Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
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<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Even in a state like Kerala, higher human development indices have not translated into equally solid gender outcomes.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;An interesting public policy question that has emerged over the last few years is why high human development indices are not translating into a better &amp;lsquo;gender status&amp;rsquo; for Kerala.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The Human Development Index (HDI) in Kerala (0.763) is the highest in India. The HDI is estimated as the geometric mean of three crucial aspects of human development &amp;ndash; health, education and income &amp;ndash; measured by life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling and average per capita income respectively.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Kerala also has the highest effective literacy rate of 93.91% among Indian states &amp;ndash; 96.02% of men and 91.98% of women are literate as against 82.14% of men and 65.46% of women at the all India level. Life expectancy at birth of women in Kerala (77.8 years) is the highest in India (70.4 years). Infant mortality rate (the probability of a baby dying before his or her first birthday) is as low as 5 per one lakh live births in Kerala, as per the latest round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5). Maternal mortality rate was much lower in Kerala (43 per one lakh live births) when compared to the situation in India (113).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;However, the &amp;lsquo;sex ratio at birth&amp;rsquo; in Kerala is worsening over the years. This statistic reflects gender discrimination even before birth.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sex ratio at birth is the number of female children born per 1,000 male children born. It has worsened from 1,047 in 2015-16 (NFHS-4) to 951 in 2019-20 (NFHS-5). The geographical differentials reveals that it is 983 in urban and 922 in rural Kerala. Generally we discuss the overall sex ratio and do not analyse the trends in sex ratio at birth. The overall sex ratio indeed is highest in Kerala (1121) in 2019-20 as per NFHS-5, which has also increased from 1049 in 2015-16 (NFHS-4).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/society/gender-budgeting-human-development-index&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;However, the &amp;lsquo;sex ratio at birth&amp;rsquo; in Kerala is worsening over the years. This statistic reflects gender discrimination even before birth.&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/society/gender-budgeting-human-development-index&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
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Even in a state like Kerala, higher human development indices have not translated into equally solid gender outcomes.

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Even in a state like Kerala, higher human development indices have not translated into equally solid gender outcomes.

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            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Why Indian States Need to Incorporate Gender Budgeting in Their Fiscal Planning -Lekha Chakraborty</strong></h1>
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                <p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Even in a state like Kerala, higher human development indices have not translated into equally solid gender outcomes.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">An interesting public policy question that has emerged over the last few years is why high human development indices are not translating into a better &lsquo;gender status&rsquo; for Kerala.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The Human Development Index (HDI) in Kerala (0.763) is the highest in India. The HDI is estimated as the geometric mean of three crucial aspects of human development &ndash; health, education and income &ndash; measured by life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling and average per capita income respectively.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Kerala also has the highest effective literacy rate of 93.91% among Indian states &ndash; 96.02% of men and 91.98% of women are literate as against 82.14% of men and 65.46% of women at the all India level. Life expectancy at birth of women in Kerala (77.8 years) is the highest in India (70.4 years). Infant mortality rate (the probability of a baby dying before his or her first birthday) is as low as 5 per one lakh live births in Kerala, as per the latest round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5). Maternal mortality rate was much lower in Kerala (43 per one lakh live births) when compared to the situation in India (113).</p><p style="text-align:justify">However, the &lsquo;sex ratio at birth&rsquo; in Kerala is worsening over the years. This statistic reflects gender discrimination even before birth.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Sex ratio at birth is the number of female children born per 1,000 male children born. It has worsened from 1,047 in 2015-16 (NFHS-4) to 951 in 2019-20 (NFHS-5). The geographical differentials reveals that it is 983 in urban and 922 in rural Kerala. Generally we discuss the overall sex ratio and do not analyse the trends in sex ratio at birth. The overall sex ratio indeed is highest in Kerala (1121) in 2019-20 as per NFHS-5, which has also increased from 1049 in 2015-16 (NFHS-4).</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/society/gender-budgeting-human-development-index" title="https://thewire.in/society/gender-budgeting-human-development-index">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>               </font>
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<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Even in a state like Kerala, higher human development indices have not translated into equally solid gender outcomes.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;An interesting public policy question that has emerged over the last few years is why high human development indices are not translating into a better &amp;lsquo;gender status&amp;rsquo; for Kerala.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The Human Development Index (HDI) in Kerala (0.763) is the highest in India. The HDI is estimated as the geometric mean of three crucial aspects of human development &amp;ndash; health, education and income &amp;ndash; measured by life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling and average per capita income respectively.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Kerala also has the highest effective literacy rate of 93.91% among Indian states &amp;ndash; 96.02% of men and 91.98% of women are literate as against 82.14% of men and 65.46% of women at the all India level. Life expectancy at birth of women in Kerala (77.8 years) is the highest in India (70.4 years). Infant mortality rate (the probability of a baby dying before his or her first birthday) is as low as 5 per one lakh live births in Kerala, as per the latest round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5). Maternal mortality rate was much lower in Kerala (43 per one lakh live births) when compared to the situation in India (113).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;However, the &amp;lsquo;sex ratio at birth&amp;rsquo; in Kerala is worsening over the years. This statistic reflects gender discrimination even before birth.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sex ratio at birth is the number of female children born per 1,000 male children born. It has worsened from 1,047 in 2015-16 (NFHS-4) to 951 in 2019-20 (NFHS-5). The geographical differentials reveals that it is 983 in urban and 922 in rural Kerala. Generally we discuss the overall sex ratio and do not analyse the trends in sex ratio at birth. The overall sex ratio indeed is highest in Kerala (1121) in 2019-20 as per NFHS-5, which has also increased from 1049 in 2015-16 (NFHS-4).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/society/gender-budgeting-human-development-index&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Even in a state like Kerala, higher human development indices have not translated into equally solid gender outcomes.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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                <p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Even in a state like Kerala, higher human development indices have not translated into equally solid gender outcomes.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">An interesting public policy question that has emerged over the last few years is why high human development indices are not translating into a better &lsquo;gender status&rsquo; for Kerala.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The Human Development Index (HDI) in Kerala (0.763) is the highest in India. The HDI is estimated as the geometric mean of three crucial aspects of human development &ndash; health, education and income &ndash; measured by life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling and average per capita income respectively.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Kerala also has the highest effective literacy rate of 93.91% among Indian states &ndash; 96.02% of men and 91.98% of women are literate as against 82.14% of men and 65.46% of women at the all India level. Life expectancy at birth of women in Kerala (77.8 years) is the highest in India (70.4 years). Infant mortality rate (the probability of a baby dying before his or her first birthday) is as low as 5 per one lakh live births in Kerala, as per the latest round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5). Maternal mortality rate was much lower in Kerala (43 per one lakh live births) when compared to the situation in India (113).</p><p style="text-align:justify">However, the &lsquo;sex ratio at birth&rsquo; in Kerala is worsening over the years. This statistic reflects gender discrimination even before birth.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Sex ratio at birth is the number of female children born per 1,000 male children born. It has worsened from 1,047 in 2015-16 (NFHS-4) to 951 in 2019-20 (NFHS-5). The geographical differentials reveals that it is 983 in urban and 922 in rural Kerala. Generally we discuss the overall sex ratio and do not analyse the trends in sex ratio at birth. The overall sex ratio indeed is highest in Kerala (1121) in 2019-20 as per NFHS-5, which has also increased from 1049 in 2015-16 (NFHS-4).</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/society/gender-budgeting-human-development-index" title="https://thewire.in/society/gender-budgeting-human-development-index">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>               </font>
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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Even in a state like Kerala, higher human development indices have not translated into equally solid gender outcomes.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;An interesting public policy question that has emerged over the last few years is why high human development indices are not translating into a better &amp;lsquo;gender status&amp;rsquo; for Kerala.&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;However, the &amp;lsquo;sex ratio at birth&amp;rsquo; in Kerala is worsening over the years. This statistic reflects gender discrimination even before birth.&lt;/p&gt;

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                <p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Even in a state like Kerala, higher human development indices have not translated into equally solid gender outcomes.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">An interesting public policy question that has emerged over the last few years is why high human development indices are not translating into a better &lsquo;gender status&rsquo; for Kerala.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The Human Development Index (HDI) in Kerala (0.763) is the highest in India. The HDI is estimated as the geometric mean of three crucial aspects of human development &ndash; health, education and income &ndash; measured by life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling and average per capita income respectively.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Kerala also has the highest effective literacy rate of 93.91% among Indian states &ndash; 96.02% of men and 91.98% of women are literate as against 82.14% of men and 65.46% of women at the all India level. Life expectancy at birth of women in Kerala (77.8 years) is the highest in India (70.4 years). Infant mortality rate (the probability of a baby dying before his or her first birthday) is as low as 5 per one lakh live births in Kerala, as per the latest round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5). Maternal mortality rate was much lower in Kerala (43 per one lakh live births) when compared to the situation in India (113).</p><p style="text-align:justify">However, the &lsquo;sex ratio at birth&rsquo; in Kerala is worsening over the years. This statistic reflects gender discrimination even before birth.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Sex ratio at birth is the number of female children born per 1,000 male children born. It has worsened from 1,047 in 2015-16 (NFHS-4) to 951 in 2019-20 (NFHS-5). The geographical differentials reveals that it is 983 in urban and 922 in rural Kerala. Generally we discuss the overall sex ratio and do not analyse the trends in sex ratio at birth. The overall sex ratio indeed is highest in Kerala (1121) in 2019-20 as per NFHS-5, which has also increased from 1049 in 2015-16 (NFHS-4).</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/society/gender-budgeting-human-development-index" title="https://thewire.in/society/gender-budgeting-human-development-index">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>               </font>
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<p style="text-align:justify"><em>Even in a state like Kerala, higher human development indices have not translated into equally solid gender outcomes.</em></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">An interesting public policy question that has emerged over the last few years is why high human development indices are not translating into a better &lsquo;gender status&rsquo; for Kerala.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">The Human Development Index (HDI) in Kerala (0.763) is the highest in India. The HDI is estimated as the geometric mean of three crucial aspects of human development &ndash; health, education and income &ndash; measured by life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling and average per capita income respectively.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Kerala also has the highest effective literacy rate of 93.91% among Indian states &ndash; 96.02% of men and 91.98% of women are literate as against 82.14% of men and 65.46% of women at the all India level. Life expectancy at birth of women in Kerala (77.8 years) is the highest in India (70.4 years). Infant mortality rate (the probability of a baby dying before his or her first birthday) is as low as 5 per one lakh live births in Kerala, as per the latest round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5). Maternal mortality rate was much lower in Kerala (43 per one lakh live births) when compared to the situation in India (113).</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">However, the &lsquo;sex ratio at birth&rsquo; in Kerala is worsening over the years. This statistic reflects gender discrimination even before birth.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Sex ratio at birth is the number of female children born per 1,000 male children born. It has worsened from 1,047 in 2015-16 (NFHS-4) to 951 in 2019-20 (NFHS-5). The geographical differentials reveals that it is 983 in urban and 922 in rural Kerala. Generally we discuss the overall sex ratio and do not analyse the trends in sex ratio at birth. The overall sex ratio indeed is highest in Kerala (1121) in 2019-20 as per NFHS-5, which has also increased from 1049 in 2015-16 (NFHS-4).</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/society/gender-budgeting-human-development-index">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="text-align:justify"><em>Even in a state like Kerala, higher human development indices have not translated into equally solid gender outcomes.</em></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">An interesting public policy question that has emerged over the last few years is why high human development indices are not translating into a better &lsquo;gender status&rsquo; for Kerala.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">The Human Development Index (HDI) in Kerala (0.763) is the highest in India. The HDI is estimated as the geometric mean of three crucial aspects of human development &ndash; health, education and income &ndash; measured by life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling and average per capita income respectively.</p>

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<p style="text-align:justify">However, the &lsquo;sex ratio at birth&rsquo; in Kerala is worsening over the years. This statistic reflects gender discrimination even before birth.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Sex ratio at birth is the number of female children born per 1,000 male children born. It has worsened from 1,047 in 2015-16 (NFHS-4) to 951 in 2019-20 (NFHS-5). The geographical differentials reveals that it is 983 in urban and 922 in rural Kerala. Generally we discuss the overall sex ratio and do not analyse the trends in sex ratio at birth. The overall sex ratio indeed is highest in Kerala (1121) in 2019-20 as per NFHS-5, which has also increased from 1049 in 2015-16 (NFHS-4).</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/society/gender-budgeting-human-development-index">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>
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Even in a state like Kerala, higher human development indices have not translated into equally solid gender outcomes.

An interesting public policy question that has emerged over the last few years is why high human development indices are not translating into...'
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Why Indian States Need to Incorporate Gender Budgeting in Their Fiscal Planning -Lekha Chakraborty

-TheWire.in Even in a state like Kerala, higher human development indices have not translated into equally solid gender outcomes. An interesting public policy question that has emerged over the last few years is why high human development indices are not translating into a better ‘gender status’ for Kerala. The Human Development Index (HDI) in Kerala (0.763) is the highest in India. The HDI is estimated as the geometric mean of three crucial aspects of human development – health, education and income – measured by life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling and average per capita income respectively. Kerala also has the highest effective literacy rate of 93.91% among Indian states – 96.02% of men and 91.98% of women are literate as against 82.14% of men and 65.46% of women at the all India level. Life expectancy at birth of women in Kerala (77.8 years) is the highest in India (70.4 years). Infant mortality rate (the probability of a baby dying before his or her first birthday) is as low as 5 per one lakh live births in Kerala, as per the latest round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5). Maternal mortality rate was much lower in Kerala (43 per one lakh live births) when compared to the situation in India (113). However, the ‘sex ratio at birth’ in Kerala is worsening over the years. This statistic reflects gender discrimination even before birth. Sex ratio at birth is the number of female children born per 1,000 male children born. It has worsened from 1,047 in 2015-16 (NFHS-4) to 951 in 2019-20 (NFHS-5). The geographical differentials reveals that it is 983 in urban and 922 in rural Kerala. Generally we discuss the overall sex ratio and do not analyse the trends in sex ratio at birth. The overall sex ratio indeed is highest in Kerala (1121) in 2019-20 as per NFHS-5, which has also increased from 1049 in 2015-16 (NFHS-4). Please click here to read more.