Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;How support for left and right-leaning parties is changing in social composition&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Some decades back the typical voting pattern in many democracies used to be that the rich and upper middle classes used to vote in general for right-leaning parties, while the relatively poor voted for left-leaning parties. But in recent decades this pattern has been shifting: many of the professional or more educated voters in some of those countries are increasingly going for left or green parties, while many of the poor working-class voters are turning to right-wing parties, sometimes led by populist demagogues. Thomas Piketty and his associates in a new paper issued by the World Inequ&amp;shy;ality Lab have provided data to show that for 21 western democracies the more educated voters have over the years become more left supporters than the less-educated voters. Piketty has described this elite division between high-education and high-income people colourfully as that between the Brahmin Left and the Merchant (the corresponding Indian caste term would have been &amp;ldquo;bania&amp;rdquo;) Right. He does not go much into explaining this pattern but it is clear that as education expands, people appreciate more liberal values, which may outweigh their worries about higher taxes that the left parties may inflict.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;But this still leaves unexplained why the less-educated poor are leaning right. Of course the shocks of job losses due to global integration and automation have hurt them, but why are they turning right instead of turning toward far-left parties which are often anti-globalisation and supporting more social protection for working classes? I&amp;rsquo;d suggest that this is for two major reasons. The first has to do with economic policy, and the second predominantly cultural.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/why-the-poor-are-leaning-right-121061300827_1.html?code=enhINGpUQnBYSE5hbGdtSXNldGs1NVB4UDBHU1RYT2Y5T2grQkhOS3Jacz0%3D#.YMa6Fuo7UdA.twitter&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;But this still leaves unexplained why the less-educated poor are leaning right. Of course the shocks of job losses due to global integration and automation have hurt them, but why are they turning right instead of turning toward far-left parties which are often anti-globalisation and supporting more social protection for working classes? I&amp;rsquo;d suggest that this is for two major reasons. The first has to do with economic policy, and the second predominantly cultural.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/why-the-poor-are-leaning-right-121061300827_1.html?code=enhINGpUQnBYSE5hbGdtSXNldGs1NVB4UDBHU1RYT2Y5T2grQkhOS3Jacz0%3D#.YMa6Fuo7UdA.twitter&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;

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How support for left and right-leaning parties is changing in social composition

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How support for left and right-leaning parties is changing in social composition

Some decades back the typical voting pattern in many democracies used to be that the rich and upper middle classes used to vote in general for right-leaning parties,..."/>
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                <p style="text-align:justify">-Business Standard</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>How support for left and right-leaning parties is changing in social composition</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">Some decades back the typical voting pattern in many democracies used to be that the rich and upper middle classes used to vote in general for right-leaning parties, while the relatively poor voted for left-leaning parties. But in recent decades this pattern has been shifting: many of the professional or more educated voters in some of those countries are increasingly going for left or green parties, while many of the poor working-class voters are turning to right-wing parties, sometimes led by populist demagogues. Thomas Piketty and his associates in a new paper issued by the World Inequ&shy;ality Lab have provided data to show that for 21 western democracies the more educated voters have over the years become more left supporters than the less-educated voters. Piketty has described this elite division between high-education and high-income people colourfully as that between the Brahmin Left and the Merchant (the corresponding Indian caste term would have been &ldquo;bania&rdquo;) Right. He does not go much into explaining this pattern but it is clear that as education expands, people appreciate more liberal values, which may outweigh their worries about higher taxes that the left parties may inflict.</p><p style="text-align:justify">But this still leaves unexplained why the less-educated poor are leaning right. Of course the shocks of job losses due to global integration and automation have hurt them, but why are they turning right instead of turning toward far-left parties which are often anti-globalisation and supporting more social protection for working classes? I&rsquo;d suggest that this is for two major reasons. The first has to do with economic policy, and the second predominantly cultural.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/why-the-poor-are-leaning-right-121061300827_1.html?code=enhINGpUQnBYSE5hbGdtSXNldGs1NVB4UDBHU1RYT2Y5T2grQkhOS3Jacz0%3D#.YMa6Fuo7UdA.twitter" title="https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/why-the-poor-are-leaning-right-121061300827_1.html?code=enhINGpUQnBYSE5hbGdtSXNldGs1NVB4UDBHU1RYT2Y5T2grQkhOS3Jacz0%3D#.YMa6Fuo7UdA.twitter">click here</a> to read more.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>               </font>
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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;How support for left and right-leaning parties is changing in social composition&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Some decades back the typical voting pattern in many democracies used to be that the rich and upper middle classes used to vote in general for right-leaning parties, while the relatively poor voted for left-leaning parties. But in recent decades this pattern has been shifting: many of the professional or more educated voters in some of those countries are increasingly going for left or green parties, while many of the poor working-class voters are turning to right-wing parties, sometimes led by populist demagogues. Thomas Piketty and his associates in a new paper issued by the World Inequ&amp;shy;ality Lab have provided data to show that for 21 western democracies the more educated voters have over the years become more left supporters than the less-educated voters. Piketty has described this elite division between high-education and high-income people colourfully as that between the Brahmin Left and the Merchant (the corresponding Indian caste term would have been &amp;ldquo;bania&amp;rdquo;) Right. He does not go much into explaining this pattern but it is clear that as education expands, people appreciate more liberal values, which may outweigh their worries about higher taxes that the left parties may inflict.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;But this still leaves unexplained why the less-educated poor are leaning right. Of course the shocks of job losses due to global integration and automation have hurt them, but why are they turning right instead of turning toward far-left parties which are often anti-globalisation and supporting more social protection for working classes? I&amp;rsquo;d suggest that this is for two major reasons. The first has to do with economic policy, and the second predominantly cultural.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/why-the-poor-are-leaning-right-121061300827_1.html?code=enhINGpUQnBYSE5hbGdtSXNldGs1NVB4UDBHU1RYT2Y5T2grQkhOS3Jacz0%3D#.YMa6Fuo7UdA.twitter&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Some decades back the typical voting pattern in many democracies used to be that the rich and upper middle classes used to vote in general for right-leaning parties, while the relatively poor voted for left-leaning parties. But in recent decades this pattern has been shifting: many of the professional or more educated voters in some of those countries are increasingly going for left or green parties, while many of the poor working-class voters are turning to right-wing parties, sometimes led by populist demagogues. Thomas Piketty and his associates in a new paper issued by the World Inequ&amp;shy;ality Lab have provided data to show that for 21 western democracies the more educated voters have over the years become more left supporters than the less-educated voters. Piketty has described this elite division between high-education and high-income people colourfully as that between the Brahmin Left and the Merchant (the corresponding Indian caste term would have been &amp;ldquo;bania&amp;rdquo;) Right. He does not go much into explaining this pattern but it is clear that as education expands, people appreciate more liberal values, which may outweigh their worries about higher taxes that the left parties may inflict.&lt;/p&gt;

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$disp = &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-Business Standard&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;How support for left and right-leaning parties is changing in social composition&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Some decades back the typical voting pattern in many democracies used to be that the rich and upper middle classes used to vote in general for right-leaning parties, while the relatively poor voted for left-leaning parties. But in recent decades this pattern has been shifting: many of the professional or more educated voters in some of those countries are increasingly going for left or green parties, while many of the poor working-class voters are turning to right-wing parties, sometimes led by populist demagogues. Thomas Piketty and his associates in a new paper issued by the World Inequ&amp;shy;ality Lab have provided data to show that for 21 western democracies the more educated voters have over the years become more left supporters than the less-educated voters. Piketty has described this elite division between high-education and high-income people colourfully as that between the Brahmin Left and the Merchant (the corresponding Indian caste term would have been &amp;ldquo;bania&amp;rdquo;) Right. He does not go much into explaining this pattern but it is clear that as education expands, people appreciate more liberal values, which may outweigh their worries about higher taxes that the left parties may inflict.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;But this still leaves unexplained why the less-educated poor are leaning right. Of course the shocks of job losses due to global integration and automation have hurt them, but why are they turning right instead of turning toward far-left parties which are often anti-globalisation and supporting more social protection for working classes? I&amp;rsquo;d suggest that this is for two major reasons. The first has to do with economic policy, and the second predominantly cultural.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/why-the-poor-are-leaning-right-121061300827_1.html?code=enhINGpUQnBYSE5hbGdtSXNldGs1NVB4UDBHU1RYT2Y5T2grQkhOS3Jacz0%3D#.YMa6Fuo7UdA.twitter&quot; title=&quot;https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/why-the-poor-are-leaning-right-121061300827_1.html?code=enhINGpUQnBYSE5hbGdtSXNldGs1NVB4UDBHU1RYT2Y5T2grQkhOS3Jacz0%3D#.YMa6Fuo7UdA.twitter&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#039;
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How support for left and right-leaning parties is changing in social composition

Some decades back the typical voting pattern in many democracies used to be that the rich and upper middle classes used to vote in general for right-leaning parties,..."/>
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                <strong>Why the poor are leaning right -Pranab Bardhan  </strong></h1>
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                <p style="text-align:justify">-Business Standard</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>How support for left and right-leaning parties is changing in social composition</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">Some decades back the typical voting pattern in many democracies used to be that the rich and upper middle classes used to vote in general for right-leaning parties, while the relatively poor voted for left-leaning parties. But in recent decades this pattern has been shifting: many of the professional or more educated voters in some of those countries are increasingly going for left or green parties, while many of the poor working-class voters are turning to right-wing parties, sometimes led by populist demagogues. Thomas Piketty and his associates in a new paper issued by the World Inequ&shy;ality Lab have provided data to show that for 21 western democracies the more educated voters have over the years become more left supporters than the less-educated voters. Piketty has described this elite division between high-education and high-income people colourfully as that between the Brahmin Left and the Merchant (the corresponding Indian caste term would have been &ldquo;bania&rdquo;) Right. He does not go much into explaining this pattern but it is clear that as education expands, people appreciate more liberal values, which may outweigh their worries about higher taxes that the left parties may inflict.</p><p style="text-align:justify">But this still leaves unexplained why the less-educated poor are leaning right. Of course the shocks of job losses due to global integration and automation have hurt them, but why are they turning right instead of turning toward far-left parties which are often anti-globalisation and supporting more social protection for working classes? I&rsquo;d suggest that this is for two major reasons. The first has to do with economic policy, and the second predominantly cultural.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/why-the-poor-are-leaning-right-121061300827_1.html?code=enhINGpUQnBYSE5hbGdtSXNldGs1NVB4UDBHU1RYT2Y5T2grQkhOS3Jacz0%3D#.YMa6Fuo7UdA.twitter" title="https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/why-the-poor-are-leaning-right-121061300827_1.html?code=enhINGpUQnBYSE5hbGdtSXNldGs1NVB4UDBHU1RYT2Y5T2grQkhOS3Jacz0%3D#.YMa6Fuo7UdA.twitter">click here</a> to read more.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>               </font>
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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;How support for left and right-leaning parties is changing in social composition&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Some decades back the typical voting pattern in many democracies used to be that the rich and upper middle classes used to vote in general for right-leaning parties, while the relatively poor voted for left-leaning parties. But in recent decades this pattern has been shifting: many of the professional or more educated voters in some of those countries are increasingly going for left or green parties, while many of the poor working-class voters are turning to right-wing parties, sometimes led by populist demagogues. Thomas Piketty and his associates in a new paper issued by the World Inequ&amp;shy;ality Lab have provided data to show that for 21 western democracies the more educated voters have over the years become more left supporters than the less-educated voters. Piketty has described this elite division between high-education and high-income people colourfully as that between the Brahmin Left and the Merchant (the corresponding Indian caste term would have been &amp;ldquo;bania&amp;rdquo;) Right. He does not go much into explaining this pattern but it is clear that as education expands, people appreciate more liberal values, which may outweigh their worries about higher taxes that the left parties may inflict.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;But this still leaves unexplained why the less-educated poor are leaning right. Of course the shocks of job losses due to global integration and automation have hurt them, but why are they turning right instead of turning toward far-left parties which are often anti-globalisation and supporting more social protection for working classes? I&amp;rsquo;d suggest that this is for two major reasons. The first has to do with economic policy, and the second predominantly cultural.&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;How support for left and right-leaning parties is changing in social composition&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Some decades back the typical voting pattern in many democracies used to be that the rich and upper middle classes used to vote in general for right-leaning parties, while the relatively poor voted for left-leaning parties. But in recent decades this pattern has been shifting: many of the professional or more educated voters in some of those countries are increasingly going for left or green parties, while many of the poor working-class voters are turning to right-wing parties, sometimes led by populist demagogues. Thomas Piketty and his associates in a new paper issued by the World Inequ&amp;shy;ality Lab have provided data to show that for 21 western democracies the more educated voters have over the years become more left supporters than the less-educated voters. Piketty has described this elite division between high-education and high-income people colourfully as that between the Brahmin Left and the Merchant (the corresponding Indian caste term would have been &amp;ldquo;bania&amp;rdquo;) Right. He does not go much into explaining this pattern but it is clear that as education expands, people appreciate more liberal values, which may outweigh their worries about higher taxes that the left parties may inflict.&lt;/p&gt;

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How support for left and right-leaning parties is changing in social composition

Some decades back the typical voting pattern in many democracies used to be that the rich and upper middle classes used to vote in general for right-leaning parties,...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-Business Standard&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;How support for left and right-leaning parties is changing in social composition&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Some decades back the typical voting pattern in many democracies used to be that the rich and upper middle classes used to vote in general for right-leaning parties, while the relatively poor voted for left-leaning parties. But in recent decades this pattern has been shifting: many of the professional or more educated voters in some of those countries are increasingly going for left or green parties, while many of the poor working-class voters are turning to right-wing parties, sometimes led by populist demagogues. Thomas Piketty and his associates in a new paper issued by the World Inequ&amp;shy;ality Lab have provided data to show that for 21 western democracies the more educated voters have over the years become more left supporters than the less-educated voters. Piketty has described this elite division between high-education and high-income people colourfully as that between the Brahmin Left and the Merchant (the corresponding Indian caste term would have been &amp;ldquo;bania&amp;rdquo;) Right. He does not go much into explaining this pattern but it is clear that as education expands, people appreciate more liberal values, which may outweigh their worries about higher taxes that the left parties may inflict.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;But this still leaves unexplained why the less-educated poor are leaning right. Of course the shocks of job losses due to global integration and automation have hurt them, but why are they turning right instead of turning toward far-left parties which are often anti-globalisation and supporting more social protection for working classes? I&amp;rsquo;d suggest that this is for two major reasons. The first has to do with economic policy, and the second predominantly cultural.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/why-the-poor-are-leaning-right-121061300827_1.html?code=enhINGpUQnBYSE5hbGdtSXNldGs1NVB4UDBHU1RYT2Y5T2grQkhOS3Jacz0%3D#.YMa6Fuo7UdA.twitter&quot; title=&quot;https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/why-the-poor-are-leaning-right-121061300827_1.html?code=enhINGpUQnBYSE5hbGdtSXNldGs1NVB4UDBHU1RYT2Y5T2grQkhOS3Jacz0%3D#.YMa6Fuo7UdA.twitter&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#039;
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How support for left and right-leaning parties is changing in social composition

Some decades back the typical voting pattern in many democracies used to be that the rich and upper middle classes used to vote in general for right-leaning parties,..."/>
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                <strong>Why the poor are leaning right -Pranab Bardhan  </strong></h1>
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                <p style="text-align:justify">-Business Standard</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>How support for left and right-leaning parties is changing in social composition</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">Some decades back the typical voting pattern in many democracies used to be that the rich and upper middle classes used to vote in general for right-leaning parties, while the relatively poor voted for left-leaning parties. But in recent decades this pattern has been shifting: many of the professional or more educated voters in some of those countries are increasingly going for left or green parties, while many of the poor working-class voters are turning to right-wing parties, sometimes led by populist demagogues. Thomas Piketty and his associates in a new paper issued by the World Inequ&shy;ality Lab have provided data to show that for 21 western democracies the more educated voters have over the years become more left supporters than the less-educated voters. Piketty has described this elite division between high-education and high-income people colourfully as that between the Brahmin Left and the Merchant (the corresponding Indian caste term would have been &ldquo;bania&rdquo;) Right. He does not go much into explaining this pattern but it is clear that as education expands, people appreciate more liberal values, which may outweigh their worries about higher taxes that the left parties may inflict.</p><p style="text-align:justify">But this still leaves unexplained why the less-educated poor are leaning right. Of course the shocks of job losses due to global integration and automation have hurt them, but why are they turning right instead of turning toward far-left parties which are often anti-globalisation and supporting more social protection for working classes? I&rsquo;d suggest that this is for two major reasons. The first has to do with economic policy, and the second predominantly cultural.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/why-the-poor-are-leaning-right-121061300827_1.html?code=enhINGpUQnBYSE5hbGdtSXNldGs1NVB4UDBHU1RYT2Y5T2grQkhOS3Jacz0%3D#.YMa6Fuo7UdA.twitter" title="https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/why-the-poor-are-leaning-right-121061300827_1.html?code=enhINGpUQnBYSE5hbGdtSXNldGs1NVB4UDBHU1RYT2Y5T2grQkhOS3Jacz0%3D#.YMa6Fuo7UdA.twitter">click here</a> to read more.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>               </font>
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<p style="text-align:justify"><em>How support for left and right-leaning parties is changing in social composition</em></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Some decades back the typical voting pattern in many democracies used to be that the rich and upper middle classes used to vote in general for right-leaning parties, while the relatively poor voted for left-leaning parties. But in recent decades this pattern has been shifting: many of the professional or more educated voters in some of those countries are increasingly going for left or green parties, while many of the poor working-class voters are turning to right-wing parties, sometimes led by populist demagogues. Thomas Piketty and his associates in a new paper issued by the World Inequ&shy;ality Lab have provided data to show that for 21 western democracies the more educated voters have over the years become more left supporters than the less-educated voters. Piketty has described this elite division between high-education and high-income people colourfully as that between the Brahmin Left and the Merchant (the corresponding Indian caste term would have been &ldquo;bania&rdquo;) Right. He does not go much into explaining this pattern but it is clear that as education expands, people appreciate more liberal values, which may outweigh their worries about higher taxes that the left parties may inflict.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">But this still leaves unexplained why the less-educated poor are leaning right. Of course the shocks of job losses due to global integration and automation have hurt them, but why are they turning right instead of turning toward far-left parties which are often anti-globalisation and supporting more social protection for working classes? I&rsquo;d suggest that this is for two major reasons. The first has to do with economic policy, and the second predominantly cultural.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/why-the-poor-are-leaning-right-121061300827_1.html?code=enhINGpUQnBYSE5hbGdtSXNldGs1NVB4UDBHU1RYT2Y5T2grQkhOS3Jacz0%3D#.YMa6Fuo7UdA.twitter">click here</a> to read more.</p>

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<p style="text-align:justify"><em>How support for left and right-leaning parties is changing in social composition</em></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Some decades back the typical voting pattern in many democracies used to be that the rich and upper middle classes used to vote in general for right-leaning parties, while the relatively poor voted for left-leaning parties. But in recent decades this pattern has been shifting: many of the professional or more educated voters in some of those countries are increasingly going for left or green parties, while many of the poor working-class voters are turning to right-wing parties, sometimes led by populist demagogues. Thomas Piketty and his associates in a new paper issued by the World Inequ&shy;ality Lab have provided data to show that for 21 western democracies the more educated voters have over the years become more left supporters than the less-educated voters. Piketty has described this elite division between high-education and high-income people colourfully as that between the Brahmin Left and the Merchant (the corresponding Indian caste term would have been &ldquo;bania&rdquo;) Right. He does not go much into explaining this pattern but it is clear that as education expands, people appreciate more liberal values, which may outweigh their worries about higher taxes that the left parties may inflict.</p>

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<p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/why-the-poor-are-leaning-right-121061300827_1.html?code=enhINGpUQnBYSE5hbGdtSXNldGs1NVB4UDBHU1RYT2Y5T2grQkhOS3Jacz0%3D#.YMa6Fuo7UdA.twitter">click here</a> to read more.</p>

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How support for left and right-leaning parties is changing in social composition

Some decades back the typical voting pattern in many democracies used to be that the rich and upper middle classes used to vote in general for right-leaning parties,...'
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Why the poor are leaning right -Pranab Bardhan

-Business Standard How support for left and right-leaning parties is changing in social composition Some decades back the typical voting pattern in many democracies used to be that the rich and upper middle classes used to vote in general for right-leaning parties, while the relatively poor voted for left-leaning parties. But in recent decades this pattern has been shifting: many of the professional or more educated voters in some of those countries are increasingly going for left or green parties, while many of the poor working-class voters are turning to right-wing parties, sometimes led by populist demagogues. Thomas Piketty and his associates in a new paper issued by the World Inequ­ality Lab have provided data to show that for 21 western democracies the more educated voters have over the years become more left supporters than the less-educated voters. Piketty has described this elite division between high-education and high-income people colourfully as that between the Brahmin Left and the Merchant (the corresponding Indian caste term would have been “bania”) Right. He does not go much into explaining this pattern but it is clear that as education expands, people appreciate more liberal values, which may outweigh their worries about higher taxes that the left parties may inflict. But this still leaves unexplained why the less-educated poor are leaning right. Of course the shocks of job losses due to global integration and automation have hurt them, but why are they turning right instead of turning toward far-left parties which are often anti-globalisation and supporting more social protection for working classes? I’d suggest that this is for two major reasons. The first has to do with economic policy, and the second predominantly cultural. Please click here to read more.