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What Indians think about religion and religious differences, in five charts -Rukmini S

-Livemint.com

The coexistence of people of multiple faiths, often in close proximity, is often seen as one of the successes of modern India. A new report shows that deep suspicion and even antipathy underlies this coexistence.

Indians profess respect for all religions but want to live their own lives among co-religionists, a new survey conducted by the Pew Research Centre shows. A majority across religions believe that stopping inter-religious marriage should be a high priority, the data shows.

Pew conducted a nationally representative face-to-face survey among 30,000 Indian adults across the country between November 2019 and March 2020, a period that happened to coincide with the passage of the Citizenship Amendment Act in Parliament in December 2019, and the mass protests that followed until the pandemic hit. The findings were released on Tuesday evening.

Building Ghettos

The majority of people across all religions say that the freedom to practise all religions freely is important to their own religion, and to their identity as Indians. But most Indians across religions feel that they have little in common with those from other religions - just 23% of Hindus feel that they have a lot in common with Muslims, and just 29% of Muslims feel the same way about Hindus. Most Indians make friends within their own religious groups only - even Sikhs and Jains who are numerically small groups.

The foundations of India’s segregated cities and villages are clear: 45% of Hindus and 36% of Muslims would not be willing to accept a person of a certain other religious group as a neighbour. Among all religious groups, the neighbourly antipathy is highest towards potential Muslim neighbours. This is especially true of Jains, Hindus, and Sikhs. Antipathy towards Dalit or scheduled caste (SC) neighbours is much lower in comparison.

No to Intermarriage

85 years after B. R. Ambedkar wrote that the “real remedy for breaking Caste is intermarriage. Nothing else will serve as the solvent of Caste," most Indians remain firmly opposed to interreligious and inter-caste marriage, saying that stopping it is a high priority for them. 80% of Muslims say it is very important to stop Muslim women from marrying outside their religion, and 67% of Hindus in turn want to prevent Hindu women from marrying outside their religion, the Pew report shows. A marginally lower share feel the same way about men from their communities. Unsurprisingly, fewer than 1% of people say that they are married to someone from a different religion.

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