Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f78fec8dafb-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f78fec8dafb-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f78fec8dafb-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f78fec8dafb-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f78fec8dafb-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f78fec8dafb-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f78fec8dafb-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f78fec8dafb-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f78fec8dafb-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
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		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;The path to reforms: Ensure enforcement, bring clarity - Devesh Kapur, E Sridharan and Milan Vaishnav&#039;,
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-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It is a truism to note that political finance sits at the heart of corruption in modern India. While politicians publicly lament the status quo, they privately profit from the current system. Therefore, the fact that the Narendra Modi government has made reforming political finance an important priority, is worth both acknowledging and evaluating. Given the infirmities associated with India&amp;rsquo;s system of managing the flows of money in and out politics, how effectively have its initiatives addressed the entrenched challenges?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In understanding the state of play, four stylised facts characterise India&amp;rsquo;s political finance regime. First, there is virtually zero transparency around political contributions. In the majority of cases, it is impossible to identify who is making contributions, and to whom. Second and related, given the premium placed on anonymity, contemporary Indian politics is a cash-intensive business. Third, political party accounts are a black box. While parties are required to submit audited accounts to the Election Commission of India (ECI), they are under no obligation to subject their books to independent scrutiny. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, ECI is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules. For example, the agency has neither adequate power nor resources to sanction candidates for even blatant misrepresentation on disclosure forms.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is the context in which one needs to understand and evaluate the Modi government&amp;rsquo;s political finance reforms. The changes introduced by the government broadly fall into two categories. First, the government launched a high-octane war on cash &amp;mdash; best exemplified by its November 2016 decision to demonetise high-value rupee notes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Furthermore, in the 2017 Finance Act, the government instituted a new Rs 2,000 threshold for cash contributions (down from Rs 20,000). In addition, in the 2017-2018 budget, the finance minister announced a new financial instrument called &amp;lsquo;electoral bonds&amp;rsquo; &amp;mdash; time-limited bearer bonds that private entities can purchase from scheduled banks and donate to political parties.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The funds would flow entirely through the formal banking system, thereby reducing the reliance on cash contributions. The upshot is that neither the party nor the private entity is required to disclose the transaction.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Second, the government also eased limits on corporate giving. First, it eliminated the cap on corporate donations (which previously stood at 7.5% of a corporation&amp;rsquo;s average net profits over the previous three years) and second, it dropped the requirement that firms declare their political contributions on their profit-and-loss statements. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-path-to-reforms-ensure-enforcement-bring-clarity/story-bAXcP4jHXxBWYtlsCYUCwL.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.

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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It is a truism to note that political finance sits at the heart of corruption in modern India. While politicians publicly lament the status quo, they privately profit from the current system. Therefore, the fact that the Narendra Modi government has made reforming political finance an important priority, is worth both acknowledging and evaluating. Given the infirmities associated with India&amp;rsquo;s system of managing the flows of money in and out politics, how effectively have its initiatives addressed the entrenched challenges?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In understanding the state of play, four stylised facts characterise India&amp;rsquo;s political finance regime. First, there is virtually zero transparency around political contributions. In the majority of cases, it is impossible to identify who is making contributions, and to whom. Second and related, given the premium placed on anonymity, contemporary Indian politics is a cash-intensive business. Third, political party accounts are a black box. While parties are required to submit audited accounts to the Election Commission of India (ECI), they are under no obligation to subject their books to independent scrutiny. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, ECI is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules. For example, the agency has neither adequate power nor resources to sanction candidates for even blatant misrepresentation on disclosure forms.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is the context in which one needs to understand and evaluate the Modi government&amp;rsquo;s political finance reforms. The changes introduced by the government broadly fall into two categories. First, the government launched a high-octane war on cash &amp;mdash; best exemplified by its November 2016 decision to demonetise high-value rupee notes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Furthermore, in the 2017 Finance Act, the government instituted a new Rs 2,000 threshold for cash contributions (down from Rs 20,000). In addition, in the 2017-2018 budget, the finance minister announced a new financial instrument called &amp;lsquo;electoral bonds&amp;rsquo; &amp;mdash; time-limited bearer bonds that private entities can purchase from scheduled banks and donate to political parties.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.

It is a truism to note that political finance sits at the heart of corruption...&#039;
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-Hindustan Times

Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.

It is a truism to note that political finance sits at the heart of corruption..."/>
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                <strong>The path to reforms: Ensure enforcement, bring clarity - Devesh Kapur, E Sridharan and Milan Vaishnav</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Hindustan Times<br /><br /><em>Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.<br /></em><br />It is a truism to note that political finance sits at the heart of corruption in modern India. While politicians publicly lament the status quo, they privately profit from the current system. Therefore, the fact that the Narendra Modi government has made reforming political finance an important priority, is worth both acknowledging and evaluating. Given the infirmities associated with India&rsquo;s system of managing the flows of money in and out politics, how effectively have its initiatives addressed the entrenched challenges?<br /><br />In understanding the state of play, four stylised facts characterise India&rsquo;s political finance regime. First, there is virtually zero transparency around political contributions. In the majority of cases, it is impossible to identify who is making contributions, and to whom. Second and related, given the premium placed on anonymity, contemporary Indian politics is a cash-intensive business. Third, political party accounts are a black box. While parties are required to submit audited accounts to the Election Commission of India (ECI), they are under no obligation to subject their books to independent scrutiny. <br /><br />Finally, ECI is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules. For example, the agency has neither adequate power nor resources to sanction candidates for even blatant misrepresentation on disclosure forms.<br /><br />This is the context in which one needs to understand and evaluate the Modi government&rsquo;s political finance reforms. The changes introduced by the government broadly fall into two categories. First, the government launched a high-octane war on cash &mdash; best exemplified by its November 2016 decision to demonetise high-value rupee notes.<br /><br />Furthermore, in the 2017 Finance Act, the government instituted a new Rs 2,000 threshold for cash contributions (down from Rs 20,000). In addition, in the 2017-2018 budget, the finance minister announced a new financial instrument called &lsquo;electoral bonds&rsquo; &mdash; time-limited bearer bonds that private entities can purchase from scheduled banks and donate to political parties.<br /><br />The funds would flow entirely through the formal banking system, thereby reducing the reliance on cash contributions. The upshot is that neither the party nor the private entity is required to disclose the transaction.<br /><br />Second, the government also eased limits on corporate giving. First, it eliminated the cap on corporate donations (which previously stood at 7.5% of a corporation&rsquo;s average net profits over the previous three years) and second, it dropped the requirement that firms declare their political contributions on their profit-and-loss statements. <br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-path-to-reforms-ensure-enforcement-bring-clarity/story-bAXcP4jHXxBWYtlsCYUCwL.html" title="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-path-to-reforms-ensure-enforcement-bring-clarity/story-bAXcP4jHXxBWYtlsCYUCwL.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It is a truism to note that political finance sits at the heart of corruption in modern India. While politicians publicly lament the status quo, they privately profit from the current system. Therefore, the fact that the Narendra Modi government has made reforming political finance an important priority, is worth both acknowledging and evaluating. Given the infirmities associated with India&amp;rsquo;s system of managing the flows of money in and out politics, how effectively have its initiatives addressed the entrenched challenges?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In understanding the state of play, four stylised facts characterise India&amp;rsquo;s political finance regime. First, there is virtually zero transparency around political contributions. In the majority of cases, it is impossible to identify who is making contributions, and to whom. Second and related, given the premium placed on anonymity, contemporary Indian politics is a cash-intensive business. Third, political party accounts are a black box. While parties are required to submit audited accounts to the Election Commission of India (ECI), they are under no obligation to subject their books to independent scrutiny. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, ECI is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules. For example, the agency has neither adequate power nor resources to sanction candidates for even blatant misrepresentation on disclosure forms.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is the context in which one needs to understand and evaluate the Modi government&amp;rsquo;s political finance reforms. The changes introduced by the government broadly fall into two categories. First, the government launched a high-octane war on cash &amp;mdash; best exemplified by its November 2016 decision to demonetise high-value rupee notes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Furthermore, in the 2017 Finance Act, the government instituted a new Rs 2,000 threshold for cash contributions (down from Rs 20,000). In addition, in the 2017-2018 budget, the finance minister announced a new financial instrument called &amp;lsquo;electoral bonds&amp;rsquo; &amp;mdash; time-limited bearer bonds that private entities can purchase from scheduled banks and donate to political parties.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The funds would flow entirely through the formal banking system, thereby reducing the reliance on cash contributions. The upshot is that neither the party nor the private entity is required to disclose the transaction.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Second, the government also eased limits on corporate giving. First, it eliminated the cap on corporate donations (which previously stood at 7.5% of a corporation&amp;rsquo;s average net profits over the previous three years) and second, it dropped the requirement that firms declare their political contributions on their profit-and-loss statements. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-path-to-reforms-ensure-enforcement-bring-clarity/story-bAXcP4jHXxBWYtlsCYUCwL.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-Hindustan Times

Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.

It is a truism to note that political finance sits at the heart of corruption...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is a truism to note that political finance sits at the heart of corruption in modern India. While politicians publicly lament the status quo, they privately profit from the current system. Therefore, the fact that the Narendra Modi government has made reforming political finance an important priority, is worth both acknowledging and evaluating. Given the infirmities associated with India&amp;rsquo;s system of managing the flows of money in and out politics, how effectively have its initiatives addressed the entrenched challenges?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In understanding the state of play, four stylised facts characterise India&amp;rsquo;s political finance regime. First, there is virtually zero transparency around political contributions. In the majority of cases, it is impossible to identify who is making contributions, and to whom. Second and related, given the premium placed on anonymity, contemporary Indian politics is a cash-intensive business. Third, political party accounts are a black box. While parties are required to submit audited accounts to the Election Commission of India (ECI), they are under no obligation to subject their books to independent scrutiny. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Finally, ECI is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules. For example, the agency has neither adequate power nor resources to sanction candidates for even blatant misrepresentation on disclosure forms.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is the context in which one needs to understand and evaluate the Modi government&amp;rsquo;s political finance reforms. The changes introduced by the government broadly fall into two categories. First, the government launched a high-octane war on cash &amp;mdash; best exemplified by its November 2016 decision to demonetise high-value rupee notes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Furthermore, in the 2017 Finance Act, the government instituted a new Rs 2,000 threshold for cash contributions (down from Rs 20,000). In addition, in the 2017-2018 budget, the finance minister announced a new financial instrument called &amp;lsquo;electoral bonds&amp;rsquo; &amp;mdash; time-limited bearer bonds that private entities can purchase from scheduled banks and donate to political parties.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The funds would flow entirely through the formal banking system, thereby reducing the reliance on cash contributions. The upshot is that neither the party nor the private entity is required to disclose the transaction.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Second, the government also eased limits on corporate giving. First, it eliminated the cap on corporate donations (which previously stood at 7.5% of a corporation&amp;rsquo;s average net profits over the previous three years) and second, it dropped the requirement that firms declare their political contributions on their profit-and-loss statements. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-path-to-reforms-ensure-enforcement-bring-clarity/story-bAXcP4jHXxBWYtlsCYUCwL.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-path-to-reforms-ensure-enforcement-bring-clarity/story-bAXcP4jHXxBWYtlsCYUCwL.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It is a truism to note that political finance sits at the heart of corruption in modern India. While politicians publicly lament the status quo, they privately profit from the current system. Therefore, the fact that the Narendra Modi government has made reforming political finance an important priority, is worth both acknowledging and evaluating. Given the infirmities associated with India&amp;rsquo;s system of managing the flows of money in and out politics, how effectively have its initiatives addressed the entrenched challenges?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In understanding the state of play, four stylised facts characterise India&amp;rsquo;s political finance regime. First, there is virtually zero transparency around political contributions. In the majority of cases, it is impossible to identify who is making contributions, and to whom. Second and related, given the premium placed on anonymity, contemporary Indian politics is a cash-intensive business. Third, political party accounts are a black box. While parties are required to submit audited accounts to the Election Commission of India (ECI), they are under no obligation to subject their books to independent scrutiny. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, ECI is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules. For example, the agency has neither adequate power nor resources to sanction candidates for even blatant misrepresentation on disclosure forms.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is the context in which one needs to understand and evaluate the Modi government&amp;rsquo;s political finance reforms. The changes introduced by the government broadly fall into two categories. First, the government launched a high-octane war on cash &amp;mdash; best exemplified by its November 2016 decision to demonetise high-value rupee notes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Furthermore, in the 2017 Finance Act, the government instituted a new Rs 2,000 threshold for cash contributions (down from Rs 20,000). In addition, in the 2017-2018 budget, the finance minister announced a new financial instrument called &amp;lsquo;electoral bonds&amp;rsquo; &amp;mdash; time-limited bearer bonds that private entities can purchase from scheduled banks and donate to political parties.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The funds would flow entirely through the formal banking system, thereby reducing the reliance on cash contributions. The upshot is that neither the party nor the private entity is required to disclose the transaction.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Second, the government also eased limits on corporate giving. First, it eliminated the cap on corporate donations (which previously stood at 7.5% of a corporation&amp;rsquo;s average net profits over the previous three years) and second, it dropped the requirement that firms declare their political contributions on their profit-and-loss statements. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-path-to-reforms-ensure-enforcement-bring-clarity/story-bAXcP4jHXxBWYtlsCYUCwL.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-Hindustan Times

Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.

It is a truism to note that political finance sits at the heart of corruption...&#039;
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-Hindustan Times

Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.

It is a truism to note that political finance sits at the heart of corruption..."/>
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                <strong>The path to reforms: Ensure enforcement, bring clarity - Devesh Kapur, E Sridharan and Milan Vaishnav</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Hindustan Times<br /><br /><em>Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.<br /></em><br />It is a truism to note that political finance sits at the heart of corruption in modern India. While politicians publicly lament the status quo, they privately profit from the current system. Therefore, the fact that the Narendra Modi government has made reforming political finance an important priority, is worth both acknowledging and evaluating. Given the infirmities associated with India&rsquo;s system of managing the flows of money in and out politics, how effectively have its initiatives addressed the entrenched challenges?<br /><br />In understanding the state of play, four stylised facts characterise India&rsquo;s political finance regime. First, there is virtually zero transparency around political contributions. In the majority of cases, it is impossible to identify who is making contributions, and to whom. Second and related, given the premium placed on anonymity, contemporary Indian politics is a cash-intensive business. Third, political party accounts are a black box. While parties are required to submit audited accounts to the Election Commission of India (ECI), they are under no obligation to subject their books to independent scrutiny. <br /><br />Finally, ECI is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules. For example, the agency has neither adequate power nor resources to sanction candidates for even blatant misrepresentation on disclosure forms.<br /><br />This is the context in which one needs to understand and evaluate the Modi government&rsquo;s political finance reforms. The changes introduced by the government broadly fall into two categories. First, the government launched a high-octane war on cash &mdash; best exemplified by its November 2016 decision to demonetise high-value rupee notes.<br /><br />Furthermore, in the 2017 Finance Act, the government instituted a new Rs 2,000 threshold for cash contributions (down from Rs 20,000). In addition, in the 2017-2018 budget, the finance minister announced a new financial instrument called &lsquo;electoral bonds&rsquo; &mdash; time-limited bearer bonds that private entities can purchase from scheduled banks and donate to political parties.<br /><br />The funds would flow entirely through the formal banking system, thereby reducing the reliance on cash contributions. The upshot is that neither the party nor the private entity is required to disclose the transaction.<br /><br />Second, the government also eased limits on corporate giving. First, it eliminated the cap on corporate donations (which previously stood at 7.5% of a corporation&rsquo;s average net profits over the previous three years) and second, it dropped the requirement that firms declare their political contributions on their profit-and-loss statements. <br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-path-to-reforms-ensure-enforcement-bring-clarity/story-bAXcP4jHXxBWYtlsCYUCwL.html" title="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-path-to-reforms-ensure-enforcement-bring-clarity/story-bAXcP4jHXxBWYtlsCYUCwL.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It is a truism to note that political finance sits at the heart of corruption in modern India. While politicians publicly lament the status quo, they privately profit from the current system. Therefore, the fact that the Narendra Modi government has made reforming political finance an important priority, is worth both acknowledging and evaluating. Given the infirmities associated with India&amp;rsquo;s system of managing the flows of money in and out politics, how effectively have its initiatives addressed the entrenched challenges?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, ECI is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules. For example, the agency has neither adequate power nor resources to sanction candidates for even blatant misrepresentation on disclosure forms.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is the context in which one needs to understand and evaluate the Modi government&amp;rsquo;s political finance reforms. The changes introduced by the government broadly fall into two categories. First, the government launched a high-octane war on cash &amp;mdash; best exemplified by its November 2016 decision to demonetise high-value rupee notes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Furthermore, in the 2017 Finance Act, the government instituted a new Rs 2,000 threshold for cash contributions (down from Rs 20,000). In addition, in the 2017-2018 budget, the finance minister announced a new financial instrument called &amp;lsquo;electoral bonds&amp;rsquo; &amp;mdash; time-limited bearer bonds that private entities can purchase from scheduled banks and donate to political parties.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The funds would flow entirely through the formal banking system, thereby reducing the reliance on cash contributions. The upshot is that neither the party nor the private entity is required to disclose the transaction.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.

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	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;The path to reforms: Ensure enforcement, bring clarity - Devesh Kapur, E Sridharan and Milan Vaishnav&#039;,
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-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It is a truism to note that political finance sits at the heart of corruption in modern India. While politicians publicly lament the status quo, they privately profit from the current system. Therefore, the fact that the Narendra Modi government has made reforming political finance an important priority, is worth both acknowledging and evaluating. Given the infirmities associated with India&amp;rsquo;s system of managing the flows of money in and out politics, how effectively have its initiatives addressed the entrenched challenges?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In understanding the state of play, four stylised facts characterise India&amp;rsquo;s political finance regime. First, there is virtually zero transparency around political contributions. In the majority of cases, it is impossible to identify who is making contributions, and to whom. Second and related, given the premium placed on anonymity, contemporary Indian politics is a cash-intensive business. Third, political party accounts are a black box. While parties are required to submit audited accounts to the Election Commission of India (ECI), they are under no obligation to subject their books to independent scrutiny. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, ECI is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules. For example, the agency has neither adequate power nor resources to sanction candidates for even blatant misrepresentation on disclosure forms.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is the context in which one needs to understand and evaluate the Modi government&amp;rsquo;s political finance reforms. The changes introduced by the government broadly fall into two categories. First, the government launched a high-octane war on cash &amp;mdash; best exemplified by its November 2016 decision to demonetise high-value rupee notes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Furthermore, in the 2017 Finance Act, the government instituted a new Rs 2,000 threshold for cash contributions (down from Rs 20,000). In addition, in the 2017-2018 budget, the finance minister announced a new financial instrument called &amp;lsquo;electoral bonds&amp;rsquo; &amp;mdash; time-limited bearer bonds that private entities can purchase from scheduled banks and donate to political parties.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The funds would flow entirely through the formal banking system, thereby reducing the reliance on cash contributions. The upshot is that neither the party nor the private entity is required to disclose the transaction.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Second, the government also eased limits on corporate giving. First, it eliminated the cap on corporate donations (which previously stood at 7.5% of a corporation&amp;rsquo;s average net profits over the previous three years) and second, it dropped the requirement that firms declare their political contributions on their profit-and-loss statements. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-path-to-reforms-ensure-enforcement-bring-clarity/story-bAXcP4jHXxBWYtlsCYUCwL.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-Hindustan Times

Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.

It is a truism to note that political finance sits at the heart of corruption...&#039;
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-Hindustan Times

Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.

It is a truism to note that political finance sits at the heart of corruption..."/>
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                <strong>The path to reforms: Ensure enforcement, bring clarity - Devesh Kapur, E Sridharan and Milan Vaishnav</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Hindustan Times<br /><br /><em>Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.<br /></em><br />It is a truism to note that political finance sits at the heart of corruption in modern India. While politicians publicly lament the status quo, they privately profit from the current system. Therefore, the fact that the Narendra Modi government has made reforming political finance an important priority, is worth both acknowledging and evaluating. Given the infirmities associated with India&rsquo;s system of managing the flows of money in and out politics, how effectively have its initiatives addressed the entrenched challenges?<br /><br />In understanding the state of play, four stylised facts characterise India&rsquo;s political finance regime. First, there is virtually zero transparency around political contributions. In the majority of cases, it is impossible to identify who is making contributions, and to whom. Second and related, given the premium placed on anonymity, contemporary Indian politics is a cash-intensive business. Third, political party accounts are a black box. While parties are required to submit audited accounts to the Election Commission of India (ECI), they are under no obligation to subject their books to independent scrutiny. <br /><br />Finally, ECI is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules. For example, the agency has neither adequate power nor resources to sanction candidates for even blatant misrepresentation on disclosure forms.<br /><br />This is the context in which one needs to understand and evaluate the Modi government&rsquo;s political finance reforms. The changes introduced by the government broadly fall into two categories. First, the government launched a high-octane war on cash &mdash; best exemplified by its November 2016 decision to demonetise high-value rupee notes.<br /><br />Furthermore, in the 2017 Finance Act, the government instituted a new Rs 2,000 threshold for cash contributions (down from Rs 20,000). In addition, in the 2017-2018 budget, the finance minister announced a new financial instrument called &lsquo;electoral bonds&rsquo; &mdash; time-limited bearer bonds that private entities can purchase from scheduled banks and donate to political parties.<br /><br />The funds would flow entirely through the formal banking system, thereby reducing the reliance on cash contributions. The upshot is that neither the party nor the private entity is required to disclose the transaction.<br /><br />Second, the government also eased limits on corporate giving. First, it eliminated the cap on corporate donations (which previously stood at 7.5% of a corporation&rsquo;s average net profits over the previous three years) and second, it dropped the requirement that firms declare their political contributions on their profit-and-loss statements. <br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-path-to-reforms-ensure-enforcement-bring-clarity/story-bAXcP4jHXxBWYtlsCYUCwL.html" title="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-path-to-reforms-ensure-enforcement-bring-clarity/story-bAXcP4jHXxBWYtlsCYUCwL.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-Hindustan Times<br />
<br />
<em>Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.<br />
</em><br />
It is a truism to note that political finance sits at the heart of corruption in modern India. While politicians publicly lament the status quo, they privately profit from the current system. Therefore, the fact that the Narendra Modi government has made reforming political finance an important priority, is worth both acknowledging and evaluating. Given the infirmities associated with India&rsquo;s system of managing the flows of money in and out politics, how effectively have its initiatives addressed the entrenched challenges?<br />
<br />
In understanding the state of play, four stylised facts characterise India&rsquo;s political finance regime. First, there is virtually zero transparency around political contributions. In the majority of cases, it is impossible to identify who is making contributions, and to whom. Second and related, given the premium placed on anonymity, contemporary Indian politics is a cash-intensive business. Third, political party accounts are a black box. While parties are required to submit audited accounts to the Election Commission of India (ECI), they are under no obligation to subject their books to independent scrutiny. <br />
<br />
Finally, ECI is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules. For example, the agency has neither adequate power nor resources to sanction candidates for even blatant misrepresentation on disclosure forms.<br />
<br />
This is the context in which one needs to understand and evaluate the Modi government&rsquo;s political finance reforms. The changes introduced by the government broadly fall into two categories. First, the government launched a high-octane war on cash &mdash; best exemplified by its November 2016 decision to demonetise high-value rupee notes.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, in the 2017 Finance Act, the government instituted a new Rs 2,000 threshold for cash contributions (down from Rs 20,000). In addition, in the 2017-2018 budget, the finance minister announced a new financial instrument called &lsquo;electoral bonds&rsquo; &mdash; time-limited bearer bonds that private entities can purchase from scheduled banks and donate to political parties.<br />
<br />
The funds would flow entirely through the formal banking system, thereby reducing the reliance on cash contributions. The upshot is that neither the party nor the private entity is required to disclose the transaction.<br />
<br />
Second, the government also eased limits on corporate giving. First, it eliminated the cap on corporate donations (which previously stood at 7.5% of a corporation&rsquo;s average net profits over the previous three years) and second, it dropped the requirement that firms declare their political contributions on their profit-and-loss statements. <br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-path-to-reforms-ensure-enforcement-bring-clarity/story-bAXcP4jHXxBWYtlsCYUCwL.html">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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-Hindustan Times<br />
<br />
<em>Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.<br />
</em><br />
It is a truism to note that political finance sits at the heart of corruption in modern India. While politicians publicly lament the status quo, they privately profit from the current system. Therefore, the fact that the Narendra Modi government has made reforming political finance an important priority, is worth both acknowledging and evaluating. Given the infirmities associated with India&rsquo;s system of managing the flows of money in and out politics, how effectively have its initiatives addressed the entrenched challenges?<br />
<br />
In understanding the state of play, four stylised facts characterise India&rsquo;s political finance regime. First, there is virtually zero transparency around political contributions. In the majority of cases, it is impossible to identify who is making contributions, and to whom. Second and related, given the premium placed on anonymity, contemporary Indian politics is a cash-intensive business. Third, political party accounts are a black box. While parties are required to submit audited accounts to the Election Commission of India (ECI), they are under no obligation to subject their books to independent scrutiny. <br />
<br />
Finally, ECI is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules. For example, the agency has neither adequate power nor resources to sanction candidates for even blatant misrepresentation on disclosure forms.<br />
<br />
This is the context in which one needs to understand and evaluate the Modi government&rsquo;s political finance reforms. The changes introduced by the government broadly fall into two categories. First, the government launched a high-octane war on cash &mdash; best exemplified by its November 2016 decision to demonetise high-value rupee notes.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, in the 2017 Finance Act, the government instituted a new Rs 2,000 threshold for cash contributions (down from Rs 20,000). In addition, in the 2017-2018 budget, the finance minister announced a new financial instrument called &lsquo;electoral bonds&rsquo; &mdash; time-limited bearer bonds that private entities can purchase from scheduled banks and donate to political parties.<br />
<br />
The funds would flow entirely through the formal banking system, thereby reducing the reliance on cash contributions. The upshot is that neither the party nor the private entity is required to disclose the transaction.<br />
<br />
Second, the government also eased limits on corporate giving. First, it eliminated the cap on corporate donations (which previously stood at 7.5% of a corporation&rsquo;s average net profits over the previous three years) and second, it dropped the requirement that firms declare their political contributions on their profit-and-loss statements. <br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-path-to-reforms-ensure-enforcement-bring-clarity/story-bAXcP4jHXxBWYtlsCYUCwL.html">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | The path to reforms: Ensure enforcement, bring clarity - Devesh Kapur, E Sridharan and Milan Vaishnav'
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-Hindustan Times

Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.

It is a truism to note that political finance sits at the heart of corruption...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-Hindustan Times<br /><br /><em>Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates.<br /></em><br />It is a truism to note that political finance sits at the heart of corruption in modern India. While politicians publicly lament the status quo, they privately profit from the current system. Therefore, the fact that the Narendra Modi government has made reforming political finance an important priority, is worth both acknowledging and evaluating. Given the infirmities associated with India&rsquo;s system of managing the flows of money in and out politics, how effectively have its initiatives addressed the entrenched challenges?<br /><br />In understanding the state of play, four stylised facts characterise India&rsquo;s political finance regime. First, there is virtually zero transparency around political contributions. In the majority of cases, it is impossible to identify who is making contributions, and to whom. Second and related, given the premium placed on anonymity, contemporary Indian politics is a cash-intensive business. Third, political party accounts are a black box. While parties are required to submit audited accounts to the Election Commission of India (ECI), they are under no obligation to subject their books to independent scrutiny. <br /><br />Finally, ECI is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules. For example, the agency has neither adequate power nor resources to sanction candidates for even blatant misrepresentation on disclosure forms.<br /><br />This is the context in which one needs to understand and evaluate the Modi government&rsquo;s political finance reforms. The changes introduced by the government broadly fall into two categories. First, the government launched a high-octane war on cash &mdash; best exemplified by its November 2016 decision to demonetise high-value rupee notes.<br /><br />Furthermore, in the 2017 Finance Act, the government instituted a new Rs 2,000 threshold for cash contributions (down from Rs 20,000). In addition, in the 2017-2018 budget, the finance minister announced a new financial instrument called &lsquo;electoral bonds&rsquo; &mdash; time-limited bearer bonds that private entities can purchase from scheduled banks and donate to political parties.<br /><br />The funds would flow entirely through the formal banking system, thereby reducing the reliance on cash contributions. The upshot is that neither the party nor the private entity is required to disclose the transaction.<br /><br />Second, the government also eased limits on corporate giving. First, it eliminated the cap on corporate donations (which previously stood at 7.5% of a corporation&rsquo;s average net profits over the previous three years) and second, it dropped the requirement that firms declare their political contributions on their profit-and-loss statements. <br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-path-to-reforms-ensure-enforcement-bring-clarity/story-bAXcP4jHXxBWYtlsCYUCwL.html" title="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-path-to-reforms-ensure-enforcement-bring-clarity/story-bAXcP4jHXxBWYtlsCYUCwL.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>'
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The path to reforms: Ensure enforcement, bring clarity - Devesh Kapur, E Sridharan and Milan Vaishnav

-Hindustan Times Election Commission of India (ECI) is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules and lacks power to sanction candidates. It is a truism to note that political finance sits at the heart of corruption in modern India. While politicians publicly lament the status quo, they privately profit from the current system. Therefore, the fact that the Narendra Modi government has made reforming political finance an important priority, is worth both acknowledging and evaluating. Given the infirmities associated with India’s system of managing the flows of money in and out politics, how effectively have its initiatives addressed the entrenched challenges? In understanding the state of play, four stylised facts characterise India’s political finance regime. First, there is virtually zero transparency around political contributions. In the majority of cases, it is impossible to identify who is making contributions, and to whom. Second and related, given the premium placed on anonymity, contemporary Indian politics is a cash-intensive business. Third, political party accounts are a black box. While parties are required to submit audited accounts to the Election Commission of India (ECI), they are under no obligation to subject their books to independent scrutiny. Finally, ECI is outgunned when it comes to confronting those who circumvent existing campaign finance rules. For example, the agency has neither adequate power nor resources to sanction candidates for even blatant misrepresentation on disclosure forms. This is the context in which one needs to understand and evaluate the Modi government’s political finance reforms. The changes introduced by the government broadly fall into two categories. First, the government launched a high-octane war on cash — best exemplified by its November 2016 decision to demonetise high-value rupee notes. Furthermore, in the 2017 Finance Act, the government instituted a new Rs 2,000 threshold for cash contributions (down from Rs 20,000). In addition, in the 2017-2018 budget, the finance minister announced a new financial instrument called ‘electoral bonds’ — time-limited bearer bonds that private entities can purchase from scheduled banks and donate to political parties. The funds would flow entirely through the formal banking system, thereby reducing the reliance on cash contributions. The upshot is that neither the party nor the private entity is required to disclose the transaction. Second, the government also eased limits on corporate giving. First, it eliminated the cap on corporate donations (which previously stood at 7.5% of a corporation’s average net profits over the previous three years) and second, it dropped the requirement that firms declare their political contributions on their profit-and-loss statements. Please click here to read more.