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Why India Needs Village-Level Data To Target Malnutrition In Children -Archita Raghu

-IndiaSpend.com

Where are nutrition programmes failing and why? To accurately understand this and for ideas on how to efficiently target the crisis of malnutrition among Indian children, it is necessary to collect and use data from villages, says a new study

Mumbai: India must incorporate village-level data in its policies on child malnutrition to target beneficiaries and their specific needs more effectively, says a new study that analysed data across 597,121 census villages in the country. This would make government interventions more effective and hold village- and district-level bodies more accountable on how they run nutrition programmes, the study pointed out.

Differences in child malnutrition aged between 0-5 years exist at not just the state and district level, but also, especially, at the village level, said the Harvard University study released in April 2021 that combined data from the 2016 Indian Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), or the National Family Health Survey, with village-level demographic and amenities data from the 2011 Census. The study used estimates of child undernutrition based on the NFHS and Census data, predicted through modeling.

A child's nutrition levels and health can be affected by factors such as open defecation, access to clean drinking water and maternal nutrition. Up to 68% of under-five deaths in India were due to maternal and child malnutrition, IndiaSpend reported in 2020. The latest NFHS-5 data for 2019-20 found that under-nutrition among children had worsened in the last few years--over a quarter of children were stunted in the 18 of 22 states and Union territories surveyed in the first phase.

To work towards reducing malnutrition, the National Nutrition Mission (NNM) set the target of reducing child undernutrition by at least 2% per annum.

However, to reach this target, village-level data could be crucial in targeting local issues in each village, understanding if policies and interventions are really working, said experts. For example, Hortoki, a village in Mizoram featured in the Harvard study, reported stunting in 11.4% of its child population but the figure for another village just 60 km away, Bukvannei, was 55.9%.

India has set 2030 as its target year for eliminating hunger. The ongoing Covid pandemic will likely impact this target, but it has also shown how panchayats play an important role in dealing with grain supply and reaching needy families fast.

The Harvard study is important to consider because it lays out a perspective that could help "local and regional decision makers better understand the substantial village disparities in childhood undernutrition", said S.V. Subramanian, co-author and professor of population health and geography at the Harvard Chan School in the press statement that marked the release of the study.

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