Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 73,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'catslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 73,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/unlike-China-which-supported-productivity-enhancing-research--and-development-investments-india-focus-has-been-on-politically-driven-subsidies/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/unlike-China-which-supported-productivity-enhancing-research--and-development-investments-india-focus-has-been-on-politically-driven-subsidies/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'catslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 74,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 74,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/unlike-China-which-supported-productivity-enhancing-research--and-development-investments-india-focus-has-been-on-politically-driven-subsidies/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/unlike-China-which-supported-productivity-enhancing-research--and-development-investments-india-focus-has-been-on-politically-driven-subsidies/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f07011d6aff-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f07011d6aff-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f07011d6aff-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f07011d6aff-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f07011d6aff-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f07011d6aff-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f07011d6aff-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f07011d6aff-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f07011d6aff-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 56148,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;amp;D investments, India&amp;rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked the relatively affluent residents of India&amp;rsquo;s financial capital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The March 2018 Maharashtra farmers&amp;rsquo; march and now the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown-triggered migrant exodus has exposed the stark duality of India &amp;ndash;&amp;nbsp; an urban class in its bubble of affluence created by three decades of economic liberalisation, insulated from the harsh reality of life in rural India.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Decades of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;rural distress&lt;/a&gt; has been driving tens of millions of Indians to leave their village homes to seek low-paid, low-skill jobs in big cities. The opening up of the economy in 1991 transformed the lives of the educated urban classes, but rural India has been left way behind.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;rsquo;s GDP increased at 7-9% starting in the mid-1990s, but agricultural growth averaged only 2.5-3.5%. The sector&amp;rsquo;s contribution to GDP declined from 23% in 2003-04 to about 14.6% in 2018, without a corresponding reduction in the population dependent on farming and related activities. The ratio of farm to non-farm incomes has worsened from 1:3 to 1:5, resulting in increasing rural indebtedness and marginalisation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;According to the latest estimates by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nearly 200 million Indians are undernourished. High levels of undernutrition in the country are estimated to annually cost about 3% of GDP.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;
&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;TheWire.in, 23 June, 2020, https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;unlike-China-which-supported-productivity-enhancing-research--and-development-investments-india-focus-has-been-on-politically-driven-subsidies&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 56148,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;China,India,Large Farmers,R &amp; D,Research and Development,Rural Enterprises,Rural Industrialisation,Small and Marginal Farmers,Town and Village Enterprises,TVEs,R &amp; D&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;-TheWire.in

Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;amp;D investments, India&amp;rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.

We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;amp;D investments, India&amp;rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked the relatively affluent residents of India&amp;rsquo;s financial capital.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The March 2018 Maharashtra farmers&amp;rsquo; march and now the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown-triggered migrant exodus has exposed the stark duality of India &amp;ndash;&amp;nbsp; an urban class in its bubble of affluence created by three decades of economic liberalisation, insulated from the harsh reality of life in rural India.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Decades of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;rural distress&lt;/a&gt; has been driving tens of millions of Indians to leave their village homes to seek low-paid, low-skill jobs in big cities. The opening up of the economy in 1991 transformed the lives of the educated urban classes, but rural India has been left way behind.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;rsquo;s GDP increased at 7-9% starting in the mid-1990s, but agricultural growth averaged only 2.5-3.5%. The sector&amp;rsquo;s contribution to GDP declined from 23% in 2003-04 to about 14.6% in 2018, without a corresponding reduction in the population dependent on farming and related activities. The ratio of farm to non-farm incomes has worsened from 1:3 to 1:5, resulting in increasing rural indebtedness and marginalisation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;According to the latest estimates by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nearly 200 million Indians are undernourished. High levels of undernutrition in the country are estimated to annually cost about 3% of GDP.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&quot; title=&quot;https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 56148,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;amp;D investments, India&amp;rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked the relatively affluent residents of India&amp;rsquo;s financial capital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The March 2018 Maharashtra farmers&amp;rsquo; march and now the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown-triggered migrant exodus has exposed the stark duality of India &amp;ndash;&amp;nbsp; an urban class in its bubble of affluence created by three decades of economic liberalisation, insulated from the harsh reality of life in rural India.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Decades of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;rural distress&lt;/a&gt; has been driving tens of millions of Indians to leave their village homes to seek low-paid, low-skill jobs in big cities. The opening up of the economy in 1991 transformed the lives of the educated urban classes, but rural India has been left way behind.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;rsquo;s GDP increased at 7-9% starting in the mid-1990s, but agricultural growth averaged only 2.5-3.5%. The sector&amp;rsquo;s contribution to GDP declined from 23% in 2003-04 to about 14.6% in 2018, without a corresponding reduction in the population dependent on farming and related activities. The ratio of farm to non-farm incomes has worsened from 1:3 to 1:5, resulting in increasing rural indebtedness and marginalisation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;According to the latest estimates by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nearly 200 million Indians are undernourished. High levels of undernutrition in the country are estimated to annually cost about 3% of GDP.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;
&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;TheWire.in, 23 June, 2020, https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;unlike-China-which-supported-productivity-enhancing-research--and-development-investments-india-focus-has-been-on-politically-driven-subsidies&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 5 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 6 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 7 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 8 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 9 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 10 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 56148
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;China,India,Large Farmers,R &amp; D,Research and Development,Rural Enterprises,Rural Industrialisation,Small and Marginal Farmers,Town and Village Enterprises,TVEs,R &amp; D&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;-TheWire.in

Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;amp;D investments, India&amp;rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.

We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;amp;D investments, India&amp;rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked the relatively affluent residents of India&amp;rsquo;s financial capital.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The March 2018 Maharashtra farmers&amp;rsquo; march and now the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown-triggered migrant exodus has exposed the stark duality of India &amp;ndash;&amp;nbsp; an urban class in its bubble of affluence created by three decades of economic liberalisation, insulated from the harsh reality of life in rural India.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Decades of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;rural distress&lt;/a&gt; has been driving tens of millions of Indians to leave their village homes to seek low-paid, low-skill jobs in big cities. The opening up of the economy in 1991 transformed the lives of the educated urban classes, but rural India has been left way behind.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;rsquo;s GDP increased at 7-9% starting in the mid-1990s, but agricultural growth averaged only 2.5-3.5%. The sector&amp;rsquo;s contribution to GDP declined from 23% in 2003-04 to about 14.6% in 2018, without a corresponding reduction in the population dependent on farming and related activities. The ratio of farm to non-farm incomes has worsened from 1:3 to 1:5, resulting in increasing rural indebtedness and marginalisation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;According to the latest estimates by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nearly 200 million Indians are undernourished. High levels of undernutrition in the country are estimated to annually cost about 3% of GDP.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&quot; title=&quot;https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/unlike-China-which-supported-productivity-enhancing-research--and-development-investments-india-focus-has-been-on-politically-driven-subsidies.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="-TheWire.in

Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;D investments, India&rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.

We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;D investments, India&rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked the relatively affluent residents of India&rsquo;s financial capital.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The March 2018 Maharashtra farmers&rsquo; march and now the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown-triggered migrant exodus has exposed the stark duality of India &ndash;&nbsp; an urban class in its bubble of affluence created by three decades of economic liberalisation, insulated from the harsh reality of life in rural India.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Decades of <a href="https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html" target="_blank" title="https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html" target="_blank">rural distress</a> has been driving tens of millions of Indians to leave their village homes to seek low-paid, low-skill jobs in big cities. The opening up of the economy in 1991 transformed the lives of the educated urban classes, but rural India has been left way behind.</p><p style="text-align:justify">India&rsquo;s GDP increased at 7-9% starting in the mid-1990s, but agricultural growth averaged only 2.5-3.5%. The sector&rsquo;s contribution to GDP declined from 23% in 2003-04 to about 14.6% in 2018, without a corresponding reduction in the population dependent on farming and related activities. The ratio of farm to non-farm incomes has worsened from 1:3 to 1:5, resulting in increasing rural indebtedness and marginalisation.</p><p style="text-align:justify">According to the latest estimates by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nearly 200 million Indians are undernourished. High levels of undernutrition in the country are estimated to annually cost about 3% of GDP.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth" title="https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth">click here</a> to read more.</p>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$maxBufferLength = (int) 8192
$file = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php'
$line = (int) 853
$message = 'Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853'
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148]
Code Context
            $response->getStatusCode(),

            ($reasonPhrase ? ' ' . $reasonPhrase : '')

        ));
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f07011d6aff-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f07011d6aff-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f07011d6aff-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f07011d6aff-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f07011d6aff-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f07011d6aff-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f07011d6aff-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f07011d6aff-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f07011d6aff-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 56148,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;amp;D investments, India&amp;rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked the relatively affluent residents of India&amp;rsquo;s financial capital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The March 2018 Maharashtra farmers&amp;rsquo; march and now the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown-triggered migrant exodus has exposed the stark duality of India &amp;ndash;&amp;nbsp; an urban class in its bubble of affluence created by three decades of economic liberalisation, insulated from the harsh reality of life in rural India.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Decades of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;rural distress&lt;/a&gt; has been driving tens of millions of Indians to leave their village homes to seek low-paid, low-skill jobs in big cities. The opening up of the economy in 1991 transformed the lives of the educated urban classes, but rural India has been left way behind.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;rsquo;s GDP increased at 7-9% starting in the mid-1990s, but agricultural growth averaged only 2.5-3.5%. The sector&amp;rsquo;s contribution to GDP declined from 23% in 2003-04 to about 14.6% in 2018, without a corresponding reduction in the population dependent on farming and related activities. The ratio of farm to non-farm incomes has worsened from 1:3 to 1:5, resulting in increasing rural indebtedness and marginalisation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;According to the latest estimates by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nearly 200 million Indians are undernourished. High levels of undernutrition in the country are estimated to annually cost about 3% of GDP.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;
&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;TheWire.in, 23 June, 2020, https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;unlike-China-which-supported-productivity-enhancing-research--and-development-investments-india-focus-has-been-on-politically-driven-subsidies&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 56148,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;China,India,Large Farmers,R &amp; D,Research and Development,Rural Enterprises,Rural Industrialisation,Small and Marginal Farmers,Town and Village Enterprises,TVEs,R &amp; D&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;-TheWire.in

Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;amp;D investments, India&amp;rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.

We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;amp;D investments, India&amp;rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked the relatively affluent residents of India&amp;rsquo;s financial capital.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The March 2018 Maharashtra farmers&amp;rsquo; march and now the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown-triggered migrant exodus has exposed the stark duality of India &amp;ndash;&amp;nbsp; an urban class in its bubble of affluence created by three decades of economic liberalisation, insulated from the harsh reality of life in rural India.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Decades of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;rural distress&lt;/a&gt; has been driving tens of millions of Indians to leave their village homes to seek low-paid, low-skill jobs in big cities. The opening up of the economy in 1991 transformed the lives of the educated urban classes, but rural India has been left way behind.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;rsquo;s GDP increased at 7-9% starting in the mid-1990s, but agricultural growth averaged only 2.5-3.5%. The sector&amp;rsquo;s contribution to GDP declined from 23% in 2003-04 to about 14.6% in 2018, without a corresponding reduction in the population dependent on farming and related activities. The ratio of farm to non-farm incomes has worsened from 1:3 to 1:5, resulting in increasing rural indebtedness and marginalisation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;According to the latest estimates by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nearly 200 million Indians are undernourished. High levels of undernutrition in the country are estimated to annually cost about 3% of GDP.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&quot; title=&quot;https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 56148,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;amp;D investments, India&amp;rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked the relatively affluent residents of India&amp;rsquo;s financial capital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The March 2018 Maharashtra farmers&amp;rsquo; march and now the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown-triggered migrant exodus has exposed the stark duality of India &amp;ndash;&amp;nbsp; an urban class in its bubble of affluence created by three decades of economic liberalisation, insulated from the harsh reality of life in rural India.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Decades of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;rural distress&lt;/a&gt; has been driving tens of millions of Indians to leave their village homes to seek low-paid, low-skill jobs in big cities. The opening up of the economy in 1991 transformed the lives of the educated urban classes, but rural India has been left way behind.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;rsquo;s GDP increased at 7-9% starting in the mid-1990s, but agricultural growth averaged only 2.5-3.5%. The sector&amp;rsquo;s contribution to GDP declined from 23% in 2003-04 to about 14.6% in 2018, without a corresponding reduction in the population dependent on farming and related activities. The ratio of farm to non-farm incomes has worsened from 1:3 to 1:5, resulting in increasing rural indebtedness and marginalisation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;According to the latest estimates by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nearly 200 million Indians are undernourished. High levels of undernutrition in the country are estimated to annually cost about 3% of GDP.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;
&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;TheWire.in, 23 June, 2020, https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;unlike-China-which-supported-productivity-enhancing-research--and-development-investments-india-focus-has-been-on-politically-driven-subsidies&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 5 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 6 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 7 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 8 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 9 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 10 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 56148
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;China,India,Large Farmers,R &amp; D,Research and Development,Rural Enterprises,Rural Industrialisation,Small and Marginal Farmers,Town and Village Enterprises,TVEs,R &amp; D&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;-TheWire.in

Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;amp;D investments, India&amp;rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.

We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;amp;D investments, India&amp;rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked the relatively affluent residents of India&amp;rsquo;s financial capital.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The March 2018 Maharashtra farmers&amp;rsquo; march and now the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown-triggered migrant exodus has exposed the stark duality of India &amp;ndash;&amp;nbsp; an urban class in its bubble of affluence created by three decades of economic liberalisation, insulated from the harsh reality of life in rural India.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Decades of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;rural distress&lt;/a&gt; has been driving tens of millions of Indians to leave their village homes to seek low-paid, low-skill jobs in big cities. The opening up of the economy in 1991 transformed the lives of the educated urban classes, but rural India has been left way behind.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;rsquo;s GDP increased at 7-9% starting in the mid-1990s, but agricultural growth averaged only 2.5-3.5%. The sector&amp;rsquo;s contribution to GDP declined from 23% in 2003-04 to about 14.6% in 2018, without a corresponding reduction in the population dependent on farming and related activities. The ratio of farm to non-farm incomes has worsened from 1:3 to 1:5, resulting in increasing rural indebtedness and marginalisation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;According to the latest estimates by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nearly 200 million Indians are undernourished. High levels of undernutrition in the country are estimated to annually cost about 3% of GDP.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&quot; title=&quot;https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/unlike-China-which-supported-productivity-enhancing-research--and-development-investments-india-focus-has-been-on-politically-driven-subsidies.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="-TheWire.in

Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;D investments, India&rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.

We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;D investments, India&rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked the relatively affluent residents of India&rsquo;s financial capital.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The March 2018 Maharashtra farmers&rsquo; march and now the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown-triggered migrant exodus has exposed the stark duality of India &ndash;&nbsp; an urban class in its bubble of affluence created by three decades of economic liberalisation, insulated from the harsh reality of life in rural India.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Decades of <a href="https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html" target="_blank" title="https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html" target="_blank">rural distress</a> has been driving tens of millions of Indians to leave their village homes to seek low-paid, low-skill jobs in big cities. The opening up of the economy in 1991 transformed the lives of the educated urban classes, but rural India has been left way behind.</p><p style="text-align:justify">India&rsquo;s GDP increased at 7-9% starting in the mid-1990s, but agricultural growth averaged only 2.5-3.5%. The sector&rsquo;s contribution to GDP declined from 23% in 2003-04 to about 14.6% in 2018, without a corresponding reduction in the population dependent on farming and related activities. The ratio of farm to non-farm incomes has worsened from 1:3 to 1:5, resulting in increasing rural indebtedness and marginalisation.</p><p style="text-align:justify">According to the latest estimates by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nearly 200 million Indians are undernourished. High levels of undernutrition in the country are estimated to annually cost about 3% of GDP.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth" title="https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth">click here</a> to read more.</p>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$reasonPhrase = 'OK'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitStatusLine() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 54
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181]
Code Context
                    $value

                ), $first);

                $first = false;
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f07011d6aff-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f07011d6aff-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f07011d6aff-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f07011d6aff-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f07011d6aff-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f07011d6aff-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f07011d6aff-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f07011d6aff-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f07011d6aff-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 56148,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;amp;D investments, India&amp;rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked the relatively affluent residents of India&amp;rsquo;s financial capital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The March 2018 Maharashtra farmers&amp;rsquo; march and now the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown-triggered migrant exodus has exposed the stark duality of India &amp;ndash;&amp;nbsp; an urban class in its bubble of affluence created by three decades of economic liberalisation, insulated from the harsh reality of life in rural India.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Decades of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;rural distress&lt;/a&gt; has been driving tens of millions of Indians to leave their village homes to seek low-paid, low-skill jobs in big cities. The opening up of the economy in 1991 transformed the lives of the educated urban classes, but rural India has been left way behind.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;rsquo;s GDP increased at 7-9% starting in the mid-1990s, but agricultural growth averaged only 2.5-3.5%. The sector&amp;rsquo;s contribution to GDP declined from 23% in 2003-04 to about 14.6% in 2018, without a corresponding reduction in the population dependent on farming and related activities. The ratio of farm to non-farm incomes has worsened from 1:3 to 1:5, resulting in increasing rural indebtedness and marginalisation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;According to the latest estimates by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nearly 200 million Indians are undernourished. High levels of undernutrition in the country are estimated to annually cost about 3% of GDP.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;
&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;TheWire.in, 23 June, 2020, https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;unlike-China-which-supported-productivity-enhancing-research--and-development-investments-india-focus-has-been-on-politically-driven-subsidies&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 56148,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;China,India,Large Farmers,R &amp; D,Research and Development,Rural Enterprises,Rural Industrialisation,Small and Marginal Farmers,Town and Village Enterprises,TVEs,R &amp; D&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;-TheWire.in

Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;amp;D investments, India&amp;rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.

We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;amp;D investments, India&amp;rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked the relatively affluent residents of India&amp;rsquo;s financial capital.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The March 2018 Maharashtra farmers&amp;rsquo; march and now the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown-triggered migrant exodus has exposed the stark duality of India &amp;ndash;&amp;nbsp; an urban class in its bubble of affluence created by three decades of economic liberalisation, insulated from the harsh reality of life in rural India.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Decades of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;rural distress&lt;/a&gt; has been driving tens of millions of Indians to leave their village homes to seek low-paid, low-skill jobs in big cities. The opening up of the economy in 1991 transformed the lives of the educated urban classes, but rural India has been left way behind.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;rsquo;s GDP increased at 7-9% starting in the mid-1990s, but agricultural growth averaged only 2.5-3.5%. The sector&amp;rsquo;s contribution to GDP declined from 23% in 2003-04 to about 14.6% in 2018, without a corresponding reduction in the population dependent on farming and related activities. The ratio of farm to non-farm incomes has worsened from 1:3 to 1:5, resulting in increasing rural indebtedness and marginalisation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;According to the latest estimates by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nearly 200 million Indians are undernourished. High levels of undernutrition in the country are estimated to annually cost about 3% of GDP.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&quot; title=&quot;https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 56148,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;amp;D investments, India&amp;rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked the relatively affluent residents of India&amp;rsquo;s financial capital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The March 2018 Maharashtra farmers&amp;rsquo; march and now the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown-triggered migrant exodus has exposed the stark duality of India &amp;ndash;&amp;nbsp; an urban class in its bubble of affluence created by three decades of economic liberalisation, insulated from the harsh reality of life in rural India.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Decades of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;rural distress&lt;/a&gt; has been driving tens of millions of Indians to leave their village homes to seek low-paid, low-skill jobs in big cities. The opening up of the economy in 1991 transformed the lives of the educated urban classes, but rural India has been left way behind.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;rsquo;s GDP increased at 7-9% starting in the mid-1990s, but agricultural growth averaged only 2.5-3.5%. The sector&amp;rsquo;s contribution to GDP declined from 23% in 2003-04 to about 14.6% in 2018, without a corresponding reduction in the population dependent on farming and related activities. The ratio of farm to non-farm incomes has worsened from 1:3 to 1:5, resulting in increasing rural indebtedness and marginalisation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;According to the latest estimates by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nearly 200 million Indians are undernourished. High levels of undernutrition in the country are estimated to annually cost about 3% of GDP.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;
&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;TheWire.in, 23 June, 2020, https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;unlike-China-which-supported-productivity-enhancing-research--and-development-investments-india-focus-has-been-on-politically-driven-subsidies&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 5 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 6 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 7 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 8 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 9 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 10 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 56148
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;China,India,Large Farmers,R &amp; D,Research and Development,Rural Enterprises,Rural Industrialisation,Small and Marginal Farmers,Town and Village Enterprises,TVEs,R &amp; D&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;-TheWire.in

Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;amp;D investments, India&amp;rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.

We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;amp;D investments, India&amp;rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked the relatively affluent residents of India&amp;rsquo;s financial capital.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The March 2018 Maharashtra farmers&amp;rsquo; march and now the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown-triggered migrant exodus has exposed the stark duality of India &amp;ndash;&amp;nbsp; an urban class in its bubble of affluence created by three decades of economic liberalisation, insulated from the harsh reality of life in rural India.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Decades of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;rural distress&lt;/a&gt; has been driving tens of millions of Indians to leave their village homes to seek low-paid, low-skill jobs in big cities. The opening up of the economy in 1991 transformed the lives of the educated urban classes, but rural India has been left way behind.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;rsquo;s GDP increased at 7-9% starting in the mid-1990s, but agricultural growth averaged only 2.5-3.5%. The sector&amp;rsquo;s contribution to GDP declined from 23% in 2003-04 to about 14.6% in 2018, without a corresponding reduction in the population dependent on farming and related activities. The ratio of farm to non-farm incomes has worsened from 1:3 to 1:5, resulting in increasing rural indebtedness and marginalisation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;According to the latest estimates by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nearly 200 million Indians are undernourished. High levels of undernutrition in the country are estimated to annually cost about 3% of GDP.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&quot; title=&quot;https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/unlike-China-which-supported-productivity-enhancing-research--and-development-investments-india-focus-has-been-on-politically-driven-subsidies.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="-TheWire.in

Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;D investments, India&rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.

We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;D investments, India&rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked the relatively affluent residents of India&rsquo;s financial capital.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The March 2018 Maharashtra farmers&rsquo; march and now the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown-triggered migrant exodus has exposed the stark duality of India &ndash;&nbsp; an urban class in its bubble of affluence created by three decades of economic liberalisation, insulated from the harsh reality of life in rural India.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Decades of <a href="https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html" target="_blank" title="https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html" target="_blank">rural distress</a> has been driving tens of millions of Indians to leave their village homes to seek low-paid, low-skill jobs in big cities. The opening up of the economy in 1991 transformed the lives of the educated urban classes, but rural India has been left way behind.</p><p style="text-align:justify">India&rsquo;s GDP increased at 7-9% starting in the mid-1990s, but agricultural growth averaged only 2.5-3.5%. The sector&rsquo;s contribution to GDP declined from 23% in 2003-04 to about 14.6% in 2018, without a corresponding reduction in the population dependent on farming and related activities. The ratio of farm to non-farm incomes has worsened from 1:3 to 1:5, resulting in increasing rural indebtedness and marginalisation.</p><p style="text-align:justify">According to the latest estimates by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nearly 200 million Indians are undernourished. High levels of undernutrition in the country are estimated to annually cost about 3% of GDP.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth" title="https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth">click here</a> to read more.</p>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$cookies = []
$values = [
	(int) 0 => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
]
$name = 'Content-Type'
$first = true
$value = 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitHeaders() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 55
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

<head>

    <link rel="canonical" href="<?php echo Configure::read('SITE_URL'); ?><?php echo $urlPrefix;?><?php echo $article_current->category->slug; ?>/<?php echo $article_current->seo_url; ?>.html"/>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>

$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp'
$dataForView = [
	'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		'id' => (int) 56148,
		'title' => 'How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal',
		'subheading' => null,
		'description' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><em>Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;D investments, India&rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.</em></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked the relatively affluent residents of India&rsquo;s financial capital.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">The March 2018 Maharashtra farmers&rsquo; march and now the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown-triggered migrant exodus has exposed the stark duality of India &ndash;&nbsp; an urban class in its bubble of affluence created by three decades of economic liberalisation, insulated from the harsh reality of life in rural India.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Decades of <a href="https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html" target="_blank">rural distress</a> has been driving tens of millions of Indians to leave their village homes to seek low-paid, low-skill jobs in big cities. The opening up of the economy in 1991 transformed the lives of the educated urban classes, but rural India has been left way behind.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">India&rsquo;s GDP increased at 7-9% starting in the mid-1990s, but agricultural growth averaged only 2.5-3.5%. The sector&rsquo;s contribution to GDP declined from 23% in 2003-04 to about 14.6% in 2018, without a corresponding reduction in the population dependent on farming and related activities. The ratio of farm to non-farm incomes has worsened from 1:3 to 1:5, resulting in increasing rural indebtedness and marginalisation.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">According to the latest estimates by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nearly 200 million Indians are undernourished. High levels of undernutrition in the country are estimated to annually cost about 3% of GDP.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth">click here</a> to read more.</p>
',
		'credit_writer' => 'TheWire.in, 23 June, 2020, https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth',
		'article_img' => '',
		'article_img_thumb' => '',
		'status' => (int) 1,
		'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
		'lang' => 'EN',
		'category_id' => (int) 16,
		'tag_keyword' => '',
		'seo_url' => 'unlike-China-which-supported-productivity-enhancing-research--and-development-investments-india-focus-has-been-on-politically-driven-subsidies',
		'meta_title' => '',
		'meta_keywords' => '',
		'meta_description' => '',
		'noindex' => (int) 1,
		'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		'most_visit_section_id' => null,
		'article_big_img' => null,
		'liveid' => null,
		'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'edate' => '',
		'tags' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[hasErrors]' => false,
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'Articles'
	
	},
	'articleid' => (int) 56148,
	'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal',
	'metaKeywords' => 'China,India,Large Farmers,R & D,Research and Development,Rural Enterprises,Rural Industrialisation,Small and Marginal Farmers,Town and Village Enterprises,TVEs,R & D',
	'metaDesc' => '-TheWire.in

Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;D investments, India&rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.

We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked...',
	'disp' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;D investments, India&rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked the relatively affluent residents of India&rsquo;s financial capital.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The March 2018 Maharashtra farmers&rsquo; march and now the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown-triggered migrant exodus has exposed the stark duality of India &ndash;&nbsp; an urban class in its bubble of affluence created by three decades of economic liberalisation, insulated from the harsh reality of life in rural India.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Decades of <a href="https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html" target="_blank" title="https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html" target="_blank">rural distress</a> has been driving tens of millions of Indians to leave their village homes to seek low-paid, low-skill jobs in big cities. The opening up of the economy in 1991 transformed the lives of the educated urban classes, but rural India has been left way behind.</p><p style="text-align:justify">India&rsquo;s GDP increased at 7-9% starting in the mid-1990s, but agricultural growth averaged only 2.5-3.5%. The sector&rsquo;s contribution to GDP declined from 23% in 2003-04 to about 14.6% in 2018, without a corresponding reduction in the population dependent on farming and related activities. The ratio of farm to non-farm incomes has worsened from 1:3 to 1:5, resulting in increasing rural indebtedness and marginalisation.</p><p style="text-align:justify">According to the latest estimates by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nearly 200 million Indians are undernourished. High levels of undernutrition in the country are estimated to annually cost about 3% of GDP.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth" title="https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth">click here</a> to read more.</p>',
	'lang' => 'English',
	'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/',
	'site_title' => 'im4change',
	'adminprix' => 'admin'
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	'id' => (int) 56148,
	'title' => 'How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal',
	'subheading' => null,
	'description' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><em>Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;D investments, India&rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.</em></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked the relatively affluent residents of India&rsquo;s financial capital.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">The March 2018 Maharashtra farmers&rsquo; march and now the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown-triggered migrant exodus has exposed the stark duality of India &ndash;&nbsp; an urban class in its bubble of affluence created by three decades of economic liberalisation, insulated from the harsh reality of life in rural India.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Decades of <a href="https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html" target="_blank">rural distress</a> has been driving tens of millions of Indians to leave their village homes to seek low-paid, low-skill jobs in big cities. The opening up of the economy in 1991 transformed the lives of the educated urban classes, but rural India has been left way behind.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">India&rsquo;s GDP increased at 7-9% starting in the mid-1990s, but agricultural growth averaged only 2.5-3.5%. The sector&rsquo;s contribution to GDP declined from 23% in 2003-04 to about 14.6% in 2018, without a corresponding reduction in the population dependent on farming and related activities. The ratio of farm to non-farm incomes has worsened from 1:3 to 1:5, resulting in increasing rural indebtedness and marginalisation.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">According to the latest estimates by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nearly 200 million Indians are undernourished. High levels of undernutrition in the country are estimated to annually cost about 3% of GDP.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth">click here</a> to read more.</p>
',
	'credit_writer' => 'TheWire.in, 23 June, 2020, https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth',
	'article_img' => '',
	'article_img_thumb' => '',
	'status' => (int) 1,
	'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
	'lang' => 'EN',
	'category_id' => (int) 16,
	'tag_keyword' => '',
	'seo_url' => 'unlike-China-which-supported-productivity-enhancing-research--and-development-investments-india-focus-has-been-on-politically-driven-subsidies',
	'meta_title' => '',
	'meta_keywords' => '',
	'meta_description' => '',
	'noindex' => (int) 1,
	'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	'most_visit_section_id' => null,
	'article_big_img' => null,
	'liveid' => null,
	'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'edate' => '',
	'tags' => [
		(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 6 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	'[new]' => false,
	'[accessible]' => [
		'*' => true,
		'id' => false
	],
	'[dirty]' => [],
	'[original]' => [],
	'[virtual]' => [],
	'[hasErrors]' => false,
	'[errors]' => [],
	'[invalid]' => [],
	'[repository]' => 'Articles'

}
$articleid = (int) 56148
$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal'
$metaKeywords = 'China,India,Large Farmers,R & D,Research and Development,Rural Enterprises,Rural Industrialisation,Small and Marginal Farmers,Town and Village Enterprises,TVEs,R & D'
$metaDesc = '-TheWire.in

Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;D investments, India&rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.

We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked...'
$disp = '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&amp;D investments, India&rsquo;s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked the relatively affluent residents of India&rsquo;s financial capital.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The March 2018 Maharashtra farmers&rsquo; march and now the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown-triggered migrant exodus has exposed the stark duality of India &ndash;&nbsp; an urban class in its bubble of affluence created by three decades of economic liberalisation, insulated from the harsh reality of life in rural India.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Decades of <a href="https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html" target="_blank" title="https://www.im4change.org/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html" target="_blank">rural distress</a> has been driving tens of millions of Indians to leave their village homes to seek low-paid, low-skill jobs in big cities. The opening up of the economy in 1991 transformed the lives of the educated urban classes, but rural India has been left way behind.</p><p style="text-align:justify">India&rsquo;s GDP increased at 7-9% starting in the mid-1990s, but agricultural growth averaged only 2.5-3.5%. The sector&rsquo;s contribution to GDP declined from 23% in 2003-04 to about 14.6% in 2018, without a corresponding reduction in the population dependent on farming and related activities. The ratio of farm to non-farm incomes has worsened from 1:3 to 1:5, resulting in increasing rural indebtedness and marginalisation.</p><p style="text-align:justify">According to the latest estimates by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nearly 200 million Indians are undernourished. High levels of undernutrition in the country are estimated to annually cost about 3% of GDP.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth" title="https://thewire.in/agriculture/urban-rural-economic-growth">click here</a> to read more.</p>'
$lang = 'English'
$SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/'
$site_title = 'im4change'
$adminprix = 'admin'

include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51

How China Reduced the Urban-Rural Economic Chasm – and How India Can Do it Too -Mahesh Uniyal

-TheWire.in Unlike China which supported productivity-enhancing R&D investments, India’s focus has been on politically-driven subsidies that mainly benefit large farmers. We saw the trailer two years ago. TV news visuals of the plight of thousands of rural poor marching to Mumbai shocked the relatively affluent residents of India’s financial capital. The March 2018 Maharashtra farmers’ march and now the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown-triggered migrant exodus has exposed the stark duality of India –  an urban class in its bubble of affluence created by three decades of economic liberalisation, insulated from the harsh reality of life in rural India. Decades of rural distress has been driving tens of millions of Indians to leave their village homes to seek low-paid, low-skill jobs in big cities. The opening up of the economy in 1991 transformed the lives of the educated urban classes, but rural India has been left way behind. India’s GDP increased at 7-9% starting in the mid-1990s, but agricultural growth averaged only 2.5-3.5%. The sector’s contribution to GDP declined from 23% in 2003-04 to about 14.6% in 2018, without a corresponding reduction in the population dependent on farming and related activities. The ratio of farm to non-farm incomes has worsened from 1:3 to 1:5, resulting in increasing rural indebtedness and marginalisation. According to the latest estimates by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nearly 200 million Indians are undernourished. High levels of undernutrition in the country are estimated to annually cost about 3% of GDP. Please click here to read more.