Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
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                <strong>The Covid-19 Pandemic and Agriculture in Rural India: Observations from Indian Villages -Tapas Singh Modak and Soham Bhattacharya</strong></h1>
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                <p style="text-align:justify">-Review of Agrarian Studies, Vol. 11, No. 1, January-June, 2021</p><p style="text-align:justify">This <a href="http://ras.org.in/the_covid_19_pandemic_and_agriculture_in_rural_india?fbclid=IwAR3-AeA0n9TLzPXzbGwOAXFPPK0sT_GBS3oPNgwLJ9GSuSXrmkJI1DzSGOo" title="http://ras.org.in/the_covid_19_pandemic_and_agriculture_in_rural_india?fbclid=IwAR3-AeA0n9TLzPXzbGwOAXFPPK0sT_GBS3oPNgwLJ9GSuSXrmkJI1DzSGOo">note</a> analyses the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the production and cost of cultivation of crops grown in the monsoon (kharif) season. The note is based on a survey of 164 informants from 26 villages across 13 States of India. The survey, conducted by the Foundation for Agrarian Studies (FAS) between mid-September and mid-October, 2020, was based on telephone interviews. Detailed socio-economic surveys of 24 of these villages have been conducted by the FAS over the past decade under a programme of village studies titled the Project on Agrarian Relations in India (PARI). In addition, in 2020, interviews were conducted in two village panchayats, Adat and Tholur, in Thrissur district, Kerala.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The 26 villages are drawn from a diverse cross-section of villages in India. Based on previous survey data, a socio-economic classification of households was undertaken for all the PARI villages. Sample households were selected from the FAS database. In Kerala, two village panchayats were surveyed by Deepak Johnson of the Economic Analysis Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore, in 2018&ndash;19. Of the 164 informants, 22 were from landlord/rich capitalist farmer households, 36 from rich/middle peasant households, 45 from poor peasant households, 38 from manual worker households, and the remaining 23 from households engaged in business and other non-agricultural activities. In the Kerala villages, two informants were interviewed from each of the following groups: households with operational holdings of less than 1 ha., of 1&ndash;2 ha., and of more than 2 ha.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The interviews were conducted with the full consent of the informants. The questions in the interviews sought primarily to understand the effects of the pandemic on agricultural production, employment, income, and food security in rural India.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="/upload/files/The%20Covid-19%20Pandemic%20and%20Agriculture%20in%20Rural%20India%20Observations%20from%20Indian%20Villages.pdf" title="/upload/files/The%20Covid-19%20Pandemic%20and%20Agriculture%20in%20Rural%20India%20Observations%20from%20Indian%20Villages.pdf">click here</a> to access,</p>               </font>
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                <strong>The Covid-19 Pandemic and Agriculture in Rural India: Observations from Indian Villages -Tapas Singh Modak and Soham Bhattacharya</strong></h1>
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                <p style="text-align:justify">-Review of Agrarian Studies, Vol. 11, No. 1, January-June, 2021</p><p style="text-align:justify">This <a href="http://ras.org.in/the_covid_19_pandemic_and_agriculture_in_rural_india?fbclid=IwAR3-AeA0n9TLzPXzbGwOAXFPPK0sT_GBS3oPNgwLJ9GSuSXrmkJI1DzSGOo" title="http://ras.org.in/the_covid_19_pandemic_and_agriculture_in_rural_india?fbclid=IwAR3-AeA0n9TLzPXzbGwOAXFPPK0sT_GBS3oPNgwLJ9GSuSXrmkJI1DzSGOo">note</a> analyses the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the production and cost of cultivation of crops grown in the monsoon (kharif) season. The note is based on a survey of 164 informants from 26 villages across 13 States of India. The survey, conducted by the Foundation for Agrarian Studies (FAS) between mid-September and mid-October, 2020, was based on telephone interviews. Detailed socio-economic surveys of 24 of these villages have been conducted by the FAS over the past decade under a programme of village studies titled the Project on Agrarian Relations in India (PARI). In addition, in 2020, interviews were conducted in two village panchayats, Adat and Tholur, in Thrissur district, Kerala.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The 26 villages are drawn from a diverse cross-section of villages in India. Based on previous survey data, a socio-economic classification of households was undertaken for all the PARI villages. Sample households were selected from the FAS database. In Kerala, two village panchayats were surveyed by Deepak Johnson of the Economic Analysis Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore, in 2018&ndash;19. Of the 164 informants, 22 were from landlord/rich capitalist farmer households, 36 from rich/middle peasant households, 45 from poor peasant households, 38 from manual worker households, and the remaining 23 from households engaged in business and other non-agricultural activities. In the Kerala villages, two informants were interviewed from each of the following groups: households with operational holdings of less than 1 ha., of 1&ndash;2 ha., and of more than 2 ha.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The interviews were conducted with the full consent of the informants. The questions in the interviews sought primarily to understand the effects of the pandemic on agricultural production, employment, income, and food security in rural India.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="/upload/files/The%20Covid-19%20Pandemic%20and%20Agriculture%20in%20Rural%20India%20Observations%20from%20Indian%20Villages.pdf" title="/upload/files/The%20Covid-19%20Pandemic%20and%20Agriculture%20in%20Rural%20India%20Observations%20from%20Indian%20Villages.pdf">click here</a> to access,</p>               </font>
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                <strong>The Covid-19 Pandemic and Agriculture in Rural India: Observations from Indian Villages -Tapas Singh Modak and Soham Bhattacharya</strong></h1>
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                <p style="text-align:justify">-Review of Agrarian Studies, Vol. 11, No. 1, January-June, 2021</p><p style="text-align:justify">This <a href="http://ras.org.in/the_covid_19_pandemic_and_agriculture_in_rural_india?fbclid=IwAR3-AeA0n9TLzPXzbGwOAXFPPK0sT_GBS3oPNgwLJ9GSuSXrmkJI1DzSGOo" title="http://ras.org.in/the_covid_19_pandemic_and_agriculture_in_rural_india?fbclid=IwAR3-AeA0n9TLzPXzbGwOAXFPPK0sT_GBS3oPNgwLJ9GSuSXrmkJI1DzSGOo">note</a> analyses the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the production and cost of cultivation of crops grown in the monsoon (kharif) season. The note is based on a survey of 164 informants from 26 villages across 13 States of India. The survey, conducted by the Foundation for Agrarian Studies (FAS) between mid-September and mid-October, 2020, was based on telephone interviews. Detailed socio-economic surveys of 24 of these villages have been conducted by the FAS over the past decade under a programme of village studies titled the Project on Agrarian Relations in India (PARI). In addition, in 2020, interviews were conducted in two village panchayats, Adat and Tholur, in Thrissur district, Kerala.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The 26 villages are drawn from a diverse cross-section of villages in India. Based on previous survey data, a socio-economic classification of households was undertaken for all the PARI villages. Sample households were selected from the FAS database. In Kerala, two village panchayats were surveyed by Deepak Johnson of the Economic Analysis Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore, in 2018&ndash;19. Of the 164 informants, 22 were from landlord/rich capitalist farmer households, 36 from rich/middle peasant households, 45 from poor peasant households, 38 from manual worker households, and the remaining 23 from households engaged in business and other non-agricultural activities. In the Kerala villages, two informants were interviewed from each of the following groups: households with operational holdings of less than 1 ha., of 1&ndash;2 ha., and of more than 2 ha.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The interviews were conducted with the full consent of the informants. The questions in the interviews sought primarily to understand the effects of the pandemic on agricultural production, employment, income, and food security in rural India.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="/upload/files/The%20Covid-19%20Pandemic%20and%20Agriculture%20in%20Rural%20India%20Observations%20from%20Indian%20Villages.pdf" title="/upload/files/The%20Covid-19%20Pandemic%20and%20Agriculture%20in%20Rural%20India%20Observations%20from%20Indian%20Villages.pdf">click here</a> to access,</p>               </font>
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<p style="text-align:justify">This <a href="http://ras.org.in/the_covid_19_pandemic_and_agriculture_in_rural_india?fbclid=IwAR3-AeA0n9TLzPXzbGwOAXFPPK0sT_GBS3oPNgwLJ9GSuSXrmkJI1DzSGOo">note</a> analyses the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the production and cost of cultivation of crops grown in the monsoon (kharif) season. The note is based on a survey of 164 informants from 26 villages across 13 States of India. The survey, conducted by the Foundation for Agrarian Studies (FAS) between mid-September and mid-October, 2020, was based on telephone interviews. Detailed socio-economic surveys of 24 of these villages have been conducted by the FAS over the past decade under a programme of village studies titled the Project on Agrarian Relations in India (PARI). In addition, in 2020, interviews were conducted in two village panchayats, Adat and Tholur, in Thrissur district, Kerala.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">The 26 villages are drawn from a diverse cross-section of villages in India. Based on previous survey data, a socio-economic classification of households was undertaken for all the PARI villages. Sample households were selected from the FAS database. In Kerala, two village panchayats were surveyed by Deepak Johnson of the Economic Analysis Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore, in 2018&ndash;19. Of the 164 informants, 22 were from landlord/rich capitalist farmer households, 36 from rich/middle peasant households, 45 from poor peasant households, 38 from manual worker households, and the remaining 23 from households engaged in business and other non-agricultural activities. In the Kerala villages, two informants were interviewed from each of the following groups: households with operational holdings of less than 1 ha., of 1&ndash;2 ha., and of more than 2 ha.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">The interviews were conducted with the full consent of the informants. The questions in the interviews sought primarily to understand the effects of the pandemic on agricultural production, employment, income, and food security in rural India.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="/upload/files/The%20Covid-19%20Pandemic%20and%20Agriculture%20in%20Rural%20India%20Observations%20from%20Indian%20Villages.pdf">click here</a> to access,</p>
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This note analyses the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the production and cost of cultivation of crops grown in the monsoon (kharif) season. The note is based on a survey...'
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The Covid-19 Pandemic and Agriculture in Rural India: Observations from Indian Villages -Tapas Singh Modak and Soham Bhattacharya

-Review of Agrarian Studies, Vol. 11, No. 1, January-June, 2021 This note analyses the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the production and cost of cultivation of crops grown in the monsoon (kharif) season. The note is based on a survey of 164 informants from 26 villages across 13 States of India. The survey, conducted by the Foundation for Agrarian Studies (FAS) between mid-September and mid-October, 2020, was based on telephone interviews. Detailed socio-economic surveys of 24 of these villages have been conducted by the FAS over the past decade under a programme of village studies titled the Project on Agrarian Relations in India (PARI). In addition, in 2020, interviews were conducted in two village panchayats, Adat and Tholur, in Thrissur district, Kerala. The 26 villages are drawn from a diverse cross-section of villages in India. Based on previous survey data, a socio-economic classification of households was undertaken for all the PARI villages. Sample households were selected from the FAS database. In Kerala, two village panchayats were surveyed by Deepak Johnson of the Economic Analysis Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore, in 2018–19. Of the 164 informants, 22 were from landlord/rich capitalist farmer households, 36 from rich/middle peasant households, 45 from poor peasant households, 38 from manual worker households, and the remaining 23 from households engaged in business and other non-agricultural activities. In the Kerala villages, two informants were interviewed from each of the following groups: households with operational holdings of less than 1 ha., of 1–2 ha., and of more than 2 ha. The interviews were conducted with the full consent of the informants. The questions in the interviews sought primarily to understand the effects of the pandemic on agricultural production, employment, income, and food security in rural India. Please click here to access,