Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 73,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'catslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 73,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/who039s-right-for-the-forest-anyway-vasudha-nagaraj-r-srivatsan-and-a-suneetha-4687227/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/who039s-right-for-the-forest-anyway-vasudha-nagaraj-r-srivatsan-and-a-suneetha-4687227/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'catslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 74,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 74,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/who039s-right-for-the-forest-anyway-vasudha-nagaraj-r-srivatsan-and-a-suneetha-4687227/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/who039s-right-for-the-forest-anyway-vasudha-nagaraj-r-srivatsan-and-a-suneetha-4687227/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67efb3939fb48-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67efb3939fb48-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67efb3939fb48-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67efb3939fb48-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67efb3939fb48-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67efb3939fb48-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67efb3939fb48-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67efb3939fb48-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67efb3939fb48-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 39095,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Who&amp;#039;s right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &amp;lsquo;illegitimate&amp;rsquo; tribals from the forests&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &amp;ldquo;illegitimate&amp;rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a rising dismay and shock at this judicial legitimation of unparalleled atrocity against the tribals. The order is nothing less than the final legitimised expropriation of the tribal communities (poor landless) under the pressure of rising capitalist industries.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Evidence, history and culture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The order stated that those tribals whose claims for forest pattas were rejected (i.e., whose proof of possession failed to meet the standards of evidence) should be thrown out of the forests. It is assumed implicitly here that a legitimate tribal will have proof. But there is a flaw in this argument.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The question that arises is: what does proof or evidence mean in these circumstances? Is it possible for an individual of a family or community, which had chosen to live outside the boundaries of our modern rural and urban structures, to have what we call proof?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is precisely a distrust and suspicion of such proofs of possession of property that was the reason for their deciding to find their means of survival outside &amp;lsquo;civilisation&amp;rsquo;, becoming what we call &amp;lsquo;tribals&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A colonial Revenue Commissioner in the 1920s understood the uneasiness about the issue of property ownership among tribals very well. He saw that the tribal eschewed property and lived a life on the move simply because he did not know what the sahukar wrote as a debt against his (the tribal&amp;rsquo;s) name.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The mobility meant that the moneylender could take only what the &amp;lsquo;landless&amp;rsquo; tribal offered him each time the instalment was repaid at harvest (perhaps in perpetuity). There was an honesty in the tribal&amp;rsquo;s engagement: &amp;ldquo;I don&amp;rsquo;t trust you, but I will honor your account of my debt&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Down to Earth, 22 May, 2019, https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;who039s-right-for-the-forest-anyway-vasudha-nagaraj-r-srivatsan-and-a-suneetha-4687227&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4687227,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 39095,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Who&amp;#039;s right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Other Traditional Forest Dwellers,Forest Dwellers,Forest rights act 2006,Forest title claims,forest rights,forest rights act&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-Down to Earth

Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &amp;lsquo;illegitimate&amp;rsquo; tribals from the forests

There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &amp;ldquo;illegitimate&amp;rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &amp;lsquo;illegitimate&amp;rsquo; tribals from the forests&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &amp;ldquo;illegitimate&amp;rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a rising dismay and shock at this judicial legitimation of unparalleled atrocity against the tribals. The order is nothing less than the final legitimised expropriation of the tribal communities (poor landless) under the pressure of rising capitalist industries.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Evidence, history and culture&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The order stated that those tribals whose claims for forest pattas were rejected (i.e., whose proof of possession failed to meet the standards of evidence) should be thrown out of the forests. It is assumed implicitly here that a legitimate tribal will have proof. But there is a flaw in this argument.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The question that arises is: what does proof or evidence mean in these circumstances? Is it possible for an individual of a family or community, which had chosen to live outside the boundaries of our modern rural and urban structures, to have what we call proof?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is precisely a distrust and suspicion of such proofs of possession of property that was the reason for their deciding to find their means of survival outside &amp;lsquo;civilisation&amp;rsquo;, becoming what we call &amp;lsquo;tribals&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A colonial Revenue Commissioner in the 1920s understood the uneasiness about the issue of property ownership among tribals very well. He saw that the tribal eschewed property and lived a life on the move simply because he did not know what the sahukar wrote as a debt against his (the tribal&amp;rsquo;s) name.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The mobility meant that the moneylender could take only what the &amp;lsquo;landless&amp;rsquo; tribal offered him each time the instalment was repaid at harvest (perhaps in perpetuity). There was an honesty in the tribal&amp;rsquo;s engagement: &amp;ldquo;I don&amp;rsquo;t trust you, but I will honor your account of my debt&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&quot; title=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 39095,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Who&amp;#039;s right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &amp;lsquo;illegitimate&amp;rsquo; tribals from the forests&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &amp;ldquo;illegitimate&amp;rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a rising dismay and shock at this judicial legitimation of unparalleled atrocity against the tribals. The order is nothing less than the final legitimised expropriation of the tribal communities (poor landless) under the pressure of rising capitalist industries.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Evidence, history and culture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The order stated that those tribals whose claims for forest pattas were rejected (i.e., whose proof of possession failed to meet the standards of evidence) should be thrown out of the forests. It is assumed implicitly here that a legitimate tribal will have proof. But there is a flaw in this argument.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The question that arises is: what does proof or evidence mean in these circumstances? Is it possible for an individual of a family or community, which had chosen to live outside the boundaries of our modern rural and urban structures, to have what we call proof?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is precisely a distrust and suspicion of such proofs of possession of property that was the reason for their deciding to find their means of survival outside &amp;lsquo;civilisation&amp;rsquo;, becoming what we call &amp;lsquo;tribals&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A colonial Revenue Commissioner in the 1920s understood the uneasiness about the issue of property ownership among tribals very well. He saw that the tribal eschewed property and lived a life on the move simply because he did not know what the sahukar wrote as a debt against his (the tribal&amp;rsquo;s) name.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The mobility meant that the moneylender could take only what the &amp;lsquo;landless&amp;rsquo; tribal offered him each time the instalment was repaid at harvest (perhaps in perpetuity). There was an honesty in the tribal&amp;rsquo;s engagement: &amp;ldquo;I don&amp;rsquo;t trust you, but I will honor your account of my debt&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Down to Earth, 22 May, 2019, https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;who039s-right-for-the-forest-anyway-vasudha-nagaraj-r-srivatsan-and-a-suneetha-4687227&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4687227,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 5 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 39095
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Who&amp;#039;s right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Other Traditional Forest Dwellers,Forest Dwellers,Forest rights act 2006,Forest title claims,forest rights,forest rights act&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-Down to Earth

Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &amp;lsquo;illegitimate&amp;rsquo; tribals from the forests

There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &amp;ldquo;illegitimate&amp;rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &amp;lsquo;illegitimate&amp;rsquo; tribals from the forests&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &amp;ldquo;illegitimate&amp;rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a rising dismay and shock at this judicial legitimation of unparalleled atrocity against the tribals. The order is nothing less than the final legitimised expropriation of the tribal communities (poor landless) under the pressure of rising capitalist industries.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Evidence, history and culture&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The order stated that those tribals whose claims for forest pattas were rejected (i.e., whose proof of possession failed to meet the standards of evidence) should be thrown out of the forests. It is assumed implicitly here that a legitimate tribal will have proof. But there is a flaw in this argument.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The question that arises is: what does proof or evidence mean in these circumstances? Is it possible for an individual of a family or community, which had chosen to live outside the boundaries of our modern rural and urban structures, to have what we call proof?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is precisely a distrust and suspicion of such proofs of possession of property that was the reason for their deciding to find their means of survival outside &amp;lsquo;civilisation&amp;rsquo;, becoming what we call &amp;lsquo;tribals&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A colonial Revenue Commissioner in the 1920s understood the uneasiness about the issue of property ownership among tribals very well. He saw that the tribal eschewed property and lived a life on the move simply because he did not know what the sahukar wrote as a debt against his (the tribal&amp;rsquo;s) name.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The mobility meant that the moneylender could take only what the &amp;lsquo;landless&amp;rsquo; tribal offered him each time the instalment was repaid at harvest (perhaps in perpetuity). There was an honesty in the tribal&amp;rsquo;s engagement: &amp;ldquo;I don&amp;rsquo;t trust you, but I will honor your account of my debt&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&quot; title=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/who039s-right-for-the-forest-anyway-vasudha-nagaraj-r-srivatsan-and-a-suneetha-4687227.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Who&#039;s right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-Down to Earth

Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &lsquo;illegitimate&rsquo; tribals from the forests

There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &ldquo;illegitimate&rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Who&#039;s right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-Down to Earth<br /><br /><em>Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &lsquo;illegitimate&rsquo; tribals from the forests<br /></em><br />There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &ldquo;illegitimate&rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a rising dismay and shock at this judicial legitimation of unparalleled atrocity against the tribals. The order is nothing less than the final legitimised expropriation of the tribal communities (poor landless) under the pressure of rising capitalist industries.<br /><br /><em>Evidence, history and culture<br /></em><br />The order stated that those tribals whose claims for forest pattas were rejected (i.e., whose proof of possession failed to meet the standards of evidence) should be thrown out of the forests. It is assumed implicitly here that a legitimate tribal will have proof. But there is a flaw in this argument.<br /><br />The question that arises is: what does proof or evidence mean in these circumstances? Is it possible for an individual of a family or community, which had chosen to live outside the boundaries of our modern rural and urban structures, to have what we call proof?<br /><br />It is precisely a distrust and suspicion of such proofs of possession of property that was the reason for their deciding to find their means of survival outside &lsquo;civilisation&rsquo;, becoming what we call &lsquo;tribals&rsquo;. <br /><br />A colonial Revenue Commissioner in the 1920s understood the uneasiness about the issue of property ownership among tribals very well. He saw that the tribal eschewed property and lived a life on the move simply because he did not know what the sahukar wrote as a debt against his (the tribal&rsquo;s) name.<br /><br />The mobility meant that the moneylender could take only what the &lsquo;landless&rsquo; tribal offered him each time the instalment was repaid at harvest (perhaps in perpetuity). There was an honesty in the tribal&rsquo;s engagement: &ldquo;I don&rsquo;t trust you, but I will honor your account of my debt&rdquo;.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666" title="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$maxBufferLength = (int) 8192
$file = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php'
$line = (int) 853
$message = 'Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853'
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148]
Code Context
            $response->getStatusCode(),

            ($reasonPhrase ? ' ' . $reasonPhrase : '')

        ));
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67efb3939fb48-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67efb3939fb48-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67efb3939fb48-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67efb3939fb48-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67efb3939fb48-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67efb3939fb48-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67efb3939fb48-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67efb3939fb48-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67efb3939fb48-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 39095,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Who&amp;#039;s right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &amp;lsquo;illegitimate&amp;rsquo; tribals from the forests&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &amp;ldquo;illegitimate&amp;rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a rising dismay and shock at this judicial legitimation of unparalleled atrocity against the tribals. The order is nothing less than the final legitimised expropriation of the tribal communities (poor landless) under the pressure of rising capitalist industries.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Evidence, history and culture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The order stated that those tribals whose claims for forest pattas were rejected (i.e., whose proof of possession failed to meet the standards of evidence) should be thrown out of the forests. It is assumed implicitly here that a legitimate tribal will have proof. But there is a flaw in this argument.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The question that arises is: what does proof or evidence mean in these circumstances? Is it possible for an individual of a family or community, which had chosen to live outside the boundaries of our modern rural and urban structures, to have what we call proof?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is precisely a distrust and suspicion of such proofs of possession of property that was the reason for their deciding to find their means of survival outside &amp;lsquo;civilisation&amp;rsquo;, becoming what we call &amp;lsquo;tribals&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A colonial Revenue Commissioner in the 1920s understood the uneasiness about the issue of property ownership among tribals very well. He saw that the tribal eschewed property and lived a life on the move simply because he did not know what the sahukar wrote as a debt against his (the tribal&amp;rsquo;s) name.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The mobility meant that the moneylender could take only what the &amp;lsquo;landless&amp;rsquo; tribal offered him each time the instalment was repaid at harvest (perhaps in perpetuity). There was an honesty in the tribal&amp;rsquo;s engagement: &amp;ldquo;I don&amp;rsquo;t trust you, but I will honor your account of my debt&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Down to Earth, 22 May, 2019, https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;who039s-right-for-the-forest-anyway-vasudha-nagaraj-r-srivatsan-and-a-suneetha-4687227&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4687227,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 39095,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Who&amp;#039;s right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Other Traditional Forest Dwellers,Forest Dwellers,Forest rights act 2006,Forest title claims,forest rights,forest rights act&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-Down to Earth

Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &amp;lsquo;illegitimate&amp;rsquo; tribals from the forests

There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &amp;ldquo;illegitimate&amp;rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &amp;lsquo;illegitimate&amp;rsquo; tribals from the forests&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &amp;ldquo;illegitimate&amp;rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a rising dismay and shock at this judicial legitimation of unparalleled atrocity against the tribals. The order is nothing less than the final legitimised expropriation of the tribal communities (poor landless) under the pressure of rising capitalist industries.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Evidence, history and culture&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The order stated that those tribals whose claims for forest pattas were rejected (i.e., whose proof of possession failed to meet the standards of evidence) should be thrown out of the forests. It is assumed implicitly here that a legitimate tribal will have proof. But there is a flaw in this argument.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The question that arises is: what does proof or evidence mean in these circumstances? Is it possible for an individual of a family or community, which had chosen to live outside the boundaries of our modern rural and urban structures, to have what we call proof?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is precisely a distrust and suspicion of such proofs of possession of property that was the reason for their deciding to find their means of survival outside &amp;lsquo;civilisation&amp;rsquo;, becoming what we call &amp;lsquo;tribals&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A colonial Revenue Commissioner in the 1920s understood the uneasiness about the issue of property ownership among tribals very well. He saw that the tribal eschewed property and lived a life on the move simply because he did not know what the sahukar wrote as a debt against his (the tribal&amp;rsquo;s) name.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The mobility meant that the moneylender could take only what the &amp;lsquo;landless&amp;rsquo; tribal offered him each time the instalment was repaid at harvest (perhaps in perpetuity). There was an honesty in the tribal&amp;rsquo;s engagement: &amp;ldquo;I don&amp;rsquo;t trust you, but I will honor your account of my debt&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&quot; title=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 39095,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Who&amp;#039;s right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &amp;lsquo;illegitimate&amp;rsquo; tribals from the forests&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &amp;ldquo;illegitimate&amp;rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a rising dismay and shock at this judicial legitimation of unparalleled atrocity against the tribals. The order is nothing less than the final legitimised expropriation of the tribal communities (poor landless) under the pressure of rising capitalist industries.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Evidence, history and culture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The order stated that those tribals whose claims for forest pattas were rejected (i.e., whose proof of possession failed to meet the standards of evidence) should be thrown out of the forests. It is assumed implicitly here that a legitimate tribal will have proof. But there is a flaw in this argument.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The question that arises is: what does proof or evidence mean in these circumstances? Is it possible for an individual of a family or community, which had chosen to live outside the boundaries of our modern rural and urban structures, to have what we call proof?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is precisely a distrust and suspicion of such proofs of possession of property that was the reason for their deciding to find their means of survival outside &amp;lsquo;civilisation&amp;rsquo;, becoming what we call &amp;lsquo;tribals&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A colonial Revenue Commissioner in the 1920s understood the uneasiness about the issue of property ownership among tribals very well. He saw that the tribal eschewed property and lived a life on the move simply because he did not know what the sahukar wrote as a debt against his (the tribal&amp;rsquo;s) name.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The mobility meant that the moneylender could take only what the &amp;lsquo;landless&amp;rsquo; tribal offered him each time the instalment was repaid at harvest (perhaps in perpetuity). There was an honesty in the tribal&amp;rsquo;s engagement: &amp;ldquo;I don&amp;rsquo;t trust you, but I will honor your account of my debt&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Down to Earth, 22 May, 2019, https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;who039s-right-for-the-forest-anyway-vasudha-nagaraj-r-srivatsan-and-a-suneetha-4687227&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4687227,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 5 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 39095
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Who&amp;#039;s right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Other Traditional Forest Dwellers,Forest Dwellers,Forest rights act 2006,Forest title claims,forest rights,forest rights act&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-Down to Earth

Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &amp;lsquo;illegitimate&amp;rsquo; tribals from the forests

There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &amp;ldquo;illegitimate&amp;rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &amp;lsquo;illegitimate&amp;rsquo; tribals from the forests&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &amp;ldquo;illegitimate&amp;rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a rising dismay and shock at this judicial legitimation of unparalleled atrocity against the tribals. The order is nothing less than the final legitimised expropriation of the tribal communities (poor landless) under the pressure of rising capitalist industries.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Evidence, history and culture&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The order stated that those tribals whose claims for forest pattas were rejected (i.e., whose proof of possession failed to meet the standards of evidence) should be thrown out of the forests. It is assumed implicitly here that a legitimate tribal will have proof. But there is a flaw in this argument.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The question that arises is: what does proof or evidence mean in these circumstances? Is it possible for an individual of a family or community, which had chosen to live outside the boundaries of our modern rural and urban structures, to have what we call proof?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is precisely a distrust and suspicion of such proofs of possession of property that was the reason for their deciding to find their means of survival outside &amp;lsquo;civilisation&amp;rsquo;, becoming what we call &amp;lsquo;tribals&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A colonial Revenue Commissioner in the 1920s understood the uneasiness about the issue of property ownership among tribals very well. He saw that the tribal eschewed property and lived a life on the move simply because he did not know what the sahukar wrote as a debt against his (the tribal&amp;rsquo;s) name.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The mobility meant that the moneylender could take only what the &amp;lsquo;landless&amp;rsquo; tribal offered him each time the instalment was repaid at harvest (perhaps in perpetuity). There was an honesty in the tribal&amp;rsquo;s engagement: &amp;ldquo;I don&amp;rsquo;t trust you, but I will honor your account of my debt&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&quot; title=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/who039s-right-for-the-forest-anyway-vasudha-nagaraj-r-srivatsan-and-a-suneetha-4687227.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Who&#039;s right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-Down to Earth

Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &lsquo;illegitimate&rsquo; tribals from the forests

There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &ldquo;illegitimate&rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Who&#039;s right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-Down to Earth<br /><br /><em>Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &lsquo;illegitimate&rsquo; tribals from the forests<br /></em><br />There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &ldquo;illegitimate&rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a rising dismay and shock at this judicial legitimation of unparalleled atrocity against the tribals. The order is nothing less than the final legitimised expropriation of the tribal communities (poor landless) under the pressure of rising capitalist industries.<br /><br /><em>Evidence, history and culture<br /></em><br />The order stated that those tribals whose claims for forest pattas were rejected (i.e., whose proof of possession failed to meet the standards of evidence) should be thrown out of the forests. It is assumed implicitly here that a legitimate tribal will have proof. But there is a flaw in this argument.<br /><br />The question that arises is: what does proof or evidence mean in these circumstances? Is it possible for an individual of a family or community, which had chosen to live outside the boundaries of our modern rural and urban structures, to have what we call proof?<br /><br />It is precisely a distrust and suspicion of such proofs of possession of property that was the reason for their deciding to find their means of survival outside &lsquo;civilisation&rsquo;, becoming what we call &lsquo;tribals&rsquo;. <br /><br />A colonial Revenue Commissioner in the 1920s understood the uneasiness about the issue of property ownership among tribals very well. He saw that the tribal eschewed property and lived a life on the move simply because he did not know what the sahukar wrote as a debt against his (the tribal&rsquo;s) name.<br /><br />The mobility meant that the moneylender could take only what the &lsquo;landless&rsquo; tribal offered him each time the instalment was repaid at harvest (perhaps in perpetuity). There was an honesty in the tribal&rsquo;s engagement: &ldquo;I don&rsquo;t trust you, but I will honor your account of my debt&rdquo;.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666" title="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$reasonPhrase = 'OK'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitStatusLine() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 54
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181]
Code Context
                    $value

                ), $first);

                $first = false;
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67efb3939fb48-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67efb3939fb48-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67efb3939fb48-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67efb3939fb48-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67efb3939fb48-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67efb3939fb48-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67efb3939fb48-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67efb3939fb48-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67efb3939fb48-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 39095,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Who&amp;#039;s right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &amp;lsquo;illegitimate&amp;rsquo; tribals from the forests&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &amp;ldquo;illegitimate&amp;rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a rising dismay and shock at this judicial legitimation of unparalleled atrocity against the tribals. The order is nothing less than the final legitimised expropriation of the tribal communities (poor landless) under the pressure of rising capitalist industries.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Evidence, history and culture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The order stated that those tribals whose claims for forest pattas were rejected (i.e., whose proof of possession failed to meet the standards of evidence) should be thrown out of the forests. It is assumed implicitly here that a legitimate tribal will have proof. But there is a flaw in this argument.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The question that arises is: what does proof or evidence mean in these circumstances? Is it possible for an individual of a family or community, which had chosen to live outside the boundaries of our modern rural and urban structures, to have what we call proof?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is precisely a distrust and suspicion of such proofs of possession of property that was the reason for their deciding to find their means of survival outside &amp;lsquo;civilisation&amp;rsquo;, becoming what we call &amp;lsquo;tribals&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A colonial Revenue Commissioner in the 1920s understood the uneasiness about the issue of property ownership among tribals very well. He saw that the tribal eschewed property and lived a life on the move simply because he did not know what the sahukar wrote as a debt against his (the tribal&amp;rsquo;s) name.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The mobility meant that the moneylender could take only what the &amp;lsquo;landless&amp;rsquo; tribal offered him each time the instalment was repaid at harvest (perhaps in perpetuity). There was an honesty in the tribal&amp;rsquo;s engagement: &amp;ldquo;I don&amp;rsquo;t trust you, but I will honor your account of my debt&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Down to Earth, 22 May, 2019, https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;who039s-right-for-the-forest-anyway-vasudha-nagaraj-r-srivatsan-and-a-suneetha-4687227&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4687227,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 39095,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Who&amp;#039;s right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Other Traditional Forest Dwellers,Forest Dwellers,Forest rights act 2006,Forest title claims,forest rights,forest rights act&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-Down to Earth

Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &amp;lsquo;illegitimate&amp;rsquo; tribals from the forests

There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &amp;ldquo;illegitimate&amp;rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &amp;lsquo;illegitimate&amp;rsquo; tribals from the forests&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &amp;ldquo;illegitimate&amp;rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a rising dismay and shock at this judicial legitimation of unparalleled atrocity against the tribals. The order is nothing less than the final legitimised expropriation of the tribal communities (poor landless) under the pressure of rising capitalist industries.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Evidence, history and culture&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The order stated that those tribals whose claims for forest pattas were rejected (i.e., whose proof of possession failed to meet the standards of evidence) should be thrown out of the forests. It is assumed implicitly here that a legitimate tribal will have proof. But there is a flaw in this argument.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The question that arises is: what does proof or evidence mean in these circumstances? Is it possible for an individual of a family or community, which had chosen to live outside the boundaries of our modern rural and urban structures, to have what we call proof?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is precisely a distrust and suspicion of such proofs of possession of property that was the reason for their deciding to find their means of survival outside &amp;lsquo;civilisation&amp;rsquo;, becoming what we call &amp;lsquo;tribals&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A colonial Revenue Commissioner in the 1920s understood the uneasiness about the issue of property ownership among tribals very well. He saw that the tribal eschewed property and lived a life on the move simply because he did not know what the sahukar wrote as a debt against his (the tribal&amp;rsquo;s) name.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The mobility meant that the moneylender could take only what the &amp;lsquo;landless&amp;rsquo; tribal offered him each time the instalment was repaid at harvest (perhaps in perpetuity). There was an honesty in the tribal&amp;rsquo;s engagement: &amp;ldquo;I don&amp;rsquo;t trust you, but I will honor your account of my debt&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&quot; title=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 39095,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Who&amp;#039;s right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &amp;lsquo;illegitimate&amp;rsquo; tribals from the forests&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &amp;ldquo;illegitimate&amp;rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a rising dismay and shock at this judicial legitimation of unparalleled atrocity against the tribals. The order is nothing less than the final legitimised expropriation of the tribal communities (poor landless) under the pressure of rising capitalist industries.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Evidence, history and culture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The order stated that those tribals whose claims for forest pattas were rejected (i.e., whose proof of possession failed to meet the standards of evidence) should be thrown out of the forests. It is assumed implicitly here that a legitimate tribal will have proof. But there is a flaw in this argument.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The question that arises is: what does proof or evidence mean in these circumstances? Is it possible for an individual of a family or community, which had chosen to live outside the boundaries of our modern rural and urban structures, to have what we call proof?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is precisely a distrust and suspicion of such proofs of possession of property that was the reason for their deciding to find their means of survival outside &amp;lsquo;civilisation&amp;rsquo;, becoming what we call &amp;lsquo;tribals&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A colonial Revenue Commissioner in the 1920s understood the uneasiness about the issue of property ownership among tribals very well. He saw that the tribal eschewed property and lived a life on the move simply because he did not know what the sahukar wrote as a debt against his (the tribal&amp;rsquo;s) name.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The mobility meant that the moneylender could take only what the &amp;lsquo;landless&amp;rsquo; tribal offered him each time the instalment was repaid at harvest (perhaps in perpetuity). There was an honesty in the tribal&amp;rsquo;s engagement: &amp;ldquo;I don&amp;rsquo;t trust you, but I will honor your account of my debt&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Down to Earth, 22 May, 2019, https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;who039s-right-for-the-forest-anyway-vasudha-nagaraj-r-srivatsan-and-a-suneetha-4687227&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4687227,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 5 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 39095
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Who&amp;#039;s right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Other Traditional Forest Dwellers,Forest Dwellers,Forest rights act 2006,Forest title claims,forest rights,forest rights act&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-Down to Earth

Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &amp;lsquo;illegitimate&amp;rsquo; tribals from the forests

There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &amp;ldquo;illegitimate&amp;rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Down to Earth&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &amp;lsquo;illegitimate&amp;rsquo; tribals from the forests&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &amp;ldquo;illegitimate&amp;rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a rising dismay and shock at this judicial legitimation of unparalleled atrocity against the tribals. The order is nothing less than the final legitimised expropriation of the tribal communities (poor landless) under the pressure of rising capitalist industries.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Evidence, history and culture&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The order stated that those tribals whose claims for forest pattas were rejected (i.e., whose proof of possession failed to meet the standards of evidence) should be thrown out of the forests. It is assumed implicitly here that a legitimate tribal will have proof. But there is a flaw in this argument.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The question that arises is: what does proof or evidence mean in these circumstances? Is it possible for an individual of a family or community, which had chosen to live outside the boundaries of our modern rural and urban structures, to have what we call proof?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is precisely a distrust and suspicion of such proofs of possession of property that was the reason for their deciding to find their means of survival outside &amp;lsquo;civilisation&amp;rsquo;, becoming what we call &amp;lsquo;tribals&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A colonial Revenue Commissioner in the 1920s understood the uneasiness about the issue of property ownership among tribals very well. He saw that the tribal eschewed property and lived a life on the move simply because he did not know what the sahukar wrote as a debt against his (the tribal&amp;rsquo;s) name.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The mobility meant that the moneylender could take only what the &amp;lsquo;landless&amp;rsquo; tribal offered him each time the instalment was repaid at harvest (perhaps in perpetuity). There was an honesty in the tribal&amp;rsquo;s engagement: &amp;ldquo;I don&amp;rsquo;t trust you, but I will honor your account of my debt&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&quot; title=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/who039s-right-for-the-forest-anyway-vasudha-nagaraj-r-srivatsan-and-a-suneetha-4687227.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Who&#039;s right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-Down to Earth

Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &lsquo;illegitimate&rsquo; tribals from the forests

There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &ldquo;illegitimate&rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Who&#039;s right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-Down to Earth<br /><br /><em>Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &lsquo;illegitimate&rsquo; tribals from the forests<br /></em><br />There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &ldquo;illegitimate&rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a rising dismay and shock at this judicial legitimation of unparalleled atrocity against the tribals. The order is nothing less than the final legitimised expropriation of the tribal communities (poor landless) under the pressure of rising capitalist industries.<br /><br /><em>Evidence, history and culture<br /></em><br />The order stated that those tribals whose claims for forest pattas were rejected (i.e., whose proof of possession failed to meet the standards of evidence) should be thrown out of the forests. It is assumed implicitly here that a legitimate tribal will have proof. But there is a flaw in this argument.<br /><br />The question that arises is: what does proof or evidence mean in these circumstances? Is it possible for an individual of a family or community, which had chosen to live outside the boundaries of our modern rural and urban structures, to have what we call proof?<br /><br />It is precisely a distrust and suspicion of such proofs of possession of property that was the reason for their deciding to find their means of survival outside &lsquo;civilisation&rsquo;, becoming what we call &lsquo;tribals&rsquo;. <br /><br />A colonial Revenue Commissioner in the 1920s understood the uneasiness about the issue of property ownership among tribals very well. He saw that the tribal eschewed property and lived a life on the move simply because he did not know what the sahukar wrote as a debt against his (the tribal&rsquo;s) name.<br /><br />The mobility meant that the moneylender could take only what the &lsquo;landless&rsquo; tribal offered him each time the instalment was repaid at harvest (perhaps in perpetuity). There was an honesty in the tribal&rsquo;s engagement: &ldquo;I don&rsquo;t trust you, but I will honor your account of my debt&rdquo;.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666" title="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$cookies = []
$values = [
	(int) 0 => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
]
$name = 'Content-Type'
$first = true
$value = 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitHeaders() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 55
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

<head>

    <link rel="canonical" href="<?php echo Configure::read('SITE_URL'); ?><?php echo $urlPrefix;?><?php echo $article_current->category->slug; ?>/<?php echo $article_current->seo_url; ?>.html"/>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>

$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp'
$dataForView = [
	'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		'id' => (int) 39095,
		'title' => 'Who's right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha',
		'subheading' => '',
		'description' => '<div align="justify">
-Down to Earth<br />
<br />
<em>Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &lsquo;illegitimate&rsquo; tribals from the forests<br />
</em><br />
There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &ldquo;illegitimate&rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a rising dismay and shock at this judicial legitimation of unparalleled atrocity against the tribals. The order is nothing less than the final legitimised expropriation of the tribal communities (poor landless) under the pressure of rising capitalist industries.<br />
<br />
<em>Evidence, history and culture<br />
</em><br />
The order stated that those tribals whose claims for forest pattas were rejected (i.e., whose proof of possession failed to meet the standards of evidence) should be thrown out of the forests. It is assumed implicitly here that a legitimate tribal will have proof. But there is a flaw in this argument.<br />
<br />
The question that arises is: what does proof or evidence mean in these circumstances? Is it possible for an individual of a family or community, which had chosen to live outside the boundaries of our modern rural and urban structures, to have what we call proof?<br />
<br />
It is precisely a distrust and suspicion of such proofs of possession of property that was the reason for their deciding to find their means of survival outside &lsquo;civilisation&rsquo;, becoming what we call &lsquo;tribals&rsquo;. <br />
<br />
A colonial Revenue Commissioner in the 1920s understood the uneasiness about the issue of property ownership among tribals very well. He saw that the tribal eschewed property and lived a life on the move simply because he did not know what the sahukar wrote as a debt against his (the tribal&rsquo;s) name.<br />
<br />
The mobility meant that the moneylender could take only what the &lsquo;landless&rsquo; tribal offered him each time the instalment was repaid at harvest (perhaps in perpetuity). There was an honesty in the tribal&rsquo;s engagement: &ldquo;I don&rsquo;t trust you, but I will honor your account of my debt&rdquo;.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
		'credit_writer' => 'Down to Earth, 22 May, 2019, https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666',
		'article_img' => '',
		'article_img_thumb' => '',
		'status' => (int) 1,
		'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
		'lang' => 'EN',
		'category_id' => (int) 16,
		'tag_keyword' => '',
		'seo_url' => 'who039s-right-for-the-forest-anyway-vasudha-nagaraj-r-srivatsan-and-a-suneetha-4687227',
		'meta_title' => null,
		'meta_keywords' => null,
		'meta_description' => null,
		'noindex' => (int) 0,
		'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		'most_visit_section_id' => null,
		'article_big_img' => null,
		'liveid' => (int) 4687227,
		'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'edate' => '',
		'tags' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[hasErrors]' => false,
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'Articles'
	
	},
	'articleid' => (int) 39095,
	'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Who&#039;s right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha',
	'metaKeywords' => 'Other Traditional Forest Dwellers,Forest Dwellers,Forest rights act 2006,Forest title claims,forest rights,forest rights act',
	'metaDesc' => '
-Down to Earth

Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &lsquo;illegitimate&rsquo; tribals from the forests

There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &ldquo;illegitimate&rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-Down to Earth<br /><br /><em>Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &lsquo;illegitimate&rsquo; tribals from the forests<br /></em><br />There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &ldquo;illegitimate&rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a rising dismay and shock at this judicial legitimation of unparalleled atrocity against the tribals. The order is nothing less than the final legitimised expropriation of the tribal communities (poor landless) under the pressure of rising capitalist industries.<br /><br /><em>Evidence, history and culture<br /></em><br />The order stated that those tribals whose claims for forest pattas were rejected (i.e., whose proof of possession failed to meet the standards of evidence) should be thrown out of the forests. It is assumed implicitly here that a legitimate tribal will have proof. But there is a flaw in this argument.<br /><br />The question that arises is: what does proof or evidence mean in these circumstances? Is it possible for an individual of a family or community, which had chosen to live outside the boundaries of our modern rural and urban structures, to have what we call proof?<br /><br />It is precisely a distrust and suspicion of such proofs of possession of property that was the reason for their deciding to find their means of survival outside &lsquo;civilisation&rsquo;, becoming what we call &lsquo;tribals&rsquo;. <br /><br />A colonial Revenue Commissioner in the 1920s understood the uneasiness about the issue of property ownership among tribals very well. He saw that the tribal eschewed property and lived a life on the move simply because he did not know what the sahukar wrote as a debt against his (the tribal&rsquo;s) name.<br /><br />The mobility meant that the moneylender could take only what the &lsquo;landless&rsquo; tribal offered him each time the instalment was repaid at harvest (perhaps in perpetuity). There was an honesty in the tribal&rsquo;s engagement: &ldquo;I don&rsquo;t trust you, but I will honor your account of my debt&rdquo;.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666" title="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>',
	'lang' => 'English',
	'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/',
	'site_title' => 'im4change',
	'adminprix' => 'admin'
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	'id' => (int) 39095,
	'title' => 'Who&#039;s right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha',
	'subheading' => '',
	'description' => '<div align="justify">
-Down to Earth<br />
<br />
<em>Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &lsquo;illegitimate&rsquo; tribals from the forests<br />
</em><br />
There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &ldquo;illegitimate&rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a rising dismay and shock at this judicial legitimation of unparalleled atrocity against the tribals. The order is nothing less than the final legitimised expropriation of the tribal communities (poor landless) under the pressure of rising capitalist industries.<br />
<br />
<em>Evidence, history and culture<br />
</em><br />
The order stated that those tribals whose claims for forest pattas were rejected (i.e., whose proof of possession failed to meet the standards of evidence) should be thrown out of the forests. It is assumed implicitly here that a legitimate tribal will have proof. But there is a flaw in this argument.<br />
<br />
The question that arises is: what does proof or evidence mean in these circumstances? Is it possible for an individual of a family or community, which had chosen to live outside the boundaries of our modern rural and urban structures, to have what we call proof?<br />
<br />
It is precisely a distrust and suspicion of such proofs of possession of property that was the reason for their deciding to find their means of survival outside &lsquo;civilisation&rsquo;, becoming what we call &lsquo;tribals&rsquo;. <br />
<br />
A colonial Revenue Commissioner in the 1920s understood the uneasiness about the issue of property ownership among tribals very well. He saw that the tribal eschewed property and lived a life on the move simply because he did not know what the sahukar wrote as a debt against his (the tribal&rsquo;s) name.<br />
<br />
The mobility meant that the moneylender could take only what the &lsquo;landless&rsquo; tribal offered him each time the instalment was repaid at harvest (perhaps in perpetuity). There was an honesty in the tribal&rsquo;s engagement: &ldquo;I don&rsquo;t trust you, but I will honor your account of my debt&rdquo;.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
	'credit_writer' => 'Down to Earth, 22 May, 2019, https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666',
	'article_img' => '',
	'article_img_thumb' => '',
	'status' => (int) 1,
	'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
	'lang' => 'EN',
	'category_id' => (int) 16,
	'tag_keyword' => '',
	'seo_url' => 'who039s-right-for-the-forest-anyway-vasudha-nagaraj-r-srivatsan-and-a-suneetha-4687227',
	'meta_title' => null,
	'meta_keywords' => null,
	'meta_description' => null,
	'noindex' => (int) 0,
	'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	'most_visit_section_id' => null,
	'article_big_img' => null,
	'liveid' => (int) 4687227,
	'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'edate' => '',
	'tags' => [
		(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	'[new]' => false,
	'[accessible]' => [
		'*' => true,
		'id' => false
	],
	'[dirty]' => [],
	'[original]' => [],
	'[virtual]' => [],
	'[hasErrors]' => false,
	'[errors]' => [],
	'[invalid]' => [],
	'[repository]' => 'Articles'

}
$articleid = (int) 39095
$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Who&#039;s right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha'
$metaKeywords = 'Other Traditional Forest Dwellers,Forest Dwellers,Forest rights act 2006,Forest title claims,forest rights,forest rights act'
$metaDesc = '
-Down to Earth

Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &lsquo;illegitimate&rsquo; tribals from the forests

There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &ldquo;illegitimate&rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-Down to Earth<br /><br /><em>Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict &lsquo;illegitimate&rsquo; tribals from the forests<br /></em><br />There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on &ldquo;illegitimate&rdquo; forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a rising dismay and shock at this judicial legitimation of unparalleled atrocity against the tribals. The order is nothing less than the final legitimised expropriation of the tribal communities (poor landless) under the pressure of rising capitalist industries.<br /><br /><em>Evidence, history and culture<br /></em><br />The order stated that those tribals whose claims for forest pattas were rejected (i.e., whose proof of possession failed to meet the standards of evidence) should be thrown out of the forests. It is assumed implicitly here that a legitimate tribal will have proof. But there is a flaw in this argument.<br /><br />The question that arises is: what does proof or evidence mean in these circumstances? Is it possible for an individual of a family or community, which had chosen to live outside the boundaries of our modern rural and urban structures, to have what we call proof?<br /><br />It is precisely a distrust and suspicion of such proofs of possession of property that was the reason for their deciding to find their means of survival outside &lsquo;civilisation&rsquo;, becoming what we call &lsquo;tribals&rsquo;. <br /><br />A colonial Revenue Commissioner in the 1920s understood the uneasiness about the issue of property ownership among tribals very well. He saw that the tribal eschewed property and lived a life on the move simply because he did not know what the sahukar wrote as a debt against his (the tribal&rsquo;s) name.<br /><br />The mobility meant that the moneylender could take only what the &lsquo;landless&rsquo; tribal offered him each time the instalment was repaid at harvest (perhaps in perpetuity). There was an honesty in the tribal&rsquo;s engagement: &ldquo;I don&rsquo;t trust you, but I will honor your account of my debt&rdquo;.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666" title="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/forests/who-has-right-on-the-forest-anyway--64666">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>'
$lang = 'English'
$SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/'
$site_title = 'im4change'
$adminprix = 'admin'

include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51

Who's right for the forest anyway? - Vasudha Nagaraj, R Srivatsan and A Suneetha

-Down to Earth Reflections on Supreme Court order to evict ‘illegitimate’ tribals from the forests There is an ominous significance to the February 13, 2019 order of the Supreme Court on “illegitimate” forest-dwellers. When we first heard of it, we felt a rising dismay and shock at this judicial legitimation of unparalleled atrocity against the tribals. The order is nothing less than the final legitimised expropriation of the tribal communities (poor landless) under the pressure of rising capitalist industries. Evidence, history and culture The order stated that those tribals whose claims for forest pattas were rejected (i.e., whose proof of possession failed to meet the standards of evidence) should be thrown out of the forests. It is assumed implicitly here that a legitimate tribal will have proof. But there is a flaw in this argument. The question that arises is: what does proof or evidence mean in these circumstances? Is it possible for an individual of a family or community, which had chosen to live outside the boundaries of our modern rural and urban structures, to have what we call proof? It is precisely a distrust and suspicion of such proofs of possession of property that was the reason for their deciding to find their means of survival outside ‘civilisation’, becoming what we call ‘tribals’. A colonial Revenue Commissioner in the 1920s understood the uneasiness about the issue of property ownership among tribals very well. He saw that the tribal eschewed property and lived a life on the move simply because he did not know what the sahukar wrote as a debt against his (the tribal’s) name. The mobility meant that the moneylender could take only what the ‘landless’ tribal offered him each time the instalment was repaid at harvest (perhaps in perpetuity). There was an honesty in the tribal’s engagement: “I don’t trust you, but I will honor your account of my debt”. Please click here to read more.