Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;A top economic adviser has flagged the risk of stagnation that lack of inclusive growth could cause. We must reduce inequality and help everyone achieve upward mobility&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The warning by Rathin Roy, a member of an economic panel advising Prime Minister Narendra Modi, that India could be headed for a &amp;ldquo;structural crisis&amp;quot; has sparked a debate on whether the economy&amp;rsquo;s days of high single-digit growth rates are a thing of the past. According to Roy, India&amp;rsquo;s growth has mostly been driven by demand generated by 100 million-odd people at the top of the country&amp;rsquo;s socio-economic pyramid. But that demand has begun to exhaust itself, and so India could slip into a &amp;ldquo;middle-income trap&amp;quot;. This is a risk that emerging economies are said to be vulnerable to. As a country runs out of new sources of growth after an initial burst of rapid expansion, it finds itself unable to break into a higher-income league. In India right now, the relatively weak offtake of everything, from cars and apartments to suds and toothbrushes, points to a slowdown in consumption. But is this temporary, or a sign of early market saturation?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wealth inequality and the hierarchical distribution of income in developing countries has long been identified as a growth barrier. The greater the gaps between strata, by this analysis, the slower the upward mobility of families that are at lower levels. Such economies typically experience lopsided expansion, with the positive fallout of an economic boom on top often failing to reach those below. Sustaining growth requires the mass mobilization of financial as well as human resources, and if inequality is acute, the latter tend to come up short. This phenomenon is exemplified by Brazil and South Africa, among a few others. These countries increased their economic output at a fast clip for several years at a stretch, but large sections of their population did not see their lives get better. They got left behind. India appears to have undergone something similar. Opening up to global capital in the early 1990s gave the economy a big boost, transforming upper-crust and middle-class lifestyles beyond recognition. Their prosperity also generated enough demand for goods and services for India&amp;rsquo;s have-nots to get slightly better off, and it&amp;rsquo;s clear that poverty levels did fall. Yet, growth impulses seem to have flagged and the economy&amp;rsquo;s incline has flattened out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/opinion/online-views/opinion-the-middle-income-trap-that-india-must-avert-1557670151023.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access. &lt;br /&gt;
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A top economic adviser has flagged the risk of stagnation that lack of inclusive growth could cause. We must reduce inequality and help everyone achieve upward mobility

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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/opinion/online-views/opinion-the-middle-income-trap-that-india-must-avert-1557670151023.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access. &lt;br /&gt;
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A top economic adviser has flagged the risk of stagnation that lack of inclusive growth could cause. We must reduce inequality and help everyone achieve upward mobility

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A top economic adviser has flagged the risk of stagnation that lack of inclusive growth could cause. We must reduce inequality and help everyone achieve upward mobility

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                <strong>The middle income trap that India must avert</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>A top economic adviser has flagged the risk of stagnation that lack of inclusive growth could cause. We must reduce inequality and help everyone achieve upward mobility<br /></em><br />The warning by Rathin Roy, a member of an economic panel advising Prime Minister Narendra Modi, that India could be headed for a &ldquo;structural crisis&quot; has sparked a debate on whether the economy&rsquo;s days of high single-digit growth rates are a thing of the past. According to Roy, India&rsquo;s growth has mostly been driven by demand generated by 100 million-odd people at the top of the country&rsquo;s socio-economic pyramid. But that demand has begun to exhaust itself, and so India could slip into a &ldquo;middle-income trap&quot;. This is a risk that emerging economies are said to be vulnerable to. As a country runs out of new sources of growth after an initial burst of rapid expansion, it finds itself unable to break into a higher-income league. In India right now, the relatively weak offtake of everything, from cars and apartments to suds and toothbrushes, points to a slowdown in consumption. But is this temporary, or a sign of early market saturation?<br /><br />Wealth inequality and the hierarchical distribution of income in developing countries has long been identified as a growth barrier. The greater the gaps between strata, by this analysis, the slower the upward mobility of families that are at lower levels. Such economies typically experience lopsided expansion, with the positive fallout of an economic boom on top often failing to reach those below. Sustaining growth requires the mass mobilization of financial as well as human resources, and if inequality is acute, the latter tend to come up short. This phenomenon is exemplified by Brazil and South Africa, among a few others. These countries increased their economic output at a fast clip for several years at a stretch, but large sections of their population did not see their lives get better. They got left behind. India appears to have undergone something similar. Opening up to global capital in the early 1990s gave the economy a big boost, transforming upper-crust and middle-class lifestyles beyond recognition. Their prosperity also generated enough demand for goods and services for India&rsquo;s have-nots to get slightly better off, and it&rsquo;s clear that poverty levels did fall. Yet, growth impulses seem to have flagged and the economy&rsquo;s incline has flattened out.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.livemint.com/opinion/online-views/opinion-the-middle-income-trap-that-india-must-avert-1557670151023.html" title="https://www.livemint.com/opinion/online-views/opinion-the-middle-income-trap-that-india-must-avert-1557670151023.html">click here</a> to access. <br /></div>               </font>
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;A top economic adviser has flagged the risk of stagnation that lack of inclusive growth could cause. We must reduce inequality and help everyone achieve upward mobility&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The warning by Rathin Roy, a member of an economic panel advising Prime Minister Narendra Modi, that India could be headed for a &amp;ldquo;structural crisis&amp;quot; has sparked a debate on whether the economy&amp;rsquo;s days of high single-digit growth rates are a thing of the past. According to Roy, India&amp;rsquo;s growth has mostly been driven by demand generated by 100 million-odd people at the top of the country&amp;rsquo;s socio-economic pyramid. But that demand has begun to exhaust itself, and so India could slip into a &amp;ldquo;middle-income trap&amp;quot;. This is a risk that emerging economies are said to be vulnerable to. As a country runs out of new sources of growth after an initial burst of rapid expansion, it finds itself unable to break into a higher-income league. In India right now, the relatively weak offtake of everything, from cars and apartments to suds and toothbrushes, points to a slowdown in consumption. But is this temporary, or a sign of early market saturation?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wealth inequality and the hierarchical distribution of income in developing countries has long been identified as a growth barrier. The greater the gaps between strata, by this analysis, the slower the upward mobility of families that are at lower levels. Such economies typically experience lopsided expansion, with the positive fallout of an economic boom on top often failing to reach those below. Sustaining growth requires the mass mobilization of financial as well as human resources, and if inequality is acute, the latter tend to come up short. This phenomenon is exemplified by Brazil and South Africa, among a few others. These countries increased their economic output at a fast clip for several years at a stretch, but large sections of their population did not see their lives get better. They got left behind. India appears to have undergone something similar. Opening up to global capital in the early 1990s gave the economy a big boost, transforming upper-crust and middle-class lifestyles beyond recognition. Their prosperity also generated enough demand for goods and services for India&amp;rsquo;s have-nots to get slightly better off, and it&amp;rsquo;s clear that poverty levels did fall. Yet, growth impulses seem to have flagged and the economy&amp;rsquo;s incline has flattened out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/opinion/online-views/opinion-the-middle-income-trap-that-india-must-avert-1557670151023.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access. &lt;br /&gt;
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A top economic adviser has flagged the risk of stagnation that lack of inclusive growth could cause. We must reduce inequality and help everyone achieve upward mobility

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&lt;em&gt;A top economic adviser has flagged the risk of stagnation that lack of inclusive growth could cause. We must reduce inequality and help everyone achieve upward mobility&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
Wealth inequality and the hierarchical distribution of income in developing countries has long been identified as a growth barrier. The greater the gaps between strata, by this analysis, the slower the upward mobility of families that are at lower levels. Such economies typically experience lopsided expansion, with the positive fallout of an economic boom on top often failing to reach those below. Sustaining growth requires the mass mobilization of financial as well as human resources, and if inequality is acute, the latter tend to come up short. This phenomenon is exemplified by Brazil and South Africa, among a few others. These countries increased their economic output at a fast clip for several years at a stretch, but large sections of their population did not see their lives get better. They got left behind. India appears to have undergone something similar. Opening up to global capital in the early 1990s gave the economy a big boost, transforming upper-crust and middle-class lifestyles beyond recognition. Their prosperity also generated enough demand for goods and services for India&amp;rsquo;s have-nots to get slightly better off, and it&amp;rsquo;s clear that poverty levels did fall. Yet, growth impulses seem to have flagged and the economy&amp;rsquo;s incline has flattened out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/opinion/online-views/opinion-the-middle-income-trap-that-india-must-avert-1557670151023.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access. &lt;br /&gt;
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A top economic adviser has flagged the risk of stagnation that lack of inclusive growth could cause. We must reduce inequality and help everyone achieve upward mobility

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A top economic adviser has flagged the risk of stagnation that lack of inclusive growth could cause. We must reduce inequality and help everyone achieve upward mobility

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                <strong>The middle income trap that India must avert</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>A top economic adviser has flagged the risk of stagnation that lack of inclusive growth could cause. We must reduce inequality and help everyone achieve upward mobility<br /></em><br />The warning by Rathin Roy, a member of an economic panel advising Prime Minister Narendra Modi, that India could be headed for a &ldquo;structural crisis&quot; has sparked a debate on whether the economy&rsquo;s days of high single-digit growth rates are a thing of the past. According to Roy, India&rsquo;s growth has mostly been driven by demand generated by 100 million-odd people at the top of the country&rsquo;s socio-economic pyramid. But that demand has begun to exhaust itself, and so India could slip into a &ldquo;middle-income trap&quot;. This is a risk that emerging economies are said to be vulnerable to. As a country runs out of new sources of growth after an initial burst of rapid expansion, it finds itself unable to break into a higher-income league. In India right now, the relatively weak offtake of everything, from cars and apartments to suds and toothbrushes, points to a slowdown in consumption. But is this temporary, or a sign of early market saturation?<br /><br />Wealth inequality and the hierarchical distribution of income in developing countries has long been identified as a growth barrier. The greater the gaps between strata, by this analysis, the slower the upward mobility of families that are at lower levels. Such economies typically experience lopsided expansion, with the positive fallout of an economic boom on top often failing to reach those below. Sustaining growth requires the mass mobilization of financial as well as human resources, and if inequality is acute, the latter tend to come up short. This phenomenon is exemplified by Brazil and South Africa, among a few others. These countries increased their economic output at a fast clip for several years at a stretch, but large sections of their population did not see their lives get better. They got left behind. India appears to have undergone something similar. Opening up to global capital in the early 1990s gave the economy a big boost, transforming upper-crust and middle-class lifestyles beyond recognition. Their prosperity also generated enough demand for goods and services for India&rsquo;s have-nots to get slightly better off, and it&rsquo;s clear that poverty levels did fall. Yet, growth impulses seem to have flagged and the economy&rsquo;s incline has flattened out.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.livemint.com/opinion/online-views/opinion-the-middle-income-trap-that-india-must-avert-1557670151023.html" title="https://www.livemint.com/opinion/online-views/opinion-the-middle-income-trap-that-india-must-avert-1557670151023.html">click here</a> to access. <br /></div>               </font>
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;A top economic adviser has flagged the risk of stagnation that lack of inclusive growth could cause. We must reduce inequality and help everyone achieve upward mobility&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The warning by Rathin Roy, a member of an economic panel advising Prime Minister Narendra Modi, that India could be headed for a &amp;ldquo;structural crisis&amp;quot; has sparked a debate on whether the economy&amp;rsquo;s days of high single-digit growth rates are a thing of the past. According to Roy, India&amp;rsquo;s growth has mostly been driven by demand generated by 100 million-odd people at the top of the country&amp;rsquo;s socio-economic pyramid. But that demand has begun to exhaust itself, and so India could slip into a &amp;ldquo;middle-income trap&amp;quot;. This is a risk that emerging economies are said to be vulnerable to. As a country runs out of new sources of growth after an initial burst of rapid expansion, it finds itself unable to break into a higher-income league. In India right now, the relatively weak offtake of everything, from cars and apartments to suds and toothbrushes, points to a slowdown in consumption. But is this temporary, or a sign of early market saturation?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wealth inequality and the hierarchical distribution of income in developing countries has long been identified as a growth barrier. The greater the gaps between strata, by this analysis, the slower the upward mobility of families that are at lower levels. Such economies typically experience lopsided expansion, with the positive fallout of an economic boom on top often failing to reach those below. Sustaining growth requires the mass mobilization of financial as well as human resources, and if inequality is acute, the latter tend to come up short. This phenomenon is exemplified by Brazil and South Africa, among a few others. These countries increased their economic output at a fast clip for several years at a stretch, but large sections of their population did not see their lives get better. They got left behind. India appears to have undergone something similar. Opening up to global capital in the early 1990s gave the economy a big boost, transforming upper-crust and middle-class lifestyles beyond recognition. Their prosperity also generated enough demand for goods and services for India&amp;rsquo;s have-nots to get slightly better off, and it&amp;rsquo;s clear that poverty levels did fall. Yet, growth impulses seem to have flagged and the economy&amp;rsquo;s incline has flattened out.&lt;br /&gt;
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A top economic adviser has flagged the risk of stagnation that lack of inclusive growth could cause. We must reduce inequality and help everyone achieve upward mobility

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&lt;em&gt;A top economic adviser has flagged the risk of stagnation that lack of inclusive growth could cause. We must reduce inequality and help everyone achieve upward mobility&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/opinion/online-views/opinion-the-middle-income-trap-that-india-must-avert-1557670151023.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access. &lt;br /&gt;
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A top economic adviser has flagged the risk of stagnation that lack of inclusive growth could cause. We must reduce inequality and help everyone achieve upward mobility

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                <strong>The middle income trap that India must avert</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>A top economic adviser has flagged the risk of stagnation that lack of inclusive growth could cause. We must reduce inequality and help everyone achieve upward mobility<br /></em><br />The warning by Rathin Roy, a member of an economic panel advising Prime Minister Narendra Modi, that India could be headed for a &ldquo;structural crisis&quot; has sparked a debate on whether the economy&rsquo;s days of high single-digit growth rates are a thing of the past. According to Roy, India&rsquo;s growth has mostly been driven by demand generated by 100 million-odd people at the top of the country&rsquo;s socio-economic pyramid. But that demand has begun to exhaust itself, and so India could slip into a &ldquo;middle-income trap&quot;. This is a risk that emerging economies are said to be vulnerable to. As a country runs out of new sources of growth after an initial burst of rapid expansion, it finds itself unable to break into a higher-income league. In India right now, the relatively weak offtake of everything, from cars and apartments to suds and toothbrushes, points to a slowdown in consumption. But is this temporary, or a sign of early market saturation?<br /><br />Wealth inequality and the hierarchical distribution of income in developing countries has long been identified as a growth barrier. The greater the gaps between strata, by this analysis, the slower the upward mobility of families that are at lower levels. Such economies typically experience lopsided expansion, with the positive fallout of an economic boom on top often failing to reach those below. Sustaining growth requires the mass mobilization of financial as well as human resources, and if inequality is acute, the latter tend to come up short. This phenomenon is exemplified by Brazil and South Africa, among a few others. These countries increased their economic output at a fast clip for several years at a stretch, but large sections of their population did not see their lives get better. They got left behind. India appears to have undergone something similar. Opening up to global capital in the early 1990s gave the economy a big boost, transforming upper-crust and middle-class lifestyles beyond recognition. Their prosperity also generated enough demand for goods and services for India&rsquo;s have-nots to get slightly better off, and it&rsquo;s clear that poverty levels did fall. Yet, growth impulses seem to have flagged and the economy&rsquo;s incline has flattened out.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.livemint.com/opinion/online-views/opinion-the-middle-income-trap-that-india-must-avert-1557670151023.html" title="https://www.livemint.com/opinion/online-views/opinion-the-middle-income-trap-that-india-must-avert-1557670151023.html">click here</a> to access. <br /></div>               </font>
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-Livemint.com<br />
<br />
<em>A top economic adviser has flagged the risk of stagnation that lack of inclusive growth could cause. We must reduce inequality and help everyone achieve upward mobility<br />
</em><br />
The warning by Rathin Roy, a member of an economic panel advising Prime Minister Narendra Modi, that India could be headed for a &ldquo;structural crisis&quot; has sparked a debate on whether the economy&rsquo;s days of high single-digit growth rates are a thing of the past. According to Roy, India&rsquo;s growth has mostly been driven by demand generated by 100 million-odd people at the top of the country&rsquo;s socio-economic pyramid. But that demand has begun to exhaust itself, and so India could slip into a &ldquo;middle-income trap&quot;. This is a risk that emerging economies are said to be vulnerable to. As a country runs out of new sources of growth after an initial burst of rapid expansion, it finds itself unable to break into a higher-income league. In India right now, the relatively weak offtake of everything, from cars and apartments to suds and toothbrushes, points to a slowdown in consumption. But is this temporary, or a sign of early market saturation?<br />
<br />
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<em>A top economic adviser has flagged the risk of stagnation that lack of inclusive growth could cause. We must reduce inequality and help everyone achieve upward mobility<br />
</em><br />
The warning by Rathin Roy, a member of an economic panel advising Prime Minister Narendra Modi, that India could be headed for a &ldquo;structural crisis&quot; has sparked a debate on whether the economy&rsquo;s days of high single-digit growth rates are a thing of the past. According to Roy, India&rsquo;s growth has mostly been driven by demand generated by 100 million-odd people at the top of the country&rsquo;s socio-economic pyramid. But that demand has begun to exhaust itself, and so India could slip into a &ldquo;middle-income trap&quot;. This is a risk that emerging economies are said to be vulnerable to. As a country runs out of new sources of growth after an initial burst of rapid expansion, it finds itself unable to break into a higher-income league. In India right now, the relatively weak offtake of everything, from cars and apartments to suds and toothbrushes, points to a slowdown in consumption. But is this temporary, or a sign of early market saturation?<br />
<br />
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<br />
Please <a href="https://www.livemint.com/opinion/online-views/opinion-the-middle-income-trap-that-india-must-avert-1557670151023.html">click here</a> to access. <br />
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A top economic adviser has flagged the risk of stagnation that lack of inclusive growth could cause. We must reduce inequality and help everyone achieve upward mobility

The warning by Rathin Roy, a member of an economic panel advising Prime Minister...'
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The middle income trap that India must avert

-Livemint.com A top economic adviser has flagged the risk of stagnation that lack of inclusive growth could cause. We must reduce inequality and help everyone achieve upward mobility The warning by Rathin Roy, a member of an economic panel advising Prime Minister Narendra Modi, that India could be headed for a “structural crisis" has sparked a debate on whether the economy’s days of high single-digit growth rates are a thing of the past. According to Roy, India’s growth has mostly been driven by demand generated by 100 million-odd people at the top of the country’s socio-economic pyramid. But that demand has begun to exhaust itself, and so India could slip into a “middle-income trap". This is a risk that emerging economies are said to be vulnerable to. As a country runs out of new sources of growth after an initial burst of rapid expansion, it finds itself unable to break into a higher-income league. In India right now, the relatively weak offtake of everything, from cars and apartments to suds and toothbrushes, points to a slowdown in consumption. But is this temporary, or a sign of early market saturation? Wealth inequality and the hierarchical distribution of income in developing countries has long been identified as a growth barrier. The greater the gaps between strata, by this analysis, the slower the upward mobility of families that are at lower levels. Such economies typically experience lopsided expansion, with the positive fallout of an economic boom on top often failing to reach those below. Sustaining growth requires the mass mobilization of financial as well as human resources, and if inequality is acute, the latter tend to come up short. This phenomenon is exemplified by Brazil and South Africa, among a few others. These countries increased their economic output at a fast clip for several years at a stretch, but large sections of their population did not see their lives get better. They got left behind. India appears to have undergone something similar. Opening up to global capital in the early 1990s gave the economy a big boost, transforming upper-crust and middle-class lifestyles beyond recognition. Their prosperity also generated enough demand for goods and services for India’s have-nots to get slightly better off, and it’s clear that poverty levels did fall. Yet, growth impulses seem to have flagged and the economy’s incline has flattened out. Please click here to access.