Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Exploring the role of the black economy in political finance and how it subverts democracy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Book: Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Editors: Devesh Kapur &amp;amp; Milan Vaishnav &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Publisher: Oxford University Press&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Page: 311 &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Price: Rs 750&lt;br /&gt;
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Money in politics is an issue of great concern for the Indian polity. Most believe it undermines democracy in India so that what formally looks like a great democracy turns out to be just a shell of a democracy. In Hind Swaraj, Gandhi critiqued British parliamentary democracy on political grounds but big money in elections subverts it further. The bulk of the finance used by political parties, not only for their election campaigns but for their day-to-day operations, are from illicit sources and, hence, black. The book under review addresses this issue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The book consists of several articles based on field surveys and detailed interviews. However, such surveys cannot give an idea of total expenditures on an election &amp;mdash; the fallacy of composition. On the basis of a survey of 14 members of Parliament (1998 elections), this author found no correlation between the declared expenditures and the actual expenditures, obtained from the candidates and their election agents. This was presented in the book, Black Economy in India in 1999. The survey revealed that the black economy plays a critical role in Indian political finance. Each of the articles in the volume also refer to the role of the black economy in election finance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/wheres-the-money-coming-from-costs-of-democracy-book-review-5378722/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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Exploring the role of the black economy in political finance and how it subverts democracy.

Book: Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India

Editors: Devesh Kapur &amp;amp; Milan Vaishnav 

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Page: 311 &amp;nbsp;

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	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Exploring the role of the black economy in political finance and how it subverts democracy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Book: Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Editors: Devesh Kapur &amp;amp; Milan Vaishnav &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Publisher: Oxford University Press&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Page: 311 &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Price: Rs 750&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Money in politics is an issue of great concern for the Indian polity. Most believe it undermines democracy in India so that what formally looks like a great democracy turns out to be just a shell of a democracy. In Hind Swaraj, Gandhi critiqued British parliamentary democracy on political grounds but big money in elections subverts it further. The bulk of the finance used by political parties, not only for their election campaigns but for their day-to-day operations, are from illicit sources and, hence, black. The book under review addresses this issue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The book consists of several articles based on field surveys and detailed interviews. However, such surveys cannot give an idea of total expenditures on an election &amp;mdash; the fallacy of composition. On the basis of a survey of 14 members of Parliament (1998 elections), this author found no correlation between the declared expenditures and the actual expenditures, obtained from the candidates and their election agents. This was presented in the book, Black Economy in India in 1999. The survey revealed that the black economy plays a critical role in Indian political finance. Each of the articles in the volume also refer to the role of the black economy in election finance.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The black economy implies illegality in legal sectors of the economy. It has been argued by this author that black economy, to survive, has to subvert democracy to control power. The book under review consists of seven well-researched chapters written by nine authors. It presents the current reality that much money is needed to fight elections and that a lot of it is black, but misses part of the causal chain &amp;mdash; the growth of the black economy requires a weakening of democracy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/wheres-the-money-coming-from-costs-of-democracy-book-review-5378722/&quot; title=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/wheres-the-money-coming-from-costs-of-democracy-book-review-5378722/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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&lt;br /&gt;
The book consists of several articles based on field surveys and detailed interviews. However, such surveys cannot give an idea of total expenditures on an election &amp;mdash; the fallacy of composition. On the basis of a survey of 14 members of Parliament (1998 elections), this author found no correlation between the declared expenditures and the actual expenditures, obtained from the candidates and their election agents. This was presented in the book, Black Economy in India in 1999. The survey revealed that the black economy plays a critical role in Indian political finance. Each of the articles in the volume also refer to the role of the black economy in election finance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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Exploring the role of the black economy in political finance and how it subverts democracy.

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Editors: Devesh Kapur &amp;amp; Milan Vaishnav 

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Page: 311 &amp;nbsp;

Price: Rs 750

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-The Indian Express

Exploring the role of the black economy in political finance and how it subverts democracy.

Book: Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India

Editors: Devesh Kapur &amp; Milan Vaishnav 

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Page: 311 &nbsp;

Price: Rs 750

Money in politics is..."/>
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                <strong>Where&#039;s the money coming from? -Arun Kumar (Book review)</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Exploring the role of the black economy in political finance and how it subverts democracy.<br /></em><br /><strong>Book: Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India<br /><br />Editors: Devesh Kapur &amp; Milan Vaishnav <br /><br />Publisher: Oxford University Press<br /><br />Page: 311 &nbsp;<br /><br />Price: Rs 750<br /></strong><br />Money in politics is an issue of great concern for the Indian polity. Most believe it undermines democracy in India so that what formally looks like a great democracy turns out to be just a shell of a democracy. In Hind Swaraj, Gandhi critiqued British parliamentary democracy on political grounds but big money in elections subverts it further. The bulk of the finance used by political parties, not only for their election campaigns but for their day-to-day operations, are from illicit sources and, hence, black. The book under review addresses this issue.<br /><br />The book consists of several articles based on field surveys and detailed interviews. However, such surveys cannot give an idea of total expenditures on an election &mdash; the fallacy of composition. On the basis of a survey of 14 members of Parliament (1998 elections), this author found no correlation between the declared expenditures and the actual expenditures, obtained from the candidates and their election agents. This was presented in the book, Black Economy in India in 1999. The survey revealed that the black economy plays a critical role in Indian political finance. Each of the articles in the volume also refer to the role of the black economy in election finance.<br /><br />The black economy implies illegality in legal sectors of the economy. It has been argued by this author that black economy, to survive, has to subvert democracy to control power. The book under review consists of seven well-researched chapters written by nine authors. It presents the current reality that much money is needed to fight elections and that a lot of it is black, but misses part of the causal chain &mdash; the growth of the black economy requires a weakening of democracy.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/wheres-the-money-coming-from-costs-of-democracy-book-review-5378722/" title="https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/wheres-the-money-coming-from-costs-of-democracy-book-review-5378722/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0643837882-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0643837882-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f0643837882-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0643837882-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0643837882-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0643837882-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0643837882-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f0643837882-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Exploring the role of the black economy in political finance and how it subverts democracy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Book: Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Editors: Devesh Kapur &amp;amp; Milan Vaishnav &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Publisher: Oxford University Press&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Page: 311 &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Price: Rs 750&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
The book consists of several articles based on field surveys and detailed interviews. However, such surveys cannot give an idea of total expenditures on an election &amp;mdash; the fallacy of composition. On the basis of a survey of 14 members of Parliament (1998 elections), this author found no correlation between the declared expenditures and the actual expenditures, obtained from the candidates and their election agents. This was presented in the book, Black Economy in India in 1999. The survey revealed that the black economy plays a critical role in Indian political finance. Each of the articles in the volume also refer to the role of the black economy in election finance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
The book consists of several articles based on field surveys and detailed interviews. However, such surveys cannot give an idea of total expenditures on an election &amp;mdash; the fallacy of composition. On the basis of a survey of 14 members of Parliament (1998 elections), this author found no correlation between the declared expenditures and the actual expenditures, obtained from the candidates and their election agents. This was presented in the book, Black Economy in India in 1999. The survey revealed that the black economy plays a critical role in Indian political finance. Each of the articles in the volume also refer to the role of the black economy in election finance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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Exploring the role of the black economy in political finance and how it subverts democracy.

Book: Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India

Editors: Devesh Kapur &amp;amp; Milan Vaishnav 

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Page: 311 &amp;nbsp;

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-The Indian Express

Exploring the role of the black economy in political finance and how it subverts democracy.

Book: Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India

Editors: Devesh Kapur &amp; Milan Vaishnav 

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Page: 311 &nbsp;

Price: Rs 750

Money in politics is..."/>
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                <strong>Where&#039;s the money coming from? -Arun Kumar (Book review)</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Exploring the role of the black economy in political finance and how it subverts democracy.<br /></em><br /><strong>Book: Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India<br /><br />Editors: Devesh Kapur &amp; Milan Vaishnav <br /><br />Publisher: Oxford University Press<br /><br />Page: 311 &nbsp;<br /><br />Price: Rs 750<br /></strong><br />Money in politics is an issue of great concern for the Indian polity. Most believe it undermines democracy in India so that what formally looks like a great democracy turns out to be just a shell of a democracy. In Hind Swaraj, Gandhi critiqued British parliamentary democracy on political grounds but big money in elections subverts it further. The bulk of the finance used by political parties, not only for their election campaigns but for their day-to-day operations, are from illicit sources and, hence, black. The book under review addresses this issue.<br /><br />The book consists of several articles based on field surveys and detailed interviews. However, such surveys cannot give an idea of total expenditures on an election &mdash; the fallacy of composition. On the basis of a survey of 14 members of Parliament (1998 elections), this author found no correlation between the declared expenditures and the actual expenditures, obtained from the candidates and their election agents. This was presented in the book, Black Economy in India in 1999. The survey revealed that the black economy plays a critical role in Indian political finance. Each of the articles in the volume also refer to the role of the black economy in election finance.<br /><br />The black economy implies illegality in legal sectors of the economy. It has been argued by this author that black economy, to survive, has to subvert democracy to control power. The book under review consists of seven well-researched chapters written by nine authors. It presents the current reality that much money is needed to fight elections and that a lot of it is black, but misses part of the causal chain &mdash; the growth of the black economy requires a weakening of democracy.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/wheres-the-money-coming-from-costs-of-democracy-book-review-5378722/" title="https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/wheres-the-money-coming-from-costs-of-democracy-book-review-5378722/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Exploring the role of the black economy in political finance and how it subverts democracy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Book: Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Editors: Devesh Kapur &amp;amp; Milan Vaishnav &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Publisher: Oxford University Press&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Page: 311 &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Price: Rs 750&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
The book consists of several articles based on field surveys and detailed interviews. However, such surveys cannot give an idea of total expenditures on an election &amp;mdash; the fallacy of composition. On the basis of a survey of 14 members of Parliament (1998 elections), this author found no correlation between the declared expenditures and the actual expenditures, obtained from the candidates and their election agents. This was presented in the book, Black Economy in India in 1999. The survey revealed that the black economy plays a critical role in Indian political finance. Each of the articles in the volume also refer to the role of the black economy in election finance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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Editors: Devesh Kapur &amp;amp; Milan Vaishnav 

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&lt;em&gt;Exploring the role of the black economy in political finance and how it subverts democracy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
The book consists of several articles based on field surveys and detailed interviews. However, such surveys cannot give an idea of total expenditures on an election &amp;mdash; the fallacy of composition. On the basis of a survey of 14 members of Parliament (1998 elections), this author found no correlation between the declared expenditures and the actual expenditures, obtained from the candidates and their election agents. This was presented in the book, Black Economy in India in 1999. The survey revealed that the black economy plays a critical role in Indian political finance. Each of the articles in the volume also refer to the role of the black economy in election finance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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Exploring the role of the black economy in political finance and how it subverts democracy.

Book: Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India

Editors: Devesh Kapur &amp;amp; Milan Vaishnav 

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Page: 311 &amp;nbsp;

Price: Rs 750

Money in politics is...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Exploring the role of the black economy in political finance and how it subverts democracy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Book: Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Editors: Devesh Kapur &amp;amp; Milan Vaishnav &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Publisher: Oxford University Press&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Page: 311 &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Price: Rs 750&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Money in politics is an issue of great concern for the Indian polity. Most believe it undermines democracy in India so that what formally looks like a great democracy turns out to be just a shell of a democracy. In Hind Swaraj, Gandhi critiqued British parliamentary democracy on political grounds but big money in elections subverts it further. The bulk of the finance used by political parties, not only for their election campaigns but for their day-to-day operations, are from illicit sources and, hence, black. The book under review addresses this issue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The book consists of several articles based on field surveys and detailed interviews. However, such surveys cannot give an idea of total expenditures on an election &amp;mdash; the fallacy of composition. On the basis of a survey of 14 members of Parliament (1998 elections), this author found no correlation between the declared expenditures and the actual expenditures, obtained from the candidates and their election agents. This was presented in the book, Black Economy in India in 1999. The survey revealed that the black economy plays a critical role in Indian political finance. Each of the articles in the volume also refer to the role of the black economy in election finance.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The black economy implies illegality in legal sectors of the economy. It has been argued by this author that black economy, to survive, has to subvert democracy to control power. The book under review consists of seven well-researched chapters written by nine authors. It presents the current reality that much money is needed to fight elections and that a lot of it is black, but misses part of the causal chain &amp;mdash; the growth of the black economy requires a weakening of democracy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/wheres-the-money-coming-from-costs-of-democracy-book-review-5378722/&quot; title=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/wheres-the-money-coming-from-costs-of-democracy-book-review-5378722/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-The Indian Express

Exploring the role of the black economy in political finance and how it subverts democracy.

Book: Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India

Editors: Devesh Kapur &amp; Milan Vaishnav 

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Page: 311 &nbsp;

Price: Rs 750

Money in politics is..."/>
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                <strong>Where&#039;s the money coming from? -Arun Kumar (Book review)</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Exploring the role of the black economy in political finance and how it subverts democracy.<br /></em><br /><strong>Book: Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India<br /><br />Editors: Devesh Kapur &amp; Milan Vaishnav <br /><br />Publisher: Oxford University Press<br /><br />Page: 311 &nbsp;<br /><br />Price: Rs 750<br /></strong><br />Money in politics is an issue of great concern for the Indian polity. Most believe it undermines democracy in India so that what formally looks like a great democracy turns out to be just a shell of a democracy. In Hind Swaraj, Gandhi critiqued British parliamentary democracy on political grounds but big money in elections subverts it further. The bulk of the finance used by political parties, not only for their election campaigns but for their day-to-day operations, are from illicit sources and, hence, black. The book under review addresses this issue.<br /><br />The book consists of several articles based on field surveys and detailed interviews. However, such surveys cannot give an idea of total expenditures on an election &mdash; the fallacy of composition. On the basis of a survey of 14 members of Parliament (1998 elections), this author found no correlation between the declared expenditures and the actual expenditures, obtained from the candidates and their election agents. This was presented in the book, Black Economy in India in 1999. The survey revealed that the black economy plays a critical role in Indian political finance. Each of the articles in the volume also refer to the role of the black economy in election finance.<br /><br />The black economy implies illegality in legal sectors of the economy. It has been argued by this author that black economy, to survive, has to subvert democracy to control power. The book under review consists of seven well-researched chapters written by nine authors. It presents the current reality that much money is needed to fight elections and that a lot of it is black, but misses part of the causal chain &mdash; the growth of the black economy requires a weakening of democracy.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/wheres-the-money-coming-from-costs-of-democracy-book-review-5378722/" title="https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/wheres-the-money-coming-from-costs-of-democracy-book-review-5378722/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Indian Express<br />
<br />
<em>Exploring the role of the black economy in political finance and how it subverts democracy.<br />
</em><br />
<strong>Book: Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India<br />
<br />
Editors: Devesh Kapur &amp; Milan Vaishnav <br />
<br />
Publisher: Oxford University Press<br />
<br />
Page: 311 &nbsp;<br />
<br />
Price: Rs 750<br />
</strong><br />
Money in politics is an issue of great concern for the Indian polity. Most believe it undermines democracy in India so that what formally looks like a great democracy turns out to be just a shell of a democracy. In Hind Swaraj, Gandhi critiqued British parliamentary democracy on political grounds but big money in elections subverts it further. The bulk of the finance used by political parties, not only for their election campaigns but for their day-to-day operations, are from illicit sources and, hence, black. The book under review addresses this issue.<br />
<br />
The book consists of several articles based on field surveys and detailed interviews. However, such surveys cannot give an idea of total expenditures on an election &mdash; the fallacy of composition. On the basis of a survey of 14 members of Parliament (1998 elections), this author found no correlation between the declared expenditures and the actual expenditures, obtained from the candidates and their election agents. This was presented in the book, Black Economy in India in 1999. The survey revealed that the black economy plays a critical role in Indian political finance. Each of the articles in the volume also refer to the role of the black economy in election finance.<br />
<br />
The black economy implies illegality in legal sectors of the economy. It has been argued by this author that black economy, to survive, has to subvert democracy to control power. The book under review consists of seven well-researched chapters written by nine authors. It presents the current reality that much money is needed to fight elections and that a lot of it is black, but misses part of the causal chain &mdash; the growth of the black economy requires a weakening of democracy.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/wheres-the-money-coming-from-costs-of-democracy-book-review-5378722/">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
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-The Indian Express

Exploring the role of the black economy in political finance and how it subverts democracy.

Book: Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India

Editors: Devesh Kapur &amp; Milan Vaishnav 

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Page: 311 &nbsp;

Price: Rs 750

Money in politics is...',
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-The Indian Express<br />
<br />
<em>Exploring the role of the black economy in political finance and how it subverts democracy.<br />
</em><br />
<strong>Book: Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India<br />
<br />
Editors: Devesh Kapur &amp; Milan Vaishnav <br />
<br />
Publisher: Oxford University Press<br />
<br />
Page: 311 &nbsp;<br />
<br />
Price: Rs 750<br />
</strong><br />
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<br />
The book consists of several articles based on field surveys and detailed interviews. However, such surveys cannot give an idea of total expenditures on an election &mdash; the fallacy of composition. On the basis of a survey of 14 members of Parliament (1998 elections), this author found no correlation between the declared expenditures and the actual expenditures, obtained from the candidates and their election agents. This was presented in the book, Black Economy in India in 1999. The survey revealed that the black economy plays a critical role in Indian political finance. Each of the articles in the volume also refer to the role of the black economy in election finance.<br />
<br />
The black economy implies illegality in legal sectors of the economy. It has been argued by this author that black economy, to survive, has to subvert democracy to control power. The book under review consists of seven well-researched chapters written by nine authors. It presents the current reality that much money is needed to fight elections and that a lot of it is black, but misses part of the causal chain &mdash; the growth of the black economy requires a weakening of democracy.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/wheres-the-money-coming-from-costs-of-democracy-book-review-5378722/">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
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-The Indian Express

Exploring the role of the black economy in political finance and how it subverts democracy.

Book: Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India

Editors: Devesh Kapur &amp; Milan Vaishnav 

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Page: 311 &nbsp;

Price: Rs 750

Money in politics is...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Exploring the role of the black economy in political finance and how it subverts democracy.<br /></em><br /><strong>Book: Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India<br /><br />Editors: Devesh Kapur &amp; Milan Vaishnav <br /><br />Publisher: Oxford University Press<br /><br />Page: 311 &nbsp;<br /><br />Price: Rs 750<br /></strong><br />Money in politics is an issue of great concern for the Indian polity. Most believe it undermines democracy in India so that what formally looks like a great democracy turns out to be just a shell of a democracy. In Hind Swaraj, Gandhi critiqued British parliamentary democracy on political grounds but big money in elections subverts it further. The bulk of the finance used by political parties, not only for their election campaigns but for their day-to-day operations, are from illicit sources and, hence, black. The book under review addresses this issue.<br /><br />The book consists of several articles based on field surveys and detailed interviews. However, such surveys cannot give an idea of total expenditures on an election &mdash; the fallacy of composition. On the basis of a survey of 14 members of Parliament (1998 elections), this author found no correlation between the declared expenditures and the actual expenditures, obtained from the candidates and their election agents. This was presented in the book, Black Economy in India in 1999. The survey revealed that the black economy plays a critical role in Indian political finance. Each of the articles in the volume also refer to the role of the black economy in election finance.<br /><br />The black economy implies illegality in legal sectors of the economy. It has been argued by this author that black economy, to survive, has to subvert democracy to control power. The book under review consists of seven well-researched chapters written by nine authors. It presents the current reality that much money is needed to fight elections and that a lot of it is black, but misses part of the causal chain &mdash; the growth of the black economy requires a weakening of democracy.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/wheres-the-money-coming-from-costs-of-democracy-book-review-5378722/" title="https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/wheres-the-money-coming-from-costs-of-democracy-book-review-5378722/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>'
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Where's the money coming from? -Arun Kumar (Book review)

-The Indian Express Exploring the role of the black economy in political finance and how it subverts democracy. Book: Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India Editors: Devesh Kapur & Milan Vaishnav Publisher: Oxford University Press Page: 311   Price: Rs 750 Money in politics is an issue of great concern for the Indian polity. Most believe it undermines democracy in India so that what formally looks like a great democracy turns out to be just a shell of a democracy. In Hind Swaraj, Gandhi critiqued British parliamentary democracy on political grounds but big money in elections subverts it further. The bulk of the finance used by political parties, not only for their election campaigns but for their day-to-day operations, are from illicit sources and, hence, black. The book under review addresses this issue. The book consists of several articles based on field surveys and detailed interviews. However, such surveys cannot give an idea of total expenditures on an election — the fallacy of composition. On the basis of a survey of 14 members of Parliament (1998 elections), this author found no correlation between the declared expenditures and the actual expenditures, obtained from the candidates and their election agents. This was presented in the book, Black Economy in India in 1999. The survey revealed that the black economy plays a critical role in Indian political finance. Each of the articles in the volume also refer to the role of the black economy in election finance. The black economy implies illegality in legal sectors of the economy. It has been argued by this author that black economy, to survive, has to subvert democracy to control power. The book under review consists of seven well-researched chapters written by nine authors. It presents the current reality that much money is needed to fight elections and that a lot of it is black, but misses part of the causal chain — the growth of the black economy requires a weakening of democracy. Please click here to read more.