'*' => true,
		'id' => false
	],
	'[dirty]' => [],
	'[original]' => [],
	'[virtual]' => [],
	'[hasErrors]' => false,
	'[errors]' => [],
	'[invalid]' => [],
	'[repository]' => 'Articles'

}
$articleid = (int) 3942
$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry'
$metaKeywords = 'Labour,Agriculture'
$metaDesc = '


Economists&rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused

That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent...'
$disp = '<font ><br /></font><div align="justify"><em><font >Economists&rsquo; report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused</font><br /></em><br /><font >That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent of the total &lsquo;family labour&rsquo; &mdash; members of a farmer&rsquo;s family &mdash; available for agriculture remains underutilised in the state.</font><br /><br /><font >A study of the resources employed in Punjab agriculture throws up interesting facts. The highest magnitude of underutilisation of migrant labour is on large farms (50.70%) and lowest on small farms (45.43%). As is the case of labour, farmers in Punjab face a shortage of tractors, too, though these are used for only 178 hours a year &mdash; only to 17.27 per cent of their capacity. And tractors are used more on big farms and usually during the sowing and harvesting of crops.</font><br /><br /><font >These figures are part of the study titled, A study into the Economics of Farming and Pattern of Income and Expenditure Distribution in Punjab Agriculture, conducted by economists Dr Sukhpal Singh, Dr V K Sharma and H S Khingra of the Department of Economics, Punjab Agricultural University.</font><br /><br /><font >The study says &lsquo;combines&rsquo;, a machine that is used only during harvesting and has taken away employment from a large number of farm labourers, work for only 11.59 hours a year, and more than three fourth (11.85%) of the diesel engines available in the state are lying idle. The only resource used more than required is electric motors and this has much to do with the fact that power comes free to farmers in Punjab. The use of electric motors is close to 100.35 hours per hectare, and it is the large farmers who use them the most (110.55%), while the usage is mere 27.70% by marginal farmers.</font><br /><br /><font >Dr Sukhpal Singh says: &ldquo;This study has thrown open a lot of interesting features. The belief that the farm family labour is surplus on the Punjab farms and despite this a large magnitude of hired labour is at work called for a look at the utilisation of labour. Green Revolution has given Punjab agriculture a huge share of mechanisation. Tractors, diesel engines, electric motors and threshers are a commonplace. It is generally said agriculture of Punjab is over capitalised and so it had become very important to examine the extent to which we were utilising or underutilising our resources.&rdquo; </font><br /><br /></div>'
$lang = 'English'
$SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/'
$site_title = 'im4change'
$adminprix = 'admin'

include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51

Shortage of migrant labour but Punjab’s own farm hands are 48% underutilised, says study by Amrita Chaudhry

Economists’ report says tractors are used for just 178 hrs a year and electric motors are overused That Punjab faces an acute labour shortage each paddy season is a known and established fact. But not many know that 48.66 per cent of the total ‘family labour’ — members of a farmer’s family — available for agriculture remains underutilised in the state. A study of the resources employed in Punjab agriculture throws up interesting facts. The highest magnitude of underutilisation of migrant labour is on large farms (50.70%) and lowest on small farms (45.43%). As is the case of labour, farmers in Punjab face a shortage of tractors, too, though these are used for only 178 hours a year — only to 17.27 per cent of their capacity. And tractors are used more on big farms and usually during the sowing and harvesting of crops. These figures are part of the study titled, A study into the Economics of Farming and Pattern of Income and Expenditure Distribution in Punjab Agriculture, conducted by economists Dr Sukhpal Singh, Dr V K Sharma and H S Khingra of the Department of Economics, Punjab Agricultural University. The study says ‘combines’, a machine that is used only during harvesting and has taken away employment from a large number of farm labourers, work for only 11.59 hours a year, and more than three fourth (11.85%) of the diesel engines available in the state are lying idle. The only resource used more than required is electric motors and this has much to do with the fact that power comes free to farmers in Punjab. The use of electric motors is close to 100.35 hours per hectare, and it is the large farmers who use them the most (110.55%), while the usage is mere 27.70% by marginal farmers. Dr Sukhpal Singh says: “This study has thrown open a lot of interesting features. The belief that the farm family labour is surplus on the Punjab farms and despite this a large magnitude of hired labour is at work called for a look at the utilisation of labour. Green Revolution has given Punjab agriculture a huge share of mechanisation. Tractors, diesel engines, electric motors and threshers are a commonplace. It is generally said agriculture of Punjab is over capitalised and so it had become very important to examine the extent to which we were utilising or underutilising our resources.”