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Resource centre on India's rural distress
 
 

Where are India’s schooling systems lagging behind? - Sanjay Kaul

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Though the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 (RTE Act) has refocussed attention on school education in recent years, some fundamental problems continue to plague the system. Despite the constitutional and legal obligations of governments, education budgets have remained modest and woefully inadequate to requirements. While there has been a reasonable expansion of coverage and enrolment in schools, the fundamental issue of poor learning outcomes, especially in government schools, has not been addressed.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been particularly devastating for school children. The vast majority of the country’s estimated 260 million school children did not set foot in school for almost 18 months since the beginning of the COVID-19 lockdown. 

Along with the growth in the school network, enrolment has also increased at a rapid pace. By 2015, primary school enrolment had gone up to 97 per cent, and attendance was reasonably high, at over 70 per cent. However, enrolment at the secondary level remains low, with the net enrolment rate (NER) remaining below 50 per cent.

As shown by Pratham’s ASER survey, a central issue in school education at the primary stage is the low learning levels. While there could be a debate on the methodology adopted by Pratham in assessing learning levels, it is undisputed that despite the recent focus on measuring outcomes, learning continues to show only marginal improvement at best. 

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