Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there&amp;rsquo;s a far more fundamental problem&amp;mdash;most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There&amp;rsquo;s nothing new about rural distress. Nor is it surprising. If the income of almost 70% of farm households is less than their consumption expenditure, according to the government&amp;rsquo;s own data, then it&amp;rsquo;s obvious they&amp;rsquo;ll be &amp;ldquo;distressed&amp;rdquo;. Yet that&amp;rsquo;s the inescapable conclusion from the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) report that mapped the income, expenditure and indebtedness of agricultural households in India in 2013.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Consider Chart 1, which shows average monthly income from all sources and consumption expenditure for households with different sizes of farm holdings. For households with farms up to 1 hectare, aka marginal farmers, average monthly consumption is more than total income. They can barely scratch out a living from their handkerchief-sized plots. What else can these households do but borrow to make ends meet?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The chart also shows that for farm households that have a hectare of land or less, net receipts from cultivation make up less than half their total income. They manage to eke out a precarious living by supplementing their income with income from wage labour, animal husbandry and other non-farm businesses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The proportion of receipts from farming goes up as land holdings increase. Any waiver of crop loans, therefore, benefits those with large landholdings the most.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The next obvious question is&amp;mdash;how many households do we have that own 1 hectare or less? The answer (in Chart 2), again taken from NSSO figures, is 69.4%. So, the majority of agricultural households are in chronic distress, unable to keep the wolf from the door. Another 17.1% households&amp;mdash;those owning between 1 and 2 hectares&amp;mdash;had an average monthly surplus of Rs891. A major illness, or perhaps a couple of bad monsoons, would be enough to wipe out all their savings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/ZgHxh8x5xaYjv8g3GCfynL/The-roots-of-rural-distress.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-Livemint.com

Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there&amp;rsquo;s a far more fundamental problem&amp;mdash;most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together.

There&amp;rsquo;s nothing new about rural distress. Nor is it surprising. If the income of almost 70%...&#039;,
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&lt;em&gt;Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there&amp;rsquo;s a far more fundamental problem&amp;mdash;most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
Consider Chart 1, which shows average monthly income from all sources and consumption expenditure for households with different sizes of farm holdings. For households with farms up to 1 hectare, aka marginal farmers, average monthly consumption is more than total income. They can barely scratch out a living from their handkerchief-sized plots. What else can these households do but borrow to make ends meet?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The chart also shows that for farm households that have a hectare of land or less, net receipts from cultivation make up less than half their total income. They manage to eke out a precarious living by supplementing their income with income from wage labour, animal husbandry and other non-farm businesses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The proportion of receipts from farming goes up as land holdings increase. Any waiver of crop loans, therefore, benefits those with large landholdings the most.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The next obvious question is&amp;mdash;how many households do we have that own 1 hectare or less? The answer (in Chart 2), again taken from NSSO figures, is 69.4%. So, the majority of agricultural households are in chronic distress, unable to keep the wolf from the door. Another 17.1% households&amp;mdash;those owning between 1 and 2 hectares&amp;mdash;had an average monthly surplus of Rs891. A major illness, or perhaps a couple of bad monsoons, would be enough to wipe out all their savings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there&amp;rsquo;s a far more fundamental problem&amp;mdash;most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together.

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Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there&rsquo;s a far more fundamental problem&mdash;most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together.

There&rsquo;s nothing new about rural distress. Nor is it surprising. If the income of almost 70%..."/>
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                <strong>The roots of rural distress -Manas Chakravarty</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there&rsquo;s a far more fundamental problem&mdash;most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together.<br /></em><br />There&rsquo;s nothing new about rural distress. Nor is it surprising. If the income of almost 70% of farm households is less than their consumption expenditure, according to the government&rsquo;s own data, then it&rsquo;s obvious they&rsquo;ll be &ldquo;distressed&rdquo;. Yet that&rsquo;s the inescapable conclusion from the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) report that mapped the income, expenditure and indebtedness of agricultural households in India in 2013.<br /><br />Consider Chart 1, which shows average monthly income from all sources and consumption expenditure for households with different sizes of farm holdings. For households with farms up to 1 hectare, aka marginal farmers, average monthly consumption is more than total income. They can barely scratch out a living from their handkerchief-sized plots. What else can these households do but borrow to make ends meet?<br /><br />The chart also shows that for farm households that have a hectare of land or less, net receipts from cultivation make up less than half their total income. They manage to eke out a precarious living by supplementing their income with income from wage labour, animal husbandry and other non-farm businesses.<br /><br />The proportion of receipts from farming goes up as land holdings increase. Any waiver of crop loans, therefore, benefits those with large landholdings the most.<br /><br />The next obvious question is&mdash;how many households do we have that own 1 hectare or less? The answer (in Chart 2), again taken from NSSO figures, is 69.4%. So, the majority of agricultural households are in chronic distress, unable to keep the wolf from the door. Another 17.1% households&mdash;those owning between 1 and 2 hectares&mdash;had an average monthly surplus of Rs891. A major illness, or perhaps a couple of bad monsoons, would be enough to wipe out all their savings.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/ZgHxh8x5xaYjv8g3GCfynL/The-roots-of-rural-distress.html" title="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/ZgHxh8x5xaYjv8g3GCfynL/The-roots-of-rural-distress.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67fff4c6767e1-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67fff4c6767e1-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67fff4c6767e1-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67fff4c6767e1-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67fff4c6767e1-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67fff4c6767e1-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67fff4c6767e1-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67fff4c6767e1-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there&amp;rsquo;s a far more fundamental problem&amp;mdash;most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There&amp;rsquo;s nothing new about rural distress. Nor is it surprising. If the income of almost 70% of farm households is less than their consumption expenditure, according to the government&amp;rsquo;s own data, then it&amp;rsquo;s obvious they&amp;rsquo;ll be &amp;ldquo;distressed&amp;rdquo;. Yet that&amp;rsquo;s the inescapable conclusion from the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) report that mapped the income, expenditure and indebtedness of agricultural households in India in 2013.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Consider Chart 1, which shows average monthly income from all sources and consumption expenditure for households with different sizes of farm holdings. For households with farms up to 1 hectare, aka marginal farmers, average monthly consumption is more than total income. They can barely scratch out a living from their handkerchief-sized plots. What else can these households do but borrow to make ends meet?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The chart also shows that for farm households that have a hectare of land or less, net receipts from cultivation make up less than half their total income. They manage to eke out a precarious living by supplementing their income with income from wage labour, animal husbandry and other non-farm businesses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The proportion of receipts from farming goes up as land holdings increase. Any waiver of crop loans, therefore, benefits those with large landholdings the most.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The next obvious question is&amp;mdash;how many households do we have that own 1 hectare or less? The answer (in Chart 2), again taken from NSSO figures, is 69.4%. So, the majority of agricultural households are in chronic distress, unable to keep the wolf from the door. Another 17.1% households&amp;mdash;those owning between 1 and 2 hectares&amp;mdash;had an average monthly surplus of Rs891. A major illness, or perhaps a couple of bad monsoons, would be enough to wipe out all their savings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/ZgHxh8x5xaYjv8g3GCfynL/The-roots-of-rural-distress.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-Livemint.com

Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there&amp;rsquo;s a far more fundamental problem&amp;mdash;most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together.

There&amp;rsquo;s nothing new about rural distress. Nor is it surprising. If the income of almost 70%...&#039;,
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&lt;em&gt;Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there&amp;rsquo;s a far more fundamental problem&amp;mdash;most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
Consider Chart 1, which shows average monthly income from all sources and consumption expenditure for households with different sizes of farm holdings. For households with farms up to 1 hectare, aka marginal farmers, average monthly consumption is more than total income. They can barely scratch out a living from their handkerchief-sized plots. What else can these households do but borrow to make ends meet?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The chart also shows that for farm households that have a hectare of land or less, net receipts from cultivation make up less than half their total income. They manage to eke out a precarious living by supplementing their income with income from wage labour, animal husbandry and other non-farm businesses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The proportion of receipts from farming goes up as land holdings increase. Any waiver of crop loans, therefore, benefits those with large landholdings the most.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The next obvious question is&amp;mdash;how many households do we have that own 1 hectare or less? The answer (in Chart 2), again taken from NSSO figures, is 69.4%. So, the majority of agricultural households are in chronic distress, unable to keep the wolf from the door. Another 17.1% households&amp;mdash;those owning between 1 and 2 hectares&amp;mdash;had an average monthly surplus of Rs891. A major illness, or perhaps a couple of bad monsoons, would be enough to wipe out all their savings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there&amp;rsquo;s a far more fundamental problem&amp;mdash;most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together.

There&amp;rsquo;s nothing new about rural distress. Nor is it surprising. If the income of almost 70%...&#039;
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Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there&rsquo;s a far more fundamental problem&mdash;most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together.

There&rsquo;s nothing new about rural distress. Nor is it surprising. If the income of almost 70%..."/>
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                <strong>The roots of rural distress -Manas Chakravarty</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there&rsquo;s a far more fundamental problem&mdash;most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together.<br /></em><br />There&rsquo;s nothing new about rural distress. Nor is it surprising. If the income of almost 70% of farm households is less than their consumption expenditure, according to the government&rsquo;s own data, then it&rsquo;s obvious they&rsquo;ll be &ldquo;distressed&rdquo;. Yet that&rsquo;s the inescapable conclusion from the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) report that mapped the income, expenditure and indebtedness of agricultural households in India in 2013.<br /><br />Consider Chart 1, which shows average monthly income from all sources and consumption expenditure for households with different sizes of farm holdings. For households with farms up to 1 hectare, aka marginal farmers, average monthly consumption is more than total income. They can barely scratch out a living from their handkerchief-sized plots. What else can these households do but borrow to make ends meet?<br /><br />The chart also shows that for farm households that have a hectare of land or less, net receipts from cultivation make up less than half their total income. They manage to eke out a precarious living by supplementing their income with income from wage labour, animal husbandry and other non-farm businesses.<br /><br />The proportion of receipts from farming goes up as land holdings increase. Any waiver of crop loans, therefore, benefits those with large landholdings the most.<br /><br />The next obvious question is&mdash;how many households do we have that own 1 hectare or less? The answer (in Chart 2), again taken from NSSO figures, is 69.4%. So, the majority of agricultural households are in chronic distress, unable to keep the wolf from the door. Another 17.1% households&mdash;those owning between 1 and 2 hectares&mdash;had an average monthly surplus of Rs891. A major illness, or perhaps a couple of bad monsoons, would be enough to wipe out all their savings.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/ZgHxh8x5xaYjv8g3GCfynL/The-roots-of-rural-distress.html" title="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/ZgHxh8x5xaYjv8g3GCfynL/The-roots-of-rural-distress.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there&amp;rsquo;s a far more fundamental problem&amp;mdash;most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There&amp;rsquo;s nothing new about rural distress. Nor is it surprising. If the income of almost 70% of farm households is less than their consumption expenditure, according to the government&amp;rsquo;s own data, then it&amp;rsquo;s obvious they&amp;rsquo;ll be &amp;ldquo;distressed&amp;rdquo;. Yet that&amp;rsquo;s the inescapable conclusion from the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) report that mapped the income, expenditure and indebtedness of agricultural households in India in 2013.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Consider Chart 1, which shows average monthly income from all sources and consumption expenditure for households with different sizes of farm holdings. For households with farms up to 1 hectare, aka marginal farmers, average monthly consumption is more than total income. They can barely scratch out a living from their handkerchief-sized plots. What else can these households do but borrow to make ends meet?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The chart also shows that for farm households that have a hectare of land or less, net receipts from cultivation make up less than half their total income. They manage to eke out a precarious living by supplementing their income with income from wage labour, animal husbandry and other non-farm businesses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The proportion of receipts from farming goes up as land holdings increase. Any waiver of crop loans, therefore, benefits those with large landholdings the most.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The next obvious question is&amp;mdash;how many households do we have that own 1 hectare or less? The answer (in Chart 2), again taken from NSSO figures, is 69.4%. So, the majority of agricultural households are in chronic distress, unable to keep the wolf from the door. Another 17.1% households&amp;mdash;those owning between 1 and 2 hectares&amp;mdash;had an average monthly surplus of Rs891. A major illness, or perhaps a couple of bad monsoons, would be enough to wipe out all their savings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/ZgHxh8x5xaYjv8g3GCfynL/The-roots-of-rural-distress.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there&amp;rsquo;s a far more fundamental problem&amp;mdash;most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together.

There&amp;rsquo;s nothing new about rural distress. Nor is it surprising. If the income of almost 70%...&#039;,
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&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
The chart also shows that for farm households that have a hectare of land or less, net receipts from cultivation make up less than half their total income. They manage to eke out a precarious living by supplementing their income with income from wage labour, animal husbandry and other non-farm businesses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The proportion of receipts from farming goes up as land holdings increase. Any waiver of crop loans, therefore, benefits those with large landholdings the most.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The next obvious question is&amp;mdash;how many households do we have that own 1 hectare or less? The answer (in Chart 2), again taken from NSSO figures, is 69.4%. So, the majority of agricultural households are in chronic distress, unable to keep the wolf from the door. Another 17.1% households&amp;mdash;those owning between 1 and 2 hectares&amp;mdash;had an average monthly surplus of Rs891. A major illness, or perhaps a couple of bad monsoons, would be enough to wipe out all their savings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there&amp;rsquo;s a far more fundamental problem&amp;mdash;most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together.

There&amp;rsquo;s nothing new about rural distress. Nor is it surprising. If the income of almost 70%...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there&amp;rsquo;s a far more fundamental problem&amp;mdash;most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There&amp;rsquo;s nothing new about rural distress. Nor is it surprising. If the income of almost 70% of farm households is less than their consumption expenditure, according to the government&amp;rsquo;s own data, then it&amp;rsquo;s obvious they&amp;rsquo;ll be &amp;ldquo;distressed&amp;rdquo;. Yet that&amp;rsquo;s the inescapable conclusion from the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) report that mapped the income, expenditure and indebtedness of agricultural households in India in 2013.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Consider Chart 1, which shows average monthly income from all sources and consumption expenditure for households with different sizes of farm holdings. For households with farms up to 1 hectare, aka marginal farmers, average monthly consumption is more than total income. They can barely scratch out a living from their handkerchief-sized plots. What else can these households do but borrow to make ends meet?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The chart also shows that for farm households that have a hectare of land or less, net receipts from cultivation make up less than half their total income. They manage to eke out a precarious living by supplementing their income with income from wage labour, animal husbandry and other non-farm businesses.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The proportion of receipts from farming goes up as land holdings increase. Any waiver of crop loans, therefore, benefits those with large landholdings the most.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The next obvious question is&amp;mdash;how many households do we have that own 1 hectare or less? The answer (in Chart 2), again taken from NSSO figures, is 69.4%. So, the majority of agricultural households are in chronic distress, unable to keep the wolf from the door. Another 17.1% households&amp;mdash;those owning between 1 and 2 hectares&amp;mdash;had an average monthly surplus of Rs891. A major illness, or perhaps a couple of bad monsoons, would be enough to wipe out all their savings.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/ZgHxh8x5xaYjv8g3GCfynL/The-roots-of-rural-distress.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/ZgHxh8x5xaYjv8g3GCfynL/The-roots-of-rural-distress.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there&rsquo;s a far more fundamental problem&mdash;most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together.

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                <strong>The roots of rural distress -Manas Chakravarty</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there&rsquo;s a far more fundamental problem&mdash;most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together.<br /></em><br />There&rsquo;s nothing new about rural distress. Nor is it surprising. If the income of almost 70% of farm households is less than their consumption expenditure, according to the government&rsquo;s own data, then it&rsquo;s obvious they&rsquo;ll be &ldquo;distressed&rdquo;. Yet that&rsquo;s the inescapable conclusion from the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) report that mapped the income, expenditure and indebtedness of agricultural households in India in 2013.<br /><br />Consider Chart 1, which shows average monthly income from all sources and consumption expenditure for households with different sizes of farm holdings. For households with farms up to 1 hectare, aka marginal farmers, average monthly consumption is more than total income. They can barely scratch out a living from their handkerchief-sized plots. What else can these households do but borrow to make ends meet?<br /><br />The chart also shows that for farm households that have a hectare of land or less, net receipts from cultivation make up less than half their total income. They manage to eke out a precarious living by supplementing their income with income from wage labour, animal husbandry and other non-farm businesses.<br /><br />The proportion of receipts from farming goes up as land holdings increase. Any waiver of crop loans, therefore, benefits those with large landholdings the most.<br /><br />The next obvious question is&mdash;how many households do we have that own 1 hectare or less? The answer (in Chart 2), again taken from NSSO figures, is 69.4%. So, the majority of agricultural households are in chronic distress, unable to keep the wolf from the door. Another 17.1% households&mdash;those owning between 1 and 2 hectares&mdash;had an average monthly surplus of Rs891. A major illness, or perhaps a couple of bad monsoons, would be enough to wipe out all their savings.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/ZgHxh8x5xaYjv8g3GCfynL/The-roots-of-rural-distress.html" title="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/ZgHxh8x5xaYjv8g3GCfynL/The-roots-of-rural-distress.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-Livemint.com<br />
<br />
<em>Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there&rsquo;s a far more fundamental problem&mdash;most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together.<br />
</em><br />
There&rsquo;s nothing new about rural distress. Nor is it surprising. If the income of almost 70% of farm households is less than their consumption expenditure, according to the government&rsquo;s own data, then it&rsquo;s obvious they&rsquo;ll be &ldquo;distressed&rdquo;. Yet that&rsquo;s the inescapable conclusion from the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) report that mapped the income, expenditure and indebtedness of agricultural households in India in 2013.<br />
<br />
Consider Chart 1, which shows average monthly income from all sources and consumption expenditure for households with different sizes of farm holdings. For households with farms up to 1 hectare, aka marginal farmers, average monthly consumption is more than total income. They can barely scratch out a living from their handkerchief-sized plots. What else can these households do but borrow to make ends meet?<br />
<br />
The chart also shows that for farm households that have a hectare of land or less, net receipts from cultivation make up less than half their total income. They manage to eke out a precarious living by supplementing their income with income from wage labour, animal husbandry and other non-farm businesses.<br />
<br />
The proportion of receipts from farming goes up as land holdings increase. Any waiver of crop loans, therefore, benefits those with large landholdings the most.<br />
<br />
The next obvious question is&mdash;how many households do we have that own 1 hectare or less? The answer (in Chart 2), again taken from NSSO figures, is 69.4%. So, the majority of agricultural households are in chronic distress, unable to keep the wolf from the door. Another 17.1% households&mdash;those owning between 1 and 2 hectares&mdash;had an average monthly surplus of Rs891. A major illness, or perhaps a couple of bad monsoons, would be enough to wipe out all their savings.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/ZgHxh8x5xaYjv8g3GCfynL/The-roots-of-rural-distress.html">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there&rsquo;s a far more fundamental problem&mdash;most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together.

There&rsquo;s nothing new about rural distress. Nor is it surprising. If the income of almost 70%...',
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<br />
<em>Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there&rsquo;s a far more fundamental problem&mdash;most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together.<br />
</em><br />
There&rsquo;s nothing new about rural distress. Nor is it surprising. If the income of almost 70% of farm households is less than their consumption expenditure, according to the government&rsquo;s own data, then it&rsquo;s obvious they&rsquo;ll be &ldquo;distressed&rdquo;. Yet that&rsquo;s the inescapable conclusion from the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) report that mapped the income, expenditure and indebtedness of agricultural households in India in 2013.<br />
<br />
Consider Chart 1, which shows average monthly income from all sources and consumption expenditure for households with different sizes of farm holdings. For households with farms up to 1 hectare, aka marginal farmers, average monthly consumption is more than total income. They can barely scratch out a living from their handkerchief-sized plots. What else can these households do but borrow to make ends meet?<br />
<br />
The chart also shows that for farm households that have a hectare of land or less, net receipts from cultivation make up less than half their total income. They manage to eke out a precarious living by supplementing their income with income from wage labour, animal husbandry and other non-farm businesses.<br />
<br />
The proportion of receipts from farming goes up as land holdings increase. Any waiver of crop loans, therefore, benefits those with large landholdings the most.<br />
<br />
The next obvious question is&mdash;how many households do we have that own 1 hectare or less? The answer (in Chart 2), again taken from NSSO figures, is 69.4%. So, the majority of agricultural households are in chronic distress, unable to keep the wolf from the door. Another 17.1% households&mdash;those owning between 1 and 2 hectares&mdash;had an average monthly surplus of Rs891. A major illness, or perhaps a couple of bad monsoons, would be enough to wipe out all their savings.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/ZgHxh8x5xaYjv8g3GCfynL/The-roots-of-rural-distress.html">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there&rsquo;s a far more fundamental problem&mdash;most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together.

There&rsquo;s nothing new about rural distress. Nor is it surprising. If the income of almost 70%...'
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The roots of rural distress -Manas Chakravarty

-Livemint.com Forgiving farm loans is no solution. The data shows there’s a far more fundamental problem—most agricultural households are unable to keep body and soul together. There’s nothing new about rural distress. Nor is it surprising. If the income of almost 70% of farm households is less than their consumption expenditure, according to the government’s own data, then it’s obvious they’ll be “distressed”. Yet that’s the inescapable conclusion from the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) report that mapped the income, expenditure and indebtedness of agricultural households in India in 2013. Consider Chart 1, which shows average monthly income from all sources and consumption expenditure for households with different sizes of farm holdings. For households with farms up to 1 hectare, aka marginal farmers, average monthly consumption is more than total income. They can barely scratch out a living from their handkerchief-sized plots. What else can these households do but borrow to make ends meet? The chart also shows that for farm households that have a hectare of land or less, net receipts from cultivation make up less than half their total income. They manage to eke out a precarious living by supplementing their income with income from wage labour, animal husbandry and other non-farm businesses. The proportion of receipts from farming goes up as land holdings increase. Any waiver of crop loans, therefore, benefits those with large landholdings the most. The next obvious question is—how many households do we have that own 1 hectare or less? The answer (in Chart 2), again taken from NSSO figures, is 69.4%. So, the majority of agricultural households are in chronic distress, unable to keep the wolf from the door. Another 17.1% households—those owning between 1 and 2 hectares—had an average monthly surplus of Rs891. A major illness, or perhaps a couple of bad monsoons, would be enough to wipe out all their savings. Please click here to read more.