Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f764d3f186c-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f764d3f186c-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f764d3f186c-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f764d3f186c-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f764d3f186c-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f764d3f186c-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f764d3f186c-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f764d3f186c-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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-The Telegraph
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;New Delhi: &lt;/em&gt;Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), a non-government partner that was involved in the tiger estimation exercise, said the &amp;quot;double-sampling&amp;quot; approach the Union environment and forests ministry adopted was &amp;quot;not the best currently available methodology&amp;quot; for this task.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The latest census, released by the ministry last week, has estimated that India has 2,226 tigers scattered across 47 reserve areas and adjacent patches of forests - a 30 per cent rise over four years.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;We believe the double-sampling methodology has some fundamental statistical flaws,&amp;quot; Ullas Karanth, director, WCS, India, told The Telegraph. &amp;quot;This is not a robust approach - it should be considered obsolete.&amp;quot;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The double-sampling strategy involves combining two sets of data to arrive at the estimate for tigers, either within a landscape or across the country. Scientists used 9,735 cameras to capture images of tigers in relatively small zones of tiger territories. They also asked forest guards to trudge across much wider areas, counting paw-marks and scat droppings to use them as proxy indicators of the presence of the big cats, and combined the data to arrive at the final estimates.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Karanth said the technique of combining the two sets of data - counts from camera traps and counts from indirect evidence of tigers - was based on a statistical approach proposed in 1938, but is viewed by many experts as not good enough to deliver reliable estimates for changes in numbers.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
He said a more reliable estimate was likely to emerge from the environment ministry&#039;s ongoing exercise to estimate the number of tigers in 30 to 40 major &amp;quot;source populations&amp;quot;, or areas where tigers are thriving and multiplying.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;These source populations hold over 90 per cent of all our tigers, and annual rigorous monitoring of these populations can yield more accurate tiger numbers, measure increases and decreases, and survival rates which are critical for the long-term fate of India&#039;s tiger populations,&amp;quot; the WCS said in a media release.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
India&#039;s population of tigers, presumed to be around 50,000 in the early 19th century, had dropped to 1,411 in 2006 before climbing to 1,706 in the 2010 census. In 1973, India had launched Project Tiger, a nationwide conservation effort to help protect the species and its habitat.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Karanth said the number of tigers has &amp;quot;definitely gone up&amp;quot;, adding that voluntary relocation of villages from core tiger areas, enhanced patrolling, and expanding tiger reserves had helped increase the numbers of tigers in several states.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
But the WCS has cautioned that tigers now occupy less than 200,000sqkm from the 380,000sqkm that was once considered tiger territory. Of this 200,000sqkm, only 20 per cent of the area supports any reasonable tiger densities and account for 90 per cent of India&#039;s tigers.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
India&#039;s tigers are scattered across several distinct regions, or landscapes - the Shivalik-Gangetic plains; Central India and the Eastern Ghats; the Western Ghats, the Northeastern Hills and the Brahmaputra flood plains, and the Sunderbans.
&lt;/p&gt;
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&amp;quot;It is critical to expand the habitats holding the tiger source populations,&amp;quot; the WCS said.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Karanth said other experts who have at various times questioned the double-sampling methodology include David Anderson, at the Colorado State University, James Nichols, at the US Geological Service, and Mohan Delampady at the Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore.
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-The Telegraph


New Delhi: Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.


The Wildlife...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Telegraph&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;New Delhi: &lt;/em&gt;Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), a non-government partner that was involved in the tiger estimation exercise, said the &amp;quot;double-sampling&amp;quot; approach the Union environment and forests ministry adopted was &amp;quot;not the best currently available methodology&amp;quot; for this task.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The latest census, released by the ministry last week, has estimated that India has 2,226 tigers scattered across 47 reserve areas and adjacent patches of forests - a 30 per cent rise over four years.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;We believe the double-sampling methodology has some fundamental statistical flaws,&amp;quot; Ullas Karanth, director, WCS, India, told The Telegraph. &amp;quot;This is not a robust approach - it should be considered obsolete.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The double-sampling strategy involves combining two sets of data to arrive at the estimate for tigers, either within a landscape or across the country. Scientists used 9,735 cameras to capture images of tigers in relatively small zones of tiger territories. They also asked forest guards to trudge across much wider areas, counting paw-marks and scat droppings to use them as proxy indicators of the presence of the big cats, and combined the data to arrive at the final estimates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Karanth said the technique of combining the two sets of data - counts from camera traps and counts from indirect evidence of tigers - was based on a statistical approach proposed in 1938, but is viewed by many experts as not good enough to deliver reliable estimates for changes in numbers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;He said a more reliable estimate was likely to emerge from the environment ministry&#039;s ongoing exercise to estimate the number of tigers in 30 to 40 major &amp;quot;source populations&amp;quot;, or areas where tigers are thriving and multiplying.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;These source populations hold over 90 per cent of all our tigers, and annual rigorous monitoring of these populations can yield more accurate tiger numbers, measure increases and decreases, and survival rates which are critical for the long-term fate of India&#039;s tiger populations,&amp;quot; the WCS said in a media release.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;India&#039;s population of tigers, presumed to be around 50,000 in the early 19th century, had dropped to 1,411 in 2006 before climbing to 1,706 in the 2010 census. In 1973, India had launched Project Tiger, a nationwide conservation effort to help protect the species and its habitat.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Karanth said the number of tigers has &amp;quot;definitely gone up&amp;quot;, adding that voluntary relocation of villages from core tiger areas, enhanced patrolling, and expanding tiger reserves had helped increase the numbers of tigers in several states.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;But the WCS has cautioned that tigers now occupy less than 200,000sqkm from the 380,000sqkm that was once considered tiger territory. Of this 200,000sqkm, only 20 per cent of the area supports any reasonable tiger densities and account for 90 per cent of India&#039;s tigers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;India&#039;s tigers are scattered across several distinct regions, or landscapes - the Shivalik-Gangetic plains; Central India and the Eastern Ghats; the Western Ghats, the Northeastern Hills and the Brahmaputra flood plains, and the Sunderbans.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;It is critical to expand the habitats holding the tiger source populations,&amp;quot; the WCS said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Karanth said other experts who have at various times questioned the double-sampling methodology include David Anderson, at the Colorado State University, James Nichols, at the US Geological Service, and Mohan Delampady at the Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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-The Telegraph
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;New Delhi: &lt;/em&gt;Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), a non-government partner that was involved in the tiger estimation exercise, said the &amp;quot;double-sampling&amp;quot; approach the Union environment and forests ministry adopted was &amp;quot;not the best currently available methodology&amp;quot; for this task.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The latest census, released by the ministry last week, has estimated that India has 2,226 tigers scattered across 47 reserve areas and adjacent patches of forests - a 30 per cent rise over four years.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;We believe the double-sampling methodology has some fundamental statistical flaws,&amp;quot; Ullas Karanth, director, WCS, India, told The Telegraph. &amp;quot;This is not a robust approach - it should be considered obsolete.&amp;quot;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The double-sampling strategy involves combining two sets of data to arrive at the estimate for tigers, either within a landscape or across the country. Scientists used 9,735 cameras to capture images of tigers in relatively small zones of tiger territories. They also asked forest guards to trudge across much wider areas, counting paw-marks and scat droppings to use them as proxy indicators of the presence of the big cats, and combined the data to arrive at the final estimates.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Karanth said the technique of combining the two sets of data - counts from camera traps and counts from indirect evidence of tigers - was based on a statistical approach proposed in 1938, but is viewed by many experts as not good enough to deliver reliable estimates for changes in numbers.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
He said a more reliable estimate was likely to emerge from the environment ministry&#039;s ongoing exercise to estimate the number of tigers in 30 to 40 major &amp;quot;source populations&amp;quot;, or areas where tigers are thriving and multiplying.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;These source populations hold over 90 per cent of all our tigers, and annual rigorous monitoring of these populations can yield more accurate tiger numbers, measure increases and decreases, and survival rates which are critical for the long-term fate of India&#039;s tiger populations,&amp;quot; the WCS said in a media release.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
India&#039;s population of tigers, presumed to be around 50,000 in the early 19th century, had dropped to 1,411 in 2006 before climbing to 1,706 in the 2010 census. In 1973, India had launched Project Tiger, a nationwide conservation effort to help protect the species and its habitat.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Karanth said the number of tigers has &amp;quot;definitely gone up&amp;quot;, adding that voluntary relocation of villages from core tiger areas, enhanced patrolling, and expanding tiger reserves had helped increase the numbers of tigers in several states.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
But the WCS has cautioned that tigers now occupy less than 200,000sqkm from the 380,000sqkm that was once considered tiger territory. Of this 200,000sqkm, only 20 per cent of the area supports any reasonable tiger densities and account for 90 per cent of India&#039;s tigers.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
India&#039;s tigers are scattered across several distinct regions, or landscapes - the Shivalik-Gangetic plains; Central India and the Eastern Ghats; the Western Ghats, the Northeastern Hills and the Brahmaputra flood plains, and the Sunderbans.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;It is critical to expand the habitats holding the tiger source populations,&amp;quot; the WCS said.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Karanth said other experts who have at various times questioned the double-sampling methodology include David Anderson, at the Colorado State University, James Nichols, at the US Geological Service, and Mohan Delampady at the Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore.
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-The Telegraph


New Delhi: Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.


The Wildlife...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Telegraph&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;New Delhi: &lt;/em&gt;Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), a non-government partner that was involved in the tiger estimation exercise, said the &amp;quot;double-sampling&amp;quot; approach the Union environment and forests ministry adopted was &amp;quot;not the best currently available methodology&amp;quot; for this task.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The latest census, released by the ministry last week, has estimated that India has 2,226 tigers scattered across 47 reserve areas and adjacent patches of forests - a 30 per cent rise over four years.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;We believe the double-sampling methodology has some fundamental statistical flaws,&amp;quot; Ullas Karanth, director, WCS, India, told The Telegraph. &amp;quot;This is not a robust approach - it should be considered obsolete.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The double-sampling strategy involves combining two sets of data to arrive at the estimate for tigers, either within a landscape or across the country. Scientists used 9,735 cameras to capture images of tigers in relatively small zones of tiger territories. They also asked forest guards to trudge across much wider areas, counting paw-marks and scat droppings to use them as proxy indicators of the presence of the big cats, and combined the data to arrive at the final estimates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Karanth said the technique of combining the two sets of data - counts from camera traps and counts from indirect evidence of tigers - was based on a statistical approach proposed in 1938, but is viewed by many experts as not good enough to deliver reliable estimates for changes in numbers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;He said a more reliable estimate was likely to emerge from the environment ministry&#039;s ongoing exercise to estimate the number of tigers in 30 to 40 major &amp;quot;source populations&amp;quot;, or areas where tigers are thriving and multiplying.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;These source populations hold over 90 per cent of all our tigers, and annual rigorous monitoring of these populations can yield more accurate tiger numbers, measure increases and decreases, and survival rates which are critical for the long-term fate of India&#039;s tiger populations,&amp;quot; the WCS said in a media release.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;India&#039;s population of tigers, presumed to be around 50,000 in the early 19th century, had dropped to 1,411 in 2006 before climbing to 1,706 in the 2010 census. In 1973, India had launched Project Tiger, a nationwide conservation effort to help protect the species and its habitat.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Karanth said the number of tigers has &amp;quot;definitely gone up&amp;quot;, adding that voluntary relocation of villages from core tiger areas, enhanced patrolling, and expanding tiger reserves had helped increase the numbers of tigers in several states.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;But the WCS has cautioned that tigers now occupy less than 200,000sqkm from the 380,000sqkm that was once considered tiger territory. Of this 200,000sqkm, only 20 per cent of the area supports any reasonable tiger densities and account for 90 per cent of India&#039;s tigers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;India&#039;s tigers are scattered across several distinct regions, or landscapes - the Shivalik-Gangetic plains; Central India and the Eastern Ghats; the Western Ghats, the Northeastern Hills and the Brahmaputra flood plains, and the Sunderbans.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;It is critical to expand the habitats holding the tiger source populations,&amp;quot; the WCS said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Karanth said other experts who have at various times questioned the double-sampling methodology include David Anderson, at the Colorado State University, James Nichols, at the US Geological Service, and Mohan Delampady at the Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;
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-The Telegraph


New Delhi: Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.


The Wildlife..."/>
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                <strong>Tiger census</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Telegraph</div><p align="justify"><em>New Delhi: </em>Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.</p><p align="justify">The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), a non-government partner that was involved in the tiger estimation exercise, said the &quot;double-sampling&quot; approach the Union environment and forests ministry adopted was &quot;not the best currently available methodology&quot; for this task.</p><p align="justify">The latest census, released by the ministry last week, has estimated that India has 2,226 tigers scattered across 47 reserve areas and adjacent patches of forests - a 30 per cent rise over four years.</p><p align="justify">&quot;We believe the double-sampling methodology has some fundamental statistical flaws,&quot; Ullas Karanth, director, WCS, India, told The Telegraph. &quot;This is not a robust approach - it should be considered obsolete.&quot;</p><p align="justify">The double-sampling strategy involves combining two sets of data to arrive at the estimate for tigers, either within a landscape or across the country. Scientists used 9,735 cameras to capture images of tigers in relatively small zones of tiger territories. They also asked forest guards to trudge across much wider areas, counting paw-marks and scat droppings to use them as proxy indicators of the presence of the big cats, and combined the data to arrive at the final estimates.</p><p align="justify">Karanth said the technique of combining the two sets of data - counts from camera traps and counts from indirect evidence of tigers - was based on a statistical approach proposed in 1938, but is viewed by many experts as not good enough to deliver reliable estimates for changes in numbers.</p><p align="justify">He said a more reliable estimate was likely to emerge from the environment ministry's ongoing exercise to estimate the number of tigers in 30 to 40 major &quot;source populations&quot;, or areas where tigers are thriving and multiplying.</p><p align="justify">&quot;These source populations hold over 90 per cent of all our tigers, and annual rigorous monitoring of these populations can yield more accurate tiger numbers, measure increases and decreases, and survival rates which are critical for the long-term fate of India's tiger populations,&quot; the WCS said in a media release.</p><p align="justify">India's population of tigers, presumed to be around 50,000 in the early 19th century, had dropped to 1,411 in 2006 before climbing to 1,706 in the 2010 census. In 1973, India had launched Project Tiger, a nationwide conservation effort to help protect the species and its habitat.</p><p align="justify">Karanth said the number of tigers has &quot;definitely gone up&quot;, adding that voluntary relocation of villages from core tiger areas, enhanced patrolling, and expanding tiger reserves had helped increase the numbers of tigers in several states.</p><p align="justify">But the WCS has cautioned that tigers now occupy less than 200,000sqkm from the 380,000sqkm that was once considered tiger territory. Of this 200,000sqkm, only 20 per cent of the area supports any reasonable tiger densities and account for 90 per cent of India's tigers.</p><p align="justify">India's tigers are scattered across several distinct regions, or landscapes - the Shivalik-Gangetic plains; Central India and the Eastern Ghats; the Western Ghats, the Northeastern Hills and the Brahmaputra flood plains, and the Sunderbans.</p><p align="justify">&quot;It is critical to expand the habitats holding the tiger source populations,&quot; the WCS said.</p><p align="justify">Karanth said other experts who have at various times questioned the double-sampling methodology include David Anderson, at the Colorado State University, James Nichols, at the US Geological Service, and Mohan Delampady at the Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore.</p>               </font>
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-The Telegraph
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;New Delhi: &lt;/em&gt;Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), a non-government partner that was involved in the tiger estimation exercise, said the &amp;quot;double-sampling&amp;quot; approach the Union environment and forests ministry adopted was &amp;quot;not the best currently available methodology&amp;quot; for this task.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The latest census, released by the ministry last week, has estimated that India has 2,226 tigers scattered across 47 reserve areas and adjacent patches of forests - a 30 per cent rise over four years.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;We believe the double-sampling methodology has some fundamental statistical flaws,&amp;quot; Ullas Karanth, director, WCS, India, told The Telegraph. &amp;quot;This is not a robust approach - it should be considered obsolete.&amp;quot;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The double-sampling strategy involves combining two sets of data to arrive at the estimate for tigers, either within a landscape or across the country. Scientists used 9,735 cameras to capture images of tigers in relatively small zones of tiger territories. They also asked forest guards to trudge across much wider areas, counting paw-marks and scat droppings to use them as proxy indicators of the presence of the big cats, and combined the data to arrive at the final estimates.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Karanth said the technique of combining the two sets of data - counts from camera traps and counts from indirect evidence of tigers - was based on a statistical approach proposed in 1938, but is viewed by many experts as not good enough to deliver reliable estimates for changes in numbers.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
He said a more reliable estimate was likely to emerge from the environment ministry&#039;s ongoing exercise to estimate the number of tigers in 30 to 40 major &amp;quot;source populations&amp;quot;, or areas where tigers are thriving and multiplying.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;These source populations hold over 90 per cent of all our tigers, and annual rigorous monitoring of these populations can yield more accurate tiger numbers, measure increases and decreases, and survival rates which are critical for the long-term fate of India&#039;s tiger populations,&amp;quot; the WCS said in a media release.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
India&#039;s population of tigers, presumed to be around 50,000 in the early 19th century, had dropped to 1,411 in 2006 before climbing to 1,706 in the 2010 census. In 1973, India had launched Project Tiger, a nationwide conservation effort to help protect the species and its habitat.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Karanth said the number of tigers has &amp;quot;definitely gone up&amp;quot;, adding that voluntary relocation of villages from core tiger areas, enhanced patrolling, and expanding tiger reserves had helped increase the numbers of tigers in several states.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
But the WCS has cautioned that tigers now occupy less than 200,000sqkm from the 380,000sqkm that was once considered tiger territory. Of this 200,000sqkm, only 20 per cent of the area supports any reasonable tiger densities and account for 90 per cent of India&#039;s tigers.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
India&#039;s tigers are scattered across several distinct regions, or landscapes - the Shivalik-Gangetic plains; Central India and the Eastern Ghats; the Western Ghats, the Northeastern Hills and the Brahmaputra flood plains, and the Sunderbans.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;It is critical to expand the habitats holding the tiger source populations,&amp;quot; the WCS said.
&lt;/p&gt;
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Karanth said other experts who have at various times questioned the double-sampling methodology include David Anderson, at the Colorado State University, James Nichols, at the US Geological Service, and Mohan Delampady at the Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore.
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-The Telegraph


New Delhi: Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.


The Wildlife...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Telegraph&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;New Delhi: &lt;/em&gt;Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), a non-government partner that was involved in the tiger estimation exercise, said the &amp;quot;double-sampling&amp;quot; approach the Union environment and forests ministry adopted was &amp;quot;not the best currently available methodology&amp;quot; for this task.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The latest census, released by the ministry last week, has estimated that India has 2,226 tigers scattered across 47 reserve areas and adjacent patches of forests - a 30 per cent rise over four years.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;We believe the double-sampling methodology has some fundamental statistical flaws,&amp;quot; Ullas Karanth, director, WCS, India, told The Telegraph. &amp;quot;This is not a robust approach - it should be considered obsolete.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The double-sampling strategy involves combining two sets of data to arrive at the estimate for tigers, either within a landscape or across the country. Scientists used 9,735 cameras to capture images of tigers in relatively small zones of tiger territories. They also asked forest guards to trudge across much wider areas, counting paw-marks and scat droppings to use them as proxy indicators of the presence of the big cats, and combined the data to arrive at the final estimates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Karanth said the technique of combining the two sets of data - counts from camera traps and counts from indirect evidence of tigers - was based on a statistical approach proposed in 1938, but is viewed by many experts as not good enough to deliver reliable estimates for changes in numbers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;He said a more reliable estimate was likely to emerge from the environment ministry&#039;s ongoing exercise to estimate the number of tigers in 30 to 40 major &amp;quot;source populations&amp;quot;, or areas where tigers are thriving and multiplying.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;These source populations hold over 90 per cent of all our tigers, and annual rigorous monitoring of these populations can yield more accurate tiger numbers, measure increases and decreases, and survival rates which are critical for the long-term fate of India&#039;s tiger populations,&amp;quot; the WCS said in a media release.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;India&#039;s population of tigers, presumed to be around 50,000 in the early 19th century, had dropped to 1,411 in 2006 before climbing to 1,706 in the 2010 census. In 1973, India had launched Project Tiger, a nationwide conservation effort to help protect the species and its habitat.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Karanth said the number of tigers has &amp;quot;definitely gone up&amp;quot;, adding that voluntary relocation of villages from core tiger areas, enhanced patrolling, and expanding tiger reserves had helped increase the numbers of tigers in several states.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;But the WCS has cautioned that tigers now occupy less than 200,000sqkm from the 380,000sqkm that was once considered tiger territory. Of this 200,000sqkm, only 20 per cent of the area supports any reasonable tiger densities and account for 90 per cent of India&#039;s tigers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;India&#039;s tigers are scattered across several distinct regions, or landscapes - the Shivalik-Gangetic plains; Central India and the Eastern Ghats; the Western Ghats, the Northeastern Hills and the Brahmaputra flood plains, and the Sunderbans.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;It is critical to expand the habitats holding the tiger source populations,&amp;quot; the WCS said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Karanth said other experts who have at various times questioned the double-sampling methodology include David Anderson, at the Colorado State University, James Nichols, at the US Geological Service, and Mohan Delampady at the Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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-The Telegraph
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;New Delhi: &lt;/em&gt;Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.
&lt;/p&gt;
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The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), a non-government partner that was involved in the tiger estimation exercise, said the &amp;quot;double-sampling&amp;quot; approach the Union environment and forests ministry adopted was &amp;quot;not the best currently available methodology&amp;quot; for this task.
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The latest census, released by the ministry last week, has estimated that India has 2,226 tigers scattered across 47 reserve areas and adjacent patches of forests - a 30 per cent rise over four years.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;We believe the double-sampling methodology has some fundamental statistical flaws,&amp;quot; Ullas Karanth, director, WCS, India, told The Telegraph. &amp;quot;This is not a robust approach - it should be considered obsolete.&amp;quot;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The double-sampling strategy involves combining two sets of data to arrive at the estimate for tigers, either within a landscape or across the country. Scientists used 9,735 cameras to capture images of tigers in relatively small zones of tiger territories. They also asked forest guards to trudge across much wider areas, counting paw-marks and scat droppings to use them as proxy indicators of the presence of the big cats, and combined the data to arrive at the final estimates.
&lt;/p&gt;
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Karanth said the technique of combining the two sets of data - counts from camera traps and counts from indirect evidence of tigers - was based on a statistical approach proposed in 1938, but is viewed by many experts as not good enough to deliver reliable estimates for changes in numbers.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
He said a more reliable estimate was likely to emerge from the environment ministry&#039;s ongoing exercise to estimate the number of tigers in 30 to 40 major &amp;quot;source populations&amp;quot;, or areas where tigers are thriving and multiplying.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;These source populations hold over 90 per cent of all our tigers, and annual rigorous monitoring of these populations can yield more accurate tiger numbers, measure increases and decreases, and survival rates which are critical for the long-term fate of India&#039;s tiger populations,&amp;quot; the WCS said in a media release.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
India&#039;s population of tigers, presumed to be around 50,000 in the early 19th century, had dropped to 1,411 in 2006 before climbing to 1,706 in the 2010 census. In 1973, India had launched Project Tiger, a nationwide conservation effort to help protect the species and its habitat.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Karanth said the number of tigers has &amp;quot;definitely gone up&amp;quot;, adding that voluntary relocation of villages from core tiger areas, enhanced patrolling, and expanding tiger reserves had helped increase the numbers of tigers in several states.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
But the WCS has cautioned that tigers now occupy less than 200,000sqkm from the 380,000sqkm that was once considered tiger territory. Of this 200,000sqkm, only 20 per cent of the area supports any reasonable tiger densities and account for 90 per cent of India&#039;s tigers.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
India&#039;s tigers are scattered across several distinct regions, or landscapes - the Shivalik-Gangetic plains; Central India and the Eastern Ghats; the Western Ghats, the Northeastern Hills and the Brahmaputra flood plains, and the Sunderbans.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;It is critical to expand the habitats holding the tiger source populations,&amp;quot; the WCS said.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Karanth said other experts who have at various times questioned the double-sampling methodology include David Anderson, at the Colorado State University, James Nichols, at the US Geological Service, and Mohan Delampady at the Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore.
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-The Telegraph


New Delhi: Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.


The Wildlife...&#039;
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-The Telegraph


New Delhi: Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.


The Wildlife..."/>
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                <strong>Tiger census</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Telegraph</div><p align="justify"><em>New Delhi: </em>Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.</p><p align="justify">The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), a non-government partner that was involved in the tiger estimation exercise, said the &quot;double-sampling&quot; approach the Union environment and forests ministry adopted was &quot;not the best currently available methodology&quot; for this task.</p><p align="justify">The latest census, released by the ministry last week, has estimated that India has 2,226 tigers scattered across 47 reserve areas and adjacent patches of forests - a 30 per cent rise over four years.</p><p align="justify">&quot;We believe the double-sampling methodology has some fundamental statistical flaws,&quot; Ullas Karanth, director, WCS, India, told The Telegraph. &quot;This is not a robust approach - it should be considered obsolete.&quot;</p><p align="justify">The double-sampling strategy involves combining two sets of data to arrive at the estimate for tigers, either within a landscape or across the country. Scientists used 9,735 cameras to capture images of tigers in relatively small zones of tiger territories. They also asked forest guards to trudge across much wider areas, counting paw-marks and scat droppings to use them as proxy indicators of the presence of the big cats, and combined the data to arrive at the final estimates.</p><p align="justify">Karanth said the technique of combining the two sets of data - counts from camera traps and counts from indirect evidence of tigers - was based on a statistical approach proposed in 1938, but is viewed by many experts as not good enough to deliver reliable estimates for changes in numbers.</p><p align="justify">He said a more reliable estimate was likely to emerge from the environment ministry's ongoing exercise to estimate the number of tigers in 30 to 40 major &quot;source populations&quot;, or areas where tigers are thriving and multiplying.</p><p align="justify">&quot;These source populations hold over 90 per cent of all our tigers, and annual rigorous monitoring of these populations can yield more accurate tiger numbers, measure increases and decreases, and survival rates which are critical for the long-term fate of India's tiger populations,&quot; the WCS said in a media release.</p><p align="justify">India's population of tigers, presumed to be around 50,000 in the early 19th century, had dropped to 1,411 in 2006 before climbing to 1,706 in the 2010 census. In 1973, India had launched Project Tiger, a nationwide conservation effort to help protect the species and its habitat.</p><p align="justify">Karanth said the number of tigers has &quot;definitely gone up&quot;, adding that voluntary relocation of villages from core tiger areas, enhanced patrolling, and expanding tiger reserves had helped increase the numbers of tigers in several states.</p><p align="justify">But the WCS has cautioned that tigers now occupy less than 200,000sqkm from the 380,000sqkm that was once considered tiger territory. Of this 200,000sqkm, only 20 per cent of the area supports any reasonable tiger densities and account for 90 per cent of India's tigers.</p><p align="justify">India's tigers are scattered across several distinct regions, or landscapes - the Shivalik-Gangetic plains; Central India and the Eastern Ghats; the Western Ghats, the Northeastern Hills and the Brahmaputra flood plains, and the Sunderbans.</p><p align="justify">&quot;It is critical to expand the habitats holding the tiger source populations,&quot; the WCS said.</p><p align="justify">Karanth said other experts who have at various times questioned the double-sampling methodology include David Anderson, at the Colorado State University, James Nichols, at the US Geological Service, and Mohan Delampady at the Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore.</p>               </font>
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-The Telegraph
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;New Delhi: &lt;/em&gt;Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), a non-government partner that was involved in the tiger estimation exercise, said the &amp;quot;double-sampling&amp;quot; approach the Union environment and forests ministry adopted was &amp;quot;not the best currently available methodology&amp;quot; for this task.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The latest census, released by the ministry last week, has estimated that India has 2,226 tigers scattered across 47 reserve areas and adjacent patches of forests - a 30 per cent rise over four years.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;We believe the double-sampling methodology has some fundamental statistical flaws,&amp;quot; Ullas Karanth, director, WCS, India, told The Telegraph. &amp;quot;This is not a robust approach - it should be considered obsolete.&amp;quot;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The double-sampling strategy involves combining two sets of data to arrive at the estimate for tigers, either within a landscape or across the country. Scientists used 9,735 cameras to capture images of tigers in relatively small zones of tiger territories. They also asked forest guards to trudge across much wider areas, counting paw-marks and scat droppings to use them as proxy indicators of the presence of the big cats, and combined the data to arrive at the final estimates.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Karanth said the technique of combining the two sets of data - counts from camera traps and counts from indirect evidence of tigers - was based on a statistical approach proposed in 1938, but is viewed by many experts as not good enough to deliver reliable estimates for changes in numbers.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
He said a more reliable estimate was likely to emerge from the environment ministry&#039;s ongoing exercise to estimate the number of tigers in 30 to 40 major &amp;quot;source populations&amp;quot;, or areas where tigers are thriving and multiplying.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;These source populations hold over 90 per cent of all our tigers, and annual rigorous monitoring of these populations can yield more accurate tiger numbers, measure increases and decreases, and survival rates which are critical for the long-term fate of India&#039;s tiger populations,&amp;quot; the WCS said in a media release.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
India&#039;s population of tigers, presumed to be around 50,000 in the early 19th century, had dropped to 1,411 in 2006 before climbing to 1,706 in the 2010 census. In 1973, India had launched Project Tiger, a nationwide conservation effort to help protect the species and its habitat.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Karanth said the number of tigers has &amp;quot;definitely gone up&amp;quot;, adding that voluntary relocation of villages from core tiger areas, enhanced patrolling, and expanding tiger reserves had helped increase the numbers of tigers in several states.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
But the WCS has cautioned that tigers now occupy less than 200,000sqkm from the 380,000sqkm that was once considered tiger territory. Of this 200,000sqkm, only 20 per cent of the area supports any reasonable tiger densities and account for 90 per cent of India&#039;s tigers.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
India&#039;s tigers are scattered across several distinct regions, or landscapes - the Shivalik-Gangetic plains; Central India and the Eastern Ghats; the Western Ghats, the Northeastern Hills and the Brahmaputra flood plains, and the Sunderbans.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;It is critical to expand the habitats holding the tiger source populations,&amp;quot; the WCS said.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Karanth said other experts who have at various times questioned the double-sampling methodology include David Anderson, at the Colorado State University, James Nichols, at the US Geological Service, and Mohan Delampady at the Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore.
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-The Telegraph


New Delhi: Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.


The Wildlife...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Telegraph&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;New Delhi: &lt;/em&gt;Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), a non-government partner that was involved in the tiger estimation exercise, said the &amp;quot;double-sampling&amp;quot; approach the Union environment and forests ministry adopted was &amp;quot;not the best currently available methodology&amp;quot; for this task.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The latest census, released by the ministry last week, has estimated that India has 2,226 tigers scattered across 47 reserve areas and adjacent patches of forests - a 30 per cent rise over four years.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;We believe the double-sampling methodology has some fundamental statistical flaws,&amp;quot; Ullas Karanth, director, WCS, India, told The Telegraph. &amp;quot;This is not a robust approach - it should be considered obsolete.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The double-sampling strategy involves combining two sets of data to arrive at the estimate for tigers, either within a landscape or across the country. Scientists used 9,735 cameras to capture images of tigers in relatively small zones of tiger territories. They also asked forest guards to trudge across much wider areas, counting paw-marks and scat droppings to use them as proxy indicators of the presence of the big cats, and combined the data to arrive at the final estimates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Karanth said the technique of combining the two sets of data - counts from camera traps and counts from indirect evidence of tigers - was based on a statistical approach proposed in 1938, but is viewed by many experts as not good enough to deliver reliable estimates for changes in numbers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;He said a more reliable estimate was likely to emerge from the environment ministry&#039;s ongoing exercise to estimate the number of tigers in 30 to 40 major &amp;quot;source populations&amp;quot;, or areas where tigers are thriving and multiplying.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;These source populations hold over 90 per cent of all our tigers, and annual rigorous monitoring of these populations can yield more accurate tiger numbers, measure increases and decreases, and survival rates which are critical for the long-term fate of India&#039;s tiger populations,&amp;quot; the WCS said in a media release.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;India&#039;s population of tigers, presumed to be around 50,000 in the early 19th century, had dropped to 1,411 in 2006 before climbing to 1,706 in the 2010 census. In 1973, India had launched Project Tiger, a nationwide conservation effort to help protect the species and its habitat.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Karanth said the number of tigers has &amp;quot;definitely gone up&amp;quot;, adding that voluntary relocation of villages from core tiger areas, enhanced patrolling, and expanding tiger reserves had helped increase the numbers of tigers in several states.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;But the WCS has cautioned that tigers now occupy less than 200,000sqkm from the 380,000sqkm that was once considered tiger territory. Of this 200,000sqkm, only 20 per cent of the area supports any reasonable tiger densities and account for 90 per cent of India&#039;s tigers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;India&#039;s tigers are scattered across several distinct regions, or landscapes - the Shivalik-Gangetic plains; Central India and the Eastern Ghats; the Western Ghats, the Northeastern Hills and the Brahmaputra flood plains, and the Sunderbans.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;It is critical to expand the habitats holding the tiger source populations,&amp;quot; the WCS said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Karanth said other experts who have at various times questioned the double-sampling methodology include David Anderson, at the Colorado State University, James Nichols, at the US Geological Service, and Mohan Delampady at the Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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-The Telegraph
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;New Delhi: &lt;/em&gt;Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), a non-government partner that was involved in the tiger estimation exercise, said the &amp;quot;double-sampling&amp;quot; approach the Union environment and forests ministry adopted was &amp;quot;not the best currently available methodology&amp;quot; for this task.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The latest census, released by the ministry last week, has estimated that India has 2,226 tigers scattered across 47 reserve areas and adjacent patches of forests - a 30 per cent rise over four years.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;We believe the double-sampling methodology has some fundamental statistical flaws,&amp;quot; Ullas Karanth, director, WCS, India, told The Telegraph. &amp;quot;This is not a robust approach - it should be considered obsolete.&amp;quot;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The double-sampling strategy involves combining two sets of data to arrive at the estimate for tigers, either within a landscape or across the country. Scientists used 9,735 cameras to capture images of tigers in relatively small zones of tiger territories. They also asked forest guards to trudge across much wider areas, counting paw-marks and scat droppings to use them as proxy indicators of the presence of the big cats, and combined the data to arrive at the final estimates.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Karanth said the technique of combining the two sets of data - counts from camera traps and counts from indirect evidence of tigers - was based on a statistical approach proposed in 1938, but is viewed by many experts as not good enough to deliver reliable estimates for changes in numbers.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
He said a more reliable estimate was likely to emerge from the environment ministry&#039;s ongoing exercise to estimate the number of tigers in 30 to 40 major &amp;quot;source populations&amp;quot;, or areas where tigers are thriving and multiplying.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;These source populations hold over 90 per cent of all our tigers, and annual rigorous monitoring of these populations can yield more accurate tiger numbers, measure increases and decreases, and survival rates which are critical for the long-term fate of India&#039;s tiger populations,&amp;quot; the WCS said in a media release.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
India&#039;s population of tigers, presumed to be around 50,000 in the early 19th century, had dropped to 1,411 in 2006 before climbing to 1,706 in the 2010 census. In 1973, India had launched Project Tiger, a nationwide conservation effort to help protect the species and its habitat.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Karanth said the number of tigers has &amp;quot;definitely gone up&amp;quot;, adding that voluntary relocation of villages from core tiger areas, enhanced patrolling, and expanding tiger reserves had helped increase the numbers of tigers in several states.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
But the WCS has cautioned that tigers now occupy less than 200,000sqkm from the 380,000sqkm that was once considered tiger territory. Of this 200,000sqkm, only 20 per cent of the area supports any reasonable tiger densities and account for 90 per cent of India&#039;s tigers.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
India&#039;s tigers are scattered across several distinct regions, or landscapes - the Shivalik-Gangetic plains; Central India and the Eastern Ghats; the Western Ghats, the Northeastern Hills and the Brahmaputra flood plains, and the Sunderbans.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;It is critical to expand the habitats holding the tiger source populations,&amp;quot; the WCS said.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Karanth said other experts who have at various times questioned the double-sampling methodology include David Anderson, at the Colorado State University, James Nichols, at the US Geological Service, and Mohan Delampady at the Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore.
&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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-The Telegraph


New Delhi: Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.


The Wildlife...&#039;
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-The Telegraph


New Delhi: Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.


The Wildlife..."/>
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                <strong>Tiger census</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Telegraph</div><p align="justify"><em>New Delhi: </em>Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.</p><p align="justify">The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), a non-government partner that was involved in the tiger estimation exercise, said the &quot;double-sampling&quot; approach the Union environment and forests ministry adopted was &quot;not the best currently available methodology&quot; for this task.</p><p align="justify">The latest census, released by the ministry last week, has estimated that India has 2,226 tigers scattered across 47 reserve areas and adjacent patches of forests - a 30 per cent rise over four years.</p><p align="justify">&quot;We believe the double-sampling methodology has some fundamental statistical flaws,&quot; Ullas Karanth, director, WCS, India, told The Telegraph. &quot;This is not a robust approach - it should be considered obsolete.&quot;</p><p align="justify">The double-sampling strategy involves combining two sets of data to arrive at the estimate for tigers, either within a landscape or across the country. Scientists used 9,735 cameras to capture images of tigers in relatively small zones of tiger territories. They also asked forest guards to trudge across much wider areas, counting paw-marks and scat droppings to use them as proxy indicators of the presence of the big cats, and combined the data to arrive at the final estimates.</p><p align="justify">Karanth said the technique of combining the two sets of data - counts from camera traps and counts from indirect evidence of tigers - was based on a statistical approach proposed in 1938, but is viewed by many experts as not good enough to deliver reliable estimates for changes in numbers.</p><p align="justify">He said a more reliable estimate was likely to emerge from the environment ministry's ongoing exercise to estimate the number of tigers in 30 to 40 major &quot;source populations&quot;, or areas where tigers are thriving and multiplying.</p><p align="justify">&quot;These source populations hold over 90 per cent of all our tigers, and annual rigorous monitoring of these populations can yield more accurate tiger numbers, measure increases and decreases, and survival rates which are critical for the long-term fate of India's tiger populations,&quot; the WCS said in a media release.</p><p align="justify">India's population of tigers, presumed to be around 50,000 in the early 19th century, had dropped to 1,411 in 2006 before climbing to 1,706 in the 2010 census. In 1973, India had launched Project Tiger, a nationwide conservation effort to help protect the species and its habitat.</p><p align="justify">Karanth said the number of tigers has &quot;definitely gone up&quot;, adding that voluntary relocation of villages from core tiger areas, enhanced patrolling, and expanding tiger reserves had helped increase the numbers of tigers in several states.</p><p align="justify">But the WCS has cautioned that tigers now occupy less than 200,000sqkm from the 380,000sqkm that was once considered tiger territory. Of this 200,000sqkm, only 20 per cent of the area supports any reasonable tiger densities and account for 90 per cent of India's tigers.</p><p align="justify">India's tigers are scattered across several distinct regions, or landscapes - the Shivalik-Gangetic plains; Central India and the Eastern Ghats; the Western Ghats, the Northeastern Hills and the Brahmaputra flood plains, and the Sunderbans.</p><p align="justify">&quot;It is critical to expand the habitats holding the tiger source populations,&quot; the WCS said.</p><p align="justify">Karanth said other experts who have at various times questioned the double-sampling methodology include David Anderson, at the Colorado State University, James Nichols, at the US Geological Service, and Mohan Delampady at the Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore.</p>               </font>
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-The Telegraph
</div>
<p align="justify">
<em>New Delhi: </em>Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), a non-government partner that was involved in the tiger estimation exercise, said the &quot;double-sampling&quot; approach the Union environment and forests ministry adopted was &quot;not the best currently available methodology&quot; for this task.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The latest census, released by the ministry last week, has estimated that India has 2,226 tigers scattered across 47 reserve areas and adjacent patches of forests - a 30 per cent rise over four years.
</p>
<p align="justify">
&quot;We believe the double-sampling methodology has some fundamental statistical flaws,&quot; Ullas Karanth, director, WCS, India, told The Telegraph. &quot;This is not a robust approach - it should be considered obsolete.&quot;
</p>
<p align="justify">
The double-sampling strategy involves combining two sets of data to arrive at the estimate for tigers, either within a landscape or across the country. Scientists used 9,735 cameras to capture images of tigers in relatively small zones of tiger territories. They also asked forest guards to trudge across much wider areas, counting paw-marks and scat droppings to use them as proxy indicators of the presence of the big cats, and combined the data to arrive at the final estimates.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Karanth said the technique of combining the two sets of data - counts from camera traps and counts from indirect evidence of tigers - was based on a statistical approach proposed in 1938, but is viewed by many experts as not good enough to deliver reliable estimates for changes in numbers.
</p>
<p align="justify">
He said a more reliable estimate was likely to emerge from the environment ministry's ongoing exercise to estimate the number of tigers in 30 to 40 major &quot;source populations&quot;, or areas where tigers are thriving and multiplying.
</p>
<p align="justify">
&quot;These source populations hold over 90 per cent of all our tigers, and annual rigorous monitoring of these populations can yield more accurate tiger numbers, measure increases and decreases, and survival rates which are critical for the long-term fate of India's tiger populations,&quot; the WCS said in a media release.
</p>
<p align="justify">
India's population of tigers, presumed to be around 50,000 in the early 19th century, had dropped to 1,411 in 2006 before climbing to 1,706 in the 2010 census. In 1973, India had launched Project Tiger, a nationwide conservation effort to help protect the species and its habitat.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Karanth said the number of tigers has &quot;definitely gone up&quot;, adding that voluntary relocation of villages from core tiger areas, enhanced patrolling, and expanding tiger reserves had helped increase the numbers of tigers in several states.
</p>
<p align="justify">
But the WCS has cautioned that tigers now occupy less than 200,000sqkm from the 380,000sqkm that was once considered tiger territory. Of this 200,000sqkm, only 20 per cent of the area supports any reasonable tiger densities and account for 90 per cent of India's tigers.
</p>
<p align="justify">
India's tigers are scattered across several distinct regions, or landscapes - the Shivalik-Gangetic plains; Central India and the Eastern Ghats; the Western Ghats, the Northeastern Hills and the Brahmaputra flood plains, and the Sunderbans.
</p>
<p align="justify">
&quot;It is critical to expand the habitats holding the tiger source populations,&quot; the WCS said.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Karanth said other experts who have at various times questioned the double-sampling methodology include David Anderson, at the Colorado State University, James Nichols, at the US Geological Service, and Mohan Delampady at the Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore.
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-The Telegraph


New Delhi: Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.


The Wildlife...',
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-The Telegraph
</div>
<p align="justify">
<em>New Delhi: </em>Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), a non-government partner that was involved in the tiger estimation exercise, said the &quot;double-sampling&quot; approach the Union environment and forests ministry adopted was &quot;not the best currently available methodology&quot; for this task.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The latest census, released by the ministry last week, has estimated that India has 2,226 tigers scattered across 47 reserve areas and adjacent patches of forests - a 30 per cent rise over four years.
</p>
<p align="justify">
&quot;We believe the double-sampling methodology has some fundamental statistical flaws,&quot; Ullas Karanth, director, WCS, India, told The Telegraph. &quot;This is not a robust approach - it should be considered obsolete.&quot;
</p>
<p align="justify">
The double-sampling strategy involves combining two sets of data to arrive at the estimate for tigers, either within a landscape or across the country. Scientists used 9,735 cameras to capture images of tigers in relatively small zones of tiger territories. They also asked forest guards to trudge across much wider areas, counting paw-marks and scat droppings to use them as proxy indicators of the presence of the big cats, and combined the data to arrive at the final estimates.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Karanth said the technique of combining the two sets of data - counts from camera traps and counts from indirect evidence of tigers - was based on a statistical approach proposed in 1938, but is viewed by many experts as not good enough to deliver reliable estimates for changes in numbers.
</p>
<p align="justify">
He said a more reliable estimate was likely to emerge from the environment ministry's ongoing exercise to estimate the number of tigers in 30 to 40 major &quot;source populations&quot;, or areas where tigers are thriving and multiplying.
</p>
<p align="justify">
&quot;These source populations hold over 90 per cent of all our tigers, and annual rigorous monitoring of these populations can yield more accurate tiger numbers, measure increases and decreases, and survival rates which are critical for the long-term fate of India's tiger populations,&quot; the WCS said in a media release.
</p>
<p align="justify">
India's population of tigers, presumed to be around 50,000 in the early 19th century, had dropped to 1,411 in 2006 before climbing to 1,706 in the 2010 census. In 1973, India had launched Project Tiger, a nationwide conservation effort to help protect the species and its habitat.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Karanth said the number of tigers has &quot;definitely gone up&quot;, adding that voluntary relocation of villages from core tiger areas, enhanced patrolling, and expanding tiger reserves had helped increase the numbers of tigers in several states.
</p>
<p align="justify">
But the WCS has cautioned that tigers now occupy less than 200,000sqkm from the 380,000sqkm that was once considered tiger territory. Of this 200,000sqkm, only 20 per cent of the area supports any reasonable tiger densities and account for 90 per cent of India's tigers.
</p>
<p align="justify">
India's tigers are scattered across several distinct regions, or landscapes - the Shivalik-Gangetic plains; Central India and the Eastern Ghats; the Western Ghats, the Northeastern Hills and the Brahmaputra flood plains, and the Sunderbans.
</p>
<p align="justify">
&quot;It is critical to expand the habitats holding the tiger source populations,&quot; the WCS said.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Karanth said other experts who have at various times questioned the double-sampling methodology include David Anderson, at the Colorado State University, James Nichols, at the US Geological Service, and Mohan Delampady at the Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore.
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$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Tiger census'
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-The Telegraph


New Delhi: Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.


The Wildlife...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-The Telegraph</div><p align="justify"><em>New Delhi: </em>Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country.</p><p align="justify">The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), a non-government partner that was involved in the tiger estimation exercise, said the &quot;double-sampling&quot; approach the Union environment and forests ministry adopted was &quot;not the best currently available methodology&quot; for this task.</p><p align="justify">The latest census, released by the ministry last week, has estimated that India has 2,226 tigers scattered across 47 reserve areas and adjacent patches of forests - a 30 per cent rise over four years.</p><p align="justify">&quot;We believe the double-sampling methodology has some fundamental statistical flaws,&quot; Ullas Karanth, director, WCS, India, told The Telegraph. &quot;This is not a robust approach - it should be considered obsolete.&quot;</p><p align="justify">The double-sampling strategy involves combining two sets of data to arrive at the estimate for tigers, either within a landscape or across the country. Scientists used 9,735 cameras to capture images of tigers in relatively small zones of tiger territories. They also asked forest guards to trudge across much wider areas, counting paw-marks and scat droppings to use them as proxy indicators of the presence of the big cats, and combined the data to arrive at the final estimates.</p><p align="justify">Karanth said the technique of combining the two sets of data - counts from camera traps and counts from indirect evidence of tigers - was based on a statistical approach proposed in 1938, but is viewed by many experts as not good enough to deliver reliable estimates for changes in numbers.</p><p align="justify">He said a more reliable estimate was likely to emerge from the environment ministry's ongoing exercise to estimate the number of tigers in 30 to 40 major &quot;source populations&quot;, or areas where tigers are thriving and multiplying.</p><p align="justify">&quot;These source populations hold over 90 per cent of all our tigers, and annual rigorous monitoring of these populations can yield more accurate tiger numbers, measure increases and decreases, and survival rates which are critical for the long-term fate of India's tiger populations,&quot; the WCS said in a media release.</p><p align="justify">India's population of tigers, presumed to be around 50,000 in the early 19th century, had dropped to 1,411 in 2006 before climbing to 1,706 in the 2010 census. In 1973, India had launched Project Tiger, a nationwide conservation effort to help protect the species and its habitat.</p><p align="justify">Karanth said the number of tigers has &quot;definitely gone up&quot;, adding that voluntary relocation of villages from core tiger areas, enhanced patrolling, and expanding tiger reserves had helped increase the numbers of tigers in several states.</p><p align="justify">But the WCS has cautioned that tigers now occupy less than 200,000sqkm from the 380,000sqkm that was once considered tiger territory. Of this 200,000sqkm, only 20 per cent of the area supports any reasonable tiger densities and account for 90 per cent of India's tigers.</p><p align="justify">India's tigers are scattered across several distinct regions, or landscapes - the Shivalik-Gangetic plains; Central India and the Eastern Ghats; the Western Ghats, the Northeastern Hills and the Brahmaputra flood plains, and the Sunderbans.</p><p align="justify">&quot;It is critical to expand the habitats holding the tiger source populations,&quot; the WCS said.</p><p align="justify">Karanth said other experts who have at various times questioned the double-sampling methodology include David Anderson, at the Colorado State University, James Nichols, at the US Geological Service, and Mohan Delampady at the Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore.</p>'
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Tiger census

-The Telegraph New Delhi: Sections of wildlife biologists have questioned the methodology India has adopted for its tiger census, saying it does not yield results to accurately measure changes in numbers either within a particular region or across the country. The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), a non-government partner that was involved in the tiger estimation exercise, said the "double-sampling" approach the Union environment and forests ministry adopted was "not the best currently available methodology" for this task. The latest census, released by the ministry last week, has estimated that India has 2,226 tigers scattered across 47 reserve areas and adjacent patches of forests - a 30 per cent rise over four years. "We believe the double-sampling methodology has some fundamental statistical flaws," Ullas Karanth, director, WCS, India, told The Telegraph. "This is not a robust approach - it should be considered obsolete." The double-sampling strategy involves combining two sets of data to arrive at the estimate for tigers, either within a landscape or across the country. Scientists used 9,735 cameras to capture images of tigers in relatively small zones of tiger territories. They also asked forest guards to trudge across much wider areas, counting paw-marks and scat droppings to use them as proxy indicators of the presence of the big cats, and combined the data to arrive at the final estimates. Karanth said the technique of combining the two sets of data - counts from camera traps and counts from indirect evidence of tigers - was based on a statistical approach proposed in 1938, but is viewed by many experts as not good enough to deliver reliable estimates for changes in numbers. He said a more reliable estimate was likely to emerge from the environment ministry's ongoing exercise to estimate the number of tigers in 30 to 40 major "source populations", or areas where tigers are thriving and multiplying. "These source populations hold over 90 per cent of all our tigers, and annual rigorous monitoring of these populations can yield more accurate tiger numbers, measure increases and decreases, and survival rates which are critical for the long-term fate of India's tiger populations," the WCS said in a media release. India's population of tigers, presumed to be around 50,000 in the early 19th century, had dropped to 1,411 in 2006 before climbing to 1,706 in the 2010 census. In 1973, India had launched Project Tiger, a nationwide conservation effort to help protect the species and its habitat. Karanth said the number of tigers has "definitely gone up", adding that voluntary relocation of villages from core tiger areas, enhanced patrolling, and expanding tiger reserves had helped increase the numbers of tigers in several states. But the WCS has cautioned that tigers now occupy less than 200,000sqkm from the 380,000sqkm that was once considered tiger territory. Of this 200,000sqkm, only 20 per cent of the area supports any reasonable tiger densities and account for 90 per cent of India's tigers. India's tigers are scattered across several distinct regions, or landscapes - the Shivalik-Gangetic plains; Central India and the Eastern Ghats; the Western Ghats, the Northeastern Hills and the Brahmaputra flood plains, and the Sunderbans. "It is critical to expand the habitats holding the tiger source populations," the WCS said. Karanth said other experts who have at various times questioned the double-sampling methodology include David Anderson, at the Colorado State University, James Nichols, at the US Geological Service, and Mohan Delampady at the Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore.