Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The headline in a recent PTI report &amp;ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&amp;rdquo;&amp;rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores. The headline was both exciting and hurtful. Excited by it, I contacted Professor Madhu Verma of the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, and she shared with me both a detailed report of 2015 titled: &amp;ldquo;Economic Evaluation of Tiger Reserves in India: A VALUE + Approach&amp;rdquo; (available free on the net as NTCA_Report 2015.pdf) and their recent research publication: &amp;ldquo;Making the Hidden Visible: Economic Valuation of Tiger Reserves in India&amp;rdquo; which appeared in the journal Ecosystem Services; 26 (2017): 236-244. Both were eye openers!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Putting a price on Nature and commodifying it may hurt our sensibilities. On the other hand, the authors of the above paper point out that an economic analysis helps in determining the quantity of goods such as fuel wood, and fodder that can be allowed for extraction by local communities, based on trade-offs with other services. Such economic analysis also highlights why such &amp;ldquo;large&amp;rdquo; areas are reserved for preserving fierce animals like the tiger, when we need more land for human use.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What is the total amount of land set apart for the 18 ranges as tiger reserves? It is 68,000 square km, which is about 2% of the area of India &amp;ndash; set apart for the nation&amp;rsquo;s pride animal. A tiger reserve is not just for the tiger. The six reserves (Corbett, Kanha, Kaziranga, Periyar, Ranthambore, Sunderbans) that the team has studied house many other animals such as the elephant, rhino, langur, barasingha, mongoose, river dolphin, olive ridley turtle, crocodile &amp;mdash; not to speak of the millions of herbs, plants and trees.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What is the point in saving tigers?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Why save this ferocious animal at all? Tigers are what conservationists call &amp;ldquo;umbrella&amp;rdquo; species. By saving them, we save everything beneath their ecological umbrella - everything connected to them - including the world&#039;s last great forests, whose carbon storage mitigates climate change. Vidya Venkat has written more about it in this newspaper of April 17, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What all does a tiger reserve offer? The 2017 paper above lists the following: (1) employment generation, (2) agriculture (incidentally the famous IR-8 rice was discovered from the wild rice plants found in one such reserve), (3) fishing, (4) fuel wood, (5) fodder and grazing, (6) timber, (7) pollination of plants, (8) kendu leaves, (9) carbon storage and sequestration (vital for climate protection against global warming), (10) water and its purification by filtering organic wastes, (11) soil conservation, (12) nutrient cycling, and (13) moderation of extreme events such as cyclone storms, flash floods. Add to these cultural ones like tourism, education, research and development, and spiritual ones (like visiting temples within some of them).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The approach, termed VALUE+, that the group uses has two components. The VALUE part indicates that the annual cost of putting together and maintaining the above six tiger reserves is about Rs. 23 crores. But then, what about the &amp;ldquo;flow benefits&amp;rdquo;? Take the Periyar Tiger Reserve as an example. VALUE estimates that this Reserve generates Rs. 17.6 billion (or Rs. 1.9 lakhs per hectare) per year. How? For example it helps provide water to Tamilnadu districts, amount to Rs. 4.05 billions /year. Or, take the famous Corbett Park (which is supposed to have the &amp;ldquo;maneaters of Kumaon&amp;rdquo;). Its flow benefit per year is Rs. 14.7 billion (Rs. 1.14 lakhs per hectare). And it provides water to some parts of Uttar Pradesh (at Rs. 1.61 billion per year) and Delhi (Rs. 530 million per year). In effect, the ratio of benefits to management costs is anywhere from 200 to 530. It is worth investing and managing reserves! And the + sign part in the study highlights benefits for which a monetary number is currently not possible (such as the &amp;ldquo;umbrella&amp;rdquo; mentioned above).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Hindu, 22 July, 2017, http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece&#039;,
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-The Hindu

The headline in a recent PTI report &amp;ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&amp;rdquo;&amp;rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores....&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The headline in a recent PTI report &amp;ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&amp;rdquo;&amp;rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores. The headline was both exciting and hurtful. Excited by it, I contacted Professor Madhu Verma of the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, and she shared with me both a detailed report of 2015 titled: &amp;ldquo;Economic Evaluation of Tiger Reserves in India: A VALUE + Approach&amp;rdquo; (available free on the net as NTCA_Report 2015.pdf) and their recent research publication: &amp;ldquo;Making the Hidden Visible: Economic Valuation of Tiger Reserves in India&amp;rdquo; which appeared in the journal Ecosystem Services; 26 (2017): 236-244. Both were eye openers!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Putting a price on Nature and commodifying it may hurt our sensibilities. On the other hand, the authors of the above paper point out that an economic analysis helps in determining the quantity of goods such as fuel wood, and fodder that can be allowed for extraction by local communities, based on trade-offs with other services. Such economic analysis also highlights why such &amp;ldquo;large&amp;rdquo; areas are reserved for preserving fierce animals like the tiger, when we need more land for human use.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What is the total amount of land set apart for the 18 ranges as tiger reserves? It is 68,000 square km, which is about 2% of the area of India &amp;ndash; set apart for the nation&amp;rsquo;s pride animal. A tiger reserve is not just for the tiger. The six reserves (Corbett, Kanha, Kaziranga, Periyar, Ranthambore, Sunderbans) that the team has studied house many other animals such as the elephant, rhino, langur, barasingha, mongoose, river dolphin, olive ridley turtle, crocodile &amp;mdash; not to speak of the millions of herbs, plants and trees.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What is the point in saving tigers?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why save this ferocious animal at all? Tigers are what conservationists call &amp;ldquo;umbrella&amp;rdquo; species. By saving them, we save everything beneath their ecological umbrella - everything connected to them - including the world&#039;s last great forests, whose carbon storage mitigates climate change. Vidya Venkat has written more about it in this newspaper of April 17, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What all does a tiger reserve offer? The 2017 paper above lists the following: (1) employment generation, (2) agriculture (incidentally the famous IR-8 rice was discovered from the wild rice plants found in one such reserve), (3) fishing, (4) fuel wood, (5) fodder and grazing, (6) timber, (7) pollination of plants, (8) kendu leaves, (9) carbon storage and sequestration (vital for climate protection against global warming), (10) water and its purification by filtering organic wastes, (11) soil conservation, (12) nutrient cycling, and (13) moderation of extreme events such as cyclone storms, flash floods. Add to these cultural ones like tourism, education, research and development, and spiritual ones (like visiting temples within some of them).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The approach, termed VALUE+, that the group uses has two components. The VALUE part indicates that the annual cost of putting together and maintaining the above six tiger reserves is about Rs. 23 crores. But then, what about the &amp;ldquo;flow benefits&amp;rdquo;? Take the Periyar Tiger Reserve as an example. VALUE estimates that this Reserve generates Rs. 17.6 billion (or Rs. 1.9 lakhs per hectare) per year. How? For example it helps provide water to Tamilnadu districts, amount to Rs. 4.05 billions /year. Or, take the famous Corbett Park (which is supposed to have the &amp;ldquo;maneaters of Kumaon&amp;rdquo;). Its flow benefit per year is Rs. 14.7 billion (Rs. 1.14 lakhs per hectare). And it provides water to some parts of Uttar Pradesh (at Rs. 1.61 billion per year) and Delhi (Rs. 530 million per year). In effect, the ratio of benefits to management costs is anywhere from 200 to 530. It is worth investing and managing reserves! And the + sign part in the study highlights benefits for which a monetary number is currently not possible (such as the &amp;ldquo;umbrella&amp;rdquo; mentioned above).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The headline in a recent PTI report &amp;ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&amp;rdquo;&amp;rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores. The headline was both exciting and hurtful. Excited by it, I contacted Professor Madhu Verma of the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, and she shared with me both a detailed report of 2015 titled: &amp;ldquo;Economic Evaluation of Tiger Reserves in India: A VALUE + Approach&amp;rdquo; (available free on the net as NTCA_Report 2015.pdf) and their recent research publication: &amp;ldquo;Making the Hidden Visible: Economic Valuation of Tiger Reserves in India&amp;rdquo; which appeared in the journal Ecosystem Services; 26 (2017): 236-244. Both were eye openers!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Putting a price on Nature and commodifying it may hurt our sensibilities. On the other hand, the authors of the above paper point out that an economic analysis helps in determining the quantity of goods such as fuel wood, and fodder that can be allowed for extraction by local communities, based on trade-offs with other services. Such economic analysis also highlights why such &amp;ldquo;large&amp;rdquo; areas are reserved for preserving fierce animals like the tiger, when we need more land for human use.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What is the total amount of land set apart for the 18 ranges as tiger reserves? It is 68,000 square km, which is about 2% of the area of India &amp;ndash; set apart for the nation&amp;rsquo;s pride animal. A tiger reserve is not just for the tiger. The six reserves (Corbett, Kanha, Kaziranga, Periyar, Ranthambore, Sunderbans) that the team has studied house many other animals such as the elephant, rhino, langur, barasingha, mongoose, river dolphin, olive ridley turtle, crocodile &amp;mdash; not to speak of the millions of herbs, plants and trees.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What is the point in saving tigers?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Why save this ferocious animal at all? Tigers are what conservationists call &amp;ldquo;umbrella&amp;rdquo; species. By saving them, we save everything beneath their ecological umbrella - everything connected to them - including the world&#039;s last great forests, whose carbon storage mitigates climate change. Vidya Venkat has written more about it in this newspaper of April 17, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What all does a tiger reserve offer? The 2017 paper above lists the following: (1) employment generation, (2) agriculture (incidentally the famous IR-8 rice was discovered from the wild rice plants found in one such reserve), (3) fishing, (4) fuel wood, (5) fodder and grazing, (6) timber, (7) pollination of plants, (8) kendu leaves, (9) carbon storage and sequestration (vital for climate protection against global warming), (10) water and its purification by filtering organic wastes, (11) soil conservation, (12) nutrient cycling, and (13) moderation of extreme events such as cyclone storms, flash floods. Add to these cultural ones like tourism, education, research and development, and spiritual ones (like visiting temples within some of them).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The approach, termed VALUE+, that the group uses has two components. The VALUE part indicates that the annual cost of putting together and maintaining the above six tiger reserves is about Rs. 23 crores. But then, what about the &amp;ldquo;flow benefits&amp;rdquo;? Take the Periyar Tiger Reserve as an example. VALUE estimates that this Reserve generates Rs. 17.6 billion (or Rs. 1.9 lakhs per hectare) per year. How? For example it helps provide water to Tamilnadu districts, amount to Rs. 4.05 billions /year. Or, take the famous Corbett Park (which is supposed to have the &amp;ldquo;maneaters of Kumaon&amp;rdquo;). Its flow benefit per year is Rs. 14.7 billion (Rs. 1.14 lakhs per hectare). And it provides water to some parts of Uttar Pradesh (at Rs. 1.61 billion per year) and Delhi (Rs. 530 million per year). In effect, the ratio of benefits to management costs is anywhere from 200 to 530. It is worth investing and managing reserves! And the + sign part in the study highlights benefits for which a monetary number is currently not possible (such as the &amp;ldquo;umbrella&amp;rdquo; mentioned above).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Hindu, 22 July, 2017, http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece&#039;,
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-The Hindu

The headline in a recent PTI report &amp;ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&amp;rdquo;&amp;rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores....&#039;
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-The Hindu

The headline in a recent PTI report &ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&rdquo;&rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores...."/>
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                <strong>Tiger reserves: Economic and environmental win-win -D Balasubramanian</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Hindu<br /><br />The headline in a recent PTI report &ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&rdquo;&rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores. The headline was both exciting and hurtful. Excited by it, I contacted Professor Madhu Verma of the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, and she shared with me both a detailed report of 2015 titled: &ldquo;Economic Evaluation of Tiger Reserves in India: A VALUE + Approach&rdquo; (available free on the net as NTCA_Report 2015.pdf) and their recent research publication: &ldquo;Making the Hidden Visible: Economic Valuation of Tiger Reserves in India&rdquo; which appeared in the journal Ecosystem Services; 26 (2017): 236-244. Both were eye openers!<br /><br />Putting a price on Nature and commodifying it may hurt our sensibilities. On the other hand, the authors of the above paper point out that an economic analysis helps in determining the quantity of goods such as fuel wood, and fodder that can be allowed for extraction by local communities, based on trade-offs with other services. Such economic analysis also highlights why such &ldquo;large&rdquo; areas are reserved for preserving fierce animals like the tiger, when we need more land for human use.<br /><br />What is the total amount of land set apart for the 18 ranges as tiger reserves? It is 68,000 square km, which is about 2% of the area of India &ndash; set apart for the nation&rsquo;s pride animal. A tiger reserve is not just for the tiger. The six reserves (Corbett, Kanha, Kaziranga, Periyar, Ranthambore, Sunderbans) that the team has studied house many other animals such as the elephant, rhino, langur, barasingha, mongoose, river dolphin, olive ridley turtle, crocodile &mdash; not to speak of the millions of herbs, plants and trees.<br /><br />What is the point in saving tigers?<br /><br />Why save this ferocious animal at all? Tigers are what conservationists call &ldquo;umbrella&rdquo; species. By saving them, we save everything beneath their ecological umbrella - everything connected to them - including the world's last great forests, whose carbon storage mitigates climate change. Vidya Venkat has written more about it in this newspaper of April 17, 2016.<br /><br />What all does a tiger reserve offer? The 2017 paper above lists the following: (1) employment generation, (2) agriculture (incidentally the famous IR-8 rice was discovered from the wild rice plants found in one such reserve), (3) fishing, (4) fuel wood, (5) fodder and grazing, (6) timber, (7) pollination of plants, (8) kendu leaves, (9) carbon storage and sequestration (vital for climate protection against global warming), (10) water and its purification by filtering organic wastes, (11) soil conservation, (12) nutrient cycling, and (13) moderation of extreme events such as cyclone storms, flash floods. Add to these cultural ones like tourism, education, research and development, and spiritual ones (like visiting temples within some of them).<br /><br />The approach, termed VALUE+, that the group uses has two components. The VALUE part indicates that the annual cost of putting together and maintaining the above six tiger reserves is about Rs. 23 crores. But then, what about the &ldquo;flow benefits&rdquo;? Take the Periyar Tiger Reserve as an example. VALUE estimates that this Reserve generates Rs. 17.6 billion (or Rs. 1.9 lakhs per hectare) per year. How? For example it helps provide water to Tamilnadu districts, amount to Rs. 4.05 billions /year. Or, take the famous Corbett Park (which is supposed to have the &ldquo;maneaters of Kumaon&rdquo;). Its flow benefit per year is Rs. 14.7 billion (Rs. 1.14 lakhs per hectare). And it provides water to some parts of Uttar Pradesh (at Rs. 1.61 billion per year) and Delhi (Rs. 530 million per year). In effect, the ratio of benefits to management costs is anywhere from 200 to 530. It is worth investing and managing reserves! And the + sign part in the study highlights benefits for which a monetary number is currently not possible (such as the &ldquo;umbrella&rdquo; mentioned above).<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece" title="http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The headline in a recent PTI report &amp;ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&amp;rdquo;&amp;rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores. The headline was both exciting and hurtful. Excited by it, I contacted Professor Madhu Verma of the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, and she shared with me both a detailed report of 2015 titled: &amp;ldquo;Economic Evaluation of Tiger Reserves in India: A VALUE + Approach&amp;rdquo; (available free on the net as NTCA_Report 2015.pdf) and their recent research publication: &amp;ldquo;Making the Hidden Visible: Economic Valuation of Tiger Reserves in India&amp;rdquo; which appeared in the journal Ecosystem Services; 26 (2017): 236-244. Both were eye openers!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Putting a price on Nature and commodifying it may hurt our sensibilities. On the other hand, the authors of the above paper point out that an economic analysis helps in determining the quantity of goods such as fuel wood, and fodder that can be allowed for extraction by local communities, based on trade-offs with other services. Such economic analysis also highlights why such &amp;ldquo;large&amp;rdquo; areas are reserved for preserving fierce animals like the tiger, when we need more land for human use.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What is the total amount of land set apart for the 18 ranges as tiger reserves? It is 68,000 square km, which is about 2% of the area of India &amp;ndash; set apart for the nation&amp;rsquo;s pride animal. A tiger reserve is not just for the tiger. The six reserves (Corbett, Kanha, Kaziranga, Periyar, Ranthambore, Sunderbans) that the team has studied house many other animals such as the elephant, rhino, langur, barasingha, mongoose, river dolphin, olive ridley turtle, crocodile &amp;mdash; not to speak of the millions of herbs, plants and trees.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What is the point in saving tigers?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Why save this ferocious animal at all? Tigers are what conservationists call &amp;ldquo;umbrella&amp;rdquo; species. By saving them, we save everything beneath their ecological umbrella - everything connected to them - including the world&#039;s last great forests, whose carbon storage mitigates climate change. Vidya Venkat has written more about it in this newspaper of April 17, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What all does a tiger reserve offer? The 2017 paper above lists the following: (1) employment generation, (2) agriculture (incidentally the famous IR-8 rice was discovered from the wild rice plants found in one such reserve), (3) fishing, (4) fuel wood, (5) fodder and grazing, (6) timber, (7) pollination of plants, (8) kendu leaves, (9) carbon storage and sequestration (vital for climate protection against global warming), (10) water and its purification by filtering organic wastes, (11) soil conservation, (12) nutrient cycling, and (13) moderation of extreme events such as cyclone storms, flash floods. Add to these cultural ones like tourism, education, research and development, and spiritual ones (like visiting temples within some of them).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The approach, termed VALUE+, that the group uses has two components. The VALUE part indicates that the annual cost of putting together and maintaining the above six tiger reserves is about Rs. 23 crores. But then, what about the &amp;ldquo;flow benefits&amp;rdquo;? Take the Periyar Tiger Reserve as an example. VALUE estimates that this Reserve generates Rs. 17.6 billion (or Rs. 1.9 lakhs per hectare) per year. How? For example it helps provide water to Tamilnadu districts, amount to Rs. 4.05 billions /year. Or, take the famous Corbett Park (which is supposed to have the &amp;ldquo;maneaters of Kumaon&amp;rdquo;). Its flow benefit per year is Rs. 14.7 billion (Rs. 1.14 lakhs per hectare). And it provides water to some parts of Uttar Pradesh (at Rs. 1.61 billion per year) and Delhi (Rs. 530 million per year). In effect, the ratio of benefits to management costs is anywhere from 200 to 530. It is worth investing and managing reserves! And the + sign part in the study highlights benefits for which a monetary number is currently not possible (such as the &amp;ldquo;umbrella&amp;rdquo; mentioned above).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-The Hindu

The headline in a recent PTI report &amp;ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&amp;rdquo;&amp;rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores....&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The headline in a recent PTI report &amp;ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&amp;rdquo;&amp;rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores. The headline was both exciting and hurtful. Excited by it, I contacted Professor Madhu Verma of the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, and she shared with me both a detailed report of 2015 titled: &amp;ldquo;Economic Evaluation of Tiger Reserves in India: A VALUE + Approach&amp;rdquo; (available free on the net as NTCA_Report 2015.pdf) and their recent research publication: &amp;ldquo;Making the Hidden Visible: Economic Valuation of Tiger Reserves in India&amp;rdquo; which appeared in the journal Ecosystem Services; 26 (2017): 236-244. Both were eye openers!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Putting a price on Nature and commodifying it may hurt our sensibilities. On the other hand, the authors of the above paper point out that an economic analysis helps in determining the quantity of goods such as fuel wood, and fodder that can be allowed for extraction by local communities, based on trade-offs with other services. Such economic analysis also highlights why such &amp;ldquo;large&amp;rdquo; areas are reserved for preserving fierce animals like the tiger, when we need more land for human use.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What is the total amount of land set apart for the 18 ranges as tiger reserves? It is 68,000 square km, which is about 2% of the area of India &amp;ndash; set apart for the nation&amp;rsquo;s pride animal. A tiger reserve is not just for the tiger. The six reserves (Corbett, Kanha, Kaziranga, Periyar, Ranthambore, Sunderbans) that the team has studied house many other animals such as the elephant, rhino, langur, barasingha, mongoose, river dolphin, olive ridley turtle, crocodile &amp;mdash; not to speak of the millions of herbs, plants and trees.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What is the point in saving tigers?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why save this ferocious animal at all? Tigers are what conservationists call &amp;ldquo;umbrella&amp;rdquo; species. By saving them, we save everything beneath their ecological umbrella - everything connected to them - including the world&#039;s last great forests, whose carbon storage mitigates climate change. Vidya Venkat has written more about it in this newspaper of April 17, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What all does a tiger reserve offer? The 2017 paper above lists the following: (1) employment generation, (2) agriculture (incidentally the famous IR-8 rice was discovered from the wild rice plants found in one such reserve), (3) fishing, (4) fuel wood, (5) fodder and grazing, (6) timber, (7) pollination of plants, (8) kendu leaves, (9) carbon storage and sequestration (vital for climate protection against global warming), (10) water and its purification by filtering organic wastes, (11) soil conservation, (12) nutrient cycling, and (13) moderation of extreme events such as cyclone storms, flash floods. Add to these cultural ones like tourism, education, research and development, and spiritual ones (like visiting temples within some of them).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The approach, termed VALUE+, that the group uses has two components. The VALUE part indicates that the annual cost of putting together and maintaining the above six tiger reserves is about Rs. 23 crores. But then, what about the &amp;ldquo;flow benefits&amp;rdquo;? Take the Periyar Tiger Reserve as an example. VALUE estimates that this Reserve generates Rs. 17.6 billion (or Rs. 1.9 lakhs per hectare) per year. How? For example it helps provide water to Tamilnadu districts, amount to Rs. 4.05 billions /year. Or, take the famous Corbett Park (which is supposed to have the &amp;ldquo;maneaters of Kumaon&amp;rdquo;). Its flow benefit per year is Rs. 14.7 billion (Rs. 1.14 lakhs per hectare). And it provides water to some parts of Uttar Pradesh (at Rs. 1.61 billion per year) and Delhi (Rs. 530 million per year). In effect, the ratio of benefits to management costs is anywhere from 200 to 530. It is worth investing and managing reserves! And the + sign part in the study highlights benefits for which a monetary number is currently not possible (such as the &amp;ldquo;umbrella&amp;rdquo; mentioned above).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Tiger reserves: Economic and environmental win-win -D Balasubramanian&#039;,
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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The headline in a recent PTI report &amp;ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&amp;rdquo;&amp;rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores. The headline was both exciting and hurtful. Excited by it, I contacted Professor Madhu Verma of the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, and she shared with me both a detailed report of 2015 titled: &amp;ldquo;Economic Evaluation of Tiger Reserves in India: A VALUE + Approach&amp;rdquo; (available free on the net as NTCA_Report 2015.pdf) and their recent research publication: &amp;ldquo;Making the Hidden Visible: Economic Valuation of Tiger Reserves in India&amp;rdquo; which appeared in the journal Ecosystem Services; 26 (2017): 236-244. Both were eye openers!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Putting a price on Nature and commodifying it may hurt our sensibilities. On the other hand, the authors of the above paper point out that an economic analysis helps in determining the quantity of goods such as fuel wood, and fodder that can be allowed for extraction by local communities, based on trade-offs with other services. Such economic analysis also highlights why such &amp;ldquo;large&amp;rdquo; areas are reserved for preserving fierce animals like the tiger, when we need more land for human use.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What is the total amount of land set apart for the 18 ranges as tiger reserves? It is 68,000 square km, which is about 2% of the area of India &amp;ndash; set apart for the nation&amp;rsquo;s pride animal. A tiger reserve is not just for the tiger. The six reserves (Corbett, Kanha, Kaziranga, Periyar, Ranthambore, Sunderbans) that the team has studied house many other animals such as the elephant, rhino, langur, barasingha, mongoose, river dolphin, olive ridley turtle, crocodile &amp;mdash; not to speak of the millions of herbs, plants and trees.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What is the point in saving tigers?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Why save this ferocious animal at all? Tigers are what conservationists call &amp;ldquo;umbrella&amp;rdquo; species. By saving them, we save everything beneath their ecological umbrella - everything connected to them - including the world&#039;s last great forests, whose carbon storage mitigates climate change. Vidya Venkat has written more about it in this newspaper of April 17, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What all does a tiger reserve offer? The 2017 paper above lists the following: (1) employment generation, (2) agriculture (incidentally the famous IR-8 rice was discovered from the wild rice plants found in one such reserve), (3) fishing, (4) fuel wood, (5) fodder and grazing, (6) timber, (7) pollination of plants, (8) kendu leaves, (9) carbon storage and sequestration (vital for climate protection against global warming), (10) water and its purification by filtering organic wastes, (11) soil conservation, (12) nutrient cycling, and (13) moderation of extreme events such as cyclone storms, flash floods. Add to these cultural ones like tourism, education, research and development, and spiritual ones (like visiting temples within some of them).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The approach, termed VALUE+, that the group uses has two components. The VALUE part indicates that the annual cost of putting together and maintaining the above six tiger reserves is about Rs. 23 crores. But then, what about the &amp;ldquo;flow benefits&amp;rdquo;? Take the Periyar Tiger Reserve as an example. VALUE estimates that this Reserve generates Rs. 17.6 billion (or Rs. 1.9 lakhs per hectare) per year. How? For example it helps provide water to Tamilnadu districts, amount to Rs. 4.05 billions /year. Or, take the famous Corbett Park (which is supposed to have the &amp;ldquo;maneaters of Kumaon&amp;rdquo;). Its flow benefit per year is Rs. 14.7 billion (Rs. 1.14 lakhs per hectare). And it provides water to some parts of Uttar Pradesh (at Rs. 1.61 billion per year) and Delhi (Rs. 530 million per year). In effect, the ratio of benefits to management costs is anywhere from 200 to 530. It is worth investing and managing reserves! And the + sign part in the study highlights benefits for which a monetary number is currently not possible (such as the &amp;ldquo;umbrella&amp;rdquo; mentioned above).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Hindu, 22 July, 2017, http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece&#039;,
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-The Hindu

The headline in a recent PTI report &amp;ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&amp;rdquo;&amp;rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores....&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The headline in a recent PTI report &amp;ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&amp;rdquo;&amp;rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores. The headline was both exciting and hurtful. Excited by it, I contacted Professor Madhu Verma of the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, and she shared with me both a detailed report of 2015 titled: &amp;ldquo;Economic Evaluation of Tiger Reserves in India: A VALUE + Approach&amp;rdquo; (available free on the net as NTCA_Report 2015.pdf) and their recent research publication: &amp;ldquo;Making the Hidden Visible: Economic Valuation of Tiger Reserves in India&amp;rdquo; which appeared in the journal Ecosystem Services; 26 (2017): 236-244. Both were eye openers!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Putting a price on Nature and commodifying it may hurt our sensibilities. On the other hand, the authors of the above paper point out that an economic analysis helps in determining the quantity of goods such as fuel wood, and fodder that can be allowed for extraction by local communities, based on trade-offs with other services. Such economic analysis also highlights why such &amp;ldquo;large&amp;rdquo; areas are reserved for preserving fierce animals like the tiger, when we need more land for human use.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What is the total amount of land set apart for the 18 ranges as tiger reserves? It is 68,000 square km, which is about 2% of the area of India &amp;ndash; set apart for the nation&amp;rsquo;s pride animal. A tiger reserve is not just for the tiger. The six reserves (Corbett, Kanha, Kaziranga, Periyar, Ranthambore, Sunderbans) that the team has studied house many other animals such as the elephant, rhino, langur, barasingha, mongoose, river dolphin, olive ridley turtle, crocodile &amp;mdash; not to speak of the millions of herbs, plants and trees.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What is the point in saving tigers?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why save this ferocious animal at all? Tigers are what conservationists call &amp;ldquo;umbrella&amp;rdquo; species. By saving them, we save everything beneath their ecological umbrella - everything connected to them - including the world&#039;s last great forests, whose carbon storage mitigates climate change. Vidya Venkat has written more about it in this newspaper of April 17, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What all does a tiger reserve offer? The 2017 paper above lists the following: (1) employment generation, (2) agriculture (incidentally the famous IR-8 rice was discovered from the wild rice plants found in one such reserve), (3) fishing, (4) fuel wood, (5) fodder and grazing, (6) timber, (7) pollination of plants, (8) kendu leaves, (9) carbon storage and sequestration (vital for climate protection against global warming), (10) water and its purification by filtering organic wastes, (11) soil conservation, (12) nutrient cycling, and (13) moderation of extreme events such as cyclone storms, flash floods. Add to these cultural ones like tourism, education, research and development, and spiritual ones (like visiting temples within some of them).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The approach, termed VALUE+, that the group uses has two components. The VALUE part indicates that the annual cost of putting together and maintaining the above six tiger reserves is about Rs. 23 crores. But then, what about the &amp;ldquo;flow benefits&amp;rdquo;? Take the Periyar Tiger Reserve as an example. VALUE estimates that this Reserve generates Rs. 17.6 billion (or Rs. 1.9 lakhs per hectare) per year. How? For example it helps provide water to Tamilnadu districts, amount to Rs. 4.05 billions /year. Or, take the famous Corbett Park (which is supposed to have the &amp;ldquo;maneaters of Kumaon&amp;rdquo;). Its flow benefit per year is Rs. 14.7 billion (Rs. 1.14 lakhs per hectare). And it provides water to some parts of Uttar Pradesh (at Rs. 1.61 billion per year) and Delhi (Rs. 530 million per year). In effect, the ratio of benefits to management costs is anywhere from 200 to 530. It is worth investing and managing reserves! And the + sign part in the study highlights benefits for which a monetary number is currently not possible (such as the &amp;ldquo;umbrella&amp;rdquo; mentioned above).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-The Hindu

The headline in a recent PTI report &ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&rdquo;&rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores...."/>
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                <strong>Tiger reserves: Economic and environmental win-win -D Balasubramanian</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Hindu<br /><br />The headline in a recent PTI report &ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&rdquo;&rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores. The headline was both exciting and hurtful. Excited by it, I contacted Professor Madhu Verma of the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, and she shared with me both a detailed report of 2015 titled: &ldquo;Economic Evaluation of Tiger Reserves in India: A VALUE + Approach&rdquo; (available free on the net as NTCA_Report 2015.pdf) and their recent research publication: &ldquo;Making the Hidden Visible: Economic Valuation of Tiger Reserves in India&rdquo; which appeared in the journal Ecosystem Services; 26 (2017): 236-244. Both were eye openers!<br /><br />Putting a price on Nature and commodifying it may hurt our sensibilities. On the other hand, the authors of the above paper point out that an economic analysis helps in determining the quantity of goods such as fuel wood, and fodder that can be allowed for extraction by local communities, based on trade-offs with other services. Such economic analysis also highlights why such &ldquo;large&rdquo; areas are reserved for preserving fierce animals like the tiger, when we need more land for human use.<br /><br />What is the total amount of land set apart for the 18 ranges as tiger reserves? It is 68,000 square km, which is about 2% of the area of India &ndash; set apart for the nation&rsquo;s pride animal. A tiger reserve is not just for the tiger. The six reserves (Corbett, Kanha, Kaziranga, Periyar, Ranthambore, Sunderbans) that the team has studied house many other animals such as the elephant, rhino, langur, barasingha, mongoose, river dolphin, olive ridley turtle, crocodile &mdash; not to speak of the millions of herbs, plants and trees.<br /><br />What is the point in saving tigers?<br /><br />Why save this ferocious animal at all? Tigers are what conservationists call &ldquo;umbrella&rdquo; species. By saving them, we save everything beneath their ecological umbrella - everything connected to them - including the world's last great forests, whose carbon storage mitigates climate change. Vidya Venkat has written more about it in this newspaper of April 17, 2016.<br /><br />What all does a tiger reserve offer? The 2017 paper above lists the following: (1) employment generation, (2) agriculture (incidentally the famous IR-8 rice was discovered from the wild rice plants found in one such reserve), (3) fishing, (4) fuel wood, (5) fodder and grazing, (6) timber, (7) pollination of plants, (8) kendu leaves, (9) carbon storage and sequestration (vital for climate protection against global warming), (10) water and its purification by filtering organic wastes, (11) soil conservation, (12) nutrient cycling, and (13) moderation of extreme events such as cyclone storms, flash floods. Add to these cultural ones like tourism, education, research and development, and spiritual ones (like visiting temples within some of them).<br /><br />The approach, termed VALUE+, that the group uses has two components. The VALUE part indicates that the annual cost of putting together and maintaining the above six tiger reserves is about Rs. 23 crores. But then, what about the &ldquo;flow benefits&rdquo;? Take the Periyar Tiger Reserve as an example. VALUE estimates that this Reserve generates Rs. 17.6 billion (or Rs. 1.9 lakhs per hectare) per year. How? For example it helps provide water to Tamilnadu districts, amount to Rs. 4.05 billions /year. Or, take the famous Corbett Park (which is supposed to have the &ldquo;maneaters of Kumaon&rdquo;). Its flow benefit per year is Rs. 14.7 billion (Rs. 1.14 lakhs per hectare). And it provides water to some parts of Uttar Pradesh (at Rs. 1.61 billion per year) and Delhi (Rs. 530 million per year). In effect, the ratio of benefits to management costs is anywhere from 200 to 530. It is worth investing and managing reserves! And the + sign part in the study highlights benefits for which a monetary number is currently not possible (such as the &ldquo;umbrella&rdquo; mentioned above).<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece" title="http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67ec3384246e1-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67ec3384246e1-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67ec3384246e1-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67ec3384246e1-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67ec3384246e1-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67ec3384246e1-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67ec3384246e1-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67ec3384246e1-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The headline in a recent PTI report &amp;ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&amp;rdquo;&amp;rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores. The headline was both exciting and hurtful. Excited by it, I contacted Professor Madhu Verma of the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, and she shared with me both a detailed report of 2015 titled: &amp;ldquo;Economic Evaluation of Tiger Reserves in India: A VALUE + Approach&amp;rdquo; (available free on the net as NTCA_Report 2015.pdf) and their recent research publication: &amp;ldquo;Making the Hidden Visible: Economic Valuation of Tiger Reserves in India&amp;rdquo; which appeared in the journal Ecosystem Services; 26 (2017): 236-244. Both were eye openers!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Putting a price on Nature and commodifying it may hurt our sensibilities. On the other hand, the authors of the above paper point out that an economic analysis helps in determining the quantity of goods such as fuel wood, and fodder that can be allowed for extraction by local communities, based on trade-offs with other services. Such economic analysis also highlights why such &amp;ldquo;large&amp;rdquo; areas are reserved for preserving fierce animals like the tiger, when we need more land for human use.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What is the total amount of land set apart for the 18 ranges as tiger reserves? It is 68,000 square km, which is about 2% of the area of India &amp;ndash; set apart for the nation&amp;rsquo;s pride animal. A tiger reserve is not just for the tiger. The six reserves (Corbett, Kanha, Kaziranga, Periyar, Ranthambore, Sunderbans) that the team has studied house many other animals such as the elephant, rhino, langur, barasingha, mongoose, river dolphin, olive ridley turtle, crocodile &amp;mdash; not to speak of the millions of herbs, plants and trees.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What is the point in saving tigers?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Why save this ferocious animal at all? Tigers are what conservationists call &amp;ldquo;umbrella&amp;rdquo; species. By saving them, we save everything beneath their ecological umbrella - everything connected to them - including the world&#039;s last great forests, whose carbon storage mitigates climate change. Vidya Venkat has written more about it in this newspaper of April 17, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What all does a tiger reserve offer? The 2017 paper above lists the following: (1) employment generation, (2) agriculture (incidentally the famous IR-8 rice was discovered from the wild rice plants found in one such reserve), (3) fishing, (4) fuel wood, (5) fodder and grazing, (6) timber, (7) pollination of plants, (8) kendu leaves, (9) carbon storage and sequestration (vital for climate protection against global warming), (10) water and its purification by filtering organic wastes, (11) soil conservation, (12) nutrient cycling, and (13) moderation of extreme events such as cyclone storms, flash floods. Add to these cultural ones like tourism, education, research and development, and spiritual ones (like visiting temples within some of them).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The approach, termed VALUE+, that the group uses has two components. The VALUE part indicates that the annual cost of putting together and maintaining the above six tiger reserves is about Rs. 23 crores. But then, what about the &amp;ldquo;flow benefits&amp;rdquo;? Take the Periyar Tiger Reserve as an example. VALUE estimates that this Reserve generates Rs. 17.6 billion (or Rs. 1.9 lakhs per hectare) per year. How? For example it helps provide water to Tamilnadu districts, amount to Rs. 4.05 billions /year. Or, take the famous Corbett Park (which is supposed to have the &amp;ldquo;maneaters of Kumaon&amp;rdquo;). Its flow benefit per year is Rs. 14.7 billion (Rs. 1.14 lakhs per hectare). And it provides water to some parts of Uttar Pradesh (at Rs. 1.61 billion per year) and Delhi (Rs. 530 million per year). In effect, the ratio of benefits to management costs is anywhere from 200 to 530. It is worth investing and managing reserves! And the + sign part in the study highlights benefits for which a monetary number is currently not possible (such as the &amp;ldquo;umbrella&amp;rdquo; mentioned above).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Hindu, 22 July, 2017, http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece&#039;,
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The headline in a recent PTI report &amp;ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&amp;rdquo;&amp;rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores....&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The headline in a recent PTI report &amp;ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&amp;rdquo;&amp;rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores. The headline was both exciting and hurtful. Excited by it, I contacted Professor Madhu Verma of the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, and she shared with me both a detailed report of 2015 titled: &amp;ldquo;Economic Evaluation of Tiger Reserves in India: A VALUE + Approach&amp;rdquo; (available free on the net as NTCA_Report 2015.pdf) and their recent research publication: &amp;ldquo;Making the Hidden Visible: Economic Valuation of Tiger Reserves in India&amp;rdquo; which appeared in the journal Ecosystem Services; 26 (2017): 236-244. Both were eye openers!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Putting a price on Nature and commodifying it may hurt our sensibilities. On the other hand, the authors of the above paper point out that an economic analysis helps in determining the quantity of goods such as fuel wood, and fodder that can be allowed for extraction by local communities, based on trade-offs with other services. Such economic analysis also highlights why such &amp;ldquo;large&amp;rdquo; areas are reserved for preserving fierce animals like the tiger, when we need more land for human use.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What is the total amount of land set apart for the 18 ranges as tiger reserves? It is 68,000 square km, which is about 2% of the area of India &amp;ndash; set apart for the nation&amp;rsquo;s pride animal. A tiger reserve is not just for the tiger. The six reserves (Corbett, Kanha, Kaziranga, Periyar, Ranthambore, Sunderbans) that the team has studied house many other animals such as the elephant, rhino, langur, barasingha, mongoose, river dolphin, olive ridley turtle, crocodile &amp;mdash; not to speak of the millions of herbs, plants and trees.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What is the point in saving tigers?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why save this ferocious animal at all? Tigers are what conservationists call &amp;ldquo;umbrella&amp;rdquo; species. By saving them, we save everything beneath their ecological umbrella - everything connected to them - including the world&#039;s last great forests, whose carbon storage mitigates climate change. Vidya Venkat has written more about it in this newspaper of April 17, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What all does a tiger reserve offer? The 2017 paper above lists the following: (1) employment generation, (2) agriculture (incidentally the famous IR-8 rice was discovered from the wild rice plants found in one such reserve), (3) fishing, (4) fuel wood, (5) fodder and grazing, (6) timber, (7) pollination of plants, (8) kendu leaves, (9) carbon storage and sequestration (vital for climate protection against global warming), (10) water and its purification by filtering organic wastes, (11) soil conservation, (12) nutrient cycling, and (13) moderation of extreme events such as cyclone storms, flash floods. Add to these cultural ones like tourism, education, research and development, and spiritual ones (like visiting temples within some of them).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The approach, termed VALUE+, that the group uses has two components. The VALUE part indicates that the annual cost of putting together and maintaining the above six tiger reserves is about Rs. 23 crores. But then, what about the &amp;ldquo;flow benefits&amp;rdquo;? Take the Periyar Tiger Reserve as an example. VALUE estimates that this Reserve generates Rs. 17.6 billion (or Rs. 1.9 lakhs per hectare) per year. How? For example it helps provide water to Tamilnadu districts, amount to Rs. 4.05 billions /year. Or, take the famous Corbett Park (which is supposed to have the &amp;ldquo;maneaters of Kumaon&amp;rdquo;). Its flow benefit per year is Rs. 14.7 billion (Rs. 1.14 lakhs per hectare). And it provides water to some parts of Uttar Pradesh (at Rs. 1.61 billion per year) and Delhi (Rs. 530 million per year). In effect, the ratio of benefits to management costs is anywhere from 200 to 530. It is worth investing and managing reserves! And the + sign part in the study highlights benefits for which a monetary number is currently not possible (such as the &amp;ldquo;umbrella&amp;rdquo; mentioned above).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The headline in a recent PTI report &amp;ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&amp;rdquo;&amp;rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores. The headline was both exciting and hurtful. Excited by it, I contacted Professor Madhu Verma of the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, and she shared with me both a detailed report of 2015 titled: &amp;ldquo;Economic Evaluation of Tiger Reserves in India: A VALUE + Approach&amp;rdquo; (available free on the net as NTCA_Report 2015.pdf) and their recent research publication: &amp;ldquo;Making the Hidden Visible: Economic Valuation of Tiger Reserves in India&amp;rdquo; which appeared in the journal Ecosystem Services; 26 (2017): 236-244. Both were eye openers!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Putting a price on Nature and commodifying it may hurt our sensibilities. On the other hand, the authors of the above paper point out that an economic analysis helps in determining the quantity of goods such as fuel wood, and fodder that can be allowed for extraction by local communities, based on trade-offs with other services. Such economic analysis also highlights why such &amp;ldquo;large&amp;rdquo; areas are reserved for preserving fierce animals like the tiger, when we need more land for human use.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What is the total amount of land set apart for the 18 ranges as tiger reserves? It is 68,000 square km, which is about 2% of the area of India &amp;ndash; set apart for the nation&amp;rsquo;s pride animal. A tiger reserve is not just for the tiger. The six reserves (Corbett, Kanha, Kaziranga, Periyar, Ranthambore, Sunderbans) that the team has studied house many other animals such as the elephant, rhino, langur, barasingha, mongoose, river dolphin, olive ridley turtle, crocodile &amp;mdash; not to speak of the millions of herbs, plants and trees.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What is the point in saving tigers?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Why save this ferocious animal at all? Tigers are what conservationists call &amp;ldquo;umbrella&amp;rdquo; species. By saving them, we save everything beneath their ecological umbrella - everything connected to them - including the world&#039;s last great forests, whose carbon storage mitigates climate change. Vidya Venkat has written more about it in this newspaper of April 17, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What all does a tiger reserve offer? The 2017 paper above lists the following: (1) employment generation, (2) agriculture (incidentally the famous IR-8 rice was discovered from the wild rice plants found in one such reserve), (3) fishing, (4) fuel wood, (5) fodder and grazing, (6) timber, (7) pollination of plants, (8) kendu leaves, (9) carbon storage and sequestration (vital for climate protection against global warming), (10) water and its purification by filtering organic wastes, (11) soil conservation, (12) nutrient cycling, and (13) moderation of extreme events such as cyclone storms, flash floods. Add to these cultural ones like tourism, education, research and development, and spiritual ones (like visiting temples within some of them).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The approach, termed VALUE+, that the group uses has two components. The VALUE part indicates that the annual cost of putting together and maintaining the above six tiger reserves is about Rs. 23 crores. But then, what about the &amp;ldquo;flow benefits&amp;rdquo;? Take the Periyar Tiger Reserve as an example. VALUE estimates that this Reserve generates Rs. 17.6 billion (or Rs. 1.9 lakhs per hectare) per year. How? For example it helps provide water to Tamilnadu districts, amount to Rs. 4.05 billions /year. Or, take the famous Corbett Park (which is supposed to have the &amp;ldquo;maneaters of Kumaon&amp;rdquo;). Its flow benefit per year is Rs. 14.7 billion (Rs. 1.14 lakhs per hectare). And it provides water to some parts of Uttar Pradesh (at Rs. 1.61 billion per year) and Delhi (Rs. 530 million per year). In effect, the ratio of benefits to management costs is anywhere from 200 to 530. It is worth investing and managing reserves! And the + sign part in the study highlights benefits for which a monetary number is currently not possible (such as the &amp;ldquo;umbrella&amp;rdquo; mentioned above).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Hindu, 22 July, 2017, http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece&#039;,
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-The Hindu

The headline in a recent PTI report &amp;ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&amp;rdquo;&amp;rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores....&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The headline in a recent PTI report &amp;ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&amp;rdquo;&amp;rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores. The headline was both exciting and hurtful. Excited by it, I contacted Professor Madhu Verma of the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, and she shared with me both a detailed report of 2015 titled: &amp;ldquo;Economic Evaluation of Tiger Reserves in India: A VALUE + Approach&amp;rdquo; (available free on the net as NTCA_Report 2015.pdf) and their recent research publication: &amp;ldquo;Making the Hidden Visible: Economic Valuation of Tiger Reserves in India&amp;rdquo; which appeared in the journal Ecosystem Services; 26 (2017): 236-244. Both were eye openers!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Putting a price on Nature and commodifying it may hurt our sensibilities. On the other hand, the authors of the above paper point out that an economic analysis helps in determining the quantity of goods such as fuel wood, and fodder that can be allowed for extraction by local communities, based on trade-offs with other services. Such economic analysis also highlights why such &amp;ldquo;large&amp;rdquo; areas are reserved for preserving fierce animals like the tiger, when we need more land for human use.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What is the total amount of land set apart for the 18 ranges as tiger reserves? It is 68,000 square km, which is about 2% of the area of India &amp;ndash; set apart for the nation&amp;rsquo;s pride animal. A tiger reserve is not just for the tiger. The six reserves (Corbett, Kanha, Kaziranga, Periyar, Ranthambore, Sunderbans) that the team has studied house many other animals such as the elephant, rhino, langur, barasingha, mongoose, river dolphin, olive ridley turtle, crocodile &amp;mdash; not to speak of the millions of herbs, plants and trees.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What is the point in saving tigers?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why save this ferocious animal at all? Tigers are what conservationists call &amp;ldquo;umbrella&amp;rdquo; species. By saving them, we save everything beneath their ecological umbrella - everything connected to them - including the world&#039;s last great forests, whose carbon storage mitigates climate change. Vidya Venkat has written more about it in this newspaper of April 17, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What all does a tiger reserve offer? The 2017 paper above lists the following: (1) employment generation, (2) agriculture (incidentally the famous IR-8 rice was discovered from the wild rice plants found in one such reserve), (3) fishing, (4) fuel wood, (5) fodder and grazing, (6) timber, (7) pollination of plants, (8) kendu leaves, (9) carbon storage and sequestration (vital for climate protection against global warming), (10) water and its purification by filtering organic wastes, (11) soil conservation, (12) nutrient cycling, and (13) moderation of extreme events such as cyclone storms, flash floods. Add to these cultural ones like tourism, education, research and development, and spiritual ones (like visiting temples within some of them).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The approach, termed VALUE+, that the group uses has two components. The VALUE part indicates that the annual cost of putting together and maintaining the above six tiger reserves is about Rs. 23 crores. But then, what about the &amp;ldquo;flow benefits&amp;rdquo;? Take the Periyar Tiger Reserve as an example. VALUE estimates that this Reserve generates Rs. 17.6 billion (or Rs. 1.9 lakhs per hectare) per year. How? For example it helps provide water to Tamilnadu districts, amount to Rs. 4.05 billions /year. Or, take the famous Corbett Park (which is supposed to have the &amp;ldquo;maneaters of Kumaon&amp;rdquo;). Its flow benefit per year is Rs. 14.7 billion (Rs. 1.14 lakhs per hectare). And it provides water to some parts of Uttar Pradesh (at Rs. 1.61 billion per year) and Delhi (Rs. 530 million per year). In effect, the ratio of benefits to management costs is anywhere from 200 to 530. It is worth investing and managing reserves! And the + sign part in the study highlights benefits for which a monetary number is currently not possible (such as the &amp;ldquo;umbrella&amp;rdquo; mentioned above).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-The Hindu

The headline in a recent PTI report &ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&rdquo;&rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores...."/>
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                <strong>Tiger reserves: Economic and environmental win-win -D Balasubramanian</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Hindu<br /><br />The headline in a recent PTI report &ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&rdquo;&rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores. The headline was both exciting and hurtful. Excited by it, I contacted Professor Madhu Verma of the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, and she shared with me both a detailed report of 2015 titled: &ldquo;Economic Evaluation of Tiger Reserves in India: A VALUE + Approach&rdquo; (available free on the net as NTCA_Report 2015.pdf) and their recent research publication: &ldquo;Making the Hidden Visible: Economic Valuation of Tiger Reserves in India&rdquo; which appeared in the journal Ecosystem Services; 26 (2017): 236-244. Both were eye openers!<br /><br />Putting a price on Nature and commodifying it may hurt our sensibilities. On the other hand, the authors of the above paper point out that an economic analysis helps in determining the quantity of goods such as fuel wood, and fodder that can be allowed for extraction by local communities, based on trade-offs with other services. Such economic analysis also highlights why such &ldquo;large&rdquo; areas are reserved for preserving fierce animals like the tiger, when we need more land for human use.<br /><br />What is the total amount of land set apart for the 18 ranges as tiger reserves? It is 68,000 square km, which is about 2% of the area of India &ndash; set apart for the nation&rsquo;s pride animal. A tiger reserve is not just for the tiger. The six reserves (Corbett, Kanha, Kaziranga, Periyar, Ranthambore, Sunderbans) that the team has studied house many other animals such as the elephant, rhino, langur, barasingha, mongoose, river dolphin, olive ridley turtle, crocodile &mdash; not to speak of the millions of herbs, plants and trees.<br /><br />What is the point in saving tigers?<br /><br />Why save this ferocious animal at all? Tigers are what conservationists call &ldquo;umbrella&rdquo; species. By saving them, we save everything beneath their ecological umbrella - everything connected to them - including the world's last great forests, whose carbon storage mitigates climate change. Vidya Venkat has written more about it in this newspaper of April 17, 2016.<br /><br />What all does a tiger reserve offer? The 2017 paper above lists the following: (1) employment generation, (2) agriculture (incidentally the famous IR-8 rice was discovered from the wild rice plants found in one such reserve), (3) fishing, (4) fuel wood, (5) fodder and grazing, (6) timber, (7) pollination of plants, (8) kendu leaves, (9) carbon storage and sequestration (vital for climate protection against global warming), (10) water and its purification by filtering organic wastes, (11) soil conservation, (12) nutrient cycling, and (13) moderation of extreme events such as cyclone storms, flash floods. Add to these cultural ones like tourism, education, research and development, and spiritual ones (like visiting temples within some of them).<br /><br />The approach, termed VALUE+, that the group uses has two components. The VALUE part indicates that the annual cost of putting together and maintaining the above six tiger reserves is about Rs. 23 crores. But then, what about the &ldquo;flow benefits&rdquo;? Take the Periyar Tiger Reserve as an example. VALUE estimates that this Reserve generates Rs. 17.6 billion (or Rs. 1.9 lakhs per hectare) per year. How? For example it helps provide water to Tamilnadu districts, amount to Rs. 4.05 billions /year. Or, take the famous Corbett Park (which is supposed to have the &ldquo;maneaters of Kumaon&rdquo;). Its flow benefit per year is Rs. 14.7 billion (Rs. 1.14 lakhs per hectare). And it provides water to some parts of Uttar Pradesh (at Rs. 1.61 billion per year) and Delhi (Rs. 530 million per year). In effect, the ratio of benefits to management costs is anywhere from 200 to 530. It is worth investing and managing reserves! And the + sign part in the study highlights benefits for which a monetary number is currently not possible (such as the &ldquo;umbrella&rdquo; mentioned above).<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece" title="http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Hindu<br />
<br />
The headline in a recent PTI report &ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&rdquo;&rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores. The headline was both exciting and hurtful. Excited by it, I contacted Professor Madhu Verma of the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, and she shared with me both a detailed report of 2015 titled: &ldquo;Economic Evaluation of Tiger Reserves in India: A VALUE + Approach&rdquo; (available free on the net as NTCA_Report 2015.pdf) and their recent research publication: &ldquo;Making the Hidden Visible: Economic Valuation of Tiger Reserves in India&rdquo; which appeared in the journal Ecosystem Services; 26 (2017): 236-244. Both were eye openers!<br />
<br />
Putting a price on Nature and commodifying it may hurt our sensibilities. On the other hand, the authors of the above paper point out that an economic analysis helps in determining the quantity of goods such as fuel wood, and fodder that can be allowed for extraction by local communities, based on trade-offs with other services. Such economic analysis also highlights why such &ldquo;large&rdquo; areas are reserved for preserving fierce animals like the tiger, when we need more land for human use.<br />
<br />
What is the total amount of land set apart for the 18 ranges as tiger reserves? It is 68,000 square km, which is about 2% of the area of India &ndash; set apart for the nation&rsquo;s pride animal. A tiger reserve is not just for the tiger. The six reserves (Corbett, Kanha, Kaziranga, Periyar, Ranthambore, Sunderbans) that the team has studied house many other animals such as the elephant, rhino, langur, barasingha, mongoose, river dolphin, olive ridley turtle, crocodile &mdash; not to speak of the millions of herbs, plants and trees.<br />
<br />
What is the point in saving tigers?<br />
<br />
Why save this ferocious animal at all? Tigers are what conservationists call &ldquo;umbrella&rdquo; species. By saving them, we save everything beneath their ecological umbrella - everything connected to them - including the world's last great forests, whose carbon storage mitigates climate change. Vidya Venkat has written more about it in this newspaper of April 17, 2016.<br />
<br />
What all does a tiger reserve offer? The 2017 paper above lists the following: (1) employment generation, (2) agriculture (incidentally the famous IR-8 rice was discovered from the wild rice plants found in one such reserve), (3) fishing, (4) fuel wood, (5) fodder and grazing, (6) timber, (7) pollination of plants, (8) kendu leaves, (9) carbon storage and sequestration (vital for climate protection against global warming), (10) water and its purification by filtering organic wastes, (11) soil conservation, (12) nutrient cycling, and (13) moderation of extreme events such as cyclone storms, flash floods. Add to these cultural ones like tourism, education, research and development, and spiritual ones (like visiting temples within some of them).<br />
<br />
The approach, termed VALUE+, that the group uses has two components. The VALUE part indicates that the annual cost of putting together and maintaining the above six tiger reserves is about Rs. 23 crores. But then, what about the &ldquo;flow benefits&rdquo;? Take the Periyar Tiger Reserve as an example. VALUE estimates that this Reserve generates Rs. 17.6 billion (or Rs. 1.9 lakhs per hectare) per year. How? For example it helps provide water to Tamilnadu districts, amount to Rs. 4.05 billions /year. Or, take the famous Corbett Park (which is supposed to have the &ldquo;maneaters of Kumaon&rdquo;). Its flow benefit per year is Rs. 14.7 billion (Rs. 1.14 lakhs per hectare). And it provides water to some parts of Uttar Pradesh (at Rs. 1.61 billion per year) and Delhi (Rs. 530 million per year). In effect, the ratio of benefits to management costs is anywhere from 200 to 530. It is worth investing and managing reserves! And the + sign part in the study highlights benefits for which a monetary number is currently not possible (such as the &ldquo;umbrella&rdquo; mentioned above).<br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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-The Hindu

The headline in a recent PTI report &ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&rdquo;&rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores....',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-The Hindu<br /><br />The headline in a recent PTI report &ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&rdquo;&rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores. The headline was both exciting and hurtful. Excited by it, I contacted Professor Madhu Verma of the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, and she shared with me both a detailed report of 2015 titled: &ldquo;Economic Evaluation of Tiger Reserves in India: A VALUE + Approach&rdquo; (available free on the net as NTCA_Report 2015.pdf) and their recent research publication: &ldquo;Making the Hidden Visible: Economic Valuation of Tiger Reserves in India&rdquo; which appeared in the journal Ecosystem Services; 26 (2017): 236-244. Both were eye openers!<br /><br />Putting a price on Nature and commodifying it may hurt our sensibilities. On the other hand, the authors of the above paper point out that an economic analysis helps in determining the quantity of goods such as fuel wood, and fodder that can be allowed for extraction by local communities, based on trade-offs with other services. Such economic analysis also highlights why such &ldquo;large&rdquo; areas are reserved for preserving fierce animals like the tiger, when we need more land for human use.<br /><br />What is the total amount of land set apart for the 18 ranges as tiger reserves? It is 68,000 square km, which is about 2% of the area of India &ndash; set apart for the nation&rsquo;s pride animal. A tiger reserve is not just for the tiger. The six reserves (Corbett, Kanha, Kaziranga, Periyar, Ranthambore, Sunderbans) that the team has studied house many other animals such as the elephant, rhino, langur, barasingha, mongoose, river dolphin, olive ridley turtle, crocodile &mdash; not to speak of the millions of herbs, plants and trees.<br /><br />What is the point in saving tigers?<br /><br />Why save this ferocious animal at all? Tigers are what conservationists call &ldquo;umbrella&rdquo; species. By saving them, we save everything beneath their ecological umbrella - everything connected to them - including the world's last great forests, whose carbon storage mitigates climate change. Vidya Venkat has written more about it in this newspaper of April 17, 2016.<br /><br />What all does a tiger reserve offer? The 2017 paper above lists the following: (1) employment generation, (2) agriculture (incidentally the famous IR-8 rice was discovered from the wild rice plants found in one such reserve), (3) fishing, (4) fuel wood, (5) fodder and grazing, (6) timber, (7) pollination of plants, (8) kendu leaves, (9) carbon storage and sequestration (vital for climate protection against global warming), (10) water and its purification by filtering organic wastes, (11) soil conservation, (12) nutrient cycling, and (13) moderation of extreme events such as cyclone storms, flash floods. Add to these cultural ones like tourism, education, research and development, and spiritual ones (like visiting temples within some of them).<br /><br />The approach, termed VALUE+, that the group uses has two components. The VALUE part indicates that the annual cost of putting together and maintaining the above six tiger reserves is about Rs. 23 crores. But then, what about the &ldquo;flow benefits&rdquo;? Take the Periyar Tiger Reserve as an example. VALUE estimates that this Reserve generates Rs. 17.6 billion (or Rs. 1.9 lakhs per hectare) per year. How? For example it helps provide water to Tamilnadu districts, amount to Rs. 4.05 billions /year. Or, take the famous Corbett Park (which is supposed to have the &ldquo;maneaters of Kumaon&rdquo;). Its flow benefit per year is Rs. 14.7 billion (Rs. 1.14 lakhs per hectare). And it provides water to some parts of Uttar Pradesh (at Rs. 1.61 billion per year) and Delhi (Rs. 530 million per year). In effect, the ratio of benefits to management costs is anywhere from 200 to 530. It is worth investing and managing reserves! And the + sign part in the study highlights benefits for which a monetary number is currently not possible (such as the &ldquo;umbrella&rdquo; mentioned above).<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece" title="http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>',
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-The Hindu<br />
<br />
The headline in a recent PTI report &ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&rdquo;&rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores. The headline was both exciting and hurtful. Excited by it, I contacted Professor Madhu Verma of the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, and she shared with me both a detailed report of 2015 titled: &ldquo;Economic Evaluation of Tiger Reserves in India: A VALUE + Approach&rdquo; (available free on the net as NTCA_Report 2015.pdf) and their recent research publication: &ldquo;Making the Hidden Visible: Economic Valuation of Tiger Reserves in India&rdquo; which appeared in the journal Ecosystem Services; 26 (2017): 236-244. Both were eye openers!<br />
<br />
Putting a price on Nature and commodifying it may hurt our sensibilities. On the other hand, the authors of the above paper point out that an economic analysis helps in determining the quantity of goods such as fuel wood, and fodder that can be allowed for extraction by local communities, based on trade-offs with other services. Such economic analysis also highlights why such &ldquo;large&rdquo; areas are reserved for preserving fierce animals like the tiger, when we need more land for human use.<br />
<br />
What is the total amount of land set apart for the 18 ranges as tiger reserves? It is 68,000 square km, which is about 2% of the area of India &ndash; set apart for the nation&rsquo;s pride animal. A tiger reserve is not just for the tiger. The six reserves (Corbett, Kanha, Kaziranga, Periyar, Ranthambore, Sunderbans) that the team has studied house many other animals such as the elephant, rhino, langur, barasingha, mongoose, river dolphin, olive ridley turtle, crocodile &mdash; not to speak of the millions of herbs, plants and trees.<br />
<br />
What is the point in saving tigers?<br />
<br />
Why save this ferocious animal at all? Tigers are what conservationists call &ldquo;umbrella&rdquo; species. By saving them, we save everything beneath their ecological umbrella - everything connected to them - including the world's last great forests, whose carbon storage mitigates climate change. Vidya Venkat has written more about it in this newspaper of April 17, 2016.<br />
<br />
What all does a tiger reserve offer? The 2017 paper above lists the following: (1) employment generation, (2) agriculture (incidentally the famous IR-8 rice was discovered from the wild rice plants found in one such reserve), (3) fishing, (4) fuel wood, (5) fodder and grazing, (6) timber, (7) pollination of plants, (8) kendu leaves, (9) carbon storage and sequestration (vital for climate protection against global warming), (10) water and its purification by filtering organic wastes, (11) soil conservation, (12) nutrient cycling, and (13) moderation of extreme events such as cyclone storms, flash floods. Add to these cultural ones like tourism, education, research and development, and spiritual ones (like visiting temples within some of them).<br />
<br />
The approach, termed VALUE+, that the group uses has two components. The VALUE part indicates that the annual cost of putting together and maintaining the above six tiger reserves is about Rs. 23 crores. But then, what about the &ldquo;flow benefits&rdquo;? Take the Periyar Tiger Reserve as an example. VALUE estimates that this Reserve generates Rs. 17.6 billion (or Rs. 1.9 lakhs per hectare) per year. How? For example it helps provide water to Tamilnadu districts, amount to Rs. 4.05 billions /year. Or, take the famous Corbett Park (which is supposed to have the &ldquo;maneaters of Kumaon&rdquo;). Its flow benefit per year is Rs. 14.7 billion (Rs. 1.14 lakhs per hectare). And it provides water to some parts of Uttar Pradesh (at Rs. 1.61 billion per year) and Delhi (Rs. 530 million per year). In effect, the ratio of benefits to management costs is anywhere from 200 to 530. It is worth investing and managing reserves! And the + sign part in the study highlights benefits for which a monetary number is currently not possible (such as the &ldquo;umbrella&rdquo; mentioned above).<br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Tiger reserves: Economic and environmental win-win -D Balasubramanian'
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-The Hindu

The headline in a recent PTI report &ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&rdquo;&rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores....'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-The Hindu<br /><br />The headline in a recent PTI report &ldquo;Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan&rdquo;&rsquo; was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores. The headline was both exciting and hurtful. Excited by it, I contacted Professor Madhu Verma of the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, and she shared with me both a detailed report of 2015 titled: &ldquo;Economic Evaluation of Tiger Reserves in India: A VALUE + Approach&rdquo; (available free on the net as NTCA_Report 2015.pdf) and their recent research publication: &ldquo;Making the Hidden Visible: Economic Valuation of Tiger Reserves in India&rdquo; which appeared in the journal Ecosystem Services; 26 (2017): 236-244. Both were eye openers!<br /><br />Putting a price on Nature and commodifying it may hurt our sensibilities. On the other hand, the authors of the above paper point out that an economic analysis helps in determining the quantity of goods such as fuel wood, and fodder that can be allowed for extraction by local communities, based on trade-offs with other services. Such economic analysis also highlights why such &ldquo;large&rdquo; areas are reserved for preserving fierce animals like the tiger, when we need more land for human use.<br /><br />What is the total amount of land set apart for the 18 ranges as tiger reserves? It is 68,000 square km, which is about 2% of the area of India &ndash; set apart for the nation&rsquo;s pride animal. A tiger reserve is not just for the tiger. The six reserves (Corbett, Kanha, Kaziranga, Periyar, Ranthambore, Sunderbans) that the team has studied house many other animals such as the elephant, rhino, langur, barasingha, mongoose, river dolphin, olive ridley turtle, crocodile &mdash; not to speak of the millions of herbs, plants and trees.<br /><br />What is the point in saving tigers?<br /><br />Why save this ferocious animal at all? Tigers are what conservationists call &ldquo;umbrella&rdquo; species. By saving them, we save everything beneath their ecological umbrella - everything connected to them - including the world's last great forests, whose carbon storage mitigates climate change. Vidya Venkat has written more about it in this newspaper of April 17, 2016.<br /><br />What all does a tiger reserve offer? The 2017 paper above lists the following: (1) employment generation, (2) agriculture (incidentally the famous IR-8 rice was discovered from the wild rice plants found in one such reserve), (3) fishing, (4) fuel wood, (5) fodder and grazing, (6) timber, (7) pollination of plants, (8) kendu leaves, (9) carbon storage and sequestration (vital for climate protection against global warming), (10) water and its purification by filtering organic wastes, (11) soil conservation, (12) nutrient cycling, and (13) moderation of extreme events such as cyclone storms, flash floods. Add to these cultural ones like tourism, education, research and development, and spiritual ones (like visiting temples within some of them).<br /><br />The approach, termed VALUE+, that the group uses has two components. The VALUE part indicates that the annual cost of putting together and maintaining the above six tiger reserves is about Rs. 23 crores. But then, what about the &ldquo;flow benefits&rdquo;? Take the Periyar Tiger Reserve as an example. VALUE estimates that this Reserve generates Rs. 17.6 billion (or Rs. 1.9 lakhs per hectare) per year. How? For example it helps provide water to Tamilnadu districts, amount to Rs. 4.05 billions /year. Or, take the famous Corbett Park (which is supposed to have the &ldquo;maneaters of Kumaon&rdquo;). Its flow benefit per year is Rs. 14.7 billion (Rs. 1.14 lakhs per hectare). And it provides water to some parts of Uttar Pradesh (at Rs. 1.61 billion per year) and Delhi (Rs. 530 million per year). In effect, the ratio of benefits to management costs is anywhere from 200 to 530. It is worth investing and managing reserves! And the + sign part in the study highlights benefits for which a monetary number is currently not possible (such as the &ldquo;umbrella&rdquo; mentioned above).<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece" title="http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/tiger-reserves-economic-and-environmental-win-win/article19331836.ece">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>'
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Tiger reserves: Economic and environmental win-win -D Balasubramanian

-The Hindu The headline in a recent PTI report “Saving 2 tigers gives more value than Mangalyaan”’ was intriguing, since it said that saving two tigers yields a capital benefit of Rs. 520 crores, while Mangalyaan cost us Rs. 450 crores. The headline was both exciting and hurtful. Excited by it, I contacted Professor Madhu Verma of the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, and she shared with me both a detailed report of 2015 titled: “Economic Evaluation of Tiger Reserves in India: A VALUE + Approach” (available free on the net as NTCA_Report 2015.pdf) and their recent research publication: “Making the Hidden Visible: Economic Valuation of Tiger Reserves in India” which appeared in the journal Ecosystem Services; 26 (2017): 236-244. Both were eye openers! Putting a price on Nature and commodifying it may hurt our sensibilities. On the other hand, the authors of the above paper point out that an economic analysis helps in determining the quantity of goods such as fuel wood, and fodder that can be allowed for extraction by local communities, based on trade-offs with other services. Such economic analysis also highlights why such “large” areas are reserved for preserving fierce animals like the tiger, when we need more land for human use. What is the total amount of land set apart for the 18 ranges as tiger reserves? It is 68,000 square km, which is about 2% of the area of India – set apart for the nation’s pride animal. A tiger reserve is not just for the tiger. The six reserves (Corbett, Kanha, Kaziranga, Periyar, Ranthambore, Sunderbans) that the team has studied house many other animals such as the elephant, rhino, langur, barasingha, mongoose, river dolphin, olive ridley turtle, crocodile — not to speak of the millions of herbs, plants and trees. What is the point in saving tigers? Why save this ferocious animal at all? Tigers are what conservationists call “umbrella” species. By saving them, we save everything beneath their ecological umbrella - everything connected to them - including the world's last great forests, whose carbon storage mitigates climate change. Vidya Venkat has written more about it in this newspaper of April 17, 2016. What all does a tiger reserve offer? The 2017 paper above lists the following: (1) employment generation, (2) agriculture (incidentally the famous IR-8 rice was discovered from the wild rice plants found in one such reserve), (3) fishing, (4) fuel wood, (5) fodder and grazing, (6) timber, (7) pollination of plants, (8) kendu leaves, (9) carbon storage and sequestration (vital for climate protection against global warming), (10) water and its purification by filtering organic wastes, (11) soil conservation, (12) nutrient cycling, and (13) moderation of extreme events such as cyclone storms, flash floods. Add to these cultural ones like tourism, education, research and development, and spiritual ones (like visiting temples within some of them). The approach, termed VALUE+, that the group uses has two components. The VALUE part indicates that the annual cost of putting together and maintaining the above six tiger reserves is about Rs. 23 crores. But then, what about the “flow benefits”? Take the Periyar Tiger Reserve as an example. VALUE estimates that this Reserve generates Rs. 17.6 billion (or Rs. 1.9 lakhs per hectare) per year. How? For example it helps provide water to Tamilnadu districts, amount to Rs. 4.05 billions /year. Or, take the famous Corbett Park (which is supposed to have the “maneaters of Kumaon”). Its flow benefit per year is Rs. 14.7 billion (Rs. 1.14 lakhs per hectare). And it provides water to some parts of Uttar Pradesh (at Rs. 1.61 billion per year) and Delhi (Rs. 530 million per year). In effect, the ratio of benefits to management costs is anywhere from 200 to 530. It is worth investing and managing reserves! And the + sign part in the study highlights benefits for which a monetary number is currently not possible (such as the “umbrella” mentioned above). Please click here to read more.