Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr680261dff20e7-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr680261dff20e7-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr680261dff20e7-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr680261dff20e7-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr680261dff20e7-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr680261dff20e7-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr680261dff20e7-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr680261dff20e7-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
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</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr680261dff20e7-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
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-BBC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The numbers are stark - for the first time in India&#039;s recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of the total number of women in the workforce.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Nearly 20 million Indian women quit work between 2004-05 to 2011-12&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* The labour force participation rate for women of working age declined from 42% in 1993-94 to 31% in 2011-12&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Some 53% of the total drop - the largest chunk - happened among women aged 15-24 and living in villages&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* In rural areas, the female labour force participation rate dropped from 49% to 37.8% between 2004-05 and 2009-10&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* While more than 24 million men joined the work force between 2004-5 to 2009-10, the number of women in the the work force dropped by 21.7 million&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Using data gleaned from successive rounds of National Sample Survey Organisation and census data, a team of researchers from World Bank have attempted to find out why this is happening.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;These are significant matters of concern. As India poises itself to increase economic growth and foster development, it is necessary to ensure that its labour force becomes fully inclusive of women,&amp;quot; says the study, authored by Luis A Andres, Basab Dasgupta, George Joseph, Vinoj Abraham and Maria Correia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So what accounts for the unprecedented and puzzling drop in women&#039;s participation in the workforce - at a time when India&#039;s economy has grown at a steady pace?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Predictable social norms are attributed to women quitting work in India: marriage, motherhood, vexed gender relations and biases, and patriarchy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But they may not be the only reasons. Marriage, for example, does affect the rate of participation of women in the workforce. But in villages, the workforce participation rate of married women has been found to be higher than that of unmarried women - whereas in the cities, the situation is reversed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Significantly, rising aspirations and relative prosperity may be actually responsible for putting a large cohort of women out of work in India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Remember, the largest drop has been in the villages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After calculating the labour force participation rates and educational participation rates (young women in schools) the researchers believe that one plausible explanation for the drop in the participation rate among rural girls and women aged 15-24 is the recent expansion of secondary education and rapidly changing social norms leading to &amp;quot;more working age young females opting to continue their education rather than join the labour force early&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The numbers are stark - for the first time in India&#039;s recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of the total number of women in the workforce.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Nearly 20 million Indian women quit work between 2004-05 to 2011-12&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* The labour force participation rate for women of working age declined from 42% in 1993-94 to 31% in 2011-12&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Some 53% of the total drop - the largest chunk - happened among women aged 15-24 and living in villages&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* In rural areas, the female labour force participation rate dropped from 49% to 37.8% between 2004-05 and 2009-10&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* While more than 24 million men joined the work force between 2004-5 to 2009-10, the number of women in the the work force dropped by 21.7 million&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Using data gleaned from successive rounds of National Sample Survey Organisation and census data, a team of researchers from World Bank have attempted to find out why this is happening.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;These are significant matters of concern. As India poises itself to increase economic growth and foster development, it is necessary to ensure that its labour force becomes fully inclusive of women,&amp;quot; says the study, authored by Luis A Andres, Basab Dasgupta, George Joseph, Vinoj Abraham and Maria Correia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So what accounts for the unprecedented and puzzling drop in women&#039;s participation in the workforce - at a time when India&#039;s economy has grown at a steady pace?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Predictable social norms are attributed to women quitting work in India: marriage, motherhood, vexed gender relations and biases, and patriarchy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But they may not be the only reasons. Marriage, for example, does affect the rate of participation of women in the workforce. But in villages, the workforce participation rate of married women has been found to be higher than that of unmarried women - whereas in the cities, the situation is reversed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Significantly, rising aspirations and relative prosperity may be actually responsible for putting a large cohort of women out of work in India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Remember, the largest drop has been in the villages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After calculating the labour force participation rates and educational participation rates (young women in schools) the researchers believe that one plausible explanation for the drop in the participation rate among rural girls and women aged 15-24 is the recent expansion of secondary education and rapidly changing social norms leading to &amp;quot;more working age young females opting to continue their education rather than join the labour force early&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-BBC

Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?

The numbers are stark - for the first time in India&#039;s recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of...&#039;
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Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?

The numbers are stark - for the first time in India's recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of..."/>
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                <strong>Why are millions of Indian women dropping out of work? -Soutik Biswas</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-BBC<br /><br /><em>Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?<br /></em><br />The numbers are stark - for the first time in India's recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of the total number of women in the workforce.<br /><br />* Nearly 20 million Indian women quit work between 2004-05 to 2011-12<br /><br />* The labour force participation rate for women of working age declined from 42% in 1993-94 to 31% in 2011-12<br /><br />* Some 53% of the total drop - the largest chunk - happened among women aged 15-24 and living in villages<br /><br />* In rural areas, the female labour force participation rate dropped from 49% to 37.8% between 2004-05 and 2009-10<br /><br />* While more than 24 million men joined the work force between 2004-5 to 2009-10, the number of women in the the work force dropped by 21.7 million<br /><br />Using data gleaned from successive rounds of National Sample Survey Organisation and census data, a team of researchers from World Bank have attempted to find out why this is happening.<br /><br />&quot;These are significant matters of concern. As India poises itself to increase economic growth and foster development, it is necessary to ensure that its labour force becomes fully inclusive of women,&quot; says the study, authored by Luis A Andres, Basab Dasgupta, George Joseph, Vinoj Abraham and Maria Correia.<br /><br />So what accounts for the unprecedented and puzzling drop in women's participation in the workforce - at a time when India's economy has grown at a steady pace?<br /><br />Predictable social norms are attributed to women quitting work in India: marriage, motherhood, vexed gender relations and biases, and patriarchy.<br /><br />But they may not be the only reasons. Marriage, for example, does affect the rate of participation of women in the workforce. But in villages, the workforce participation rate of married women has been found to be higher than that of unmarried women - whereas in the cities, the situation is reversed.<br /><br />Significantly, rising aspirations and relative prosperity may be actually responsible for putting a large cohort of women out of work in India.<br /><br />Remember, the largest drop has been in the villages.<br /><br />After calculating the labour force participation rates and educational participation rates (young women in schools) the researchers believe that one plausible explanation for the drop in the participation rate among rural girls and women aged 15-24 is the recent expansion of secondary education and rapidly changing social norms leading to &quot;more working age young females opting to continue their education rather than join the labour force early&quot;.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473" title="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-BBC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The numbers are stark - for the first time in India&#039;s recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of the total number of women in the workforce.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Nearly 20 million Indian women quit work between 2004-05 to 2011-12&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* The labour force participation rate for women of working age declined from 42% in 1993-94 to 31% in 2011-12&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Some 53% of the total drop - the largest chunk - happened among women aged 15-24 and living in villages&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* In rural areas, the female labour force participation rate dropped from 49% to 37.8% between 2004-05 and 2009-10&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* While more than 24 million men joined the work force between 2004-5 to 2009-10, the number of women in the the work force dropped by 21.7 million&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Using data gleaned from successive rounds of National Sample Survey Organisation and census data, a team of researchers from World Bank have attempted to find out why this is happening.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;These are significant matters of concern. As India poises itself to increase economic growth and foster development, it is necessary to ensure that its labour force becomes fully inclusive of women,&amp;quot; says the study, authored by Luis A Andres, Basab Dasgupta, George Joseph, Vinoj Abraham and Maria Correia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So what accounts for the unprecedented and puzzling drop in women&#039;s participation in the workforce - at a time when India&#039;s economy has grown at a steady pace?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Predictable social norms are attributed to women quitting work in India: marriage, motherhood, vexed gender relations and biases, and patriarchy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But they may not be the only reasons. Marriage, for example, does affect the rate of participation of women in the workforce. But in villages, the workforce participation rate of married women has been found to be higher than that of unmarried women - whereas in the cities, the situation is reversed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Significantly, rising aspirations and relative prosperity may be actually responsible for putting a large cohort of women out of work in India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Remember, the largest drop has been in the villages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After calculating the labour force participation rates and educational participation rates (young women in schools) the researchers believe that one plausible explanation for the drop in the participation rate among rural girls and women aged 15-24 is the recent expansion of secondary education and rapidly changing social norms leading to &amp;quot;more working age young females opting to continue their education rather than join the labour force early&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-BBC&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The numbers are stark - for the first time in India&#039;s recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of the total number of women in the workforce.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Nearly 20 million Indian women quit work between 2004-05 to 2011-12&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* The labour force participation rate for women of working age declined from 42% in 1993-94 to 31% in 2011-12&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Some 53% of the total drop - the largest chunk - happened among women aged 15-24 and living in villages&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* In rural areas, the female labour force participation rate dropped from 49% to 37.8% between 2004-05 and 2009-10&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* While more than 24 million men joined the work force between 2004-5 to 2009-10, the number of women in the the work force dropped by 21.7 million&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Using data gleaned from successive rounds of National Sample Survey Organisation and census data, a team of researchers from World Bank have attempted to find out why this is happening.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;quot;These are significant matters of concern. As India poises itself to increase economic growth and foster development, it is necessary to ensure that its labour force becomes fully inclusive of women,&amp;quot; says the study, authored by Luis A Andres, Basab Dasgupta, George Joseph, Vinoj Abraham and Maria Correia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So what accounts for the unprecedented and puzzling drop in women&#039;s participation in the workforce - at a time when India&#039;s economy has grown at a steady pace?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Predictable social norms are attributed to women quitting work in India: marriage, motherhood, vexed gender relations and biases, and patriarchy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But they may not be the only reasons. Marriage, for example, does affect the rate of participation of women in the workforce. But in villages, the workforce participation rate of married women has been found to be higher than that of unmarried women - whereas in the cities, the situation is reversed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Significantly, rising aspirations and relative prosperity may be actually responsible for putting a large cohort of women out of work in India.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Remember, the largest drop has been in the villages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After calculating the labour force participation rates and educational participation rates (young women in schools) the researchers believe that one plausible explanation for the drop in the participation rate among rural girls and women aged 15-24 is the recent expansion of secondary education and rapidly changing social norms leading to &amp;quot;more working age young females opting to continue their education rather than join the labour force early&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473&quot; title=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The numbers are stark - for the first time in India&#039;s recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of the total number of women in the workforce.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Nearly 20 million Indian women quit work between 2004-05 to 2011-12&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* The labour force participation rate for women of working age declined from 42% in 1993-94 to 31% in 2011-12&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Some 53% of the total drop - the largest chunk - happened among women aged 15-24 and living in villages&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* In rural areas, the female labour force participation rate dropped from 49% to 37.8% between 2004-05 and 2009-10&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* While more than 24 million men joined the work force between 2004-5 to 2009-10, the number of women in the the work force dropped by 21.7 million&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Using data gleaned from successive rounds of National Sample Survey Organisation and census data, a team of researchers from World Bank have attempted to find out why this is happening.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;These are significant matters of concern. As India poises itself to increase economic growth and foster development, it is necessary to ensure that its labour force becomes fully inclusive of women,&amp;quot; says the study, authored by Luis A Andres, Basab Dasgupta, George Joseph, Vinoj Abraham and Maria Correia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So what accounts for the unprecedented and puzzling drop in women&#039;s participation in the workforce - at a time when India&#039;s economy has grown at a steady pace?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Predictable social norms are attributed to women quitting work in India: marriage, motherhood, vexed gender relations and biases, and patriarchy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But they may not be the only reasons. Marriage, for example, does affect the rate of participation of women in the workforce. But in villages, the workforce participation rate of married women has been found to be higher than that of unmarried women - whereas in the cities, the situation is reversed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Significantly, rising aspirations and relative prosperity may be actually responsible for putting a large cohort of women out of work in India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Remember, the largest drop has been in the villages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?

The numbers are stark - for the first time in India&#039;s recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of...&#039;
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-BBC

Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?

The numbers are stark - for the first time in India's recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of..."/>
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                <strong>Why are millions of Indian women dropping out of work? -Soutik Biswas</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-BBC<br /><br /><em>Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?<br /></em><br />The numbers are stark - for the first time in India's recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of the total number of women in the workforce.<br /><br />* Nearly 20 million Indian women quit work between 2004-05 to 2011-12<br /><br />* The labour force participation rate for women of working age declined from 42% in 1993-94 to 31% in 2011-12<br /><br />* Some 53% of the total drop - the largest chunk - happened among women aged 15-24 and living in villages<br /><br />* In rural areas, the female labour force participation rate dropped from 49% to 37.8% between 2004-05 and 2009-10<br /><br />* While more than 24 million men joined the work force between 2004-5 to 2009-10, the number of women in the the work force dropped by 21.7 million<br /><br />Using data gleaned from successive rounds of National Sample Survey Organisation and census data, a team of researchers from World Bank have attempted to find out why this is happening.<br /><br />&quot;These are significant matters of concern. As India poises itself to increase economic growth and foster development, it is necessary to ensure that its labour force becomes fully inclusive of women,&quot; says the study, authored by Luis A Andres, Basab Dasgupta, George Joseph, Vinoj Abraham and Maria Correia.<br /><br />So what accounts for the unprecedented and puzzling drop in women's participation in the workforce - at a time when India's economy has grown at a steady pace?<br /><br />Predictable social norms are attributed to women quitting work in India: marriage, motherhood, vexed gender relations and biases, and patriarchy.<br /><br />But they may not be the only reasons. Marriage, for example, does affect the rate of participation of women in the workforce. But in villages, the workforce participation rate of married women has been found to be higher than that of unmarried women - whereas in the cities, the situation is reversed.<br /><br />Significantly, rising aspirations and relative prosperity may be actually responsible for putting a large cohort of women out of work in India.<br /><br />Remember, the largest drop has been in the villages.<br /><br />After calculating the labour force participation rates and educational participation rates (young women in schools) the researchers believe that one plausible explanation for the drop in the participation rate among rural girls and women aged 15-24 is the recent expansion of secondary education and rapidly changing social norms leading to &quot;more working age young females opting to continue their education rather than join the labour force early&quot;.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473" title="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-BBC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The numbers are stark - for the first time in India&#039;s recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of the total number of women in the workforce.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Nearly 20 million Indian women quit work between 2004-05 to 2011-12&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* The labour force participation rate for women of working age declined from 42% in 1993-94 to 31% in 2011-12&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Some 53% of the total drop - the largest chunk - happened among women aged 15-24 and living in villages&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* In rural areas, the female labour force participation rate dropped from 49% to 37.8% between 2004-05 and 2009-10&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* While more than 24 million men joined the work force between 2004-5 to 2009-10, the number of women in the the work force dropped by 21.7 million&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Using data gleaned from successive rounds of National Sample Survey Organisation and census data, a team of researchers from World Bank have attempted to find out why this is happening.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;These are significant matters of concern. As India poises itself to increase economic growth and foster development, it is necessary to ensure that its labour force becomes fully inclusive of women,&amp;quot; says the study, authored by Luis A Andres, Basab Dasgupta, George Joseph, Vinoj Abraham and Maria Correia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So what accounts for the unprecedented and puzzling drop in women&#039;s participation in the workforce - at a time when India&#039;s economy has grown at a steady pace?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Predictable social norms are attributed to women quitting work in India: marriage, motherhood, vexed gender relations and biases, and patriarchy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But they may not be the only reasons. Marriage, for example, does affect the rate of participation of women in the workforce. But in villages, the workforce participation rate of married women has been found to be higher than that of unmarried women - whereas in the cities, the situation is reversed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Significantly, rising aspirations and relative prosperity may be actually responsible for putting a large cohort of women out of work in India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Remember, the largest drop has been in the villages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After calculating the labour force participation rates and educational participation rates (young women in schools) the researchers believe that one plausible explanation for the drop in the participation rate among rural girls and women aged 15-24 is the recent expansion of secondary education and rapidly changing social norms leading to &amp;quot;more working age young females opting to continue their education rather than join the labour force early&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?

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	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-BBC&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The numbers are stark - for the first time in India&#039;s recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of the total number of women in the workforce.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Nearly 20 million Indian women quit work between 2004-05 to 2011-12&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* The labour force participation rate for women of working age declined from 42% in 1993-94 to 31% in 2011-12&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Some 53% of the total drop - the largest chunk - happened among women aged 15-24 and living in villages&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* In rural areas, the female labour force participation rate dropped from 49% to 37.8% between 2004-05 and 2009-10&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* While more than 24 million men joined the work force between 2004-5 to 2009-10, the number of women in the the work force dropped by 21.7 million&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Using data gleaned from successive rounds of National Sample Survey Organisation and census data, a team of researchers from World Bank have attempted to find out why this is happening.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;quot;These are significant matters of concern. As India poises itself to increase economic growth and foster development, it is necessary to ensure that its labour force becomes fully inclusive of women,&amp;quot; says the study, authored by Luis A Andres, Basab Dasgupta, George Joseph, Vinoj Abraham and Maria Correia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So what accounts for the unprecedented and puzzling drop in women&#039;s participation in the workforce - at a time when India&#039;s economy has grown at a steady pace?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Predictable social norms are attributed to women quitting work in India: marriage, motherhood, vexed gender relations and biases, and patriarchy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But they may not be the only reasons. Marriage, for example, does affect the rate of participation of women in the workforce. But in villages, the workforce participation rate of married women has been found to be higher than that of unmarried women - whereas in the cities, the situation is reversed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Significantly, rising aspirations and relative prosperity may be actually responsible for putting a large cohort of women out of work in India.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Remember, the largest drop has been in the villages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After calculating the labour force participation rates and educational participation rates (young women in schools) the researchers believe that one plausible explanation for the drop in the participation rate among rural girls and women aged 15-24 is the recent expansion of secondary education and rapidly changing social norms leading to &amp;quot;more working age young females opting to continue their education rather than join the labour force early&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473&quot; title=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-BBC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The numbers are stark - for the first time in India&#039;s recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of the total number of women in the workforce.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Nearly 20 million Indian women quit work between 2004-05 to 2011-12&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* The labour force participation rate for women of working age declined from 42% in 1993-94 to 31% in 2011-12&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Some 53% of the total drop - the largest chunk - happened among women aged 15-24 and living in villages&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* In rural areas, the female labour force participation rate dropped from 49% to 37.8% between 2004-05 and 2009-10&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* While more than 24 million men joined the work force between 2004-5 to 2009-10, the number of women in the the work force dropped by 21.7 million&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Using data gleaned from successive rounds of National Sample Survey Organisation and census data, a team of researchers from World Bank have attempted to find out why this is happening.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;These are significant matters of concern. As India poises itself to increase economic growth and foster development, it is necessary to ensure that its labour force becomes fully inclusive of women,&amp;quot; says the study, authored by Luis A Andres, Basab Dasgupta, George Joseph, Vinoj Abraham and Maria Correia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So what accounts for the unprecedented and puzzling drop in women&#039;s participation in the workforce - at a time when India&#039;s economy has grown at a steady pace?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Predictable social norms are attributed to women quitting work in India: marriage, motherhood, vexed gender relations and biases, and patriarchy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But they may not be the only reasons. Marriage, for example, does affect the rate of participation of women in the workforce. But in villages, the workforce participation rate of married women has been found to be higher than that of unmarried women - whereas in the cities, the situation is reversed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Significantly, rising aspirations and relative prosperity may be actually responsible for putting a large cohort of women out of work in India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Remember, the largest drop has been in the villages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After calculating the labour force participation rates and educational participation rates (young women in schools) the researchers believe that one plausible explanation for the drop in the participation rate among rural girls and women aged 15-24 is the recent expansion of secondary education and rapidly changing social norms leading to &amp;quot;more working age young females opting to continue their education rather than join the labour force early&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-BBC

Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?

The numbers are stark - for the first time in India&#039;s recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-BBC&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The numbers are stark - for the first time in India&#039;s recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of the total number of women in the workforce.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Nearly 20 million Indian women quit work between 2004-05 to 2011-12&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* The labour force participation rate for women of working age declined from 42% in 1993-94 to 31% in 2011-12&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Some 53% of the total drop - the largest chunk - happened among women aged 15-24 and living in villages&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* In rural areas, the female labour force participation rate dropped from 49% to 37.8% between 2004-05 and 2009-10&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* While more than 24 million men joined the work force between 2004-5 to 2009-10, the number of women in the the work force dropped by 21.7 million&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Using data gleaned from successive rounds of National Sample Survey Organisation and census data, a team of researchers from World Bank have attempted to find out why this is happening.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;quot;These are significant matters of concern. As India poises itself to increase economic growth and foster development, it is necessary to ensure that its labour force becomes fully inclusive of women,&amp;quot; says the study, authored by Luis A Andres, Basab Dasgupta, George Joseph, Vinoj Abraham and Maria Correia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So what accounts for the unprecedented and puzzling drop in women&#039;s participation in the workforce - at a time when India&#039;s economy has grown at a steady pace?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Predictable social norms are attributed to women quitting work in India: marriage, motherhood, vexed gender relations and biases, and patriarchy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But they may not be the only reasons. Marriage, for example, does affect the rate of participation of women in the workforce. But in villages, the workforce participation rate of married women has been found to be higher than that of unmarried women - whereas in the cities, the situation is reversed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Significantly, rising aspirations and relative prosperity may be actually responsible for putting a large cohort of women out of work in India.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Remember, the largest drop has been in the villages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After calculating the labour force participation rates and educational participation rates (young women in schools) the researchers believe that one plausible explanation for the drop in the participation rate among rural girls and women aged 15-24 is the recent expansion of secondary education and rapidly changing social norms leading to &amp;quot;more working age young females opting to continue their education rather than join the labour force early&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473&quot; title=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?

The numbers are stark - for the first time in India's recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of..."/>
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                <strong>Why are millions of Indian women dropping out of work? -Soutik Biswas</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-BBC<br /><br /><em>Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?<br /></em><br />The numbers are stark - for the first time in India's recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of the total number of women in the workforce.<br /><br />* Nearly 20 million Indian women quit work between 2004-05 to 2011-12<br /><br />* The labour force participation rate for women of working age declined from 42% in 1993-94 to 31% in 2011-12<br /><br />* Some 53% of the total drop - the largest chunk - happened among women aged 15-24 and living in villages<br /><br />* In rural areas, the female labour force participation rate dropped from 49% to 37.8% between 2004-05 and 2009-10<br /><br />* While more than 24 million men joined the work force between 2004-5 to 2009-10, the number of women in the the work force dropped by 21.7 million<br /><br />Using data gleaned from successive rounds of National Sample Survey Organisation and census data, a team of researchers from World Bank have attempted to find out why this is happening.<br /><br />&quot;These are significant matters of concern. As India poises itself to increase economic growth and foster development, it is necessary to ensure that its labour force becomes fully inclusive of women,&quot; says the study, authored by Luis A Andres, Basab Dasgupta, George Joseph, Vinoj Abraham and Maria Correia.<br /><br />So what accounts for the unprecedented and puzzling drop in women's participation in the workforce - at a time when India's economy has grown at a steady pace?<br /><br />Predictable social norms are attributed to women quitting work in India: marriage, motherhood, vexed gender relations and biases, and patriarchy.<br /><br />But they may not be the only reasons. Marriage, for example, does affect the rate of participation of women in the workforce. But in villages, the workforce participation rate of married women has been found to be higher than that of unmarried women - whereas in the cities, the situation is reversed.<br /><br />Significantly, rising aspirations and relative prosperity may be actually responsible for putting a large cohort of women out of work in India.<br /><br />Remember, the largest drop has been in the villages.<br /><br />After calculating the labour force participation rates and educational participation rates (young women in schools) the researchers believe that one plausible explanation for the drop in the participation rate among rural girls and women aged 15-24 is the recent expansion of secondary education and rapidly changing social norms leading to &quot;more working age young females opting to continue their education rather than join the labour force early&quot;.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473" title="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-BBC<br />
<br />
<em>Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?<br />
</em><br />
The numbers are stark - for the first time in India's recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of the total number of women in the workforce.<br />
<br />
* Nearly 20 million Indian women quit work between 2004-05 to 2011-12<br />
<br />
* The labour force participation rate for women of working age declined from 42% in 1993-94 to 31% in 2011-12<br />
<br />
* Some 53% of the total drop - the largest chunk - happened among women aged 15-24 and living in villages<br />
<br />
* In rural areas, the female labour force participation rate dropped from 49% to 37.8% between 2004-05 and 2009-10<br />
<br />
* While more than 24 million men joined the work force between 2004-5 to 2009-10, the number of women in the the work force dropped by 21.7 million<br />
<br />
Using data gleaned from successive rounds of National Sample Survey Organisation and census data, a team of researchers from World Bank have attempted to find out why this is happening.<br />
<br />
&quot;These are significant matters of concern. As India poises itself to increase economic growth and foster development, it is necessary to ensure that its labour force becomes fully inclusive of women,&quot; says the study, authored by Luis A Andres, Basab Dasgupta, George Joseph, Vinoj Abraham and Maria Correia.<br />
<br />
So what accounts for the unprecedented and puzzling drop in women's participation in the workforce - at a time when India's economy has grown at a steady pace?<br />
<br />
Predictable social norms are attributed to women quitting work in India: marriage, motherhood, vexed gender relations and biases, and patriarchy.<br />
<br />
But they may not be the only reasons. Marriage, for example, does affect the rate of participation of women in the workforce. But in villages, the workforce participation rate of married women has been found to be higher than that of unmarried women - whereas in the cities, the situation is reversed.<br />
<br />
Significantly, rising aspirations and relative prosperity may be actually responsible for putting a large cohort of women out of work in India.<br />
<br />
Remember, the largest drop has been in the villages.<br />
<br />
After calculating the labour force participation rates and educational participation rates (young women in schools) the researchers believe that one plausible explanation for the drop in the participation rate among rural girls and women aged 15-24 is the recent expansion of secondary education and rapidly changing social norms leading to &quot;more working age young females opting to continue their education rather than join the labour force early&quot;.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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-BBC

Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?

The numbers are stark - for the first time in India's recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-BBC<br /><br /><em>Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?<br /></em><br />The numbers are stark - for the first time in India's recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of the total number of women in the workforce.<br /><br />* Nearly 20 million Indian women quit work between 2004-05 to 2011-12<br /><br />* The labour force participation rate for women of working age declined from 42% in 1993-94 to 31% in 2011-12<br /><br />* Some 53% of the total drop - the largest chunk - happened among women aged 15-24 and living in villages<br /><br />* In rural areas, the female labour force participation rate dropped from 49% to 37.8% between 2004-05 and 2009-10<br /><br />* While more than 24 million men joined the work force between 2004-5 to 2009-10, the number of women in the the work force dropped by 21.7 million<br /><br />Using data gleaned from successive rounds of National Sample Survey Organisation and census data, a team of researchers from World Bank have attempted to find out why this is happening.<br /><br />&quot;These are significant matters of concern. As India poises itself to increase economic growth and foster development, it is necessary to ensure that its labour force becomes fully inclusive of women,&quot; says the study, authored by Luis A Andres, Basab Dasgupta, George Joseph, Vinoj Abraham and Maria Correia.<br /><br />So what accounts for the unprecedented and puzzling drop in women's participation in the workforce - at a time when India's economy has grown at a steady pace?<br /><br />Predictable social norms are attributed to women quitting work in India: marriage, motherhood, vexed gender relations and biases, and patriarchy.<br /><br />But they may not be the only reasons. Marriage, for example, does affect the rate of participation of women in the workforce. But in villages, the workforce participation rate of married women has been found to be higher than that of unmarried women - whereas in the cities, the situation is reversed.<br /><br />Significantly, rising aspirations and relative prosperity may be actually responsible for putting a large cohort of women out of work in India.<br /><br />Remember, the largest drop has been in the villages.<br /><br />After calculating the labour force participation rates and educational participation rates (young women in schools) the researchers believe that one plausible explanation for the drop in the participation rate among rural girls and women aged 15-24 is the recent expansion of secondary education and rapidly changing social norms leading to &quot;more working age young females opting to continue their education rather than join the labour force early&quot;.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473" title="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>',
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-BBC<br />
<br />
<em>Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?<br />
</em><br />
The numbers are stark - for the first time in India's recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of the total number of women in the workforce.<br />
<br />
* Nearly 20 million Indian women quit work between 2004-05 to 2011-12<br />
<br />
* The labour force participation rate for women of working age declined from 42% in 1993-94 to 31% in 2011-12<br />
<br />
* Some 53% of the total drop - the largest chunk - happened among women aged 15-24 and living in villages<br />
<br />
* In rural areas, the female labour force participation rate dropped from 49% to 37.8% between 2004-05 and 2009-10<br />
<br />
* While more than 24 million men joined the work force between 2004-5 to 2009-10, the number of women in the the work force dropped by 21.7 million<br />
<br />
Using data gleaned from successive rounds of National Sample Survey Organisation and census data, a team of researchers from World Bank have attempted to find out why this is happening.<br />
<br />
&quot;These are significant matters of concern. As India poises itself to increase economic growth and foster development, it is necessary to ensure that its labour force becomes fully inclusive of women,&quot; says the study, authored by Luis A Andres, Basab Dasgupta, George Joseph, Vinoj Abraham and Maria Correia.<br />
<br />
So what accounts for the unprecedented and puzzling drop in women's participation in the workforce - at a time when India's economy has grown at a steady pace?<br />
<br />
Predictable social norms are attributed to women quitting work in India: marriage, motherhood, vexed gender relations and biases, and patriarchy.<br />
<br />
But they may not be the only reasons. Marriage, for example, does affect the rate of participation of women in the workforce. But in villages, the workforce participation rate of married women has been found to be higher than that of unmarried women - whereas in the cities, the situation is reversed.<br />
<br />
Significantly, rising aspirations and relative prosperity may be actually responsible for putting a large cohort of women out of work in India.<br />
<br />
Remember, the largest drop has been in the villages.<br />
<br />
After calculating the labour force participation rates and educational participation rates (young women in schools) the researchers believe that one plausible explanation for the drop in the participation rate among rural girls and women aged 15-24 is the recent expansion of secondary education and rapidly changing social norms leading to &quot;more working age young females opting to continue their education rather than join the labour force early&quot;.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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-BBC

Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?

The numbers are stark - for the first time in India's recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-BBC<br /><br /><em>Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India?<br /></em><br />The numbers are stark - for the first time in India's recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of the total number of women in the workforce.<br /><br />* Nearly 20 million Indian women quit work between 2004-05 to 2011-12<br /><br />* The labour force participation rate for women of working age declined from 42% in 1993-94 to 31% in 2011-12<br /><br />* Some 53% of the total drop - the largest chunk - happened among women aged 15-24 and living in villages<br /><br />* In rural areas, the female labour force participation rate dropped from 49% to 37.8% between 2004-05 and 2009-10<br /><br />* While more than 24 million men joined the work force between 2004-5 to 2009-10, the number of women in the the work force dropped by 21.7 million<br /><br />Using data gleaned from successive rounds of National Sample Survey Organisation and census data, a team of researchers from World Bank have attempted to find out why this is happening.<br /><br />&quot;These are significant matters of concern. As India poises itself to increase economic growth and foster development, it is necessary to ensure that its labour force becomes fully inclusive of women,&quot; says the study, authored by Luis A Andres, Basab Dasgupta, George Joseph, Vinoj Abraham and Maria Correia.<br /><br />So what accounts for the unprecedented and puzzling drop in women's participation in the workforce - at a time when India's economy has grown at a steady pace?<br /><br />Predictable social norms are attributed to women quitting work in India: marriage, motherhood, vexed gender relations and biases, and patriarchy.<br /><br />But they may not be the only reasons. Marriage, for example, does affect the rate of participation of women in the workforce. But in villages, the workforce participation rate of married women has been found to be higher than that of unmarried women - whereas in the cities, the situation is reversed.<br /><br />Significantly, rising aspirations and relative prosperity may be actually responsible for putting a large cohort of women out of work in India.<br /><br />Remember, the largest drop has been in the villages.<br /><br />After calculating the labour force participation rates and educational participation rates (young women in schools) the researchers believe that one plausible explanation for the drop in the participation rate among rural girls and women aged 15-24 is the recent expansion of secondary education and rapidly changing social norms leading to &quot;more working age young females opting to continue their education rather than join the labour force early&quot;.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473" title="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39945473">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>'
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Why are millions of Indian women dropping out of work? -Soutik Biswas

-BBC Why are millions of women dropping out of work in India? The numbers are stark - for the first time in India's recent history, not only there was a decline in the female labour participation rate, but also a shrinking of the total number of women in the workforce. * Nearly 20 million Indian women quit work between 2004-05 to 2011-12 * The labour force participation rate for women of working age declined from 42% in 1993-94 to 31% in 2011-12 * Some 53% of the total drop - the largest chunk - happened among women aged 15-24 and living in villages * In rural areas, the female labour force participation rate dropped from 49% to 37.8% between 2004-05 and 2009-10 * While more than 24 million men joined the work force between 2004-5 to 2009-10, the number of women in the the work force dropped by 21.7 million Using data gleaned from successive rounds of National Sample Survey Organisation and census data, a team of researchers from World Bank have attempted to find out why this is happening. "These are significant matters of concern. As India poises itself to increase economic growth and foster development, it is necessary to ensure that its labour force becomes fully inclusive of women," says the study, authored by Luis A Andres, Basab Dasgupta, George Joseph, Vinoj Abraham and Maria Correia. So what accounts for the unprecedented and puzzling drop in women's participation in the workforce - at a time when India's economy has grown at a steady pace? Predictable social norms are attributed to women quitting work in India: marriage, motherhood, vexed gender relations and biases, and patriarchy. But they may not be the only reasons. Marriage, for example, does affect the rate of participation of women in the workforce. But in villages, the workforce participation rate of married women has been found to be higher than that of unmarried women - whereas in the cities, the situation is reversed. Significantly, rising aspirations and relative prosperity may be actually responsible for putting a large cohort of women out of work in India. Remember, the largest drop has been in the villages. After calculating the labour force participation rates and educational participation rates (young women in schools) the researchers believe that one plausible explanation for the drop in the participation rate among rural girls and women aged 15-24 is the recent expansion of secondary education and rapidly changing social norms leading to "more working age young females opting to continue their education rather than join the labour force early". Please click here to read more.