Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]Code Context
trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);
}
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.' $stackFrame = (int) 1 $trace = [ (int) 0 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php', 'line' => (int) 2421, 'function' => 'deprecationWarning', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.' ] ], (int) 1 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 73, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'catslug' ] ], (int) 2 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php', 'line' => (int) 610, 'function' => 'printArticle', 'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController', 'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ], (int) 3 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php', 'line' => (int) 120, 'function' => 'invokeAction', 'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller', 'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ], (int) 4 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php', 'line' => (int) 94, 'function' => '_invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {} ] ], (int) 5 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php', 'line' => (int) 235, 'function' => 'dispatch', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 6 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication', 'object' => object(App\Application) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 7 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 162, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 8 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 9 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 88, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 10 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 11 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 96, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 12 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 13 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 51, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 14 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php', 'line' => (int) 98, 'function' => 'run', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 15 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php', 'line' => (int) 39, 'function' => 'run', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ] ] $frame = [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 73, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) { trustProxy => false [protected] params => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] cookies => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] _environment => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma-prashant-bhaware/print' [protected] base => '' [protected] webroot => '/' [protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma-prashant-bhaware/print' [protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] _input => null [protected] _detectors => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] _detectorCache => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {} [protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {} [protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {} [protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] emulatedAttributes => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] protocol => null [protected] requestTarget => null [private] deprecatedProperties => [ [maximum depth reached] ] }, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'catslug' ] ]deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311 Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421 App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73 Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51 Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98
Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]Code Context
trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);
}
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.' $stackFrame = (int) 1 $trace = [ (int) 0 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php', 'line' => (int) 2421, 'function' => 'deprecationWarning', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.' ] ], (int) 1 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 74, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'artileslug' ] ], (int) 2 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php', 'line' => (int) 610, 'function' => 'printArticle', 'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController', 'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ], (int) 3 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php', 'line' => (int) 120, 'function' => 'invokeAction', 'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller', 'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ], (int) 4 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php', 'line' => (int) 94, 'function' => '_invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {} ] ], (int) 5 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php', 'line' => (int) 235, 'function' => 'dispatch', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 6 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication', 'object' => object(App\Application) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 7 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 162, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 8 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 9 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 88, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 10 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 11 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 96, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 12 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 13 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 51, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 14 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php', 'line' => (int) 98, 'function' => 'run', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 15 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php', 'line' => (int) 39, 'function' => 'run', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ] ] $frame = [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 74, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) { trustProxy => false [protected] params => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] cookies => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] _environment => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma-prashant-bhaware/print' [protected] base => '' [protected] webroot => '/' [protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma-prashant-bhaware/print' [protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] _input => null [protected] _detectors => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] _detectorCache => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {} [protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {} [protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {} [protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] emulatedAttributes => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] protocol => null [protected] requestTarget => null [private] deprecatedProperties => [ [maximum depth reached] ] }, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'artileslug' ] ]deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311 Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421 App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74 Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51 Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98
Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]Code Contextif (Configure::read('debug')) {
trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);
} else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) { 'status' => (int) 200, 'contentType' => 'text/html', 'headers' => [ 'Content-Type' => [ [maximum depth reached] ] ], 'file' => null, 'fileRange' => [], 'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {}, 'cacheDirectives' => [], 'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700"><</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">> </span></span></code> <span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000"> <link rel="canonical" href="<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>/<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>.html"/> </span></code></span> <code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"> </span><span style="color: #007700"><</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type" </span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html; charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/> </span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp' $dataForView = [ 'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) { 'id' => (int) 62510, 'title' => 'The Necessity of Addressing Caste Discrimination and Atrocities as Collective Trauma -Prashant Bhaware', 'subheading' => null, 'description' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><em>Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society.</em></p> <p style="text-align:justify">When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was in a boarding school, in class 8. When I heard about it, I asked a friend who, like me, belongs to the Scheduled Caste community, what exactly had happened.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">He told me that four members of a family from the Scheduled Caste community had been brutally attacked in Khairlanji village near Nagpur in eastern Maharashtra. Two women had been raped, brutally beaten and lynched to death, while the two sons of one of the women were also killed in front of the whole village.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">When my friend told me about this atrocity so explicitly, I was terrified, unable to come to terms with the fact that a group of dominant caste people had attacked and brutally murdered a family from my community in such a heinous way. Whenever I hear about caste atrocities, I feel disturbed; I find them hard to comprehend and make peace with.</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><em>How caste works</em></p> <p style="text-align:justify">The caste system, which is more than 3,000 years old, is a vertical hierarchical social structure of what B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Constitution of India, called &ldquo;graded inequality&rdquo; in his 1936 essay, Annihilation of Caste. It divides Hindus into four varnas, i.e. Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, with multiple castes within each varna. In this social stratification, the Brahmins, the most ritually pure, are at the top and the untouchables who are outside this four varna system, are at the bottom, considered to be the most polluted ones.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p> ', 'credit_writer' => 'TheWire.in, 3 April, 2022, https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma', 'article_img' => '', 'article_img_thumb' => '', 'status' => (int) 1, 'show_on_home' => (int) 1, 'lang' => 'EN', 'category_id' => (int) 16, 'tag_keyword' => '', 'seo_url' => 'the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma-prashant-bhaware', 'meta_title' => '', 'meta_keywords' => '', 'meta_description' => '', 'noindex' => (int) 1, 'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'most_visit_section_id' => null, 'article_big_img' => null, 'liveid' => null, 'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'edate' => '', 'tags' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], 'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {}, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[hasErrors]' => false, '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'Articles' }, 'articleid' => (int) 62510, 'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | The Necessity of Addressing Caste Discrimination and Atrocities as Collective Trauma -Prashant Bhaware', 'metaKeywords' => 'Khairlanji Massacre,Attack on dalits,Scheduled Castes,caste system', 'metaDesc' => '-TheWire.in Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society. When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was...', 'disp' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was in a boarding school, in class 8. When I heard about it, I asked a friend who, like me, belongs to the Scheduled Caste community, what exactly had happened.</p><p style="text-align:justify">He told me that four members of a family from the Scheduled Caste community had been brutally attacked in Khairlanji village near Nagpur in eastern Maharashtra. Two women had been raped, brutally beaten and lynched to death, while the two sons of one of the women were also killed in front of the whole village.</p><p style="text-align:justify">When my friend told me about this atrocity so explicitly, I was terrified, unable to come to terms with the fact that a group of dominant caste people had attacked and brutally murdered a family from my community in such a heinous way. Whenever I hear about caste atrocities, I feel disturbed; I find them hard to comprehend and make peace with.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>How caste works</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The caste system, which is more than 3,000 years old, is a vertical hierarchical social structure of what B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Constitution of India, called &ldquo;graded inequality&rdquo; in his 1936 essay, Annihilation of Caste. It divides Hindus into four varnas, i.e. Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, with multiple castes within each varna. In this social stratification, the Brahmins, the most ritually pure, are at the top and the untouchables who are outside this four varna system, are at the bottom, considered to be the most polluted ones.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma" title="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>', 'lang' => 'English', 'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/', 'site_title' => 'im4change', 'adminprix' => 'admin' ] $article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) { 'id' => (int) 62510, 'title' => 'The Necessity of Addressing Caste Discrimination and Atrocities as Collective Trauma -Prashant Bhaware', 'subheading' => null, 'description' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><em>Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society.</em></p> <p style="text-align:justify">When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was in a boarding school, in class 8. When I heard about it, I asked a friend who, like me, belongs to the Scheduled Caste community, what exactly had happened.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">He told me that four members of a family from the Scheduled Caste community had been brutally attacked in Khairlanji village near Nagpur in eastern Maharashtra. Two women had been raped, brutally beaten and lynched to death, while the two sons of one of the women were also killed in front of the whole village.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">When my friend told me about this atrocity so explicitly, I was terrified, unable to come to terms with the fact that a group of dominant caste people had attacked and brutally murdered a family from my community in such a heinous way. Whenever I hear about caste atrocities, I feel disturbed; I find them hard to comprehend and make peace with.</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><em>How caste works</em></p> <p style="text-align:justify">The caste system, which is more than 3,000 years old, is a vertical hierarchical social structure of what B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Constitution of India, called &ldquo;graded inequality&rdquo; in his 1936 essay, Annihilation of Caste. It divides Hindus into four varnas, i.e. Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, with multiple castes within each varna. In this social stratification, the Brahmins, the most ritually pure, are at the top and the untouchables who are outside this four varna system, are at the bottom, considered to be the most polluted ones.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p> ', 'credit_writer' => 'TheWire.in, 3 April, 2022, https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma', 'article_img' => '', 'article_img_thumb' => '', 'status' => (int) 1, 'show_on_home' => (int) 1, 'lang' => 'EN', 'category_id' => (int) 16, 'tag_keyword' => '', 'seo_url' => 'the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma-prashant-bhaware', 'meta_title' => '', 'meta_keywords' => '', 'meta_description' => '', 'noindex' => (int) 1, 'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'most_visit_section_id' => null, 'article_big_img' => null, 'liveid' => null, 'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'edate' => '', 'tags' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {} ], 'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {}, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ '*' => true, 'id' => false ], '[dirty]' => [], '[original]' => [], '[virtual]' => [], '[hasErrors]' => false, '[errors]' => [], '[invalid]' => [], '[repository]' => 'Articles' } $articleid = (int) 62510 $metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | The Necessity of Addressing Caste Discrimination and Atrocities as Collective Trauma -Prashant Bhaware' $metaKeywords = 'Khairlanji Massacre,Attack on dalits,Scheduled Castes,caste system' $metaDesc = '-TheWire.in Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society. When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was...' $disp = '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was in a boarding school, in class 8. When I heard about it, I asked a friend who, like me, belongs to the Scheduled Caste community, what exactly had happened.</p><p style="text-align:justify">He told me that four members of a family from the Scheduled Caste community had been brutally attacked in Khairlanji village near Nagpur in eastern Maharashtra. Two women had been raped, brutally beaten and lynched to death, while the two sons of one of the women were also killed in front of the whole village.</p><p style="text-align:justify">When my friend told me about this atrocity so explicitly, I was terrified, unable to come to terms with the fact that a group of dominant caste people had attacked and brutally murdered a family from my community in such a heinous way. Whenever I hear about caste atrocities, I feel disturbed; I find them hard to comprehend and make peace with.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>How caste works</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The caste system, which is more than 3,000 years old, is a vertical hierarchical social structure of what B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Constitution of India, called &ldquo;graded inequality&rdquo; in his 1936 essay, Annihilation of Caste. It divides Hindus into four varnas, i.e. Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, with multiple castes within each varna. In this social stratification, the Brahmins, the most ritually pure, are at the top and the untouchables who are outside this four varna system, are at the bottom, considered to be the most polluted ones.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma" title="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>' $lang = 'English' $SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/' $site_title = 'im4change' $adminprix = 'admin'</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8 Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413 Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374 Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927 Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885 Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma-prashant-bhaware.html"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all"/> <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | The Necessity of Addressing Caste Discrimination and Atrocities as Collective Trauma -Prashant Bhaware | Im4change.org</title> <meta name="description" content="-TheWire.in Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society. When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was..."/> <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem var pic_real_width, pic_real_height; $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues .attr("src", $(img).attr("src")) .load(function () { pic_real_width = this.width; // Note: $(this).width() will not pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images. }); }); </script> <style type="text/css"> @media screen { div.divFooter { display: block; } } @media print { .printbutton { display: none !important; } } </style> </head> <body> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center"> <tr> <td class="top_bg"> <div class="divFooter"> <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0" alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td id="topspace"> </td> </tr> <tr id="topspace"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton"> <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page " onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"> <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal"> <strong>The Necessity of Addressing Caste Discrimination and Atrocities as Collective Trauma -Prashant Bhaware</strong></h1> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3"> <p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was in a boarding school, in class 8. When I heard about it, I asked a friend who, like me, belongs to the Scheduled Caste community, what exactly had happened.</p><p style="text-align:justify">He told me that four members of a family from the Scheduled Caste community had been brutally attacked in Khairlanji village near Nagpur in eastern Maharashtra. Two women had been raped, brutally beaten and lynched to death, while the two sons of one of the women were also killed in front of the whole village.</p><p style="text-align:justify">When my friend told me about this atrocity so explicitly, I was terrified, unable to come to terms with the fact that a group of dominant caste people had attacked and brutally murdered a family from my community in such a heinous way. Whenever I hear about caste atrocities, I feel disturbed; I find them hard to comprehend and make peace with.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>How caste works</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The caste system, which is more than 3,000 years old, is a vertical hierarchical social structure of what B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Constitution of India, called “graded inequality” in his 1936 essay, Annihilation of Caste. It divides Hindus into four varnas, i.e. Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, with multiple castes within each varna. In this social stratification, the Brahmins, the most ritually pure, are at the top and the untouchables who are outside this four varna system, are at the bottom, considered to be the most polluted ones.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma" title="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma">click here</a> to read more. </p> </font> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;"> <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page " onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form> </td> </tr> </table></body> </html>' } $maxBufferLength = (int) 8192 $file = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php' $line = (int) 853 $message = 'Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853'Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48 Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141 [main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39
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'' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700"><</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">> </span></span></code> <span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000"> <link rel="canonical" href="<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>/<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>.html"/> </span></code></span> <code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"> </span><span style="color: #007700"><</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type" </span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html; charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/> </span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp' $dataForView = [ 'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) { 'id' => (int) 62510, 'title' => 'The Necessity of Addressing Caste Discrimination and Atrocities as Collective Trauma -Prashant Bhaware', 'subheading' => null, 'description' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><em>Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society.</em></p> <p style="text-align:justify">When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was in a boarding school, in class 8. When I heard about it, I asked a friend who, like me, belongs to the Scheduled Caste community, what exactly had happened.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">He told me that four members of a family from the Scheduled Caste community had been brutally attacked in Khairlanji village near Nagpur in eastern Maharashtra. Two women had been raped, brutally beaten and lynched to death, while the two sons of one of the women were also killed in front of the whole village.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">When my friend told me about this atrocity so explicitly, I was terrified, unable to come to terms with the fact that a group of dominant caste people had attacked and brutally murdered a family from my community in such a heinous way. Whenever I hear about caste atrocities, I feel disturbed; I find them hard to comprehend and make peace with.</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><em>How caste works</em></p> <p style="text-align:justify">The caste system, which is more than 3,000 years old, is a vertical hierarchical social structure of what B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Constitution of India, called &ldquo;graded inequality&rdquo; in his 1936 essay, Annihilation of Caste. It divides Hindus into four varnas, i.e. Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, with multiple castes within each varna. In this social stratification, the Brahmins, the most ritually pure, are at the top and the untouchables who are outside this four varna system, are at the bottom, considered to be the most polluted ones.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p> ', 'credit_writer' => 'TheWire.in, 3 April, 2022, https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma', 'article_img' => '', 'article_img_thumb' => '', 'status' => (int) 1, 'show_on_home' => (int) 1, 'lang' => 'EN', 'category_id' => (int) 16, 'tag_keyword' => '', 'seo_url' => 'the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma-prashant-bhaware', 'meta_title' => '', 'meta_keywords' => '', 'meta_description' => '', 'noindex' => (int) 1, 'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'most_visit_section_id' => null, 'article_big_img' => null, 'liveid' => null, 'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'edate' => '', 'tags' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], 'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {}, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[hasErrors]' => false, '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'Articles' }, 'articleid' => (int) 62510, 'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | The Necessity of Addressing Caste Discrimination and Atrocities as Collective Trauma -Prashant Bhaware', 'metaKeywords' => 'Khairlanji Massacre,Attack on dalits,Scheduled Castes,caste system', 'metaDesc' => '-TheWire.in Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society. When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was...', 'disp' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was in a boarding school, in class 8. When I heard about it, I asked a friend who, like me, belongs to the Scheduled Caste community, what exactly had happened.</p><p style="text-align:justify">He told me that four members of a family from the Scheduled Caste community had been brutally attacked in Khairlanji village near Nagpur in eastern Maharashtra. Two women had been raped, brutally beaten and lynched to death, while the two sons of one of the women were also killed in front of the whole village.</p><p style="text-align:justify">When my friend told me about this atrocity so explicitly, I was terrified, unable to come to terms with the fact that a group of dominant caste people had attacked and brutally murdered a family from my community in such a heinous way. Whenever I hear about caste atrocities, I feel disturbed; I find them hard to comprehend and make peace with.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>How caste works</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The caste system, which is more than 3,000 years old, is a vertical hierarchical social structure of what B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Constitution of India, called &ldquo;graded inequality&rdquo; in his 1936 essay, Annihilation of Caste. It divides Hindus into four varnas, i.e. Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, with multiple castes within each varna. In this social stratification, the Brahmins, the most ritually pure, are at the top and the untouchables who are outside this four varna system, are at the bottom, considered to be the most polluted ones.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma" title="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>', 'lang' => 'English', 'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/', 'site_title' => 'im4change', 'adminprix' => 'admin' ] $article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) { 'id' => (int) 62510, 'title' => 'The Necessity of Addressing Caste Discrimination and Atrocities as Collective Trauma -Prashant Bhaware', 'subheading' => null, 'description' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><em>Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society.</em></p> <p style="text-align:justify">When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was in a boarding school, in class 8. When I heard about it, I asked a friend who, like me, belongs to the Scheduled Caste community, what exactly had happened.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">He told me that four members of a family from the Scheduled Caste community had been brutally attacked in Khairlanji village near Nagpur in eastern Maharashtra. Two women had been raped, brutally beaten and lynched to death, while the two sons of one of the women were also killed in front of the whole village.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">When my friend told me about this atrocity so explicitly, I was terrified, unable to come to terms with the fact that a group of dominant caste people had attacked and brutally murdered a family from my community in such a heinous way. Whenever I hear about caste atrocities, I feel disturbed; I find them hard to comprehend and make peace with.</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><em>How caste works</em></p> <p style="text-align:justify">The caste system, which is more than 3,000 years old, is a vertical hierarchical social structure of what B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Constitution of India, called &ldquo;graded inequality&rdquo; in his 1936 essay, Annihilation of Caste. It divides Hindus into four varnas, i.e. Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, with multiple castes within each varna. In this social stratification, the Brahmins, the most ritually pure, are at the top and the untouchables who are outside this four varna system, are at the bottom, considered to be the most polluted ones.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p> ', 'credit_writer' => 'TheWire.in, 3 April, 2022, https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma', 'article_img' => '', 'article_img_thumb' => '', 'status' => (int) 1, 'show_on_home' => (int) 1, 'lang' => 'EN', 'category_id' => (int) 16, 'tag_keyword' => '', 'seo_url' => 'the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma-prashant-bhaware', 'meta_title' => '', 'meta_keywords' => '', 'meta_description' => '', 'noindex' => (int) 1, 'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'most_visit_section_id' => null, 'article_big_img' => null, 'liveid' => null, 'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'edate' => '', 'tags' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {} ], 'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {}, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ '*' => true, 'id' => false ], '[dirty]' => [], '[original]' => [], '[virtual]' => [], '[hasErrors]' => false, '[errors]' => [], '[invalid]' => [], '[repository]' => 'Articles' } $articleid = (int) 62510 $metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | The Necessity of Addressing Caste Discrimination and Atrocities as Collective Trauma -Prashant Bhaware' $metaKeywords = 'Khairlanji Massacre,Attack on dalits,Scheduled Castes,caste system' $metaDesc = '-TheWire.in Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society. When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was...' $disp = '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was in a boarding school, in class 8. When I heard about it, I asked a friend who, like me, belongs to the Scheduled Caste community, what exactly had happened.</p><p style="text-align:justify">He told me that four members of a family from the Scheduled Caste community had been brutally attacked in Khairlanji village near Nagpur in eastern Maharashtra. Two women had been raped, brutally beaten and lynched to death, while the two sons of one of the women were also killed in front of the whole village.</p><p style="text-align:justify">When my friend told me about this atrocity so explicitly, I was terrified, unable to come to terms with the fact that a group of dominant caste people had attacked and brutally murdered a family from my community in such a heinous way. Whenever I hear about caste atrocities, I feel disturbed; I find them hard to comprehend and make peace with.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>How caste works</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The caste system, which is more than 3,000 years old, is a vertical hierarchical social structure of what B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Constitution of India, called &ldquo;graded inequality&rdquo; in his 1936 essay, Annihilation of Caste. It divides Hindus into four varnas, i.e. Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, with multiple castes within each varna. In this social stratification, the Brahmins, the most ritually pure, are at the top and the untouchables who are outside this four varna system, are at the bottom, considered to be the most polluted ones.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma" title="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>' $lang = 'English' $SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/' $site_title = 'im4change' $adminprix = 'admin'</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8 Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413 Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374 Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927 Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885 Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma-prashant-bhaware.html"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all"/> <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | The Necessity of Addressing Caste Discrimination and Atrocities as Collective Trauma -Prashant Bhaware | Im4change.org</title> <meta name="description" content="-TheWire.in Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society. When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was..."/> <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem var pic_real_width, pic_real_height; $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues .attr("src", $(img).attr("src")) .load(function () { pic_real_width = this.width; // Note: $(this).width() will not pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images. }); }); </script> <style type="text/css"> @media screen { div.divFooter { display: block; } } @media print { .printbutton { display: none !important; } } </style> </head> <body> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center"> <tr> <td class="top_bg"> <div class="divFooter"> <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0" alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td id="topspace"> </td> </tr> <tr id="topspace"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton"> <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page " onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"> <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal"> <strong>The Necessity of Addressing Caste Discrimination and Atrocities as Collective Trauma -Prashant Bhaware</strong></h1> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3"> <p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was in a boarding school, in class 8. When I heard about it, I asked a friend who, like me, belongs to the Scheduled Caste community, what exactly had happened.</p><p style="text-align:justify">He told me that four members of a family from the Scheduled Caste community had been brutally attacked in Khairlanji village near Nagpur in eastern Maharashtra. Two women had been raped, brutally beaten and lynched to death, while the two sons of one of the women were also killed in front of the whole village.</p><p style="text-align:justify">When my friend told me about this atrocity so explicitly, I was terrified, unable to come to terms with the fact that a group of dominant caste people had attacked and brutally murdered a family from my community in such a heinous way. Whenever I hear about caste atrocities, I feel disturbed; I find them hard to comprehend and make peace with.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>How caste works</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The caste system, which is more than 3,000 years old, is a vertical hierarchical social structure of what B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Constitution of India, called “graded inequality” in his 1936 essay, Annihilation of Caste. It divides Hindus into four varnas, i.e. Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, with multiple castes within each varna. In this social stratification, the Brahmins, the most ritually pure, are at the top and the untouchables who are outside this four varna system, are at the bottom, considered to be the most polluted ones.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma" title="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma">click here</a> to read more. </p> </font> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;"> <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page " onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form> </td> </tr> </table></body> </html>' } $reasonPhrase = 'OK'header - [internal], line ?? 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'' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700"><</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">> </span></span></code> <span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000"> <link rel="canonical" href="<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>/<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>.html"/> </span></code></span> <code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"> </span><span style="color: #007700"><</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type" </span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html; charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/> </span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f449f62a6b3-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp' $dataForView = [ 'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) { 'id' => (int) 62510, 'title' => 'The Necessity of Addressing Caste Discrimination and Atrocities as Collective Trauma -Prashant Bhaware', 'subheading' => null, 'description' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><em>Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society.</em></p> <p style="text-align:justify">When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was in a boarding school, in class 8. When I heard about it, I asked a friend who, like me, belongs to the Scheduled Caste community, what exactly had happened.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">He told me that four members of a family from the Scheduled Caste community had been brutally attacked in Khairlanji village near Nagpur in eastern Maharashtra. Two women had been raped, brutally beaten and lynched to death, while the two sons of one of the women were also killed in front of the whole village.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">When my friend told me about this atrocity so explicitly, I was terrified, unable to come to terms with the fact that a group of dominant caste people had attacked and brutally murdered a family from my community in such a heinous way. Whenever I hear about caste atrocities, I feel disturbed; I find them hard to comprehend and make peace with.</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><em>How caste works</em></p> <p style="text-align:justify">The caste system, which is more than 3,000 years old, is a vertical hierarchical social structure of what B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Constitution of India, called &ldquo;graded inequality&rdquo; in his 1936 essay, Annihilation of Caste. It divides Hindus into four varnas, i.e. Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, with multiple castes within each varna. In this social stratification, the Brahmins, the most ritually pure, are at the top and the untouchables who are outside this four varna system, are at the bottom, considered to be the most polluted ones.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p> ', 'credit_writer' => 'TheWire.in, 3 April, 2022, https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma', 'article_img' => '', 'article_img_thumb' => '', 'status' => (int) 1, 'show_on_home' => (int) 1, 'lang' => 'EN', 'category_id' => (int) 16, 'tag_keyword' => '', 'seo_url' => 'the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma-prashant-bhaware', 'meta_title' => '', 'meta_keywords' => '', 'meta_description' => '', 'noindex' => (int) 1, 'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'most_visit_section_id' => null, 'article_big_img' => null, 'liveid' => null, 'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'edate' => '', 'tags' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], 'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {}, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[hasErrors]' => false, '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'Articles' }, 'articleid' => (int) 62510, 'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | The Necessity of Addressing Caste Discrimination and Atrocities as Collective Trauma -Prashant Bhaware', 'metaKeywords' => 'Khairlanji Massacre,Attack on dalits,Scheduled Castes,caste system', 'metaDesc' => '-TheWire.in Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society. When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was...', 'disp' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was in a boarding school, in class 8. When I heard about it, I asked a friend who, like me, belongs to the Scheduled Caste community, what exactly had happened.</p><p style="text-align:justify">He told me that four members of a family from the Scheduled Caste community had been brutally attacked in Khairlanji village near Nagpur in eastern Maharashtra. Two women had been raped, brutally beaten and lynched to death, while the two sons of one of the women were also killed in front of the whole village.</p><p style="text-align:justify">When my friend told me about this atrocity so explicitly, I was terrified, unable to come to terms with the fact that a group of dominant caste people had attacked and brutally murdered a family from my community in such a heinous way. Whenever I hear about caste atrocities, I feel disturbed; I find them hard to comprehend and make peace with.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>How caste works</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The caste system, which is more than 3,000 years old, is a vertical hierarchical social structure of what B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Constitution of India, called &ldquo;graded inequality&rdquo; in his 1936 essay, Annihilation of Caste. It divides Hindus into four varnas, i.e. Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, with multiple castes within each varna. In this social stratification, the Brahmins, the most ritually pure, are at the top and the untouchables who are outside this four varna system, are at the bottom, considered to be the most polluted ones.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma" title="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>', 'lang' => 'English', 'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/', 'site_title' => 'im4change', 'adminprix' => 'admin' ] $article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) { 'id' => (int) 62510, 'title' => 'The Necessity of Addressing Caste Discrimination and Atrocities as Collective Trauma -Prashant Bhaware', 'subheading' => null, 'description' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><em>Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society.</em></p> <p style="text-align:justify">When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was in a boarding school, in class 8. When I heard about it, I asked a friend who, like me, belongs to the Scheduled Caste community, what exactly had happened.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">He told me that four members of a family from the Scheduled Caste community had been brutally attacked in Khairlanji village near Nagpur in eastern Maharashtra. Two women had been raped, brutally beaten and lynched to death, while the two sons of one of the women were also killed in front of the whole village.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">When my friend told me about this atrocity so explicitly, I was terrified, unable to come to terms with the fact that a group of dominant caste people had attacked and brutally murdered a family from my community in such a heinous way. Whenever I hear about caste atrocities, I feel disturbed; I find them hard to comprehend and make peace with.</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><em>How caste works</em></p> <p style="text-align:justify">The caste system, which is more than 3,000 years old, is a vertical hierarchical social structure of what B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Constitution of India, called &ldquo;graded inequality&rdquo; in his 1936 essay, Annihilation of Caste. It divides Hindus into four varnas, i.e. Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, with multiple castes within each varna. In this social stratification, the Brahmins, the most ritually pure, are at the top and the untouchables who are outside this four varna system, are at the bottom, considered to be the most polluted ones.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p> ', 'credit_writer' => 'TheWire.in, 3 April, 2022, https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma', 'article_img' => '', 'article_img_thumb' => '', 'status' => (int) 1, 'show_on_home' => (int) 1, 'lang' => 'EN', 'category_id' => (int) 16, 'tag_keyword' => '', 'seo_url' => 'the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma-prashant-bhaware', 'meta_title' => '', 'meta_keywords' => '', 'meta_description' => '', 'noindex' => (int) 1, 'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'most_visit_section_id' => null, 'article_big_img' => null, 'liveid' => null, 'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'edate' => '', 'tags' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {} ], 'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {}, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ '*' => true, 'id' => false ], '[dirty]' => [], '[original]' => [], '[virtual]' => [], '[hasErrors]' => false, '[errors]' => [], '[invalid]' => [], '[repository]' => 'Articles' } $articleid = (int) 62510 $metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | The Necessity of Addressing Caste Discrimination and Atrocities as Collective Trauma -Prashant Bhaware' $metaKeywords = 'Khairlanji Massacre,Attack on dalits,Scheduled Castes,caste system' $metaDesc = '-TheWire.in Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society. When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was...' $disp = '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was in a boarding school, in class 8. When I heard about it, I asked a friend who, like me, belongs to the Scheduled Caste community, what exactly had happened.</p><p style="text-align:justify">He told me that four members of a family from the Scheduled Caste community had been brutally attacked in Khairlanji village near Nagpur in eastern Maharashtra. Two women had been raped, brutally beaten and lynched to death, while the two sons of one of the women were also killed in front of the whole village.</p><p style="text-align:justify">When my friend told me about this atrocity so explicitly, I was terrified, unable to come to terms with the fact that a group of dominant caste people had attacked and brutally murdered a family from my community in such a heinous way. Whenever I hear about caste atrocities, I feel disturbed; I find them hard to comprehend and make peace with.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>How caste works</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The caste system, which is more than 3,000 years old, is a vertical hierarchical social structure of what B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Constitution of India, called &ldquo;graded inequality&rdquo; in his 1936 essay, Annihilation of Caste. It divides Hindus into four varnas, i.e. Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, with multiple castes within each varna. In this social stratification, the Brahmins, the most ritually pure, are at the top and the untouchables who are outside this four varna system, are at the bottom, considered to be the most polluted ones.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma" title="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>' $lang = 'English' $SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/' $site_title = 'im4change' $adminprix = 'admin'</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8 Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413 Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374 Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927 Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885 Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma-prashant-bhaware.html"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all"/> <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | The Necessity of Addressing Caste Discrimination and Atrocities as Collective Trauma -Prashant Bhaware | Im4change.org</title> <meta name="description" content="-TheWire.in Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society. When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was..."/> <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem var pic_real_width, pic_real_height; $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues .attr("src", $(img).attr("src")) .load(function () { pic_real_width = this.width; // Note: $(this).width() will not pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images. }); }); </script> <style type="text/css"> @media screen { div.divFooter { display: block; } } @media print { .printbutton { display: none !important; } } </style> </head> <body> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center"> <tr> <td class="top_bg"> <div class="divFooter"> <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0" alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td id="topspace"> </td> </tr> <tr id="topspace"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton"> <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page " onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"> <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal"> <strong>The Necessity of Addressing Caste Discrimination and Atrocities as Collective Trauma -Prashant Bhaware</strong></h1> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3"> <p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was in a boarding school, in class 8. When I heard about it, I asked a friend who, like me, belongs to the Scheduled Caste community, what exactly had happened.</p><p style="text-align:justify">He told me that four members of a family from the Scheduled Caste community had been brutally attacked in Khairlanji village near Nagpur in eastern Maharashtra. Two women had been raped, brutally beaten and lynched to death, while the two sons of one of the women were also killed in front of the whole village.</p><p style="text-align:justify">When my friend told me about this atrocity so explicitly, I was terrified, unable to come to terms with the fact that a group of dominant caste people had attacked and brutally murdered a family from my community in such a heinous way. Whenever I hear about caste atrocities, I feel disturbed; I find them hard to comprehend and make peace with.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>How caste works</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The caste system, which is more than 3,000 years old, is a vertical hierarchical social structure of what B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Constitution of India, called “graded inequality” in his 1936 essay, Annihilation of Caste. It divides Hindus into four varnas, i.e. Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, with multiple castes within each varna. In this social stratification, the Brahmins, the most ritually pure, are at the top and the untouchables who are outside this four varna system, are at the bottom, considered to be the most polluted ones.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma" title="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma">click here</a> to read more. </p> </font> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;"> <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page " onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form> </td> </tr> </table></body> </html>' } $cookies = [] $values = [ (int) 0 => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8' ] $name = 'Content-Type' $first = true $value = 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'header - [internal], line ?? 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When I heard about it, I asked a friend who, like me, belongs to the Scheduled Caste community, what exactly had happened.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">He told me that four members of a family from the Scheduled Caste community had been brutally attacked in Khairlanji village near Nagpur in eastern Maharashtra. Two women had been raped, brutally beaten and lynched to death, while the two sons of one of the women were also killed in front of the whole village.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">When my friend told me about this atrocity so explicitly, I was terrified, unable to come to terms with the fact that a group of dominant caste people had attacked and brutally murdered a family from my community in such a heinous way. Whenever I hear about caste atrocities, I feel disturbed; I find them hard to comprehend and make peace with.</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><em>How caste works</em></p> <p style="text-align:justify">The caste system, which is more than 3,000 years old, is a vertical hierarchical social structure of what B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Constitution of India, called “graded inequality” in his 1936 essay, Annihilation of Caste. It divides Hindus into four varnas, i.e. Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, with multiple castes within each varna. In this social stratification, the Brahmins, the most ritually pure, are at the top and the untouchables who are outside this four varna system, are at the bottom, considered to be the most polluted ones.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma">click here</a> to read more. </p> ', 'credit_writer' => 'TheWire.in, 3 April, 2022, https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma', 'article_img' => '', 'article_img_thumb' => '', 'status' => (int) 1, 'show_on_home' => (int) 1, 'lang' => 'EN', 'category_id' => (int) 16, 'tag_keyword' => '', 'seo_url' => 'the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma-prashant-bhaware', 'meta_title' => '', 'meta_keywords' => '', 'meta_description' => '', 'noindex' => (int) 1, 'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'most_visit_section_id' => null, 'article_big_img' => null, 'liveid' => null, 'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'edate' => '', 'tags' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], 'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {}, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[hasErrors]' => false, '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'Articles' }, 'articleid' => (int) 62510, 'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | The Necessity of Addressing Caste Discrimination and Atrocities as Collective Trauma -Prashant Bhaware', 'metaKeywords' => 'Khairlanji Massacre,Attack on dalits,Scheduled Castes,caste system', 'metaDesc' => '-TheWire.in Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society. 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Two women had been raped, brutally beaten and lynched to death, while the two sons of one of the women were also killed in front of the whole village.</p><p style="text-align:justify">When my friend told me about this atrocity so explicitly, I was terrified, unable to come to terms with the fact that a group of dominant caste people had attacked and brutally murdered a family from my community in such a heinous way. Whenever I hear about caste atrocities, I feel disturbed; I find them hard to comprehend and make peace with.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>How caste works</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The caste system, which is more than 3,000 years old, is a vertical hierarchical social structure of what B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Constitution of India, called “graded inequality” in his 1936 essay, Annihilation of Caste. It divides Hindus into four varnas, i.e. Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, with multiple castes within each varna. In this social stratification, the Brahmins, the most ritually pure, are at the top and the untouchables who are outside this four varna system, are at the bottom, considered to be the most polluted ones.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma" title="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma">click here</a> to read more. </p>', 'lang' => 'English', 'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/', 'site_title' => 'im4change', 'adminprix' => 'admin' ] $article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) { 'id' => (int) 62510, 'title' => 'The Necessity of Addressing Caste Discrimination and Atrocities as Collective Trauma -Prashant Bhaware', 'subheading' => null, 'description' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><em>Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society.</em></p> <p style="text-align:justify">When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was in a boarding school, in class 8. When I heard about it, I asked a friend who, like me, belongs to the Scheduled Caste community, what exactly had happened.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">He told me that four members of a family from the Scheduled Caste community had been brutally attacked in Khairlanji village near Nagpur in eastern Maharashtra. Two women had been raped, brutally beaten and lynched to death, while the two sons of one of the women were also killed in front of the whole village.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">When my friend told me about this atrocity so explicitly, I was terrified, unable to come to terms with the fact that a group of dominant caste people had attacked and brutally murdered a family from my community in such a heinous way. Whenever I hear about caste atrocities, I feel disturbed; I find them hard to comprehend and make peace with.</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><em>How caste works</em></p> <p style="text-align:justify">The caste system, which is more than 3,000 years old, is a vertical hierarchical social structure of what B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Constitution of India, called “graded inequality” in his 1936 essay, Annihilation of Caste. It divides Hindus into four varnas, i.e. Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, with multiple castes within each varna. In this social stratification, the Brahmins, the most ritually pure, are at the top and the untouchables who are outside this four varna system, are at the bottom, considered to be the most polluted ones.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma">click here</a> to read more. </p> ', 'credit_writer' => 'TheWire.in, 3 April, 2022, https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma', 'article_img' => '', 'article_img_thumb' => '', 'status' => (int) 1, 'show_on_home' => (int) 1, 'lang' => 'EN', 'category_id' => (int) 16, 'tag_keyword' => '', 'seo_url' => 'the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma-prashant-bhaware', 'meta_title' => '', 'meta_keywords' => '', 'meta_description' => '', 'noindex' => (int) 1, 'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'most_visit_section_id' => null, 'article_big_img' => null, 'liveid' => null, 'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'edate' => '', 'tags' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {} ], 'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {}, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ '*' => true, 'id' => false ], '[dirty]' => [], '[original]' => [], '[virtual]' => [], '[hasErrors]' => false, '[errors]' => [], '[invalid]' => [], '[repository]' => 'Articles' } $articleid = (int) 62510 $metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | The Necessity of Addressing Caste Discrimination and Atrocities as Collective Trauma -Prashant Bhaware' $metaKeywords = 'Khairlanji Massacre,Attack on dalits,Scheduled Castes,caste system' $metaDesc = '-TheWire.in Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society. When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was...' $disp = '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was in a boarding school, in class 8. When I heard about it, I asked a friend who, like me, belongs to the Scheduled Caste community, what exactly had happened.</p><p style="text-align:justify">He told me that four members of a family from the Scheduled Caste community had been brutally attacked in Khairlanji village near Nagpur in eastern Maharashtra. Two women had been raped, brutally beaten and lynched to death, while the two sons of one of the women were also killed in front of the whole village.</p><p style="text-align:justify">When my friend told me about this atrocity so explicitly, I was terrified, unable to come to terms with the fact that a group of dominant caste people had attacked and brutally murdered a family from my community in such a heinous way. Whenever I hear about caste atrocities, I feel disturbed; I find them hard to comprehend and make peace with.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>How caste works</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The caste system, which is more than 3,000 years old, is a vertical hierarchical social structure of what B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Constitution of India, called “graded inequality” in his 1936 essay, Annihilation of Caste. It divides Hindus into four varnas, i.e. Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, with multiple castes within each varna. In this social stratification, the Brahmins, the most ritually pure, are at the top and the untouchables who are outside this four varna system, are at the bottom, considered to be the most polluted ones.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma" title="https://thewire.in/caste/the-necessity-of-addressing-caste-discrimination-and-atrocities-as-collective-trauma">click here</a> to read more. </p>' $lang = 'English' $SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/' $site_title = 'im4change' $adminprix = 'admin'
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The Necessity of Addressing Caste Discrimination and Atrocities as Collective Trauma -Prashant Bhaware |
-TheWire.in Methods of transitional justice, such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa after apartheid ended, can help address collective trauma and restore the psychological health of society. When the Khairlanji Massacre took place in 2006, I was in a boarding school, in class 8. When I heard about it, I asked a friend who, like me, belongs to the Scheduled Caste community, what exactly had happened. He told me that four members of a family from the Scheduled Caste community had been brutally attacked in Khairlanji village near Nagpur in eastern Maharashtra. Two women had been raped, brutally beaten and lynched to death, while the two sons of one of the women were also killed in front of the whole village. When my friend told me about this atrocity so explicitly, I was terrified, unable to come to terms with the fact that a group of dominant caste people had attacked and brutally murdered a family from my community in such a heinous way. Whenever I hear about caste atrocities, I feel disturbed; I find them hard to comprehend and make peace with. How caste works The caste system, which is more than 3,000 years old, is a vertical hierarchical social structure of what B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Constitution of India, called “graded inequality” in his 1936 essay, Annihilation of Caste. It divides Hindus into four varnas, i.e. Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, with multiple castes within each varna. In this social stratification, the Brahmins, the most ritually pure, are at the top and the untouchables who are outside this four varna system, are at the bottom, considered to be the most polluted ones. Please click here to read more. |