Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f070d902a37-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f070d902a37-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f070d902a37-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f070d902a37-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f070d902a37-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f070d902a37-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f070d902a37-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f070d902a37-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem. While most measures suggest that only around one-fifth of the population today is under the official poverty line, large sections of those even much above that line are subject to brutal economic insecurities of various kinds (due to weather or health risks, market fluctuations, job losses). Anxiety about such insecurities occasionally spills over into the streets and politicians wake up and feel they have to do something.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In recent times, both the BJP (around election time in Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra) and the Congress (in Punjab, and now Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) have rushed to douse the fires of farmer wrath with wild schemes of bank loan waivers. This is, of course, a bad idea not just because it plays havoc with the banking culture (just as that of loan waivers for corporate defaulters does), but most of it goes to help the middle and large farmers (more than two-thirds of our farmers are marginal farmers with less than 1 hectare of land, who take only 20 per cent of institutional loans, and owe the rest to private lenders, which the waiver programme will not touch).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So some politicians are now paying attention to the politically successful Rythu Bandhu example of income support to Telangana farmers (at about Rs 10,000 per hectare). The idea of income support is better than price support for farm products (which in any case does not help small farmers who mostly sell their produce to the traders at harvest time, and also applies in practice to a very limited number of crops and states). But it requires much better land records than we have in most states, and leaves out the large numbers of even poorer landless workers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All this distress arises directly or indirectly from India&amp;rsquo;s singular failure in creating enough secure jobs. The farm distress is ultimately because of low productivity (due to lack of enough irrigation, cold storage and extension services, apart from the effects of climate change), and the low-earning farmers themselves want to move to non-farm jobs. This has been a failure of all political parties over many decades. The recent finger-pointing at the prime minister for the failure on the job front is only because he has been the loudest in promising jobs. The absence of secure jobs is also behind agitations on job reservations even by dominant castes (Marathas, Patidars, Jats, Kapus) and behind the mobilisation of lumpen elements of the ruling party affiliates in various incidents of hateful violence and minority lynchings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To put our mind to the difficult task of creating a sufficient number of secure jobs is, of course, highly imperative. But it is a long-term project (with some exceptions, like the proposal for extending the employment guarantee scheme to urban-sector public works as well). Meanwhile, extending schemes of social protection for relief of the massive economic insecurity is urgent and politically expedient.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One idea is that of a Universal Basic Income Supplement (UBIS), which avoids some of the problems that we have mentioned for loan waivers and farm income support per hectare, and also some of the administrative and perverse incentive problems of most insurance schemes (the much-hyped current farm insurance premium subsidy scheme has been hobbled by low participation and tardy claim settlements, often benefiting private insurance companies more than the farmers).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 28 December, 2018, https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-d&#039;,
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-The Indian Express

Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address 

If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem....&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem. While most measures suggest that only around one-fifth of the population today is under the official poverty line, large sections of those even much above that line are subject to brutal economic insecurities of various kinds (due to weather or health risks, market fluctuations, job losses). Anxiety about such insecurities occasionally spills over into the streets and politicians wake up and feel they have to do something.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In recent times, both the BJP (around election time in Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra) and the Congress (in Punjab, and now Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) have rushed to douse the fires of farmer wrath with wild schemes of bank loan waivers. This is, of course, a bad idea not just because it plays havoc with the banking culture (just as that of loan waivers for corporate defaulters does), but most of it goes to help the middle and large farmers (more than two-thirds of our farmers are marginal farmers with less than 1 hectare of land, who take only 20 per cent of institutional loans, and owe the rest to private lenders, which the waiver programme will not touch).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So some politicians are now paying attention to the politically successful Rythu Bandhu example of income support to Telangana farmers (at about Rs 10,000 per hectare). The idea of income support is better than price support for farm products (which in any case does not help small farmers who mostly sell their produce to the traders at harvest time, and also applies in practice to a very limited number of crops and states). But it requires much better land records than we have in most states, and leaves out the large numbers of even poorer landless workers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All this distress arises directly or indirectly from India&amp;rsquo;s singular failure in creating enough secure jobs. The farm distress is ultimately because of low productivity (due to lack of enough irrigation, cold storage and extension services, apart from the effects of climate change), and the low-earning farmers themselves want to move to non-farm jobs. This has been a failure of all political parties over many decades. The recent finger-pointing at the prime minister for the failure on the job front is only because he has been the loudest in promising jobs. The absence of secure jobs is also behind agitations on job reservations even by dominant castes (Marathas, Patidars, Jats, Kapus) and behind the mobilisation of lumpen elements of the ruling party affiliates in various incidents of hateful violence and minority lynchings.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To put our mind to the difficult task of creating a sufficient number of secure jobs is, of course, highly imperative. But it is a long-term project (with some exceptions, like the proposal for extending the employment guarantee scheme to urban-sector public works as well). Meanwhile, extending schemes of social protection for relief of the massive economic insecurity is urgent and politically expedient.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One idea is that of a Universal Basic Income Supplement (UBIS), which avoids some of the problems that we have mentioned for loan waivers and farm income support per hectare, and also some of the administrative and perverse incentive problems of most insurance schemes (the much-hyped current farm insurance premium subsidy scheme has been hobbled by low participation and tardy claim settlements, often benefiting private insurance companies more than the farmers).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk&quot; title=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem. While most measures suggest that only around one-fifth of the population today is under the official poverty line, large sections of those even much above that line are subject to brutal economic insecurities of various kinds (due to weather or health risks, market fluctuations, job losses). Anxiety about such insecurities occasionally spills over into the streets and politicians wake up and feel they have to do something.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In recent times, both the BJP (around election time in Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra) and the Congress (in Punjab, and now Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) have rushed to douse the fires of farmer wrath with wild schemes of bank loan waivers. This is, of course, a bad idea not just because it plays havoc with the banking culture (just as that of loan waivers for corporate defaulters does), but most of it goes to help the middle and large farmers (more than two-thirds of our farmers are marginal farmers with less than 1 hectare of land, who take only 20 per cent of institutional loans, and owe the rest to private lenders, which the waiver programme will not touch).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So some politicians are now paying attention to the politically successful Rythu Bandhu example of income support to Telangana farmers (at about Rs 10,000 per hectare). The idea of income support is better than price support for farm products (which in any case does not help small farmers who mostly sell their produce to the traders at harvest time, and also applies in practice to a very limited number of crops and states). But it requires much better land records than we have in most states, and leaves out the large numbers of even poorer landless workers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All this distress arises directly or indirectly from India&amp;rsquo;s singular failure in creating enough secure jobs. The farm distress is ultimately because of low productivity (due to lack of enough irrigation, cold storage and extension services, apart from the effects of climate change), and the low-earning farmers themselves want to move to non-farm jobs. This has been a failure of all political parties over many decades. The recent finger-pointing at the prime minister for the failure on the job front is only because he has been the loudest in promising jobs. The absence of secure jobs is also behind agitations on job reservations even by dominant castes (Marathas, Patidars, Jats, Kapus) and behind the mobilisation of lumpen elements of the ruling party affiliates in various incidents of hateful violence and minority lynchings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To put our mind to the difficult task of creating a sufficient number of secure jobs is, of course, highly imperative. But it is a long-term project (with some exceptions, like the proposal for extending the employment guarantee scheme to urban-sector public works as well). Meanwhile, extending schemes of social protection for relief of the massive economic insecurity is urgent and politically expedient.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One idea is that of a Universal Basic Income Supplement (UBIS), which avoids some of the problems that we have mentioned for loan waivers and farm income support per hectare, and also some of the administrative and perverse incentive problems of most insurance schemes (the much-hyped current farm insurance premium subsidy scheme has been hobbled by low participation and tardy claim settlements, often benefiting private insurance companies more than the farmers).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 28 December, 2018, https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-d&#039;,
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-The Indian Express

Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address 

If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem....&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem. While most measures suggest that only around one-fifth of the population today is under the official poverty line, large sections of those even much above that line are subject to brutal economic insecurities of various kinds (due to weather or health risks, market fluctuations, job losses). Anxiety about such insecurities occasionally spills over into the streets and politicians wake up and feel they have to do something.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In recent times, both the BJP (around election time in Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra) and the Congress (in Punjab, and now Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) have rushed to douse the fires of farmer wrath with wild schemes of bank loan waivers. This is, of course, a bad idea not just because it plays havoc with the banking culture (just as that of loan waivers for corporate defaulters does), but most of it goes to help the middle and large farmers (more than two-thirds of our farmers are marginal farmers with less than 1 hectare of land, who take only 20 per cent of institutional loans, and owe the rest to private lenders, which the waiver programme will not touch).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So some politicians are now paying attention to the politically successful Rythu Bandhu example of income support to Telangana farmers (at about Rs 10,000 per hectare). The idea of income support is better than price support for farm products (which in any case does not help small farmers who mostly sell their produce to the traders at harvest time, and also applies in practice to a very limited number of crops and states). But it requires much better land records than we have in most states, and leaves out the large numbers of even poorer landless workers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All this distress arises directly or indirectly from India&amp;rsquo;s singular failure in creating enough secure jobs. The farm distress is ultimately because of low productivity (due to lack of enough irrigation, cold storage and extension services, apart from the effects of climate change), and the low-earning farmers themselves want to move to non-farm jobs. This has been a failure of all political parties over many decades. The recent finger-pointing at the prime minister for the failure on the job front is only because he has been the loudest in promising jobs. The absence of secure jobs is also behind agitations on job reservations even by dominant castes (Marathas, Patidars, Jats, Kapus) and behind the mobilisation of lumpen elements of the ruling party affiliates in various incidents of hateful violence and minority lynchings.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To put our mind to the difficult task of creating a sufficient number of secure jobs is, of course, highly imperative. But it is a long-term project (with some exceptions, like the proposal for extending the employment guarantee scheme to urban-sector public works as well). Meanwhile, extending schemes of social protection for relief of the massive economic insecurity is urgent and politically expedient.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One idea is that of a Universal Basic Income Supplement (UBIS), which avoids some of the problems that we have mentioned for loan waivers and farm income support per hectare, and also some of the administrative and perverse incentive problems of most insurance schemes (the much-hyped current farm insurance premium subsidy scheme has been hobbled by low participation and tardy claim settlements, often benefiting private insurance companies more than the farmers).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk&quot; title=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-The Indian Express

Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address 

If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem...."/>
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                <strong>The safety net of the future -Pranab Bardhan</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address <br /></em><br />If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem. While most measures suggest that only around one-fifth of the population today is under the official poverty line, large sections of those even much above that line are subject to brutal economic insecurities of various kinds (due to weather or health risks, market fluctuations, job losses). Anxiety about such insecurities occasionally spills over into the streets and politicians wake up and feel they have to do something.<br /><br />In recent times, both the BJP (around election time in Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra) and the Congress (in Punjab, and now Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) have rushed to douse the fires of farmer wrath with wild schemes of bank loan waivers. This is, of course, a bad idea not just because it plays havoc with the banking culture (just as that of loan waivers for corporate defaulters does), but most of it goes to help the middle and large farmers (more than two-thirds of our farmers are marginal farmers with less than 1 hectare of land, who take only 20 per cent of institutional loans, and owe the rest to private lenders, which the waiver programme will not touch).<br /><br />So some politicians are now paying attention to the politically successful Rythu Bandhu example of income support to Telangana farmers (at about Rs 10,000 per hectare). The idea of income support is better than price support for farm products (which in any case does not help small farmers who mostly sell their produce to the traders at harvest time, and also applies in practice to a very limited number of crops and states). But it requires much better land records than we have in most states, and leaves out the large numbers of even poorer landless workers.<br /><br />All this distress arises directly or indirectly from India&rsquo;s singular failure in creating enough secure jobs. The farm distress is ultimately because of low productivity (due to lack of enough irrigation, cold storage and extension services, apart from the effects of climate change), and the low-earning farmers themselves want to move to non-farm jobs. This has been a failure of all political parties over many decades. The recent finger-pointing at the prime minister for the failure on the job front is only because he has been the loudest in promising jobs. The absence of secure jobs is also behind agitations on job reservations even by dominant castes (Marathas, Patidars, Jats, Kapus) and behind the mobilisation of lumpen elements of the ruling party affiliates in various incidents of hateful violence and minority lynchings.<br /><br />To put our mind to the difficult task of creating a sufficient number of secure jobs is, of course, highly imperative. But it is a long-term project (with some exceptions, like the proposal for extending the employment guarantee scheme to urban-sector public works as well). Meanwhile, extending schemes of social protection for relief of the massive economic insecurity is urgent and politically expedient.<br /><br />One idea is that of a Universal Basic Income Supplement (UBIS), which avoids some of the problems that we have mentioned for loan waivers and farm income support per hectare, and also some of the administrative and perverse incentive problems of most insurance schemes (the much-hyped current farm insurance premium subsidy scheme has been hobbled by low participation and tardy claim settlements, often benefiting private insurance companies more than the farmers).<br /><br />Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk" title="https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem. While most measures suggest that only around one-fifth of the population today is under the official poverty line, large sections of those even much above that line are subject to brutal economic insecurities of various kinds (due to weather or health risks, market fluctuations, job losses). Anxiety about such insecurities occasionally spills over into the streets and politicians wake up and feel they have to do something.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In recent times, both the BJP (around election time in Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra) and the Congress (in Punjab, and now Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) have rushed to douse the fires of farmer wrath with wild schemes of bank loan waivers. This is, of course, a bad idea not just because it plays havoc with the banking culture (just as that of loan waivers for corporate defaulters does), but most of it goes to help the middle and large farmers (more than two-thirds of our farmers are marginal farmers with less than 1 hectare of land, who take only 20 per cent of institutional loans, and owe the rest to private lenders, which the waiver programme will not touch).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So some politicians are now paying attention to the politically successful Rythu Bandhu example of income support to Telangana farmers (at about Rs 10,000 per hectare). The idea of income support is better than price support for farm products (which in any case does not help small farmers who mostly sell their produce to the traders at harvest time, and also applies in practice to a very limited number of crops and states). But it requires much better land records than we have in most states, and leaves out the large numbers of even poorer landless workers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All this distress arises directly or indirectly from India&amp;rsquo;s singular failure in creating enough secure jobs. The farm distress is ultimately because of low productivity (due to lack of enough irrigation, cold storage and extension services, apart from the effects of climate change), and the low-earning farmers themselves want to move to non-farm jobs. This has been a failure of all political parties over many decades. The recent finger-pointing at the prime minister for the failure on the job front is only because he has been the loudest in promising jobs. The absence of secure jobs is also behind agitations on job reservations even by dominant castes (Marathas, Patidars, Jats, Kapus) and behind the mobilisation of lumpen elements of the ruling party affiliates in various incidents of hateful violence and minority lynchings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To put our mind to the difficult task of creating a sufficient number of secure jobs is, of course, highly imperative. But it is a long-term project (with some exceptions, like the proposal for extending the employment guarantee scheme to urban-sector public works as well). Meanwhile, extending schemes of social protection for relief of the massive economic insecurity is urgent and politically expedient.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One idea is that of a Universal Basic Income Supplement (UBIS), which avoids some of the problems that we have mentioned for loan waivers and farm income support per hectare, and also some of the administrative and perverse incentive problems of most insurance schemes (the much-hyped current farm insurance premium subsidy scheme has been hobbled by low participation and tardy claim settlements, often benefiting private insurance companies more than the farmers).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-The Indian Express

Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address 

If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem....&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem. While most measures suggest that only around one-fifth of the population today is under the official poverty line, large sections of those even much above that line are subject to brutal economic insecurities of various kinds (due to weather or health risks, market fluctuations, job losses). Anxiety about such insecurities occasionally spills over into the streets and politicians wake up and feel they have to do something.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In recent times, both the BJP (around election time in Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra) and the Congress (in Punjab, and now Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) have rushed to douse the fires of farmer wrath with wild schemes of bank loan waivers. This is, of course, a bad idea not just because it plays havoc with the banking culture (just as that of loan waivers for corporate defaulters does), but most of it goes to help the middle and large farmers (more than two-thirds of our farmers are marginal farmers with less than 1 hectare of land, who take only 20 per cent of institutional loans, and owe the rest to private lenders, which the waiver programme will not touch).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So some politicians are now paying attention to the politically successful Rythu Bandhu example of income support to Telangana farmers (at about Rs 10,000 per hectare). The idea of income support is better than price support for farm products (which in any case does not help small farmers who mostly sell their produce to the traders at harvest time, and also applies in practice to a very limited number of crops and states). But it requires much better land records than we have in most states, and leaves out the large numbers of even poorer landless workers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All this distress arises directly or indirectly from India&amp;rsquo;s singular failure in creating enough secure jobs. The farm distress is ultimately because of low productivity (due to lack of enough irrigation, cold storage and extension services, apart from the effects of climate change), and the low-earning farmers themselves want to move to non-farm jobs. This has been a failure of all political parties over many decades. The recent finger-pointing at the prime minister for the failure on the job front is only because he has been the loudest in promising jobs. The absence of secure jobs is also behind agitations on job reservations even by dominant castes (Marathas, Patidars, Jats, Kapus) and behind the mobilisation of lumpen elements of the ruling party affiliates in various incidents of hateful violence and minority lynchings.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To put our mind to the difficult task of creating a sufficient number of secure jobs is, of course, highly imperative. But it is a long-term project (with some exceptions, like the proposal for extending the employment guarantee scheme to urban-sector public works as well). Meanwhile, extending schemes of social protection for relief of the massive economic insecurity is urgent and politically expedient.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One idea is that of a Universal Basic Income Supplement (UBIS), which avoids some of the problems that we have mentioned for loan waivers and farm income support per hectare, and also some of the administrative and perverse incentive problems of most insurance schemes (the much-hyped current farm insurance premium subsidy scheme has been hobbled by low participation and tardy claim settlements, often benefiting private insurance companies more than the farmers).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk&quot; title=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem. While most measures suggest that only around one-fifth of the population today is under the official poverty line, large sections of those even much above that line are subject to brutal economic insecurities of various kinds (due to weather or health risks, market fluctuations, job losses). Anxiety about such insecurities occasionally spills over into the streets and politicians wake up and feel they have to do something.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In recent times, both the BJP (around election time in Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra) and the Congress (in Punjab, and now Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) have rushed to douse the fires of farmer wrath with wild schemes of bank loan waivers. This is, of course, a bad idea not just because it plays havoc with the banking culture (just as that of loan waivers for corporate defaulters does), but most of it goes to help the middle and large farmers (more than two-thirds of our farmers are marginal farmers with less than 1 hectare of land, who take only 20 per cent of institutional loans, and owe the rest to private lenders, which the waiver programme will not touch).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So some politicians are now paying attention to the politically successful Rythu Bandhu example of income support to Telangana farmers (at about Rs 10,000 per hectare). The idea of income support is better than price support for farm products (which in any case does not help small farmers who mostly sell their produce to the traders at harvest time, and also applies in practice to a very limited number of crops and states). But it requires much better land records than we have in most states, and leaves out the large numbers of even poorer landless workers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All this distress arises directly or indirectly from India&amp;rsquo;s singular failure in creating enough secure jobs. The farm distress is ultimately because of low productivity (due to lack of enough irrigation, cold storage and extension services, apart from the effects of climate change), and the low-earning farmers themselves want to move to non-farm jobs. This has been a failure of all political parties over many decades. The recent finger-pointing at the prime minister for the failure on the job front is only because he has been the loudest in promising jobs. The absence of secure jobs is also behind agitations on job reservations even by dominant castes (Marathas, Patidars, Jats, Kapus) and behind the mobilisation of lumpen elements of the ruling party affiliates in various incidents of hateful violence and minority lynchings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To put our mind to the difficult task of creating a sufficient number of secure jobs is, of course, highly imperative. But it is a long-term project (with some exceptions, like the proposal for extending the employment guarantee scheme to urban-sector public works as well). Meanwhile, extending schemes of social protection for relief of the massive economic insecurity is urgent and politically expedient.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One idea is that of a Universal Basic Income Supplement (UBIS), which avoids some of the problems that we have mentioned for loan waivers and farm income support per hectare, and also some of the administrative and perverse incentive problems of most insurance schemes (the much-hyped current farm insurance premium subsidy scheme has been hobbled by low participation and tardy claim settlements, often benefiting private insurance companies more than the farmers).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-The Indian Express

Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address 

If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem....&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem. While most measures suggest that only around one-fifth of the population today is under the official poverty line, large sections of those even much above that line are subject to brutal economic insecurities of various kinds (due to weather or health risks, market fluctuations, job losses). Anxiety about such insecurities occasionally spills over into the streets and politicians wake up and feel they have to do something.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In recent times, both the BJP (around election time in Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra) and the Congress (in Punjab, and now Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) have rushed to douse the fires of farmer wrath with wild schemes of bank loan waivers. This is, of course, a bad idea not just because it plays havoc with the banking culture (just as that of loan waivers for corporate defaulters does), but most of it goes to help the middle and large farmers (more than two-thirds of our farmers are marginal farmers with less than 1 hectare of land, who take only 20 per cent of institutional loans, and owe the rest to private lenders, which the waiver programme will not touch).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So some politicians are now paying attention to the politically successful Rythu Bandhu example of income support to Telangana farmers (at about Rs 10,000 per hectare). The idea of income support is better than price support for farm products (which in any case does not help small farmers who mostly sell their produce to the traders at harvest time, and also applies in practice to a very limited number of crops and states). But it requires much better land records than we have in most states, and leaves out the large numbers of even poorer landless workers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All this distress arises directly or indirectly from India&amp;rsquo;s singular failure in creating enough secure jobs. The farm distress is ultimately because of low productivity (due to lack of enough irrigation, cold storage and extension services, apart from the effects of climate change), and the low-earning farmers themselves want to move to non-farm jobs. This has been a failure of all political parties over many decades. The recent finger-pointing at the prime minister for the failure on the job front is only because he has been the loudest in promising jobs. The absence of secure jobs is also behind agitations on job reservations even by dominant castes (Marathas, Patidars, Jats, Kapus) and behind the mobilisation of lumpen elements of the ruling party affiliates in various incidents of hateful violence and minority lynchings.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To put our mind to the difficult task of creating a sufficient number of secure jobs is, of course, highly imperative. But it is a long-term project (with some exceptions, like the proposal for extending the employment guarantee scheme to urban-sector public works as well). Meanwhile, extending schemes of social protection for relief of the massive economic insecurity is urgent and politically expedient.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One idea is that of a Universal Basic Income Supplement (UBIS), which avoids some of the problems that we have mentioned for loan waivers and farm income support per hectare, and also some of the administrative and perverse incentive problems of most insurance schemes (the much-hyped current farm insurance premium subsidy scheme has been hobbled by low participation and tardy claim settlements, often benefiting private insurance companies more than the farmers).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk&quot; title=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-The Indian Express

Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address 

If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem...."/>
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                <strong>The safety net of the future -Pranab Bardhan</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address <br /></em><br />If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem. While most measures suggest that only around one-fifth of the population today is under the official poverty line, large sections of those even much above that line are subject to brutal economic insecurities of various kinds (due to weather or health risks, market fluctuations, job losses). Anxiety about such insecurities occasionally spills over into the streets and politicians wake up and feel they have to do something.<br /><br />In recent times, both the BJP (around election time in Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra) and the Congress (in Punjab, and now Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) have rushed to douse the fires of farmer wrath with wild schemes of bank loan waivers. This is, of course, a bad idea not just because it plays havoc with the banking culture (just as that of loan waivers for corporate defaulters does), but most of it goes to help the middle and large farmers (more than two-thirds of our farmers are marginal farmers with less than 1 hectare of land, who take only 20 per cent of institutional loans, and owe the rest to private lenders, which the waiver programme will not touch).<br /><br />So some politicians are now paying attention to the politically successful Rythu Bandhu example of income support to Telangana farmers (at about Rs 10,000 per hectare). The idea of income support is better than price support for farm products (which in any case does not help small farmers who mostly sell their produce to the traders at harvest time, and also applies in practice to a very limited number of crops and states). But it requires much better land records than we have in most states, and leaves out the large numbers of even poorer landless workers.<br /><br />All this distress arises directly or indirectly from India&rsquo;s singular failure in creating enough secure jobs. The farm distress is ultimately because of low productivity (due to lack of enough irrigation, cold storage and extension services, apart from the effects of climate change), and the low-earning farmers themselves want to move to non-farm jobs. This has been a failure of all political parties over many decades. The recent finger-pointing at the prime minister for the failure on the job front is only because he has been the loudest in promising jobs. The absence of secure jobs is also behind agitations on job reservations even by dominant castes (Marathas, Patidars, Jats, Kapus) and behind the mobilisation of lumpen elements of the ruling party affiliates in various incidents of hateful violence and minority lynchings.<br /><br />To put our mind to the difficult task of creating a sufficient number of secure jobs is, of course, highly imperative. But it is a long-term project (with some exceptions, like the proposal for extending the employment guarantee scheme to urban-sector public works as well). Meanwhile, extending schemes of social protection for relief of the massive economic insecurity is urgent and politically expedient.<br /><br />One idea is that of a Universal Basic Income Supplement (UBIS), which avoids some of the problems that we have mentioned for loan waivers and farm income support per hectare, and also some of the administrative and perverse incentive problems of most insurance schemes (the much-hyped current farm insurance premium subsidy scheme has been hobbled by low participation and tardy claim settlements, often benefiting private insurance companies more than the farmers).<br /><br />Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk" title="https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;The safety net of the future -Pranab Bardhan&#039;,
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem. While most measures suggest that only around one-fifth of the population today is under the official poverty line, large sections of those even much above that line are subject to brutal economic insecurities of various kinds (due to weather or health risks, market fluctuations, job losses). Anxiety about such insecurities occasionally spills over into the streets and politicians wake up and feel they have to do something.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In recent times, both the BJP (around election time in Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra) and the Congress (in Punjab, and now Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) have rushed to douse the fires of farmer wrath with wild schemes of bank loan waivers. This is, of course, a bad idea not just because it plays havoc with the banking culture (just as that of loan waivers for corporate defaulters does), but most of it goes to help the middle and large farmers (more than two-thirds of our farmers are marginal farmers with less than 1 hectare of land, who take only 20 per cent of institutional loans, and owe the rest to private lenders, which the waiver programme will not touch).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So some politicians are now paying attention to the politically successful Rythu Bandhu example of income support to Telangana farmers (at about Rs 10,000 per hectare). The idea of income support is better than price support for farm products (which in any case does not help small farmers who mostly sell their produce to the traders at harvest time, and also applies in practice to a very limited number of crops and states). But it requires much better land records than we have in most states, and leaves out the large numbers of even poorer landless workers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All this distress arises directly or indirectly from India&amp;rsquo;s singular failure in creating enough secure jobs. The farm distress is ultimately because of low productivity (due to lack of enough irrigation, cold storage and extension services, apart from the effects of climate change), and the low-earning farmers themselves want to move to non-farm jobs. This has been a failure of all political parties over many decades. The recent finger-pointing at the prime minister for the failure on the job front is only because he has been the loudest in promising jobs. The absence of secure jobs is also behind agitations on job reservations even by dominant castes (Marathas, Patidars, Jats, Kapus) and behind the mobilisation of lumpen elements of the ruling party affiliates in various incidents of hateful violence and minority lynchings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To put our mind to the difficult task of creating a sufficient number of secure jobs is, of course, highly imperative. But it is a long-term project (with some exceptions, like the proposal for extending the employment guarantee scheme to urban-sector public works as well). Meanwhile, extending schemes of social protection for relief of the massive economic insecurity is urgent and politically expedient.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One idea is that of a Universal Basic Income Supplement (UBIS), which avoids some of the problems that we have mentioned for loan waivers and farm income support per hectare, and also some of the administrative and perverse incentive problems of most insurance schemes (the much-hyped current farm insurance premium subsidy scheme has been hobbled by low participation and tardy claim settlements, often benefiting private insurance companies more than the farmers).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-The Indian Express

Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address 

If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem....&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem. While most measures suggest that only around one-fifth of the population today is under the official poverty line, large sections of those even much above that line are subject to brutal economic insecurities of various kinds (due to weather or health risks, market fluctuations, job losses). Anxiety about such insecurities occasionally spills over into the streets and politicians wake up and feel they have to do something.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In recent times, both the BJP (around election time in Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra) and the Congress (in Punjab, and now Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) have rushed to douse the fires of farmer wrath with wild schemes of bank loan waivers. This is, of course, a bad idea not just because it plays havoc with the banking culture (just as that of loan waivers for corporate defaulters does), but most of it goes to help the middle and large farmers (more than two-thirds of our farmers are marginal farmers with less than 1 hectare of land, who take only 20 per cent of institutional loans, and owe the rest to private lenders, which the waiver programme will not touch).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So some politicians are now paying attention to the politically successful Rythu Bandhu example of income support to Telangana farmers (at about Rs 10,000 per hectare). The idea of income support is better than price support for farm products (which in any case does not help small farmers who mostly sell their produce to the traders at harvest time, and also applies in practice to a very limited number of crops and states). But it requires much better land records than we have in most states, and leaves out the large numbers of even poorer landless workers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All this distress arises directly or indirectly from India&amp;rsquo;s singular failure in creating enough secure jobs. The farm distress is ultimately because of low productivity (due to lack of enough irrigation, cold storage and extension services, apart from the effects of climate change), and the low-earning farmers themselves want to move to non-farm jobs. This has been a failure of all political parties over many decades. The recent finger-pointing at the prime minister for the failure on the job front is only because he has been the loudest in promising jobs. The absence of secure jobs is also behind agitations on job reservations even by dominant castes (Marathas, Patidars, Jats, Kapus) and behind the mobilisation of lumpen elements of the ruling party affiliates in various incidents of hateful violence and minority lynchings.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To put our mind to the difficult task of creating a sufficient number of secure jobs is, of course, highly imperative. But it is a long-term project (with some exceptions, like the proposal for extending the employment guarantee scheme to urban-sector public works as well). Meanwhile, extending schemes of social protection for relief of the massive economic insecurity is urgent and politically expedient.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One idea is that of a Universal Basic Income Supplement (UBIS), which avoids some of the problems that we have mentioned for loan waivers and farm income support per hectare, and also some of the administrative and perverse incentive problems of most insurance schemes (the much-hyped current farm insurance premium subsidy scheme has been hobbled by low participation and tardy claim settlements, often benefiting private insurance companies more than the farmers).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk&quot; title=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem. While most measures suggest that only around one-fifth of the population today is under the official poverty line, large sections of those even much above that line are subject to brutal economic insecurities of various kinds (due to weather or health risks, market fluctuations, job losses). Anxiety about such insecurities occasionally spills over into the streets and politicians wake up and feel they have to do something.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In recent times, both the BJP (around election time in Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra) and the Congress (in Punjab, and now Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) have rushed to douse the fires of farmer wrath with wild schemes of bank loan waivers. This is, of course, a bad idea not just because it plays havoc with the banking culture (just as that of loan waivers for corporate defaulters does), but most of it goes to help the middle and large farmers (more than two-thirds of our farmers are marginal farmers with less than 1 hectare of land, who take only 20 per cent of institutional loans, and owe the rest to private lenders, which the waiver programme will not touch).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So some politicians are now paying attention to the politically successful Rythu Bandhu example of income support to Telangana farmers (at about Rs 10,000 per hectare). The idea of income support is better than price support for farm products (which in any case does not help small farmers who mostly sell their produce to the traders at harvest time, and also applies in practice to a very limited number of crops and states). But it requires much better land records than we have in most states, and leaves out the large numbers of even poorer landless workers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All this distress arises directly or indirectly from India&amp;rsquo;s singular failure in creating enough secure jobs. The farm distress is ultimately because of low productivity (due to lack of enough irrigation, cold storage and extension services, apart from the effects of climate change), and the low-earning farmers themselves want to move to non-farm jobs. This has been a failure of all political parties over many decades. The recent finger-pointing at the prime minister for the failure on the job front is only because he has been the loudest in promising jobs. The absence of secure jobs is also behind agitations on job reservations even by dominant castes (Marathas, Patidars, Jats, Kapus) and behind the mobilisation of lumpen elements of the ruling party affiliates in various incidents of hateful violence and minority lynchings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To put our mind to the difficult task of creating a sufficient number of secure jobs is, of course, highly imperative. But it is a long-term project (with some exceptions, like the proposal for extending the employment guarantee scheme to urban-sector public works as well). Meanwhile, extending schemes of social protection for relief of the massive economic insecurity is urgent and politically expedient.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One idea is that of a Universal Basic Income Supplement (UBIS), which avoids some of the problems that we have mentioned for loan waivers and farm income support per hectare, and also some of the administrative and perverse incentive problems of most insurance schemes (the much-hyped current farm insurance premium subsidy scheme has been hobbled by low participation and tardy claim settlements, often benefiting private insurance companies more than the farmers).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 28 December, 2018, https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-d&#039;,
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-The Indian Express

Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address 

If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem....&#039;
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Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address 

If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem...."/>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address <br /></em><br />If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem. While most measures suggest that only around one-fifth of the population today is under the official poverty line, large sections of those even much above that line are subject to brutal economic insecurities of various kinds (due to weather or health risks, market fluctuations, job losses). Anxiety about such insecurities occasionally spills over into the streets and politicians wake up and feel they have to do something.<br /><br />In recent times, both the BJP (around election time in Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra) and the Congress (in Punjab, and now Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) have rushed to douse the fires of farmer wrath with wild schemes of bank loan waivers. This is, of course, a bad idea not just because it plays havoc with the banking culture (just as that of loan waivers for corporate defaulters does), but most of it goes to help the middle and large farmers (more than two-thirds of our farmers are marginal farmers with less than 1 hectare of land, who take only 20 per cent of institutional loans, and owe the rest to private lenders, which the waiver programme will not touch).<br /><br />So some politicians are now paying attention to the politically successful Rythu Bandhu example of income support to Telangana farmers (at about Rs 10,000 per hectare). The idea of income support is better than price support for farm products (which in any case does not help small farmers who mostly sell their produce to the traders at harvest time, and also applies in practice to a very limited number of crops and states). But it requires much better land records than we have in most states, and leaves out the large numbers of even poorer landless workers.<br /><br />All this distress arises directly or indirectly from India&rsquo;s singular failure in creating enough secure jobs. The farm distress is ultimately because of low productivity (due to lack of enough irrigation, cold storage and extension services, apart from the effects of climate change), and the low-earning farmers themselves want to move to non-farm jobs. This has been a failure of all political parties over many decades. The recent finger-pointing at the prime minister for the failure on the job front is only because he has been the loudest in promising jobs. The absence of secure jobs is also behind agitations on job reservations even by dominant castes (Marathas, Patidars, Jats, Kapus) and behind the mobilisation of lumpen elements of the ruling party affiliates in various incidents of hateful violence and minority lynchings.<br /><br />To put our mind to the difficult task of creating a sufficient number of secure jobs is, of course, highly imperative. But it is a long-term project (with some exceptions, like the proposal for extending the employment guarantee scheme to urban-sector public works as well). Meanwhile, extending schemes of social protection for relief of the massive economic insecurity is urgent and politically expedient.<br /><br />One idea is that of a Universal Basic Income Supplement (UBIS), which avoids some of the problems that we have mentioned for loan waivers and farm income support per hectare, and also some of the administrative and perverse incentive problems of most insurance schemes (the much-hyped current farm insurance premium subsidy scheme has been hobbled by low participation and tardy claim settlements, often benefiting private insurance companies more than the farmers).<br /><br />Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk" title="https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Indian Express<br />
<br />
<em>Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address <br />
</em><br />
If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem. While most measures suggest that only around one-fifth of the population today is under the official poverty line, large sections of those even much above that line are subject to brutal economic insecurities of various kinds (due to weather or health risks, market fluctuations, job losses). Anxiety about such insecurities occasionally spills over into the streets and politicians wake up and feel they have to do something.<br />
<br />
In recent times, both the BJP (around election time in Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra) and the Congress (in Punjab, and now Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) have rushed to douse the fires of farmer wrath with wild schemes of bank loan waivers. This is, of course, a bad idea not just because it plays havoc with the banking culture (just as that of loan waivers for corporate defaulters does), but most of it goes to help the middle and large farmers (more than two-thirds of our farmers are marginal farmers with less than 1 hectare of land, who take only 20 per cent of institutional loans, and owe the rest to private lenders, which the waiver programme will not touch).<br />
<br />
So some politicians are now paying attention to the politically successful Rythu Bandhu example of income support to Telangana farmers (at about Rs 10,000 per hectare). The idea of income support is better than price support for farm products (which in any case does not help small farmers who mostly sell their produce to the traders at harvest time, and also applies in practice to a very limited number of crops and states). But it requires much better land records than we have in most states, and leaves out the large numbers of even poorer landless workers.<br />
<br />
All this distress arises directly or indirectly from India&rsquo;s singular failure in creating enough secure jobs. The farm distress is ultimately because of low productivity (due to lack of enough irrigation, cold storage and extension services, apart from the effects of climate change), and the low-earning farmers themselves want to move to non-farm jobs. This has been a failure of all political parties over many decades. The recent finger-pointing at the prime minister for the failure on the job front is only because he has been the loudest in promising jobs. The absence of secure jobs is also behind agitations on job reservations even by dominant castes (Marathas, Patidars, Jats, Kapus) and behind the mobilisation of lumpen elements of the ruling party affiliates in various incidents of hateful violence and minority lynchings.<br />
<br />
To put our mind to the difficult task of creating a sufficient number of secure jobs is, of course, highly imperative. But it is a long-term project (with some exceptions, like the proposal for extending the employment guarantee scheme to urban-sector public works as well). Meanwhile, extending schemes of social protection for relief of the massive economic insecurity is urgent and politically expedient.<br />
<br />
One idea is that of a Universal Basic Income Supplement (UBIS), which avoids some of the problems that we have mentioned for loan waivers and farm income support per hectare, and also some of the administrative and perverse incentive problems of most insurance schemes (the much-hyped current farm insurance premium subsidy scheme has been hobbled by low participation and tardy claim settlements, often benefiting private insurance companies more than the farmers).<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
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-The Indian Express

Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address 

If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem....',
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-The Indian Express<br />
<br />
<em>Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address <br />
</em><br />
If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem. While most measures suggest that only around one-fifth of the population today is under the official poverty line, large sections of those even much above that line are subject to brutal economic insecurities of various kinds (due to weather or health risks, market fluctuations, job losses). Anxiety about such insecurities occasionally spills over into the streets and politicians wake up and feel they have to do something.<br />
<br />
In recent times, both the BJP (around election time in Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra) and the Congress (in Punjab, and now Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) have rushed to douse the fires of farmer wrath with wild schemes of bank loan waivers. This is, of course, a bad idea not just because it plays havoc with the banking culture (just as that of loan waivers for corporate defaulters does), but most of it goes to help the middle and large farmers (more than two-thirds of our farmers are marginal farmers with less than 1 hectare of land, who take only 20 per cent of institutional loans, and owe the rest to private lenders, which the waiver programme will not touch).<br />
<br />
So some politicians are now paying attention to the politically successful Rythu Bandhu example of income support to Telangana farmers (at about Rs 10,000 per hectare). The idea of income support is better than price support for farm products (which in any case does not help small farmers who mostly sell their produce to the traders at harvest time, and also applies in practice to a very limited number of crops and states). But it requires much better land records than we have in most states, and leaves out the large numbers of even poorer landless workers.<br />
<br />
All this distress arises directly or indirectly from India&rsquo;s singular failure in creating enough secure jobs. The farm distress is ultimately because of low productivity (due to lack of enough irrigation, cold storage and extension services, apart from the effects of climate change), and the low-earning farmers themselves want to move to non-farm jobs. This has been a failure of all political parties over many decades. The recent finger-pointing at the prime minister for the failure on the job front is only because he has been the loudest in promising jobs. The absence of secure jobs is also behind agitations on job reservations even by dominant castes (Marathas, Patidars, Jats, Kapus) and behind the mobilisation of lumpen elements of the ruling party affiliates in various incidents of hateful violence and minority lynchings.<br />
<br />
To put our mind to the difficult task of creating a sufficient number of secure jobs is, of course, highly imperative. But it is a long-term project (with some exceptions, like the proposal for extending the employment guarantee scheme to urban-sector public works as well). Meanwhile, extending schemes of social protection for relief of the massive economic insecurity is urgent and politically expedient.<br />
<br />
One idea is that of a Universal Basic Income Supplement (UBIS), which avoids some of the problems that we have mentioned for loan waivers and farm income support per hectare, and also some of the administrative and perverse incentive problems of most insurance schemes (the much-hyped current farm insurance premium subsidy scheme has been hobbled by low participation and tardy claim settlements, often benefiting private insurance companies more than the farmers).<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-poverty-social-inequality-the-safety-net-of-the-future-5512511/?fbclid=IwAR2kFIUoiVeWnybZ5oA_gEKT-ugfxN-dfCf2wl_4FHKgMtVLKKXWN36Ljnk">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
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Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address 

If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem....'
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The safety net of the future -Pranab Bardhan

-The Indian Express Insecurity, more than poverty or indebtedness, is the key economic issue that politicians must address If social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem. While most measures suggest that only around one-fifth of the population today is under the official poverty line, large sections of those even much above that line are subject to brutal economic insecurities of various kinds (due to weather or health risks, market fluctuations, job losses). Anxiety about such insecurities occasionally spills over into the streets and politicians wake up and feel they have to do something. In recent times, both the BJP (around election time in Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra) and the Congress (in Punjab, and now Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) have rushed to douse the fires of farmer wrath with wild schemes of bank loan waivers. This is, of course, a bad idea not just because it plays havoc with the banking culture (just as that of loan waivers for corporate defaulters does), but most of it goes to help the middle and large farmers (more than two-thirds of our farmers are marginal farmers with less than 1 hectare of land, who take only 20 per cent of institutional loans, and owe the rest to private lenders, which the waiver programme will not touch). So some politicians are now paying attention to the politically successful Rythu Bandhu example of income support to Telangana farmers (at about Rs 10,000 per hectare). The idea of income support is better than price support for farm products (which in any case does not help small farmers who mostly sell their produce to the traders at harvest time, and also applies in practice to a very limited number of crops and states). But it requires much better land records than we have in most states, and leaves out the large numbers of even poorer landless workers. All this distress arises directly or indirectly from India’s singular failure in creating enough secure jobs. The farm distress is ultimately because of low productivity (due to lack of enough irrigation, cold storage and extension services, apart from the effects of climate change), and the low-earning farmers themselves want to move to non-farm jobs. This has been a failure of all political parties over many decades. The recent finger-pointing at the prime minister for the failure on the job front is only because he has been the loudest in promising jobs. The absence of secure jobs is also behind agitations on job reservations even by dominant castes (Marathas, Patidars, Jats, Kapus) and behind the mobilisation of lumpen elements of the ruling party affiliates in various incidents of hateful violence and minority lynchings. To put our mind to the difficult task of creating a sufficient number of secure jobs is, of course, highly imperative. But it is a long-term project (with some exceptions, like the proposal for extending the employment guarantee scheme to urban-sector public works as well). Meanwhile, extending schemes of social protection for relief of the massive economic insecurity is urgent and politically expedient. One idea is that of a Universal Basic Income Supplement (UBIS), which avoids some of the problems that we have mentioned for loan waivers and farm income support per hectare, and also some of the administrative and perverse incentive problems of most insurance schemes (the much-hyped current farm insurance premium subsidy scheme has been hobbled by low participation and tardy claim settlements, often benefiting private insurance companies more than the farmers). Please click here to read more.