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Water conservation and NREGA in tribal areas of Madhya Pradesh -Manish Dungdung

-India Water Portal

NREGA has emerged as a go-to scheme for water conservation in tribal areas leading to higher irrigation coverage and thus augmenting agricultural production

Out of India’s total population of 1210.19 million, 104 million, i.e., 8.6% are tribal (Census, 2011), India has one of the highest diversity among the tribes in the world. Broadly tribal inhabit two distinct geographical areas – the Central Indian Tribal Belt and the North-East. About 80% of the tribal population lives in the Central Indian Tribal Belt, stretching from West Bengal in the east to Rajasthan in the west.1

Many tribal communities live in unreachable areas with social and economic backwardness and fall under the low-performing communities under various development indicators. Significant sources of livelihood for them are agriculture and minor forest produce. Agriculture requires water for irrigation, and living in remote areas means irrigation depends on rainfall.

Madhya Pradesh, one of the Central India Tribal Belt states, has 15.3 million tribal people, constituting 21% of the state’s population. Important tribes living in the state are Bhil, Gonds, Kol, Korku, Sahariya, and Baiga.

Out of total agriculture area in Madhya Pradesh, unirrigated area amounts to 64.3%, and in tribal districts, it is 80%.2 40% of the tribals have small and marginal holding, of the land having land of below 2 hectares.

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