Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]Code Context
trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);
}
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.' $stackFrame = (int) 1 $trace = [ (int) 0 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php', 'line' => (int) 2421, 'function' => 'deprecationWarning', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.' ] ], (int) 1 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 73, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'catslug' ] ], (int) 2 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php', 'line' => (int) 610, 'function' => 'printArticle', 'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController', 'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ], (int) 3 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php', 'line' => (int) 120, 'function' => 'invokeAction', 'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller', 'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ], (int) 4 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php', 'line' => (int) 94, 'function' => '_invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {} ] ], (int) 5 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php', 'line' => (int) 235, 'function' => 'dispatch', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 6 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication', 'object' => object(App\Application) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 7 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 162, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 8 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 9 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 88, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 10 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 11 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 96, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 12 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 13 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 51, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 14 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php', 'line' => (int) 98, 'function' => 'run', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 15 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php', 'line' => (int) 39, 'function' => 'run', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ] ] $frame = [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 73, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) { trustProxy => false [protected] params => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] cookies => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] _environment => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment-shiney-chakraborty-priyanka-chatterjee-and-mitali-nikore/print' [protected] base => '' [protected] webroot => '/' [protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment-shiney-chakraborty-priyanka-chatterjee-and-mitali-nikore/print' [protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] _input => null [protected] _detectors => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] _detectorCache => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {} [protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {} [protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {} [protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] emulatedAttributes => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] protocol => null [protected] requestTarget => null [private] deprecatedProperties => [ [maximum depth reached] ] }, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'catslug' ] ]deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311 Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421 App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73 Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51 Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98
Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]Code Context
trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);
}
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.' $stackFrame = (int) 1 $trace = [ (int) 0 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php', 'line' => (int) 2421, 'function' => 'deprecationWarning', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.' ] ], (int) 1 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 74, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'artileslug' ] ], (int) 2 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php', 'line' => (int) 610, 'function' => 'printArticle', 'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController', 'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ], (int) 3 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php', 'line' => (int) 120, 'function' => 'invokeAction', 'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller', 'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ], (int) 4 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php', 'line' => (int) 94, 'function' => '_invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {} ] ], (int) 5 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php', 'line' => (int) 235, 'function' => 'dispatch', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 6 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication', 'object' => object(App\Application) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 7 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 162, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 8 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 9 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 88, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 10 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 11 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 96, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 12 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 13 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 51, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 14 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php', 'line' => (int) 98, 'function' => 'run', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 15 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php', 'line' => (int) 39, 'function' => 'run', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ] ] $frame = [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 74, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) { trustProxy => false [protected] params => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] cookies => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] _environment => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment-shiney-chakraborty-priyanka-chatterjee-and-mitali-nikore/print' [protected] base => '' [protected] webroot => '/' [protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment-shiney-chakraborty-priyanka-chatterjee-and-mitali-nikore/print' [protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] _input => null [protected] _detectors => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] _detectorCache => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {} [protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {} [protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {} [protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] emulatedAttributes => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] protocol => null [protected] requestTarget => null [private] deprecatedProperties => [ [maximum depth reached] ] }, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'artileslug' ] ]deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311 Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421 App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74 Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51 Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98
Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]Code Contextif (Configure::read('debug')) {
trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);
} else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) { 'status' => (int) 200, 'contentType' => 'text/html', 'headers' => [ 'Content-Type' => [ [maximum depth reached] ] ], 'file' => null, 'fileRange' => [], 'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {}, 'cacheDirectives' => [], 'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700"><</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">> </span></span></code> <span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000"> <link rel="canonical" href="<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>/<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>.html"/> </span></code></span> <code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"> </span><span style="color: #007700"><</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type" </span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html; charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/> </span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp' $dataForView = [ 'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) { 'id' => (int) 63177, 'title' => 'Why the Rise in Workforce Participation During the Pandemic Points to Distress Employment -Shiney Chakraborty, Priyanka Chatterjee and Mitali Nikore', 'subheading' => null, 'description' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><em>Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women&#39;s employment.</em></p> <p style="text-align:justify">The annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), first launched in 2017, is one of the only official sources of employment data in the country. Marred by disruptions, the results of the last two surveys (2019-20 and 2020-21) have been eagerly awaited to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labour markets.&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify">The 2020-21 PLFS shows some interesting and unusual trends, namely the increased workforce participation rate (WPR) along with a decline in the unemployment rate for both men and women. On the face of it, this is quite contradictory given the economic disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic along with a sudden imposition of a stringent and long lockdown. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify">What does the survey indicate?</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Firstly, the increase in WPR over the last four years and during the pandemic was driven by rural women&rsquo;s employment. Overall WPR increased from 49.6% to 55.3% between 2017-18 and 2020-21, with higher increases in rural areas and for women. Women&rsquo;s WPR increased by 50% in rural areas while it increased by 17% in urban areas.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Even during the pandemic (2019-20 to 2020-21), the overall WPR rose from 53.9% to 55.3% which was entirely driven by the increase in women&rsquo;s employment in rural India. Agriculture remained the biggest employer, accounting for nearly three-fourths of rural women&rsquo;s employment.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment">click here</a> to read more. &nbsp;</p> ', 'credit_writer' => 'TheWire.in, 6 July, 2022, https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment', 'article_img' => '', 'article_img_thumb' => '', 'status' => (int) 1, 'show_on_home' => (int) 1, 'lang' => 'EN', 'category_id' => (int) 16, 'tag_keyword' => '', 'seo_url' => 'why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment-shiney-chakraborty-priyanka-chatterjee-and-mitali-nikore', 'meta_title' => '', 'meta_keywords' => '', 'meta_description' => '', 'noindex' => (int) 1, 'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'most_visit_section_id' => null, 'article_big_img' => null, 'liveid' => null, 'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'edate' => '', 'tags' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], 'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {}, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[hasErrors]' => false, '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'Articles' }, 'articleid' => (int) 63177, 'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Why the Rise in Workforce Participation During the Pandemic Points to Distress Employment -Shiney Chakraborty, Priyanka Chatterjee and Mitali Nikore', 'metaKeywords' => 'Workforce Participation Rate,WPR,Rural workers,Female workers,Women workers,Self-employment,regular salaried employment,casual wage employment,unpaid family helpers,own-account employment,domestic chores,Female LFPR', 'metaDesc' => '-TheWire.in Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women&#39;s employment. 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On the face of it, this is quite contradictory given the economic disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic along with a sudden imposition of a stringent and long lockdown. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">What does the survey indicate?</p><p style="text-align:justify">Firstly, the increase in WPR over the last four years and during the pandemic was driven by rural women&rsquo;s employment. Overall WPR increased from 49.6% to 55.3% between 2017-18 and 2020-21, with higher increases in rural areas and for women. Women&rsquo;s WPR increased by 50% in rural areas while it increased by 17% in urban areas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Even during the pandemic (2019-20 to 2020-21), the overall WPR rose from 53.9% to 55.3% which was entirely driven by the increase in women&rsquo;s employment in rural India. Agriculture remained the biggest employer, accounting for nearly three-fourths of rural women&rsquo;s employment.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment" title="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment">click here</a> to read more. &nbsp;</p>', 'lang' => 'English', 'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/', 'site_title' => 'im4change', 'adminprix' => 'admin' ] $article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) { 'id' => (int) 63177, 'title' => 'Why the Rise in Workforce Participation During the Pandemic Points to Distress Employment -Shiney Chakraborty, Priyanka Chatterjee and Mitali Nikore', 'subheading' => null, 'description' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><em>Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women&#39;s employment.</em></p> <p style="text-align:justify">The annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), first launched in 2017, is one of the only official sources of employment data in the country. Marred by disruptions, the results of the last two surveys (2019-20 and 2020-21) have been eagerly awaited to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labour markets.&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify">The 2020-21 PLFS shows some interesting and unusual trends, namely the increased workforce participation rate (WPR) along with a decline in the unemployment rate for both men and women. On the face of it, this is quite contradictory given the economic disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic along with a sudden imposition of a stringent and long lockdown. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify">What does the survey indicate?</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Firstly, the increase in WPR over the last four years and during the pandemic was driven by rural women&rsquo;s employment. Overall WPR increased from 49.6% to 55.3% between 2017-18 and 2020-21, with higher increases in rural areas and for women. Women&rsquo;s WPR increased by 50% in rural areas while it increased by 17% in urban areas.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Even during the pandemic (2019-20 to 2020-21), the overall WPR rose from 53.9% to 55.3% which was entirely driven by the increase in women&rsquo;s employment in rural India. Agriculture remained the biggest employer, accounting for nearly three-fourths of rural women&rsquo;s employment.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment">click here</a> to read more. &nbsp;</p> ', 'credit_writer' => 'TheWire.in, 6 July, 2022, https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment', 'article_img' => '', 'article_img_thumb' => '', 'status' => (int) 1, 'show_on_home' => (int) 1, 'lang' => 'EN', 'category_id' => (int) 16, 'tag_keyword' => '', 'seo_url' => 'why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment-shiney-chakraborty-priyanka-chatterjee-and-mitali-nikore', 'meta_title' => '', 'meta_keywords' => '', 'meta_description' => '', 'noindex' => (int) 1, 'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'most_visit_section_id' => null, 'article_big_img' => null, 'liveid' => null, 'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'edate' => '', 'tags' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 6 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 11 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {} ], 'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {}, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ '*' => true, 'id' => false ], '[dirty]' => [], '[original]' => [], '[virtual]' => [], '[hasErrors]' => false, '[errors]' => [], '[invalid]' => [], '[repository]' => 'Articles' } $articleid = (int) 63177 $metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Why the Rise in Workforce Participation During the Pandemic Points to Distress Employment -Shiney Chakraborty, Priyanka Chatterjee and Mitali Nikore' $metaKeywords = 'Workforce Participation Rate,WPR,Rural workers,Female workers,Women workers,Self-employment,regular salaried employment,casual wage employment,unpaid family helpers,own-account employment,domestic chores,Female LFPR' $metaDesc = '-TheWire.in Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women&#39;s employment. The annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), first launched in 2017, is one of the only official...' $disp = '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women&#39;s employment.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), first launched in 2017, is one of the only official sources of employment data in the country. Marred by disruptions, the results of the last two surveys (2019-20 and 2020-21) have been eagerly awaited to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labour markets.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">The 2020-21 PLFS shows some interesting and unusual trends, namely the increased workforce participation rate (WPR) along with a decline in the unemployment rate for both men and women. On the face of it, this is quite contradictory given the economic disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic along with a sudden imposition of a stringent and long lockdown. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">What does the survey indicate?</p><p style="text-align:justify">Firstly, the increase in WPR over the last four years and during the pandemic was driven by rural women&rsquo;s employment. Overall WPR increased from 49.6% to 55.3% between 2017-18 and 2020-21, with higher increases in rural areas and for women. Women&rsquo;s WPR increased by 50% in rural areas while it increased by 17% in urban areas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Even during the pandemic (2019-20 to 2020-21), the overall WPR rose from 53.9% to 55.3% which was entirely driven by the increase in women&rsquo;s employment in rural India. Agriculture remained the biggest employer, accounting for nearly three-fourths of rural women&rsquo;s employment.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment" title="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment">click here</a> to read more. &nbsp;</p>' $lang = 'English' $SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/' $site_title = 'im4change' $adminprix = 'admin'</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8 Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413 Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374 Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927 Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885 Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment-shiney-chakraborty-priyanka-chatterjee-and-mitali-nikore.html"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all"/> <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Why the Rise in Workforce Participation During the Pandemic Points to Distress Employment -Shiney Chakraborty, Priyanka Chatterjee and Mitali Nikore | Im4change.org</title> <meta name="description" content="-TheWire.in Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women's employment. The annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), first launched in 2017, is one of the only official..."/> <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem var pic_real_width, pic_real_height; $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues .attr("src", $(img).attr("src")) .load(function () { pic_real_width = this.width; // Note: $(this).width() will not pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images. }); }); </script> <style type="text/css"> @media screen { div.divFooter { display: block; } } @media print { .printbutton { display: none !important; } } </style> </head> <body> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center"> <tr> <td class="top_bg"> <div class="divFooter"> <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0" alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td id="topspace"> </td> </tr> <tr id="topspace"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton"> <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page " onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"> <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal"> <strong>Why the Rise in Workforce Participation During the Pandemic Points to Distress Employment -Shiney Chakraborty, Priyanka Chatterjee and Mitali Nikore</strong></h1> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3"> <p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women's employment.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), first launched in 2017, is one of the only official sources of employment data in the country. Marred by disruptions, the results of the last two surveys (2019-20 and 2020-21) have been eagerly awaited to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labour markets. </p><p style="text-align:justify">The 2020-21 PLFS shows some interesting and unusual trends, namely the increased workforce participation rate (WPR) along with a decline in the unemployment rate for both men and women. On the face of it, this is quite contradictory given the economic disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic along with a sudden imposition of a stringent and long lockdown. </p><p style="text-align:justify">What does the survey indicate?</p><p style="text-align:justify">Firstly, the increase in WPR over the last four years and during the pandemic was driven by rural women’s employment. Overall WPR increased from 49.6% to 55.3% between 2017-18 and 2020-21, with higher increases in rural areas and for women. Women’s WPR increased by 50% in rural areas while it increased by 17% in urban areas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Even during the pandemic (2019-20 to 2020-21), the overall WPR rose from 53.9% to 55.3% which was entirely driven by the increase in women’s employment in rural India. Agriculture remained the biggest employer, accounting for nearly three-fourths of rural women’s employment.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment" title="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment">click here</a> to read more. </p> </font> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;"> <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page " onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form> </td> </tr> </table></body> </html>' } $maxBufferLength = (int) 8192 $file = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php' $line = (int) 853 $message = 'Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853'Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48 Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141 [main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39
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'' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700"><</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">> </span></span></code> <span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000"> <link rel="canonical" href="<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>/<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>.html"/> </span></code></span> <code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"> </span><span style="color: #007700"><</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type" </span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html; charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/> </span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp' $dataForView = [ 'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) { 'id' => (int) 63177, 'title' => 'Why the Rise in Workforce Participation During the Pandemic Points to Distress Employment -Shiney Chakraborty, Priyanka Chatterjee and Mitali Nikore', 'subheading' => null, 'description' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><em>Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women&#39;s employment.</em></p> <p style="text-align:justify">The annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), first launched in 2017, is one of the only official sources of employment data in the country. Marred by disruptions, the results of the last two surveys (2019-20 and 2020-21) have been eagerly awaited to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labour markets.&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify">The 2020-21 PLFS shows some interesting and unusual trends, namely the increased workforce participation rate (WPR) along with a decline in the unemployment rate for both men and women. On the face of it, this is quite contradictory given the economic disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic along with a sudden imposition of a stringent and long lockdown. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify">What does the survey indicate?</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Firstly, the increase in WPR over the last four years and during the pandemic was driven by rural women&rsquo;s employment. Overall WPR increased from 49.6% to 55.3% between 2017-18 and 2020-21, with higher increases in rural areas and for women. Women&rsquo;s WPR increased by 50% in rural areas while it increased by 17% in urban areas.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Even during the pandemic (2019-20 to 2020-21), the overall WPR rose from 53.9% to 55.3% which was entirely driven by the increase in women&rsquo;s employment in rural India. Agriculture remained the biggest employer, accounting for nearly three-fourths of rural women&rsquo;s employment.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment">click here</a> to read more. &nbsp;</p> ', 'credit_writer' => 'TheWire.in, 6 July, 2022, https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment', 'article_img' => '', 'article_img_thumb' => '', 'status' => (int) 1, 'show_on_home' => (int) 1, 'lang' => 'EN', 'category_id' => (int) 16, 'tag_keyword' => '', 'seo_url' => 'why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment-shiney-chakraborty-priyanka-chatterjee-and-mitali-nikore', 'meta_title' => '', 'meta_keywords' => '', 'meta_description' => '', 'noindex' => (int) 1, 'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'most_visit_section_id' => null, 'article_big_img' => null, 'liveid' => null, 'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'edate' => '', 'tags' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], 'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {}, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[hasErrors]' => false, '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'Articles' }, 'articleid' => (int) 63177, 'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Why the Rise in Workforce Participation During the Pandemic Points to Distress Employment -Shiney Chakraborty, Priyanka Chatterjee and Mitali Nikore', 'metaKeywords' => 'Workforce Participation Rate,WPR,Rural workers,Female workers,Women workers,Self-employment,regular salaried employment,casual wage employment,unpaid family helpers,own-account employment,domestic chores,Female LFPR', 'metaDesc' => '-TheWire.in Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women&#39;s employment. 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On the face of it, this is quite contradictory given the economic disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic along with a sudden imposition of a stringent and long lockdown. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">What does the survey indicate?</p><p style="text-align:justify">Firstly, the increase in WPR over the last four years and during the pandemic was driven by rural women&rsquo;s employment. Overall WPR increased from 49.6% to 55.3% between 2017-18 and 2020-21, with higher increases in rural areas and for women. Women&rsquo;s WPR increased by 50% in rural areas while it increased by 17% in urban areas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Even during the pandemic (2019-20 to 2020-21), the overall WPR rose from 53.9% to 55.3% which was entirely driven by the increase in women&rsquo;s employment in rural India. Agriculture remained the biggest employer, accounting for nearly three-fourths of rural women&rsquo;s employment.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment" title="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment">click here</a> to read more. &nbsp;</p>', 'lang' => 'English', 'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/', 'site_title' => 'im4change', 'adminprix' => 'admin' ] $article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) { 'id' => (int) 63177, 'title' => 'Why the Rise in Workforce Participation During the Pandemic Points to Distress Employment -Shiney Chakraborty, Priyanka Chatterjee and Mitali Nikore', 'subheading' => null, 'description' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><em>Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women&#39;s employment.</em></p> <p style="text-align:justify">The annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), first launched in 2017, is one of the only official sources of employment data in the country. Marred by disruptions, the results of the last two surveys (2019-20 and 2020-21) have been eagerly awaited to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labour markets.&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify">The 2020-21 PLFS shows some interesting and unusual trends, namely the increased workforce participation rate (WPR) along with a decline in the unemployment rate for both men and women. On the face of it, this is quite contradictory given the economic disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic along with a sudden imposition of a stringent and long lockdown. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify">What does the survey indicate?</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Firstly, the increase in WPR over the last four years and during the pandemic was driven by rural women&rsquo;s employment. Overall WPR increased from 49.6% to 55.3% between 2017-18 and 2020-21, with higher increases in rural areas and for women. Women&rsquo;s WPR increased by 50% in rural areas while it increased by 17% in urban areas.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Even during the pandemic (2019-20 to 2020-21), the overall WPR rose from 53.9% to 55.3% which was entirely driven by the increase in women&rsquo;s employment in rural India. Agriculture remained the biggest employer, accounting for nearly three-fourths of rural women&rsquo;s employment.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment">click here</a> to read more. &nbsp;</p> ', 'credit_writer' => 'TheWire.in, 6 July, 2022, https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment', 'article_img' => '', 'article_img_thumb' => '', 'status' => (int) 1, 'show_on_home' => (int) 1, 'lang' => 'EN', 'category_id' => (int) 16, 'tag_keyword' => '', 'seo_url' => 'why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment-shiney-chakraborty-priyanka-chatterjee-and-mitali-nikore', 'meta_title' => '', 'meta_keywords' => '', 'meta_description' => '', 'noindex' => (int) 1, 'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'most_visit_section_id' => null, 'article_big_img' => null, 'liveid' => null, 'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'edate' => '', 'tags' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 6 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 11 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {} ], 'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {}, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ '*' => true, 'id' => false ], '[dirty]' => [], '[original]' => [], '[virtual]' => [], '[hasErrors]' => false, '[errors]' => [], '[invalid]' => [], '[repository]' => 'Articles' } $articleid = (int) 63177 $metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Why the Rise in Workforce Participation During the Pandemic Points to Distress Employment -Shiney Chakraborty, Priyanka Chatterjee and Mitali Nikore' $metaKeywords = 'Workforce Participation Rate,WPR,Rural workers,Female workers,Women workers,Self-employment,regular salaried employment,casual wage employment,unpaid family helpers,own-account employment,domestic chores,Female LFPR' $metaDesc = '-TheWire.in Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women&#39;s employment. The annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), first launched in 2017, is one of the only official...' $disp = '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women&#39;s employment.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), first launched in 2017, is one of the only official sources of employment data in the country. Marred by disruptions, the results of the last two surveys (2019-20 and 2020-21) have been eagerly awaited to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labour markets.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">The 2020-21 PLFS shows some interesting and unusual trends, namely the increased workforce participation rate (WPR) along with a decline in the unemployment rate for both men and women. On the face of it, this is quite contradictory given the economic disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic along with a sudden imposition of a stringent and long lockdown. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">What does the survey indicate?</p><p style="text-align:justify">Firstly, the increase in WPR over the last four years and during the pandemic was driven by rural women&rsquo;s employment. Overall WPR increased from 49.6% to 55.3% between 2017-18 and 2020-21, with higher increases in rural areas and for women. Women&rsquo;s WPR increased by 50% in rural areas while it increased by 17% in urban areas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Even during the pandemic (2019-20 to 2020-21), the overall WPR rose from 53.9% to 55.3% which was entirely driven by the increase in women&rsquo;s employment in rural India. Agriculture remained the biggest employer, accounting for nearly three-fourths of rural women&rsquo;s employment.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment" title="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment">click here</a> to read more. &nbsp;</p>' $lang = 'English' $SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/' $site_title = 'im4change' $adminprix = 'admin'</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8 Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413 Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374 Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927 Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885 Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment-shiney-chakraborty-priyanka-chatterjee-and-mitali-nikore.html"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all"/> <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Why the Rise in Workforce Participation During the Pandemic Points to Distress Employment -Shiney Chakraborty, Priyanka Chatterjee and Mitali Nikore | Im4change.org</title> <meta name="description" content="-TheWire.in Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women's employment. The annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), first launched in 2017, is one of the only official..."/> <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem var pic_real_width, pic_real_height; $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues .attr("src", $(img).attr("src")) .load(function () { pic_real_width = this.width; // Note: $(this).width() will not pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images. }); }); </script> <style type="text/css"> @media screen { div.divFooter { display: block; } } @media print { .printbutton { display: none !important; } } </style> </head> <body> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center"> <tr> <td class="top_bg"> <div class="divFooter"> <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0" alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td id="topspace"> </td> </tr> <tr id="topspace"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton"> <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page " onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"> <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal"> <strong>Why the Rise in Workforce Participation During the Pandemic Points to Distress Employment -Shiney Chakraborty, Priyanka Chatterjee and Mitali Nikore</strong></h1> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3"> <p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women's employment.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), first launched in 2017, is one of the only official sources of employment data in the country. Marred by disruptions, the results of the last two surveys (2019-20 and 2020-21) have been eagerly awaited to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labour markets. </p><p style="text-align:justify">The 2020-21 PLFS shows some interesting and unusual trends, namely the increased workforce participation rate (WPR) along with a decline in the unemployment rate for both men and women. On the face of it, this is quite contradictory given the economic disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic along with a sudden imposition of a stringent and long lockdown. </p><p style="text-align:justify">What does the survey indicate?</p><p style="text-align:justify">Firstly, the increase in WPR over the last four years and during the pandemic was driven by rural women’s employment. Overall WPR increased from 49.6% to 55.3% between 2017-18 and 2020-21, with higher increases in rural areas and for women. Women’s WPR increased by 50% in rural areas while it increased by 17% in urban areas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Even during the pandemic (2019-20 to 2020-21), the overall WPR rose from 53.9% to 55.3% which was entirely driven by the increase in women’s employment in rural India. Agriculture remained the biggest employer, accounting for nearly three-fourths of rural women’s employment.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment" title="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment">click here</a> to read more. </p> </font> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;"> <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page " onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form> </td> </tr> </table></body> </html>' } $reasonPhrase = 'OK'header - [internal], line ?? Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitStatusLine() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148 Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 54 Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141 [main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39
Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181]Notice (8): Undefined variable: urlPrefix [APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8]Code Context$value
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'' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700"><</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">> </span></span></code> <span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000"> <link rel="canonical" href="<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>/<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>.html"/> </span></code></span> <code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"> </span><span style="color: #007700"><</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type" </span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html; charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/> </span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67edb4a56ec02-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp' $dataForView = [ 'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) { 'id' => (int) 63177, 'title' => 'Why the Rise in Workforce Participation During the Pandemic Points to Distress Employment -Shiney Chakraborty, Priyanka Chatterjee and Mitali Nikore', 'subheading' => null, 'description' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><em>Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women&#39;s employment.</em></p> <p style="text-align:justify">The annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), first launched in 2017, is one of the only official sources of employment data in the country. Marred by disruptions, the results of the last two surveys (2019-20 and 2020-21) have been eagerly awaited to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labour markets.&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify">The 2020-21 PLFS shows some interesting and unusual trends, namely the increased workforce participation rate (WPR) along with a decline in the unemployment rate for both men and women. On the face of it, this is quite contradictory given the economic disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic along with a sudden imposition of a stringent and long lockdown. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify">What does the survey indicate?</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Firstly, the increase in WPR over the last four years and during the pandemic was driven by rural women&rsquo;s employment. Overall WPR increased from 49.6% to 55.3% between 2017-18 and 2020-21, with higher increases in rural areas and for women. 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Agriculture remained the biggest employer, accounting for nearly three-fourths of rural women&rsquo;s employment.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment">click here</a> to read more. &nbsp;</p> ', 'credit_writer' => 'TheWire.in, 6 July, 2022, https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment', 'article_img' => '', 'article_img_thumb' => '', 'status' => (int) 1, 'show_on_home' => (int) 1, 'lang' => 'EN', 'category_id' => (int) 16, 'tag_keyword' => '', 'seo_url' => 'why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment-shiney-chakraborty-priyanka-chatterjee-and-mitali-nikore', 'meta_title' => '', 'meta_keywords' => '', 'meta_description' => '', 'noindex' => (int) 1, 'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'most_visit_section_id' => null, 'article_big_img' => null, 'liveid' => null, 'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'edate' => '', 'tags' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], 'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {}, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[hasErrors]' => false, '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'Articles' }, 'articleid' => (int) 63177, 'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Why the Rise in Workforce Participation During the Pandemic Points to Distress Employment -Shiney Chakraborty, Priyanka Chatterjee and Mitali Nikore', 'metaKeywords' => 'Workforce Participation Rate,WPR,Rural workers,Female workers,Women workers,Self-employment,regular salaried employment,casual wage employment,unpaid family helpers,own-account employment,domestic chores,Female LFPR', 'metaDesc' => '-TheWire.in Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women&#39;s employment. 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On the face of it, this is quite contradictory given the economic disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic along with a sudden imposition of a stringent and long lockdown. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">What does the survey indicate?</p><p style="text-align:justify">Firstly, the increase in WPR over the last four years and during the pandemic was driven by rural women&rsquo;s employment. Overall WPR increased from 49.6% to 55.3% between 2017-18 and 2020-21, with higher increases in rural areas and for women. Women&rsquo;s WPR increased by 50% in rural areas while it increased by 17% in urban areas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Even during the pandemic (2019-20 to 2020-21), the overall WPR rose from 53.9% to 55.3% which was entirely driven by the increase in women&rsquo;s employment in rural India. Agriculture remained the biggest employer, accounting for nearly three-fourths of rural women&rsquo;s employment.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment" title="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment">click here</a> to read more. &nbsp;</p>', 'lang' => 'English', 'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/', 'site_title' => 'im4change', 'adminprix' => 'admin' ] $article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) { 'id' => (int) 63177, 'title' => 'Why the Rise in Workforce Participation During the Pandemic Points to Distress Employment -Shiney Chakraborty, Priyanka Chatterjee and Mitali Nikore', 'subheading' => null, 'description' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><em>Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women&#39;s employment.</em></p> <p style="text-align:justify">The annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), first launched in 2017, is one of the only official sources of employment data in the country. Marred by disruptions, the results of the last two surveys (2019-20 and 2020-21) have been eagerly awaited to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labour markets.&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify">The 2020-21 PLFS shows some interesting and unusual trends, namely the increased workforce participation rate (WPR) along with a decline in the unemployment rate for both men and women. On the face of it, this is quite contradictory given the economic disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic along with a sudden imposition of a stringent and long lockdown. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify">What does the survey indicate?</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Firstly, the increase in WPR over the last four years and during the pandemic was driven by rural women&rsquo;s employment. Overall WPR increased from 49.6% to 55.3% between 2017-18 and 2020-21, with higher increases in rural areas and for women. Women&rsquo;s WPR increased by 50% in rural areas while it increased by 17% in urban areas.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Even during the pandemic (2019-20 to 2020-21), the overall WPR rose from 53.9% to 55.3% which was entirely driven by the increase in women&rsquo;s employment in rural India. Agriculture remained the biggest employer, accounting for nearly three-fourths of rural women&rsquo;s employment.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment">click here</a> to read more. &nbsp;</p> ', 'credit_writer' => 'TheWire.in, 6 July, 2022, https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment', 'article_img' => '', 'article_img_thumb' => '', 'status' => (int) 1, 'show_on_home' => (int) 1, 'lang' => 'EN', 'category_id' => (int) 16, 'tag_keyword' => '', 'seo_url' => 'why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment-shiney-chakraborty-priyanka-chatterjee-and-mitali-nikore', 'meta_title' => '', 'meta_keywords' => '', 'meta_description' => '', 'noindex' => (int) 1, 'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'most_visit_section_id' => null, 'article_big_img' => null, 'liveid' => null, 'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'edate' => '', 'tags' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 6 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 11 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {} ], 'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {}, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ '*' => true, 'id' => false ], '[dirty]' => [], '[original]' => [], '[virtual]' => [], '[hasErrors]' => false, '[errors]' => [], '[invalid]' => [], '[repository]' => 'Articles' } $articleid = (int) 63177 $metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Why the Rise in Workforce Participation During the Pandemic Points to Distress Employment -Shiney Chakraborty, Priyanka Chatterjee and Mitali Nikore' $metaKeywords = 'Workforce Participation Rate,WPR,Rural workers,Female workers,Women workers,Self-employment,regular salaried employment,casual wage employment,unpaid family helpers,own-account employment,domestic chores,Female LFPR' $metaDesc = '-TheWire.in Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women&#39;s employment. The annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), first launched in 2017, is one of the only official...' $disp = '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women&#39;s employment.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), first launched in 2017, is one of the only official sources of employment data in the country. Marred by disruptions, the results of the last two surveys (2019-20 and 2020-21) have been eagerly awaited to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labour markets.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">The 2020-21 PLFS shows some interesting and unusual trends, namely the increased workforce participation rate (WPR) along with a decline in the unemployment rate for both men and women. On the face of it, this is quite contradictory given the economic disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic along with a sudden imposition of a stringent and long lockdown. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">What does the survey indicate?</p><p style="text-align:justify">Firstly, the increase in WPR over the last four years and during the pandemic was driven by rural women&rsquo;s employment. Overall WPR increased from 49.6% to 55.3% between 2017-18 and 2020-21, with higher increases in rural areas and for women. Women&rsquo;s WPR increased by 50% in rural areas while it increased by 17% in urban areas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Even during the pandemic (2019-20 to 2020-21), the overall WPR rose from 53.9% to 55.3% which was entirely driven by the increase in women&rsquo;s employment in rural India. Agriculture remained the biggest employer, accounting for nearly three-fourths of rural women&rsquo;s employment.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment" title="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment">click here</a> to read more. &nbsp;</p>' $lang = 'English' $SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/' $site_title = 'im4change' $adminprix = 'admin'</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8 Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413 Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374 Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927 Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885 Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment-shiney-chakraborty-priyanka-chatterjee-and-mitali-nikore.html"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all"/> <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Why the Rise in Workforce Participation During the Pandemic Points to Distress Employment -Shiney Chakraborty, Priyanka Chatterjee and Mitali Nikore | Im4change.org</title> <meta name="description" content="-TheWire.in Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women's employment. The annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), first launched in 2017, is one of the only official..."/> <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem var pic_real_width, pic_real_height; $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues .attr("src", $(img).attr("src")) .load(function () { pic_real_width = this.width; // Note: $(this).width() will not pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images. }); }); </script> <style type="text/css"> @media screen { div.divFooter { display: block; } } @media print { .printbutton { display: none !important; } } </style> </head> <body> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center"> <tr> <td class="top_bg"> <div class="divFooter"> <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0" alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td id="topspace"> </td> </tr> <tr id="topspace"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton"> <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page " onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"> <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal"> <strong>Why the Rise in Workforce Participation During the Pandemic Points to Distress Employment -Shiney Chakraborty, Priyanka Chatterjee and Mitali Nikore</strong></h1> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3"> <p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women's employment.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), first launched in 2017, is one of the only official sources of employment data in the country. Marred by disruptions, the results of the last two surveys (2019-20 and 2020-21) have been eagerly awaited to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labour markets. </p><p style="text-align:justify">The 2020-21 PLFS shows some interesting and unusual trends, namely the increased workforce participation rate (WPR) along with a decline in the unemployment rate for both men and women. On the face of it, this is quite contradictory given the economic disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic along with a sudden imposition of a stringent and long lockdown. </p><p style="text-align:justify">What does the survey indicate?</p><p style="text-align:justify">Firstly, the increase in WPR over the last four years and during the pandemic was driven by rural women’s employment. Overall WPR increased from 49.6% to 55.3% between 2017-18 and 2020-21, with higher increases in rural areas and for women. Women’s WPR increased by 50% in rural areas while it increased by 17% in urban areas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Even during the pandemic (2019-20 to 2020-21), the overall WPR rose from 53.9% to 55.3% which was entirely driven by the increase in women’s employment in rural India. Agriculture remained the biggest employer, accounting for nearly three-fourths of rural women’s employment.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment" title="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment">click here</a> to read more. </p> </font> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;"> <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page " onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form> </td> </tr> </table></body> </html>' } $cookies = [] $values = [ (int) 0 => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8' ] $name = 'Content-Type' $first = true $value = 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'header - [internal], line ?? 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Marred by disruptions, the results of the last two surveys (2019-20 and 2020-21) have been eagerly awaited to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labour markets. </p> <p style="text-align:justify">The 2020-21 PLFS shows some interesting and unusual trends, namely the increased workforce participation rate (WPR) along with a decline in the unemployment rate for both men and women. On the face of it, this is quite contradictory given the economic disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic along with a sudden imposition of a stringent and long lockdown. </p> <p style="text-align:justify">What does the survey indicate?</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Firstly, the increase in WPR over the last four years and during the pandemic was driven by rural women’s employment. Overall WPR increased from 49.6% to 55.3% between 2017-18 and 2020-21, with higher increases in rural areas and for women. Women’s WPR increased by 50% in rural areas while it increased by 17% in urban areas.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Even during the pandemic (2019-20 to 2020-21), the overall WPR rose from 53.9% to 55.3% which was entirely driven by the increase in women’s employment in rural India. Agriculture remained the biggest employer, accounting for nearly three-fourths of rural women’s employment.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment">click here</a> to read more. </p> ', 'credit_writer' => 'TheWire.in, 6 July, 2022, https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment', 'article_img' => '', 'article_img_thumb' => '', 'status' => (int) 1, 'show_on_home' => (int) 1, 'lang' => 'EN', 'category_id' => (int) 16, 'tag_keyword' => '', 'seo_url' => 'why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment-shiney-chakraborty-priyanka-chatterjee-and-mitali-nikore', 'meta_title' => '', 'meta_keywords' => '', 'meta_description' => '', 'noindex' => (int) 1, 'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'most_visit_section_id' => null, 'article_big_img' => null, 'liveid' => null, 'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'edate' => '', 'tags' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], 'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {}, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[hasErrors]' => false, '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'Articles' }, 'articleid' => (int) 63177, 'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Why the Rise in Workforce Participation During the Pandemic Points to Distress Employment -Shiney Chakraborty, Priyanka Chatterjee and Mitali Nikore', 'metaKeywords' => 'Workforce Participation Rate,WPR,Rural workers,Female workers,Women workers,Self-employment,regular salaried employment,casual wage employment,unpaid family helpers,own-account employment,domestic chores,Female LFPR', 'metaDesc' => '-TheWire.in Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women's employment. 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On the face of it, this is quite contradictory given the economic disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic along with a sudden imposition of a stringent and long lockdown. </p><p style="text-align:justify">What does the survey indicate?</p><p style="text-align:justify">Firstly, the increase in WPR over the last four years and during the pandemic was driven by rural women’s employment. Overall WPR increased from 49.6% to 55.3% between 2017-18 and 2020-21, with higher increases in rural areas and for women. Women’s WPR increased by 50% in rural areas while it increased by 17% in urban areas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Even during the pandemic (2019-20 to 2020-21), the overall WPR rose from 53.9% to 55.3% which was entirely driven by the increase in women’s employment in rural India. Agriculture remained the biggest employer, accounting for nearly three-fourths of rural women’s employment.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment" title="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment">click here</a> to read more. </p>', 'lang' => 'English', 'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/', 'site_title' => 'im4change', 'adminprix' => 'admin' ] $article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) { 'id' => (int) 63177, 'title' => 'Why the Rise in Workforce Participation During the Pandemic Points to Distress Employment -Shiney Chakraborty, Priyanka Chatterjee and Mitali Nikore', 'subheading' => null, 'description' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><em>Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women's employment.</em></p> <p style="text-align:justify">The annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), first launched in 2017, is one of the only official sources of employment data in the country. Marred by disruptions, the results of the last two surveys (2019-20 and 2020-21) have been eagerly awaited to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labour markets. </p> <p style="text-align:justify">The 2020-21 PLFS shows some interesting and unusual trends, namely the increased workforce participation rate (WPR) along with a decline in the unemployment rate for both men and women. On the face of it, this is quite contradictory given the economic disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic along with a sudden imposition of a stringent and long lockdown. </p> <p style="text-align:justify">What does the survey indicate?</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Firstly, the increase in WPR over the last four years and during the pandemic was driven by rural women’s employment. Overall WPR increased from 49.6% to 55.3% between 2017-18 and 2020-21, with higher increases in rural areas and for women. Women’s WPR increased by 50% in rural areas while it increased by 17% in urban areas.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Even during the pandemic (2019-20 to 2020-21), the overall WPR rose from 53.9% to 55.3% which was entirely driven by the increase in women’s employment in rural India. Agriculture remained the biggest employer, accounting for nearly three-fourths of rural women’s employment.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment">click here</a> to read more. </p> ', 'credit_writer' => 'TheWire.in, 6 July, 2022, https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment', 'article_img' => '', 'article_img_thumb' => '', 'status' => (int) 1, 'show_on_home' => (int) 1, 'lang' => 'EN', 'category_id' => (int) 16, 'tag_keyword' => '', 'seo_url' => 'why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment-shiney-chakraborty-priyanka-chatterjee-and-mitali-nikore', 'meta_title' => '', 'meta_keywords' => '', 'meta_description' => '', 'noindex' => (int) 1, 'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'most_visit_section_id' => null, 'article_big_img' => null, 'liveid' => null, 'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'edate' => '', 'tags' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 6 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 11 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {} ], 'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {}, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ '*' => true, 'id' => false ], '[dirty]' => [], '[original]' => [], '[virtual]' => [], '[hasErrors]' => false, '[errors]' => [], '[invalid]' => [], '[repository]' => 'Articles' } $articleid = (int) 63177 $metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Why the Rise in Workforce Participation During the Pandemic Points to Distress Employment -Shiney Chakraborty, Priyanka Chatterjee and Mitali Nikore' $metaKeywords = 'Workforce Participation Rate,WPR,Rural workers,Female workers,Women workers,Self-employment,regular salaried employment,casual wage employment,unpaid family helpers,own-account employment,domestic chores,Female LFPR' $metaDesc = '-TheWire.in Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women's employment. The annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), first launched in 2017, is one of the only official...' $disp = '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women's employment.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), first launched in 2017, is one of the only official sources of employment data in the country. Marred by disruptions, the results of the last two surveys (2019-20 and 2020-21) have been eagerly awaited to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labour markets. </p><p style="text-align:justify">The 2020-21 PLFS shows some interesting and unusual trends, namely the increased workforce participation rate (WPR) along with a decline in the unemployment rate for both men and women. On the face of it, this is quite contradictory given the economic disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic along with a sudden imposition of a stringent and long lockdown. </p><p style="text-align:justify">What does the survey indicate?</p><p style="text-align:justify">Firstly, the increase in WPR over the last four years and during the pandemic was driven by rural women’s employment. Overall WPR increased from 49.6% to 55.3% between 2017-18 and 2020-21, with higher increases in rural areas and for women. Women’s WPR increased by 50% in rural areas while it increased by 17% in urban areas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Even during the pandemic (2019-20 to 2020-21), the overall WPR rose from 53.9% to 55.3% which was entirely driven by the increase in women’s employment in rural India. Agriculture remained the biggest employer, accounting for nearly three-fourths of rural women’s employment.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment" title="https://thewire.in/labour/why-the-rise-in-workforce-participation-during-the-pandemic-points-to-distress-employment">click here</a> to read more. </p>' $lang = 'English' $SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/' $site_title = 'im4change' $adminprix = 'admin'
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Why the Rise in Workforce Participation During the Pandemic Points to Distress Employment -Shiney Chakraborty, Priyanka Chatterjee and Mitali Nikore |
-TheWire.in Although COVID-19 had disrupted economic activity, the workforce participation rate in the last four years has gone up, significantly driven by rural women's employment. The annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), first launched in 2017, is one of the only official sources of employment data in the country. Marred by disruptions, the results of the last two surveys (2019-20 and 2020-21) have been eagerly awaited to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labour markets. The 2020-21 PLFS shows some interesting and unusual trends, namely the increased workforce participation rate (WPR) along with a decline in the unemployment rate for both men and women. On the face of it, this is quite contradictory given the economic disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic along with a sudden imposition of a stringent and long lockdown. What does the survey indicate? Firstly, the increase in WPR over the last four years and during the pandemic was driven by rural women’s employment. Overall WPR increased from 49.6% to 55.3% between 2017-18 and 2020-21, with higher increases in rural areas and for women. Women’s WPR increased by 50% in rural areas while it increased by 17% in urban areas. Even during the pandemic (2019-20 to 2020-21), the overall WPR rose from 53.9% to 55.3% which was entirely driven by the increase in women’s employment in rural India. Agriculture remained the biggest employer, accounting for nearly three-fourths of rural women’s employment. Please click here to read more. |