Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
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Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f22e52c990b-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f22e52c990b-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f22e52c990b-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f22e52c990b-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f22e52c990b-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f22e52c990b-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f22e52c990b-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f22e52c990b-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
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		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Will &amp;#039;climate smart agriculture&amp;#039; serve the public interest - or the drive for growing profits for private corporations? -Peter Newell, Jennifer Clapp &amp;amp; Zoe W Brent&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
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-TheEcologist.org&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;Climate smart agriculture&#039; has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real, grassroots led, change, ask PETER NEWELL, JENNIFER CLAPP and ZOE BRENT &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The race is on to deliver models of agricultural development that are viable and sustainable in a world of accelerated climate change.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The urgency derives from the fact that the food and agriculture sector is both a major contributor to climate change and especially vulnerable to its worst impacts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most studies estimate that between 20-35 percent of anthropogenic greenhouse gases are associated with the food and agriculture sector, while some have it as high as 50 percent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Industrial model&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
And as drought and extreme weather events associated with climate change increase, the livelihoods of a huge proportion of the world&amp;rsquo;s population &amp;ndash; over 2.5 billion people &amp;ndash; who make their living from the sector are on the line. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Against this background the idea of &amp;lsquo;climate smart agriculture&amp;rsquo; increasingly features in high level policy discussions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Climate smart agriculture (CSA) describes interventions that generate &amp;lsquo;triple wins&amp;rsquo;: that make agriculture more resilient to the effects of climate change, in ways that reduce poverty and increase yields, while at the same time reducing the substantial emissions created by the agricultural sector.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These goals are widely accepted, but there are vastly different models on offer for how to achieve them, each vying to come out on top. The stakes are enormous, as the model that dominates will shape the future of agriculture for years to come. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One view, already dominant in policy circles, seeks to apply &amp;lsquo;fixes&amp;rsquo; to the existing industrial model of agriculture to make it more sustainable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Questionable sustainability&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This model employs a suite of modern technologies and practices including genetic engineering, biofuels, biochar, and increased use of fertilisers that will deliver a &amp;lsquo;sustainable intensification&amp;rsquo; of production.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This approach is underpinned by Malthusian assumptions about growing populations and dwindling fertile land, asserting that &amp;lsquo;we&amp;rsquo; need to extract more with less to sustainably &amp;lsquo;feed the world&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The main champions of this dominant approach are the World Bank, UN bodies such as Food and Agriculture Organisation and the International Fund for Agriculture and Development (IFAD) and large agribusiness corporations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They find it attractive because it requires only slight changes to business as usual, while providing new opportunities for profit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
CSA projects provide a convenient cover for attempts to introduce controversial technologies into new markets or gain access to growing markets for their products, with questionable sustainabilty impacts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Food companies&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lsquo;Climate smart&amp;rsquo; projects such as Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA), for example, establish smallholder dependence on Monsanto&amp;rsquo;s specially developed proprietary hybrid seeds. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Not surprisingly, this version of CSA is rapidly being adopted and promoted by transnational business interests, and endorsed by international agencies and initiatives.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Headline CSA programmes such as the GACSA (Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture) and EPIC (Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture) focus explicitly on engaging commercial actors, and CSA is increasingly being mainstreamed into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Global firms such as McDonald&amp;rsquo;s and Kellogg&amp;rsquo;s, for example, have made commitments to &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; approaches as part of the GACSA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wal-Mart, meanwhile, has announced its own &amp;lsquo;Climate&amp;nbsp; Smart Agriculture Platform&amp;rsquo; in partnership with its suppliers and well-known food companies like General Mills and PepsiCo, promising to drive the &amp;lsquo;adoption of best practices in agriculture&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Different perspective&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Fertiliser companies such as Yara, Mosaic and Haifa Chemicals Ltd are also among the members of GASCA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These companies are joined by a number of fertiliser lobby groups such as Fertilisers Europe and the Fertiliser Institute, as well as NGOs partnered with fertiliser companies such as Agriculture for Impact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Their involvement reflects the fact that nitrogen fertilisers require an enormous amount of energy to produce; fertiliser production accounts for 1-2 percent of total global energy consumption and produces about the same share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Embracing CSA through such initiatives allows these firms to claim to be part of the solution, rather than a major source of the problem.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A fundamentally different perspective on what makes agriculture &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; comes from a mix of social movements, farmers&amp;rsquo; organisations such as Via Campesina, small-scale fishers, NGO alliances and academic researchers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Organic food&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
These groups are heavily critical of the mainstream CSA discourse, which they see as only further entrenching unsustainable and unjust practices.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, the civil society group &amp;lsquo;Climate Smart Agriculture Concerns&amp;rsquo; first came together in late 2014 to reject the premise of CSA as a form of corporate greenwashing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Among its members are La V&amp;iacute;a Campesina, Greenpeace, ActionAid International in addition to a number of farmer organisations and human rights organisations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;TheEcologist.org, 19 January, 2018, https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private&#039;,
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&#039;Climate smart agriculture&#039; has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real,...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-TheEcologist.org&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#039;Climate smart agriculture&#039; has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real, grassroots led, change, ask PETER NEWELL, JENNIFER CLAPP and ZOE BRENT &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The race is on to deliver models of agricultural development that are viable and sustainable in a world of accelerated climate change.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The urgency derives from the fact that the food and agriculture sector is both a major contributor to climate change and especially vulnerable to its worst impacts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most studies estimate that between 20-35 percent of anthropogenic greenhouse gases are associated with the food and agriculture sector, while some have it as high as 50 percent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Industrial model&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And as drought and extreme weather events associated with climate change increase, the livelihoods of a huge proportion of the world&amp;rsquo;s population &amp;ndash; over 2.5 billion people &amp;ndash; who make their living from the sector are on the line. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Against this background the idea of &amp;lsquo;climate smart agriculture&amp;rsquo; increasingly features in high level policy discussions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Climate smart agriculture (CSA) describes interventions that generate &amp;lsquo;triple wins&amp;rsquo;: that make agriculture more resilient to the effects of climate change, in ways that reduce poverty and increase yields, while at the same time reducing the substantial emissions created by the agricultural sector.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These goals are widely accepted, but there are vastly different models on offer for how to achieve them, each vying to come out on top. The stakes are enormous, as the model that dominates will shape the future of agriculture for years to come. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One view, already dominant in policy circles, seeks to apply &amp;lsquo;fixes&amp;rsquo; to the existing industrial model of agriculture to make it more sustainable.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Questionable sustainability&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This model employs a suite of modern technologies and practices including genetic engineering, biofuels, biochar, and increased use of fertilisers that will deliver a &amp;lsquo;sustainable intensification&amp;rsquo; of production.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This approach is underpinned by Malthusian assumptions about growing populations and dwindling fertile land, asserting that &amp;lsquo;we&amp;rsquo; need to extract more with less to sustainably &amp;lsquo;feed the world&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The main champions of this dominant approach are the World Bank, UN bodies such as Food and Agriculture Organisation and the International Fund for Agriculture and Development (IFAD) and large agribusiness corporations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They find it attractive because it requires only slight changes to business as usual, while providing new opportunities for profit.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CSA projects provide a convenient cover for attempts to introduce controversial technologies into new markets or gain access to growing markets for their products, with questionable sustainabilty impacts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Food companies&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lsquo;Climate smart&amp;rsquo; projects such as Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA), for example, establish smallholder dependence on Monsanto&amp;rsquo;s specially developed proprietary hybrid seeds. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Not surprisingly, this version of CSA is rapidly being adopted and promoted by transnational business interests, and endorsed by international agencies and initiatives.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Headline CSA programmes such as the GACSA (Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture) and EPIC (Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture) focus explicitly on engaging commercial actors, and CSA is increasingly being mainstreamed into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Global firms such as McDonald&amp;rsquo;s and Kellogg&amp;rsquo;s, for example, have made commitments to &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; approaches as part of the GACSA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wal-Mart, meanwhile, has announced its own &amp;lsquo;Climate&amp;nbsp; Smart Agriculture Platform&amp;rsquo; in partnership with its suppliers and well-known food companies like General Mills and PepsiCo, promising to drive the &amp;lsquo;adoption of best practices in agriculture&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Different perspective&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fertiliser companies such as Yara, Mosaic and Haifa Chemicals Ltd are also among the members of GASCA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These companies are joined by a number of fertiliser lobby groups such as Fertilisers Europe and the Fertiliser Institute, as well as NGOs partnered with fertiliser companies such as Agriculture for Impact.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Their involvement reflects the fact that nitrogen fertilisers require an enormous amount of energy to produce; fertiliser production accounts for 1-2 percent of total global energy consumption and produces about the same share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Embracing CSA through such initiatives allows these firms to claim to be part of the solution, rather than a major source of the problem.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A fundamentally different perspective on what makes agriculture &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; 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	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Will &amp;#039;climate smart agriculture&amp;#039; serve the public interest - or the drive for growing profits for private corporations? -Peter Newell, Jennifer Clapp &amp;amp; Zoe W Brent&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-TheEcologist.org&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;Climate smart agriculture&#039; has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real, grassroots led, change, ask PETER NEWELL, JENNIFER CLAPP and ZOE BRENT &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The race is on to deliver models of agricultural development that are viable and sustainable in a world of accelerated climate change.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The urgency derives from the fact that the food and agriculture sector is both a major contributor to climate change and especially vulnerable to its worst impacts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most studies estimate that between 20-35 percent of anthropogenic greenhouse gases are associated with the food and agriculture sector, while some have it as high as 50 percent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Industrial model&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
And as drought and extreme weather events associated with climate change increase, the livelihoods of a huge proportion of the world&amp;rsquo;s population &amp;ndash; over 2.5 billion people &amp;ndash; who make their living from the sector are on the line. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Against this background the idea of &amp;lsquo;climate smart agriculture&amp;rsquo; increasingly features in high level policy discussions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Climate smart agriculture (CSA) describes interventions that generate &amp;lsquo;triple wins&amp;rsquo;: that make agriculture more resilient to the effects of climate change, in ways that reduce poverty and increase yields, while at the same time reducing the substantial emissions created by the agricultural sector.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These goals are widely accepted, but there are vastly different models on offer for how to achieve them, each vying to come out on top. The stakes are enormous, as the model that dominates will shape the future of agriculture for years to come. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One view, already dominant in policy circles, seeks to apply &amp;lsquo;fixes&amp;rsquo; to the existing industrial model of agriculture to make it more sustainable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Questionable sustainability&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This model employs a suite of modern technologies and practices including genetic engineering, biofuels, biochar, and increased use of fertilisers that will deliver a &amp;lsquo;sustainable intensification&amp;rsquo; of production.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This approach is underpinned by Malthusian assumptions about growing populations and dwindling fertile land, asserting that &amp;lsquo;we&amp;rsquo; need to extract more with less to sustainably &amp;lsquo;feed the world&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The main champions of this dominant approach are the World Bank, UN bodies such as Food and Agriculture Organisation and the International Fund for Agriculture and Development (IFAD) and large agribusiness corporations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They find it attractive because it requires only slight changes to business as usual, while providing new opportunities for profit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
CSA projects provide a convenient cover for attempts to introduce controversial technologies into new markets or gain access to growing markets for their products, with questionable sustainabilty impacts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Food companies&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lsquo;Climate smart&amp;rsquo; projects such as Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA), for example, establish smallholder dependence on Monsanto&amp;rsquo;s specially developed proprietary hybrid seeds. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Not surprisingly, this version of CSA is rapidly being adopted and promoted by transnational business interests, and endorsed by international agencies and initiatives.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Headline CSA programmes such as the GACSA (Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture) and EPIC (Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture) focus explicitly on engaging commercial actors, and CSA is increasingly being mainstreamed into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Global firms such as McDonald&amp;rsquo;s and Kellogg&amp;rsquo;s, for example, have made commitments to &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; approaches as part of the GACSA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wal-Mart, meanwhile, has announced its own &amp;lsquo;Climate&amp;nbsp; Smart Agriculture Platform&amp;rsquo; in partnership with its suppliers and well-known food companies like General Mills and PepsiCo, promising to drive the &amp;lsquo;adoption of best practices in agriculture&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Different perspective&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Fertiliser companies such as Yara, Mosaic and Haifa Chemicals Ltd are also among the members of GASCA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These companies are joined by a number of fertiliser lobby groups such as Fertilisers Europe and the Fertiliser Institute, as well as NGOs partnered with fertiliser companies such as Agriculture for Impact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Their involvement reflects the fact that nitrogen fertilisers require an enormous amount of energy to produce; fertiliser production accounts for 1-2 percent of total global energy consumption and produces about the same share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Embracing CSA through such initiatives allows these firms to claim to be part of the solution, rather than a major source of the problem.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A fundamentally different perspective on what makes agriculture &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; comes from a mix of social movements, farmers&amp;rsquo; organisations such as Via Campesina, small-scale fishers, NGO alliances and academic researchers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Organic food&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
These groups are heavily critical of the mainstream CSA discourse, which they see as only further entrenching unsustainable and unjust practices.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, the civil society group &amp;lsquo;Climate Smart Agriculture Concerns&amp;rsquo; first came together in late 2014 to reject the premise of CSA as a form of corporate greenwashing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Among its members are La V&amp;iacute;a Campesina, Greenpeace, ActionAid International in addition to a number of farmer organisations and human rights organisations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-TheEcologist.org

&#039;Climate smart agriculture&#039; has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real,...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-TheEcologist.org&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#039;Climate smart agriculture&#039; has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real, grassroots led, change, ask PETER NEWELL, JENNIFER CLAPP and ZOE BRENT &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The race is on to deliver models of agricultural development that are viable and sustainable in a world of accelerated climate change.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The urgency derives from the fact that the food and agriculture sector is both a major contributor to climate change and especially vulnerable to its worst impacts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most studies estimate that between 20-35 percent of anthropogenic greenhouse gases are associated with the food and agriculture sector, while some have it as high as 50 percent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Industrial model&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And as drought and extreme weather events associated with climate change increase, the livelihoods of a huge proportion of the world&amp;rsquo;s population &amp;ndash; over 2.5 billion people &amp;ndash; who make their living from the sector are on the line. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Against this background the idea of &amp;lsquo;climate smart agriculture&amp;rsquo; increasingly features in high level policy discussions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Climate smart agriculture (CSA) describes interventions that generate &amp;lsquo;triple wins&amp;rsquo;: that make agriculture more resilient to the effects of climate change, in ways that reduce poverty and increase yields, while at the same time reducing the substantial emissions created by the agricultural sector.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These goals are widely accepted, but there are vastly different models on offer for how to achieve them, each vying to come out on top. The stakes are enormous, as the model that dominates will shape the future of agriculture for years to come. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One view, already dominant in policy circles, seeks to apply &amp;lsquo;fixes&amp;rsquo; to the existing industrial model of agriculture to make it more sustainable.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Questionable sustainability&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This model employs a suite of modern technologies and practices including genetic engineering, biofuels, biochar, and increased use of fertilisers that will deliver a &amp;lsquo;sustainable intensification&amp;rsquo; of production.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This approach is underpinned by Malthusian assumptions about growing populations and dwindling fertile land, asserting that &amp;lsquo;we&amp;rsquo; need to extract more with less to sustainably &amp;lsquo;feed the world&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The main champions of this dominant approach are the World Bank, UN bodies such as Food and Agriculture Organisation and the International Fund for Agriculture and Development (IFAD) and large agribusiness corporations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They find it attractive because it requires only slight changes to business as usual, while providing new opportunities for profit.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CSA projects provide a convenient cover for attempts to introduce controversial technologies into new markets or gain access to growing markets for their products, with questionable sustainabilty impacts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Food companies&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lsquo;Climate smart&amp;rsquo; projects such as Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA), for example, establish smallholder dependence on Monsanto&amp;rsquo;s specially developed proprietary hybrid seeds. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Not surprisingly, this version of CSA is rapidly being adopted and promoted by transnational business interests, and endorsed by international agencies and initiatives.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Headline CSA programmes such as the GACSA (Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture) and EPIC (Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture) focus explicitly on engaging commercial actors, and CSA is increasingly being mainstreamed into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Global firms such as McDonald&amp;rsquo;s and Kellogg&amp;rsquo;s, for example, have made commitments to &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; approaches as part of the GACSA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wal-Mart, meanwhile, has announced its own &amp;lsquo;Climate&amp;nbsp; Smart Agriculture Platform&amp;rsquo; in partnership with its suppliers and well-known food companies like General Mills and PepsiCo, promising to drive the &amp;lsquo;adoption of best practices in agriculture&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Different perspective&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fertiliser companies such as Yara, Mosaic and Haifa Chemicals Ltd are also among the members of GASCA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These companies are joined by a number of fertiliser lobby groups such as Fertilisers Europe and the Fertiliser Institute, as well as NGOs partnered with fertiliser companies such as Agriculture for Impact.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Their involvement reflects the fact that nitrogen fertilisers require an enormous amount of energy to produce; fertiliser production accounts for 1-2 percent of total global energy consumption and produces about the same share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Embracing CSA through such initiatives allows these firms to claim to be part of the solution, rather than a major source of the problem.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A fundamentally different perspective on what makes agriculture &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; comes from a mix of social movements, farmers&amp;rsquo; organisations such as Via Campesina, small-scale fishers, NGO alliances and academic researchers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Organic food&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These groups are heavily critical of the mainstream CSA discourse, which they see as only further entrenching unsustainable and unjust practices.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example, the civil society group &amp;lsquo;Climate Smart Agriculture Concerns&amp;rsquo; first came together in late 2014 to reject the premise of CSA as a form of corporate greenwashing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Among its members are La V&amp;iacute;a Campesina, Greenpeace, ActionAid International in addition to a number of farmer organisations and human rights organisations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private&quot; title=&quot;https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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                <strong>Will &#039;climate smart agriculture&#039; serve the public interest - or the drive for growing profits for private corporations? -Peter Newell, Jennifer Clapp &amp; Zoe W Brent</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-TheEcologist.org<br /><em><br />'Climate smart agriculture' has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real, grassroots led, change, ask PETER NEWELL, JENNIFER CLAPP and ZOE BRENT <br /></em><br />The race is on to deliver models of agricultural development that are viable and sustainable in a world of accelerated climate change.<br /><br />The urgency derives from the fact that the food and agriculture sector is both a major contributor to climate change and especially vulnerable to its worst impacts.<br /><br />Most studies estimate that between 20-35 percent of anthropogenic greenhouse gases are associated with the food and agriculture sector, while some have it as high as 50 percent.<br /><br /><em>Industrial model<br /></em><br />And as drought and extreme weather events associated with climate change increase, the livelihoods of a huge proportion of the world&rsquo;s population &ndash; over 2.5 billion people &ndash; who make their living from the sector are on the line. &nbsp;<br /><br />Against this background the idea of &lsquo;climate smart agriculture&rsquo; increasingly features in high level policy discussions.<br /><br />Climate smart agriculture (CSA) describes interventions that generate &lsquo;triple wins&rsquo;: that make agriculture more resilient to the effects of climate change, in ways that reduce poverty and increase yields, while at the same time reducing the substantial emissions created by the agricultural sector.<br /><br />These goals are widely accepted, but there are vastly different models on offer for how to achieve them, each vying to come out on top. The stakes are enormous, as the model that dominates will shape the future of agriculture for years to come. <br /><br />One view, already dominant in policy circles, seeks to apply &lsquo;fixes&rsquo; to the existing industrial model of agriculture to make it more sustainable.<br /><br /><em>Questionable sustainability<br /></em><br />This model employs a suite of modern technologies and practices including genetic engineering, biofuels, biochar, and increased use of fertilisers that will deliver a &lsquo;sustainable intensification&rsquo; of production.<br /><br />This approach is underpinned by Malthusian assumptions about growing populations and dwindling fertile land, asserting that &lsquo;we&rsquo; need to extract more with less to sustainably &lsquo;feed the world&rsquo;. <br /><br />The main champions of this dominant approach are the World Bank, UN bodies such as Food and Agriculture Organisation and the International Fund for Agriculture and Development (IFAD) and large agribusiness corporations.<br /><br />They find it attractive because it requires only slight changes to business as usual, while providing new opportunities for profit.<br /><br />CSA projects provide a convenient cover for attempts to introduce controversial technologies into new markets or gain access to growing markets for their products, with questionable sustainabilty impacts.<br /><br /><em>Food companies<br /></em><br />&lsquo;Climate smart&rsquo; projects such as Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA), for example, establish smallholder dependence on Monsanto&rsquo;s specially developed proprietary hybrid seeds. <br /><br />Not surprisingly, this version of CSA is rapidly being adopted and promoted by transnational business interests, and endorsed by international agencies and initiatives.<br /><br />Headline CSA programmes such as the GACSA (Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture) and EPIC (Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture) focus explicitly on engaging commercial actors, and CSA is increasingly being mainstreamed into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).<br /><br />Global firms such as McDonald&rsquo;s and Kellogg&rsquo;s, for example, have made commitments to &lsquo;climate smart&rsquo; approaches as part of the GACSA.<br /><br />Wal-Mart, meanwhile, has announced its own &lsquo;Climate&nbsp; Smart Agriculture Platform&rsquo; in partnership with its suppliers and well-known food companies like General Mills and PepsiCo, promising to drive the &lsquo;adoption of best practices in agriculture&rsquo;. <br /><br /><em>Different perspective<br /></em><br />Fertiliser companies such as Yara, Mosaic and Haifa Chemicals Ltd are also among the members of GASCA.<br /><br />These companies are joined by a number of fertiliser lobby groups such as Fertilisers Europe and the Fertiliser Institute, as well as NGOs partnered with fertiliser companies such as Agriculture for Impact.<br /><br />Their involvement reflects the fact that nitrogen fertilisers require an enormous amount of energy to produce; fertiliser production accounts for 1-2 percent of total global energy consumption and produces about the same share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.<br /><br />Embracing CSA through such initiatives allows these firms to claim to be part of the solution, rather than a major source of the problem.<br /><br />A fundamentally different perspective on what makes agriculture &lsquo;climate smart&rsquo; comes from a mix of social movements, farmers&rsquo; organisations such as Via Campesina, small-scale fishers, NGO alliances and academic researchers.<br /><br /><em>Organic food<br /></em><br />These groups are heavily critical of the mainstream CSA discourse, which they see as only further entrenching unsustainable and unjust practices.<br /><br />For example, the civil society group &lsquo;Climate Smart Agriculture Concerns&rsquo; first came together in late 2014 to reject the premise of CSA as a form of corporate greenwashing.<br /><br />Among its members are La V&iacute;a Campesina, Greenpeace, ActionAid International in addition to a number of farmer organisations and human rights organisations.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private" title="https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Will &amp;#039;climate smart agriculture&amp;#039; serve the public interest - or the drive for growing profits for private corporations? -Peter Newell, Jennifer Clapp &amp;amp; Zoe W Brent&#039;,
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-TheEcologist.org&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;Climate smart agriculture&#039; has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real, grassroots led, change, ask PETER NEWELL, JENNIFER CLAPP and ZOE BRENT &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The race is on to deliver models of agricultural development that are viable and sustainable in a world of accelerated climate change.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The urgency derives from the fact that the food and agriculture sector is both a major contributor to climate change and especially vulnerable to its worst impacts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most studies estimate that between 20-35 percent of anthropogenic greenhouse gases are associated with the food and agriculture sector, while some have it as high as 50 percent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Industrial model&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
And as drought and extreme weather events associated with climate change increase, the livelihoods of a huge proportion of the world&amp;rsquo;s population &amp;ndash; over 2.5 billion people &amp;ndash; who make their living from the sector are on the line. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Against this background the idea of &amp;lsquo;climate smart agriculture&amp;rsquo; increasingly features in high level policy discussions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Climate smart agriculture (CSA) describes interventions that generate &amp;lsquo;triple wins&amp;rsquo;: that make agriculture more resilient to the effects of climate change, in ways that reduce poverty and increase yields, while at the same time reducing the substantial emissions created by the agricultural sector.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These goals are widely accepted, but there are vastly different models on offer for how to achieve them, each vying to come out on top. The stakes are enormous, as the model that dominates will shape the future of agriculture for years to come. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One view, already dominant in policy circles, seeks to apply &amp;lsquo;fixes&amp;rsquo; to the existing industrial model of agriculture to make it more sustainable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Questionable sustainability&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This model employs a suite of modern technologies and practices including genetic engineering, biofuels, biochar, and increased use of fertilisers that will deliver a &amp;lsquo;sustainable intensification&amp;rsquo; of production.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This approach is underpinned by Malthusian assumptions about growing populations and dwindling fertile land, asserting that &amp;lsquo;we&amp;rsquo; need to extract more with less to sustainably &amp;lsquo;feed the world&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The main champions of this dominant approach are the World Bank, UN bodies such as Food and Agriculture Organisation and the International Fund for Agriculture and Development (IFAD) and large agribusiness corporations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They find it attractive because it requires only slight changes to business as usual, while providing new opportunities for profit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
CSA projects provide a convenient cover for attempts to introduce controversial technologies into new markets or gain access to growing markets for their products, with questionable sustainabilty impacts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Food companies&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lsquo;Climate smart&amp;rsquo; projects such as Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA), for example, establish smallholder dependence on Monsanto&amp;rsquo;s specially developed proprietary hybrid seeds. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Not surprisingly, this version of CSA is rapidly being adopted and promoted by transnational business interests, and endorsed by international agencies and initiatives.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Headline CSA programmes such as the GACSA (Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture) and EPIC (Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture) focus explicitly on engaging commercial actors, and CSA is increasingly being mainstreamed into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Global firms such as McDonald&amp;rsquo;s and Kellogg&amp;rsquo;s, for example, have made commitments to &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; approaches as part of the GACSA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wal-Mart, meanwhile, has announced its own &amp;lsquo;Climate&amp;nbsp; Smart Agriculture Platform&amp;rsquo; in partnership with its suppliers and well-known food companies like General Mills and PepsiCo, promising to drive the &amp;lsquo;adoption of best practices in agriculture&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Different perspective&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Fertiliser companies such as Yara, Mosaic and Haifa Chemicals Ltd are also among the members of GASCA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These companies are joined by a number of fertiliser lobby groups such as Fertilisers Europe and the Fertiliser Institute, as well as NGOs partnered with fertiliser companies such as Agriculture for Impact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Their involvement reflects the fact that nitrogen fertilisers require an enormous amount of energy to produce; fertiliser production accounts for 1-2 percent of total global energy consumption and produces about the same share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Embracing CSA through such initiatives allows these firms to claim to be part of the solution, rather than a major source of the problem.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A fundamentally different perspective on what makes agriculture &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; comes from a mix of social movements, farmers&amp;rsquo; organisations such as Via Campesina, small-scale fishers, NGO alliances and academic researchers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Organic food&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
These groups are heavily critical of the mainstream CSA discourse, which they see as only further entrenching unsustainable and unjust practices.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, the civil society group &amp;lsquo;Climate Smart Agriculture Concerns&amp;rsquo; first came together in late 2014 to reject the premise of CSA as a form of corporate greenwashing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Among its members are La V&amp;iacute;a Campesina, Greenpeace, ActionAid International in addition to a number of farmer organisations and human rights organisations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;TheEcologist.org, 19 January, 2018, https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private&#039;,
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&#039;Climate smart agriculture&#039; has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real,...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-TheEcologist.org&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#039;Climate smart agriculture&#039; has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real, grassroots led, change, ask PETER NEWELL, JENNIFER CLAPP and ZOE BRENT &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The race is on to deliver models of agricultural development that are viable and sustainable in a world of accelerated climate change.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The urgency derives from the fact that the food and agriculture sector is both a major contributor to climate change and especially vulnerable to its worst impacts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most studies estimate that between 20-35 percent of anthropogenic greenhouse gases are associated with the food and agriculture sector, while some have it as high as 50 percent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Industrial model&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And as drought and extreme weather events associated with climate change increase, the livelihoods of a huge proportion of the world&amp;rsquo;s population &amp;ndash; over 2.5 billion people &amp;ndash; who make their living from the sector are on the line. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Against this background the idea of &amp;lsquo;climate smart agriculture&amp;rsquo; increasingly features in high level policy discussions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Climate smart agriculture (CSA) describes interventions that generate &amp;lsquo;triple wins&amp;rsquo;: that make agriculture more resilient to the effects of climate change, in ways that reduce poverty and increase yields, while at the same time reducing the substantial emissions created by the agricultural sector.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These goals are widely accepted, but there are vastly different models on offer for how to achieve them, each vying to come out on top. The stakes are enormous, as the model that dominates will shape the future of agriculture for years to come. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One view, already dominant in policy circles, seeks to apply &amp;lsquo;fixes&amp;rsquo; to the existing industrial model of agriculture to make it more sustainable.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Questionable sustainability&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This model employs a suite of modern technologies and practices including genetic engineering, biofuels, biochar, and increased use of fertilisers that will deliver a &amp;lsquo;sustainable intensification&amp;rsquo; of production.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This approach is underpinned by Malthusian assumptions about growing populations and dwindling fertile land, asserting that &amp;lsquo;we&amp;rsquo; need to extract more with less to sustainably &amp;lsquo;feed the world&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The main champions of this dominant approach are the World Bank, UN bodies such as Food and Agriculture Organisation and the International Fund for Agriculture and Development (IFAD) and large agribusiness corporations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They find it attractive because it requires only slight changes to business as usual, while providing new opportunities for profit.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CSA projects provide a convenient cover for attempts to introduce controversial technologies into new markets or gain access to growing markets for their products, with questionable sustainabilty impacts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Food companies&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lsquo;Climate smart&amp;rsquo; projects such as Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA), for example, establish smallholder dependence on Monsanto&amp;rsquo;s specially developed proprietary hybrid seeds. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Not surprisingly, this version of CSA is rapidly being adopted and promoted by transnational business interests, and endorsed by international agencies and initiatives.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Headline CSA programmes such as the GACSA (Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture) and EPIC (Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture) focus explicitly on engaging commercial actors, and CSA is increasingly being mainstreamed into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Global firms such as McDonald&amp;rsquo;s and Kellogg&amp;rsquo;s, for example, have made commitments to &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; approaches as part of the GACSA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wal-Mart, meanwhile, has announced its own &amp;lsquo;Climate&amp;nbsp; Smart Agriculture Platform&amp;rsquo; in partnership with its suppliers and well-known food companies like General Mills and PepsiCo, promising to drive the &amp;lsquo;adoption of best practices in agriculture&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Different perspective&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fertiliser companies such as Yara, Mosaic and Haifa Chemicals Ltd are also among the members of GASCA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These companies are joined by a number of fertiliser lobby groups such as Fertilisers Europe and the Fertiliser Institute, as well as NGOs partnered with fertiliser companies such as Agriculture for Impact.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Their involvement reflects the fact that nitrogen fertilisers require an enormous amount of energy to produce; fertiliser production accounts for 1-2 percent of total global energy consumption and produces about the same share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Embracing CSA through such initiatives allows these firms to claim to be part of the solution, rather than a major source of the problem.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A fundamentally different perspective on what makes agriculture &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; comes from a mix of social movements, farmers&amp;rsquo; organisations such as Via Campesina, small-scale fishers, NGO alliances and academic researchers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Organic food&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These groups are heavily critical of the mainstream CSA discourse, which they see as only further entrenching unsustainable and unjust practices.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example, the civil society group &amp;lsquo;Climate Smart Agriculture Concerns&amp;rsquo; first came together in late 2014 to reject the premise of CSA as a form of corporate greenwashing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Among its members are La V&amp;iacute;a Campesina, Greenpeace, ActionAid International in addition to a number of farmer organisations and human rights organisations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private&quot; title=&quot;https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; 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	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Will &amp;#039;climate smart agriculture&amp;#039; serve the public interest - or the drive for growing profits for private corporations? -Peter Newell, Jennifer Clapp &amp;amp; Zoe W Brent&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-TheEcologist.org&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;Climate smart agriculture&#039; has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real, grassroots led, change, ask PETER NEWELL, JENNIFER CLAPP and ZOE BRENT &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The race is on to deliver models of agricultural development that are viable and sustainable in a world of accelerated climate change.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The urgency derives from the fact that the food and agriculture sector is both a major contributor to climate change and especially vulnerable to its worst impacts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most studies estimate that between 20-35 percent of anthropogenic greenhouse gases are associated with the food and agriculture sector, while some have it as high as 50 percent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Industrial model&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
And as drought and extreme weather events associated with climate change increase, the livelihoods of a huge proportion of the world&amp;rsquo;s population &amp;ndash; over 2.5 billion people &amp;ndash; who make their living from the sector are on the line. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Against this background the idea of &amp;lsquo;climate smart agriculture&amp;rsquo; increasingly features in high level policy discussions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Climate smart agriculture (CSA) describes interventions that generate &amp;lsquo;triple wins&amp;rsquo;: that make agriculture more resilient to the effects of climate change, in ways that reduce poverty and increase yields, while at the same time reducing the substantial emissions created by the agricultural sector.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These goals are widely accepted, but there are vastly different models on offer for how to achieve them, each vying to come out on top. The stakes are enormous, as the model that dominates will shape the future of agriculture for years to come. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One view, already dominant in policy circles, seeks to apply &amp;lsquo;fixes&amp;rsquo; to the existing industrial model of agriculture to make it more sustainable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Questionable sustainability&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This model employs a suite of modern technologies and practices including genetic engineering, biofuels, biochar, and increased use of fertilisers that will deliver a &amp;lsquo;sustainable intensification&amp;rsquo; of production.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This approach is underpinned by Malthusian assumptions about growing populations and dwindling fertile land, asserting that &amp;lsquo;we&amp;rsquo; need to extract more with less to sustainably &amp;lsquo;feed the world&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The main champions of this dominant approach are the World Bank, UN bodies such as Food and Agriculture Organisation and the International Fund for Agriculture and Development (IFAD) and large agribusiness corporations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They find it attractive because it requires only slight changes to business as usual, while providing new opportunities for profit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
CSA projects provide a convenient cover for attempts to introduce controversial technologies into new markets or gain access to growing markets for their products, with questionable sustainabilty impacts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Food companies&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lsquo;Climate smart&amp;rsquo; projects such as Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA), for example, establish smallholder dependence on Monsanto&amp;rsquo;s specially developed proprietary hybrid seeds. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Not surprisingly, this version of CSA is rapidly being adopted and promoted by transnational business interests, and endorsed by international agencies and initiatives.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Headline CSA programmes such as the GACSA (Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture) and EPIC (Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture) focus explicitly on engaging commercial actors, and CSA is increasingly being mainstreamed into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Global firms such as McDonald&amp;rsquo;s and Kellogg&amp;rsquo;s, for example, have made commitments to &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; approaches as part of the GACSA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wal-Mart, meanwhile, has announced its own &amp;lsquo;Climate&amp;nbsp; Smart Agriculture Platform&amp;rsquo; in partnership with its suppliers and well-known food companies like General Mills and PepsiCo, promising to drive the &amp;lsquo;adoption of best practices in agriculture&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Different perspective&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Fertiliser companies such as Yara, Mosaic and Haifa Chemicals Ltd are also among the members of GASCA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These companies are joined by a number of fertiliser lobby groups such as Fertilisers Europe and the Fertiliser Institute, as well as NGOs partnered with fertiliser companies such as Agriculture for Impact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Their involvement reflects the fact that nitrogen fertilisers require an enormous amount of energy to produce; fertiliser production accounts for 1-2 percent of total global energy consumption and produces about the same share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Embracing CSA through such initiatives allows these firms to claim to be part of the solution, rather than a major source of the problem.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A fundamentally different perspective on what makes agriculture &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; comes from a mix of social movements, farmers&amp;rsquo; organisations such as Via Campesina, small-scale fishers, NGO alliances and academic researchers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Organic food&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
These groups are heavily critical of the mainstream CSA discourse, which they see as only further entrenching unsustainable and unjust practices.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, the civil society group &amp;lsquo;Climate Smart Agriculture Concerns&amp;rsquo; first came together in late 2014 to reject the premise of CSA as a form of corporate greenwashing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Among its members are La V&amp;iacute;a Campesina, Greenpeace, ActionAid International in addition to a number of farmer organisations and human rights organisations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;Climate smart agriculture&#039; has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real,...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-TheEcologist.org&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#039;Climate smart agriculture&#039; has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real, grassroots led, change, ask PETER NEWELL, JENNIFER CLAPP and ZOE BRENT &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The race is on to deliver models of agricultural development that are viable and sustainable in a world of accelerated climate change.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The urgency derives from the fact that the food and agriculture sector is both a major contributor to climate change and especially vulnerable to its worst impacts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most studies estimate that between 20-35 percent of anthropogenic greenhouse gases are associated with the food and agriculture sector, while some have it as high as 50 percent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Industrial model&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And as drought and extreme weather events associated with climate change increase, the livelihoods of a huge proportion of the world&amp;rsquo;s population &amp;ndash; over 2.5 billion people &amp;ndash; who make their living from the sector are on the line. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Against this background the idea of &amp;lsquo;climate smart agriculture&amp;rsquo; increasingly features in high level policy discussions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Climate smart agriculture (CSA) describes interventions that generate &amp;lsquo;triple wins&amp;rsquo;: that make agriculture more resilient to the effects of climate change, in ways that reduce poverty and increase yields, while at the same time reducing the substantial emissions created by the agricultural sector.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These goals are widely accepted, but there are vastly different models on offer for how to achieve them, each vying to come out on top. The stakes are enormous, as the model that dominates will shape the future of agriculture for years to come. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One view, already dominant in policy circles, seeks to apply &amp;lsquo;fixes&amp;rsquo; to the existing industrial model of agriculture to make it more sustainable.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Questionable sustainability&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This model employs a suite of modern technologies and practices including genetic engineering, biofuels, biochar, and increased use of fertilisers that will deliver a &amp;lsquo;sustainable intensification&amp;rsquo; of production.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This approach is underpinned by Malthusian assumptions about growing populations and dwindling fertile land, asserting that &amp;lsquo;we&amp;rsquo; need to extract more with less to sustainably &amp;lsquo;feed the world&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The main champions of this dominant approach are the World Bank, UN bodies such as Food and Agriculture Organisation and the International Fund for Agriculture and Development (IFAD) and large agribusiness corporations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They find it attractive because it requires only slight changes to business as usual, while providing new opportunities for profit.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CSA projects provide a convenient cover for attempts to introduce controversial technologies into new markets or gain access to growing markets for their products, with questionable sustainabilty impacts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Food companies&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lsquo;Climate smart&amp;rsquo; projects such as Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA), for example, establish smallholder dependence on Monsanto&amp;rsquo;s specially developed proprietary hybrid seeds. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Not surprisingly, this version of CSA is rapidly being adopted and promoted by transnational business interests, and endorsed by international agencies and initiatives.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Headline CSA programmes such as the GACSA (Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture) and EPIC (Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture) focus explicitly on engaging commercial actors, and CSA is increasingly being mainstreamed into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Global firms such as McDonald&amp;rsquo;s and Kellogg&amp;rsquo;s, for example, have made commitments to &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; approaches as part of the GACSA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wal-Mart, meanwhile, has announced its own &amp;lsquo;Climate&amp;nbsp; Smart Agriculture Platform&amp;rsquo; in partnership with its suppliers and well-known food companies like General Mills and PepsiCo, promising to drive the &amp;lsquo;adoption of best practices in agriculture&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Different perspective&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fertiliser companies such as Yara, Mosaic and Haifa Chemicals Ltd are also among the members of GASCA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These companies are joined by a number of fertiliser lobby groups such as Fertilisers Europe and the Fertiliser Institute, as well as NGOs partnered with fertiliser companies such as Agriculture for Impact.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Their involvement reflects the fact that nitrogen fertilisers require an enormous amount of energy to produce; fertiliser production accounts for 1-2 percent of total global energy consumption and produces about the same share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Embracing CSA through such initiatives allows these firms to claim to be part of the solution, rather than a major source of the problem.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A fundamentally different perspective on what makes agriculture &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; comes from a mix of social movements, farmers&amp;rsquo; organisations such as Via Campesina, small-scale fishers, NGO alliances and academic researchers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Organic food&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These groups are heavily critical of the mainstream CSA discourse, which they see as only further entrenching unsustainable and unjust practices.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example, the civil society group &amp;lsquo;Climate Smart Agriculture Concerns&amp;rsquo; first came together in late 2014 to reject the premise of CSA as a form of corporate greenwashing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Among its members are La V&amp;iacute;a Campesina, Greenpeace, ActionAid International in addition to a number of farmer organisations and human rights organisations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private&quot; title=&quot;https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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                <strong>Will &#039;climate smart agriculture&#039; serve the public interest - or the drive for growing profits for private corporations? -Peter Newell, Jennifer Clapp &amp; Zoe W Brent</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-TheEcologist.org<br /><em><br />'Climate smart agriculture' has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real, grassroots led, change, ask PETER NEWELL, JENNIFER CLAPP and ZOE BRENT <br /></em><br />The race is on to deliver models of agricultural development that are viable and sustainable in a world of accelerated climate change.<br /><br />The urgency derives from the fact that the food and agriculture sector is both a major contributor to climate change and especially vulnerable to its worst impacts.<br /><br />Most studies estimate that between 20-35 percent of anthropogenic greenhouse gases are associated with the food and agriculture sector, while some have it as high as 50 percent.<br /><br /><em>Industrial model<br /></em><br />And as drought and extreme weather events associated with climate change increase, the livelihoods of a huge proportion of the world&rsquo;s population &ndash; over 2.5 billion people &ndash; who make their living from the sector are on the line. &nbsp;<br /><br />Against this background the idea of &lsquo;climate smart agriculture&rsquo; increasingly features in high level policy discussions.<br /><br />Climate smart agriculture (CSA) describes interventions that generate &lsquo;triple wins&rsquo;: that make agriculture more resilient to the effects of climate change, in ways that reduce poverty and increase yields, while at the same time reducing the substantial emissions created by the agricultural sector.<br /><br />These goals are widely accepted, but there are vastly different models on offer for how to achieve them, each vying to come out on top. The stakes are enormous, as the model that dominates will shape the future of agriculture for years to come. <br /><br />One view, already dominant in policy circles, seeks to apply &lsquo;fixes&rsquo; to the existing industrial model of agriculture to make it more sustainable.<br /><br /><em>Questionable sustainability<br /></em><br />This model employs a suite of modern technologies and practices including genetic engineering, biofuels, biochar, and increased use of fertilisers that will deliver a &lsquo;sustainable intensification&rsquo; of production.<br /><br />This approach is underpinned by Malthusian assumptions about growing populations and dwindling fertile land, asserting that &lsquo;we&rsquo; need to extract more with less to sustainably &lsquo;feed the world&rsquo;. <br /><br />The main champions of this dominant approach are the World Bank, UN bodies such as Food and Agriculture Organisation and the International Fund for Agriculture and Development (IFAD) and large agribusiness corporations.<br /><br />They find it attractive because it requires only slight changes to business as usual, while providing new opportunities for profit.<br /><br />CSA projects provide a convenient cover for attempts to introduce controversial technologies into new markets or gain access to growing markets for their products, with questionable sustainabilty impacts.<br /><br /><em>Food companies<br /></em><br />&lsquo;Climate smart&rsquo; projects such as Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA), for example, establish smallholder dependence on Monsanto&rsquo;s specially developed proprietary hybrid seeds. <br /><br />Not surprisingly, this version of CSA is rapidly being adopted and promoted by transnational business interests, and endorsed by international agencies and initiatives.<br /><br />Headline CSA programmes such as the GACSA (Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture) and EPIC (Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture) focus explicitly on engaging commercial actors, and CSA is increasingly being mainstreamed into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).<br /><br />Global firms such as McDonald&rsquo;s and Kellogg&rsquo;s, for example, have made commitments to &lsquo;climate smart&rsquo; approaches as part of the GACSA.<br /><br />Wal-Mart, meanwhile, has announced its own &lsquo;Climate&nbsp; Smart Agriculture Platform&rsquo; in partnership with its suppliers and well-known food companies like General Mills and PepsiCo, promising to drive the &lsquo;adoption of best practices in agriculture&rsquo;. <br /><br /><em>Different perspective<br /></em><br />Fertiliser companies such as Yara, Mosaic and Haifa Chemicals Ltd are also among the members of GASCA.<br /><br />These companies are joined by a number of fertiliser lobby groups such as Fertilisers Europe and the Fertiliser Institute, as well as NGOs partnered with fertiliser companies such as Agriculture for Impact.<br /><br />Their involvement reflects the fact that nitrogen fertilisers require an enormous amount of energy to produce; fertiliser production accounts for 1-2 percent of total global energy consumption and produces about the same share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.<br /><br />Embracing CSA through such initiatives allows these firms to claim to be part of the solution, rather than a major source of the problem.<br /><br />A fundamentally different perspective on what makes agriculture &lsquo;climate smart&rsquo; comes from a mix of social movements, farmers&rsquo; organisations such as Via Campesina, small-scale fishers, NGO alliances and academic researchers.<br /><br /><em>Organic food<br /></em><br />These groups are heavily critical of the mainstream CSA discourse, which they see as only further entrenching unsustainable and unjust practices.<br /><br />For example, the civil society group &lsquo;Climate Smart Agriculture Concerns&rsquo; first came together in late 2014 to reject the premise of CSA as a form of corporate greenwashing.<br /><br />Among its members are La V&iacute;a Campesina, Greenpeace, ActionAid International in addition to a number of farmer organisations and human rights organisations.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private" title="https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Will &amp;#039;climate smart agriculture&amp;#039; serve the public interest - or the drive for growing profits for private corporations? -Peter Newell, Jennifer Clapp &amp;amp; Zoe W Brent&#039;,
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-TheEcologist.org&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;Climate smart agriculture&#039; has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real, grassroots led, change, ask PETER NEWELL, JENNIFER CLAPP and ZOE BRENT &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The race is on to deliver models of agricultural development that are viable and sustainable in a world of accelerated climate change.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The urgency derives from the fact that the food and agriculture sector is both a major contributor to climate change and especially vulnerable to its worst impacts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most studies estimate that between 20-35 percent of anthropogenic greenhouse gases are associated with the food and agriculture sector, while some have it as high as 50 percent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Industrial model&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
And as drought and extreme weather events associated with climate change increase, the livelihoods of a huge proportion of the world&amp;rsquo;s population &amp;ndash; over 2.5 billion people &amp;ndash; who make their living from the sector are on the line. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Against this background the idea of &amp;lsquo;climate smart agriculture&amp;rsquo; increasingly features in high level policy discussions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Climate smart agriculture (CSA) describes interventions that generate &amp;lsquo;triple wins&amp;rsquo;: that make agriculture more resilient to the effects of climate change, in ways that reduce poverty and increase yields, while at the same time reducing the substantial emissions created by the agricultural sector.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These goals are widely accepted, but there are vastly different models on offer for how to achieve them, each vying to come out on top. The stakes are enormous, as the model that dominates will shape the future of agriculture for years to come. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One view, already dominant in policy circles, seeks to apply &amp;lsquo;fixes&amp;rsquo; to the existing industrial model of agriculture to make it more sustainable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Questionable sustainability&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This model employs a suite of modern technologies and practices including genetic engineering, biofuels, biochar, and increased use of fertilisers that will deliver a &amp;lsquo;sustainable intensification&amp;rsquo; of production.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This approach is underpinned by Malthusian assumptions about growing populations and dwindling fertile land, asserting that &amp;lsquo;we&amp;rsquo; need to extract more with less to sustainably &amp;lsquo;feed the world&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The main champions of this dominant approach are the World Bank, UN bodies such as Food and Agriculture Organisation and the International Fund for Agriculture and Development (IFAD) and large agribusiness corporations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They find it attractive because it requires only slight changes to business as usual, while providing new opportunities for profit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
CSA projects provide a convenient cover for attempts to introduce controversial technologies into new markets or gain access to growing markets for their products, with questionable sustainabilty impacts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Food companies&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lsquo;Climate smart&amp;rsquo; projects such as Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA), for example, establish smallholder dependence on Monsanto&amp;rsquo;s specially developed proprietary hybrid seeds. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Not surprisingly, this version of CSA is rapidly being adopted and promoted by transnational business interests, and endorsed by international agencies and initiatives.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Headline CSA programmes such as the GACSA (Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture) and EPIC (Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture) focus explicitly on engaging commercial actors, and CSA is increasingly being mainstreamed into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Global firms such as McDonald&amp;rsquo;s and Kellogg&amp;rsquo;s, for example, have made commitments to &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; approaches as part of the GACSA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wal-Mart, meanwhile, has announced its own &amp;lsquo;Climate&amp;nbsp; Smart Agriculture Platform&amp;rsquo; in partnership with its suppliers and well-known food companies like General Mills and PepsiCo, promising to drive the &amp;lsquo;adoption of best practices in agriculture&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Different perspective&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Fertiliser companies such as Yara, Mosaic and Haifa Chemicals Ltd are also among the members of GASCA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These companies are joined by a number of fertiliser lobby groups such as Fertilisers Europe and the Fertiliser Institute, as well as NGOs partnered with fertiliser companies such as Agriculture for Impact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Their involvement reflects the fact that nitrogen fertilisers require an enormous amount of energy to produce; fertiliser production accounts for 1-2 percent of total global energy consumption and produces about the same share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Embracing CSA through such initiatives allows these firms to claim to be part of the solution, rather than a major source of the problem.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A fundamentally different perspective on what makes agriculture &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; comes from a mix of social movements, farmers&amp;rsquo; organisations such as Via Campesina, small-scale fishers, NGO alliances and academic researchers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Organic food&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
These groups are heavily critical of the mainstream CSA discourse, which they see as only further entrenching unsustainable and unjust practices.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, the civil society group &amp;lsquo;Climate Smart Agriculture Concerns&amp;rsquo; first came together in late 2014 to reject the premise of CSA as a form of corporate greenwashing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Among its members are La V&amp;iacute;a Campesina, Greenpeace, ActionAid International in addition to a number of farmer organisations and human rights organisations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;TheEcologist.org, 19 January, 2018, https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private&#039;,
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	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Will &amp;#039;climate smart agriculture&amp;#039; serve the public interest - or the drive for growing profits for private corporations? -Peter Newell, Jennifer Clapp &amp;amp; Zoe W Brent&#039;,
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-TheEcologist.org

&#039;Climate smart agriculture&#039; has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real,...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-TheEcologist.org&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#039;Climate smart agriculture&#039; has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real, grassroots led, change, ask PETER NEWELL, JENNIFER CLAPP and ZOE BRENT &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The race is on to deliver models of agricultural development that are viable and sustainable in a world of accelerated climate change.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The urgency derives from the fact that the food and agriculture sector is both a major contributor to climate change and especially vulnerable to its worst impacts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most studies estimate that between 20-35 percent of anthropogenic greenhouse gases are associated with the food and agriculture sector, while some have it as high as 50 percent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Industrial model&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And as drought and extreme weather events associated with climate change increase, the livelihoods of a huge proportion of the world&amp;rsquo;s population &amp;ndash; over 2.5 billion people &amp;ndash; who make their living from the sector are on the line. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Against this background the idea of &amp;lsquo;climate smart agriculture&amp;rsquo; increasingly features in high level policy discussions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Climate smart agriculture (CSA) describes interventions that generate &amp;lsquo;triple wins&amp;rsquo;: that make agriculture more resilient to the effects of climate change, in ways that reduce poverty and increase yields, while at the same time reducing the substantial emissions created by the agricultural sector.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These goals are widely accepted, but there are vastly different models on offer for how to achieve them, each vying to come out on top. The stakes are enormous, as the model that dominates will shape the future of agriculture for years to come. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One view, already dominant in policy circles, seeks to apply &amp;lsquo;fixes&amp;rsquo; to the existing industrial model of agriculture to make it more sustainable.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Questionable sustainability&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This model employs a suite of modern technologies and practices including genetic engineering, biofuels, biochar, and increased use of fertilisers that will deliver a &amp;lsquo;sustainable intensification&amp;rsquo; of production.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This approach is underpinned by Malthusian assumptions about growing populations and dwindling fertile land, asserting that &amp;lsquo;we&amp;rsquo; need to extract more with less to sustainably &amp;lsquo;feed the world&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The main champions of this dominant approach are the World Bank, UN bodies such as Food and Agriculture Organisation and the International Fund for Agriculture and Development (IFAD) and large agribusiness corporations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They find it attractive because it requires only slight changes to business as usual, while providing new opportunities for profit.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CSA projects provide a convenient cover for attempts to introduce controversial technologies into new markets or gain access to growing markets for their products, with questionable sustainabilty impacts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Food companies&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lsquo;Climate smart&amp;rsquo; projects such as Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA), for example, establish smallholder dependence on Monsanto&amp;rsquo;s specially developed proprietary hybrid seeds. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Not surprisingly, this version of CSA is rapidly being adopted and promoted by transnational business interests, and endorsed by international agencies and initiatives.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Headline CSA programmes such as the GACSA (Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture) and EPIC (Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture) focus explicitly on engaging commercial actors, and CSA is increasingly being mainstreamed into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Global firms such as McDonald&amp;rsquo;s and Kellogg&amp;rsquo;s, for example, have made commitments to &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; approaches as part of the GACSA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wal-Mart, meanwhile, has announced its own &amp;lsquo;Climate&amp;nbsp; Smart Agriculture Platform&amp;rsquo; in partnership with its suppliers and well-known food companies like General Mills and PepsiCo, promising to drive the &amp;lsquo;adoption of best practices in agriculture&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Different perspective&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fertiliser companies such as Yara, Mosaic and Haifa Chemicals Ltd are also among the members of GASCA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These companies are joined by a number of fertiliser lobby groups such as Fertilisers Europe and the Fertiliser Institute, as well as NGOs partnered with fertiliser companies such as Agriculture for Impact.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Their involvement reflects the fact that nitrogen fertilisers require an enormous amount of energy to produce; fertiliser production accounts for 1-2 percent of total global energy consumption and produces about the same share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Embracing CSA through such initiatives allows these firms to claim to be part of the solution, rather than a major source of the problem.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A fundamentally different perspective on what makes agriculture &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; comes from a mix of social movements, farmers&amp;rsquo; organisations such as Via Campesina, small-scale fishers, NGO alliances and academic researchers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Organic food&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These groups are heavily critical of the mainstream CSA discourse, which they see as only further entrenching unsustainable and unjust practices.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example, the civil society group &amp;lsquo;Climate Smart Agriculture Concerns&amp;rsquo; first came together in late 2014 to reject the premise of CSA as a form of corporate greenwashing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Among its members are La V&amp;iacute;a Campesina, Greenpeace, ActionAid International in addition to a number of farmer organisations and human rights organisations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private&quot; title=&quot;https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Will &amp;#039;climate smart agriculture&amp;#039; serve the public interest - or the drive for growing profits for private corporations? -Peter Newell, Jennifer Clapp &amp;amp; Zoe W Brent&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-TheEcologist.org&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;Climate smart agriculture&#039; has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real, grassroots led, change, ask PETER NEWELL, JENNIFER CLAPP and ZOE BRENT &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The race is on to deliver models of agricultural development that are viable and sustainable in a world of accelerated climate change.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The urgency derives from the fact that the food and agriculture sector is both a major contributor to climate change and especially vulnerable to its worst impacts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most studies estimate that between 20-35 percent of anthropogenic greenhouse gases are associated with the food and agriculture sector, while some have it as high as 50 percent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Industrial model&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
And as drought and extreme weather events associated with climate change increase, the livelihoods of a huge proportion of the world&amp;rsquo;s population &amp;ndash; over 2.5 billion people &amp;ndash; who make their living from the sector are on the line. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Against this background the idea of &amp;lsquo;climate smart agriculture&amp;rsquo; increasingly features in high level policy discussions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Climate smart agriculture (CSA) describes interventions that generate &amp;lsquo;triple wins&amp;rsquo;: that make agriculture more resilient to the effects of climate change, in ways that reduce poverty and increase yields, while at the same time reducing the substantial emissions created by the agricultural sector.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These goals are widely accepted, but there are vastly different models on offer for how to achieve them, each vying to come out on top. The stakes are enormous, as the model that dominates will shape the future of agriculture for years to come. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One view, already dominant in policy circles, seeks to apply &amp;lsquo;fixes&amp;rsquo; to the existing industrial model of agriculture to make it more sustainable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Questionable sustainability&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This model employs a suite of modern technologies and practices including genetic engineering, biofuels, biochar, and increased use of fertilisers that will deliver a &amp;lsquo;sustainable intensification&amp;rsquo; of production.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This approach is underpinned by Malthusian assumptions about growing populations and dwindling fertile land, asserting that &amp;lsquo;we&amp;rsquo; need to extract more with less to sustainably &amp;lsquo;feed the world&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The main champions of this dominant approach are the World Bank, UN bodies such as Food and Agriculture Organisation and the International Fund for Agriculture and Development (IFAD) and large agribusiness corporations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They find it attractive because it requires only slight changes to business as usual, while providing new opportunities for profit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
CSA projects provide a convenient cover for attempts to introduce controversial technologies into new markets or gain access to growing markets for their products, with questionable sustainabilty impacts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Food companies&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lsquo;Climate smart&amp;rsquo; projects such as Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA), for example, establish smallholder dependence on Monsanto&amp;rsquo;s specially developed proprietary hybrid seeds. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Not surprisingly, this version of CSA is rapidly being adopted and promoted by transnational business interests, and endorsed by international agencies and initiatives.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Headline CSA programmes such as the GACSA (Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture) and EPIC (Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture) focus explicitly on engaging commercial actors, and CSA is increasingly being mainstreamed into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Global firms such as McDonald&amp;rsquo;s and Kellogg&amp;rsquo;s, for example, have made commitments to &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; approaches as part of the GACSA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wal-Mart, meanwhile, has announced its own &amp;lsquo;Climate&amp;nbsp; Smart Agriculture Platform&amp;rsquo; in partnership with its suppliers and well-known food companies like General Mills and PepsiCo, promising to drive the &amp;lsquo;adoption of best practices in agriculture&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Different perspective&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Fertiliser companies such as Yara, Mosaic and Haifa Chemicals Ltd are also among the members of GASCA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These companies are joined by a number of fertiliser lobby groups such as Fertilisers Europe and the Fertiliser Institute, as well as NGOs partnered with fertiliser companies such as Agriculture for Impact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Their involvement reflects the fact that nitrogen fertilisers require an enormous amount of energy to produce; fertiliser production accounts for 1-2 percent of total global energy consumption and produces about the same share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Embracing CSA through such initiatives allows these firms to claim to be part of the solution, rather than a major source of the problem.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A fundamentally different perspective on what makes agriculture &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; comes from a mix of social movements, farmers&amp;rsquo; organisations such as Via Campesina, small-scale fishers, NGO alliances and academic researchers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Organic food&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
These groups are heavily critical of the mainstream CSA discourse, which they see as only further entrenching unsustainable and unjust practices.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, the civil society group &amp;lsquo;Climate Smart Agriculture Concerns&amp;rsquo; first came together in late 2014 to reject the premise of CSA as a form of corporate greenwashing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Among its members are La V&amp;iacute;a Campesina, Greenpeace, ActionAid International in addition to a number of farmer organisations and human rights organisations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;TheEcologist.org, 19 January, 2018, https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private&#039;,
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&#039;Climate smart agriculture&#039; has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real,...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-TheEcologist.org&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#039;Climate smart agriculture&#039; has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real, grassroots led, change, ask PETER NEWELL, JENNIFER CLAPP and ZOE BRENT &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The race is on to deliver models of agricultural development that are viable and sustainable in a world of accelerated climate change.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The urgency derives from the fact that the food and agriculture sector is both a major contributor to climate change and especially vulnerable to its worst impacts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most studies estimate that between 20-35 percent of anthropogenic greenhouse gases are associated with the food and agriculture sector, while some have it as high as 50 percent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Industrial model&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And as drought and extreme weather events associated with climate change increase, the livelihoods of a huge proportion of the world&amp;rsquo;s population &amp;ndash; over 2.5 billion people &amp;ndash; who make their living from the sector are on the line. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Against this background the idea of &amp;lsquo;climate smart agriculture&amp;rsquo; increasingly features in high level policy discussions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Climate smart agriculture (CSA) describes interventions that generate &amp;lsquo;triple wins&amp;rsquo;: that make agriculture more resilient to the effects of climate change, in ways that reduce poverty and increase yields, while at the same time reducing the substantial emissions created by the agricultural sector.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These goals are widely accepted, but there are vastly different models on offer for how to achieve them, each vying to come out on top. The stakes are enormous, as the model that dominates will shape the future of agriculture for years to come. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One view, already dominant in policy circles, seeks to apply &amp;lsquo;fixes&amp;rsquo; to the existing industrial model of agriculture to make it more sustainable.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Questionable sustainability&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This model employs a suite of modern technologies and practices including genetic engineering, biofuels, biochar, and increased use of fertilisers that will deliver a &amp;lsquo;sustainable intensification&amp;rsquo; of production.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This approach is underpinned by Malthusian assumptions about growing populations and dwindling fertile land, asserting that &amp;lsquo;we&amp;rsquo; need to extract more with less to sustainably &amp;lsquo;feed the world&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The main champions of this dominant approach are the World Bank, UN bodies such as Food and Agriculture Organisation and the International Fund for Agriculture and Development (IFAD) and large agribusiness corporations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They find it attractive because it requires only slight changes to business as usual, while providing new opportunities for profit.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CSA projects provide a convenient cover for attempts to introduce controversial technologies into new markets or gain access to growing markets for their products, with questionable sustainabilty impacts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Food companies&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lsquo;Climate smart&amp;rsquo; projects such as Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA), for example, establish smallholder dependence on Monsanto&amp;rsquo;s specially developed proprietary hybrid seeds. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Not surprisingly, this version of CSA is rapidly being adopted and promoted by transnational business interests, and endorsed by international agencies and initiatives.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Headline CSA programmes such as the GACSA (Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture) and EPIC (Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture) focus explicitly on engaging commercial actors, and CSA is increasingly being mainstreamed into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Global firms such as McDonald&amp;rsquo;s and Kellogg&amp;rsquo;s, for example, have made commitments to &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; approaches as part of the GACSA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wal-Mart, meanwhile, has announced its own &amp;lsquo;Climate&amp;nbsp; Smart Agriculture Platform&amp;rsquo; in partnership with its suppliers and well-known food companies like General Mills and PepsiCo, promising to drive the &amp;lsquo;adoption of best practices in agriculture&amp;rsquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Different perspective&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fertiliser companies such as Yara, Mosaic and Haifa Chemicals Ltd are also among the members of GASCA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These companies are joined by a number of fertiliser lobby groups such as Fertilisers Europe and the Fertiliser Institute, as well as NGOs partnered with fertiliser companies such as Agriculture for Impact.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Their involvement reflects the fact that nitrogen fertilisers require an enormous amount of energy to produce; fertiliser production accounts for 1-2 percent of total global energy consumption and produces about the same share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Embracing CSA through such initiatives allows these firms to claim to be part of the solution, rather than a major source of the problem.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A fundamentally different perspective on what makes agriculture &amp;lsquo;climate smart&amp;rsquo; comes from a mix of social movements, farmers&amp;rsquo; organisations such as Via Campesina, small-scale fishers, NGO alliances and academic researchers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Organic food&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These groups are heavily critical of the mainstream CSA discourse, which they see as only further entrenching unsustainable and unjust practices.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example, the civil society group &amp;lsquo;Climate Smart Agriculture Concerns&amp;rsquo; first came together in late 2014 to reject the premise of CSA as a form of corporate greenwashing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Among its members are La V&amp;iacute;a Campesina, Greenpeace, ActionAid International in addition to a number of farmer organisations and human rights organisations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private&quot; title=&quot;https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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                <strong>Will &#039;climate smart agriculture&#039; serve the public interest - or the drive for growing profits for private corporations? -Peter Newell, Jennifer Clapp &amp; Zoe W Brent</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-TheEcologist.org<br /><em><br />'Climate smart agriculture' has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real, grassroots led, change, ask PETER NEWELL, JENNIFER CLAPP and ZOE BRENT <br /></em><br />The race is on to deliver models of agricultural development that are viable and sustainable in a world of accelerated climate change.<br /><br />The urgency derives from the fact that the food and agriculture sector is both a major contributor to climate change and especially vulnerable to its worst impacts.<br /><br />Most studies estimate that between 20-35 percent of anthropogenic greenhouse gases are associated with the food and agriculture sector, while some have it as high as 50 percent.<br /><br /><em>Industrial model<br /></em><br />And as drought and extreme weather events associated with climate change increase, the livelihoods of a huge proportion of the world&rsquo;s population &ndash; over 2.5 billion people &ndash; who make their living from the sector are on the line. &nbsp;<br /><br />Against this background the idea of &lsquo;climate smart agriculture&rsquo; increasingly features in high level policy discussions.<br /><br />Climate smart agriculture (CSA) describes interventions that generate &lsquo;triple wins&rsquo;: that make agriculture more resilient to the effects of climate change, in ways that reduce poverty and increase yields, while at the same time reducing the substantial emissions created by the agricultural sector.<br /><br />These goals are widely accepted, but there are vastly different models on offer for how to achieve them, each vying to come out on top. The stakes are enormous, as the model that dominates will shape the future of agriculture for years to come. <br /><br />One view, already dominant in policy circles, seeks to apply &lsquo;fixes&rsquo; to the existing industrial model of agriculture to make it more sustainable.<br /><br /><em>Questionable sustainability<br /></em><br />This model employs a suite of modern technologies and practices including genetic engineering, biofuels, biochar, and increased use of fertilisers that will deliver a &lsquo;sustainable intensification&rsquo; of production.<br /><br />This approach is underpinned by Malthusian assumptions about growing populations and dwindling fertile land, asserting that &lsquo;we&rsquo; need to extract more with less to sustainably &lsquo;feed the world&rsquo;. <br /><br />The main champions of this dominant approach are the World Bank, UN bodies such as Food and Agriculture Organisation and the International Fund for Agriculture and Development (IFAD) and large agribusiness corporations.<br /><br />They find it attractive because it requires only slight changes to business as usual, while providing new opportunities for profit.<br /><br />CSA projects provide a convenient cover for attempts to introduce controversial technologies into new markets or gain access to growing markets for their products, with questionable sustainabilty impacts.<br /><br /><em>Food companies<br /></em><br />&lsquo;Climate smart&rsquo; projects such as Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA), for example, establish smallholder dependence on Monsanto&rsquo;s specially developed proprietary hybrid seeds. <br /><br />Not surprisingly, this version of CSA is rapidly being adopted and promoted by transnational business interests, and endorsed by international agencies and initiatives.<br /><br />Headline CSA programmes such as the GACSA (Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture) and EPIC (Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture) focus explicitly on engaging commercial actors, and CSA is increasingly being mainstreamed into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).<br /><br />Global firms such as McDonald&rsquo;s and Kellogg&rsquo;s, for example, have made commitments to &lsquo;climate smart&rsquo; approaches as part of the GACSA.<br /><br />Wal-Mart, meanwhile, has announced its own &lsquo;Climate&nbsp; Smart Agriculture Platform&rsquo; in partnership with its suppliers and well-known food companies like General Mills and PepsiCo, promising to drive the &lsquo;adoption of best practices in agriculture&rsquo;. <br /><br /><em>Different perspective<br /></em><br />Fertiliser companies such as Yara, Mosaic and Haifa Chemicals Ltd are also among the members of GASCA.<br /><br />These companies are joined by a number of fertiliser lobby groups such as Fertilisers Europe and the Fertiliser Institute, as well as NGOs partnered with fertiliser companies such as Agriculture for Impact.<br /><br />Their involvement reflects the fact that nitrogen fertilisers require an enormous amount of energy to produce; fertiliser production accounts for 1-2 percent of total global energy consumption and produces about the same share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.<br /><br />Embracing CSA through such initiatives allows these firms to claim to be part of the solution, rather than a major source of the problem.<br /><br />A fundamentally different perspective on what makes agriculture &lsquo;climate smart&rsquo; comes from a mix of social movements, farmers&rsquo; organisations such as Via Campesina, small-scale fishers, NGO alliances and academic researchers.<br /><br /><em>Organic food<br /></em><br />These groups are heavily critical of the mainstream CSA discourse, which they see as only further entrenching unsustainable and unjust practices.<br /><br />For example, the civil society group &lsquo;Climate Smart Agriculture Concerns&rsquo; first came together in late 2014 to reject the premise of CSA as a form of corporate greenwashing.<br /><br />Among its members are La V&iacute;a Campesina, Greenpeace, ActionAid International in addition to a number of farmer organisations and human rights organisations.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private" title="https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-TheEcologist.org<br />
<em><br />
'Climate smart agriculture' has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real, grassroots led, change, ask PETER NEWELL, JENNIFER CLAPP and ZOE BRENT <br />
</em><br />
The race is on to deliver models of agricultural development that are viable and sustainable in a world of accelerated climate change.<br />
<br />
The urgency derives from the fact that the food and agriculture sector is both a major contributor to climate change and especially vulnerable to its worst impacts.<br />
<br />
Most studies estimate that between 20-35 percent of anthropogenic greenhouse gases are associated with the food and agriculture sector, while some have it as high as 50 percent.<br />
<br />
<em>Industrial model<br />
</em><br />
And as drought and extreme weather events associated with climate change increase, the livelihoods of a huge proportion of the world&rsquo;s population &ndash; over 2.5 billion people &ndash; who make their living from the sector are on the line. &nbsp;<br />
<br />
Against this background the idea of &lsquo;climate smart agriculture&rsquo; increasingly features in high level policy discussions.<br />
<br />
Climate smart agriculture (CSA) describes interventions that generate &lsquo;triple wins&rsquo;: that make agriculture more resilient to the effects of climate change, in ways that reduce poverty and increase yields, while at the same time reducing the substantial emissions created by the agricultural sector.<br />
<br />
These goals are widely accepted, but there are vastly different models on offer for how to achieve them, each vying to come out on top. The stakes are enormous, as the model that dominates will shape the future of agriculture for years to come. <br />
<br />
One view, already dominant in policy circles, seeks to apply &lsquo;fixes&rsquo; to the existing industrial model of agriculture to make it more sustainable.<br />
<br />
<em>Questionable sustainability<br />
</em><br />
This model employs a suite of modern technologies and practices including genetic engineering, biofuels, biochar, and increased use of fertilisers that will deliver a &lsquo;sustainable intensification&rsquo; of production.<br />
<br />
This approach is underpinned by Malthusian assumptions about growing populations and dwindling fertile land, asserting that &lsquo;we&rsquo; need to extract more with less to sustainably &lsquo;feed the world&rsquo;. <br />
<br />
The main champions of this dominant approach are the World Bank, UN bodies such as Food and Agriculture Organisation and the International Fund for Agriculture and Development (IFAD) and large agribusiness corporations.<br />
<br />
They find it attractive because it requires only slight changes to business as usual, while providing new opportunities for profit.<br />
<br />
CSA projects provide a convenient cover for attempts to introduce controversial technologies into new markets or gain access to growing markets for their products, with questionable sustainabilty impacts.<br />
<br />
<em>Food companies<br />
</em><br />
&lsquo;Climate smart&rsquo; projects such as Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA), for example, establish smallholder dependence on Monsanto&rsquo;s specially developed proprietary hybrid seeds. <br />
<br />
Not surprisingly, this version of CSA is rapidly being adopted and promoted by transnational business interests, and endorsed by international agencies and initiatives.<br />
<br />
Headline CSA programmes such as the GACSA (Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture) and EPIC (Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture) focus explicitly on engaging commercial actors, and CSA is increasingly being mainstreamed into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).<br />
<br />
Global firms such as McDonald&rsquo;s and Kellogg&rsquo;s, for example, have made commitments to &lsquo;climate smart&rsquo; approaches as part of the GACSA.<br />
<br />
Wal-Mart, meanwhile, has announced its own &lsquo;Climate&nbsp; Smart Agriculture Platform&rsquo; in partnership with its suppliers and well-known food companies like General Mills and PepsiCo, promising to drive the &lsquo;adoption of best practices in agriculture&rsquo;. <br />
<br />
<em>Different perspective<br />
</em><br />
Fertiliser companies such as Yara, Mosaic and Haifa Chemicals Ltd are also among the members of GASCA.<br />
<br />
These companies are joined by a number of fertiliser lobby groups such as Fertilisers Europe and the Fertiliser Institute, as well as NGOs partnered with fertiliser companies such as Agriculture for Impact.<br />
<br />
Their involvement reflects the fact that nitrogen fertilisers require an enormous amount of energy to produce; fertiliser production accounts for 1-2 percent of total global energy consumption and produces about the same share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.<br />
<br />
Embracing CSA through such initiatives allows these firms to claim to be part of the solution, rather than a major source of the problem.<br />
<br />
A fundamentally different perspective on what makes agriculture &lsquo;climate smart&rsquo; comes from a mix of social movements, farmers&rsquo; organisations such as Via Campesina, small-scale fishers, NGO alliances and academic researchers.<br />
<br />
<em>Organic food<br />
</em><br />
These groups are heavily critical of the mainstream CSA discourse, which they see as only further entrenching unsustainable and unjust practices.<br />
<br />
For example, the civil society group &lsquo;Climate Smart Agriculture Concerns&rsquo; first came together in late 2014 to reject the premise of CSA as a form of corporate greenwashing.<br />
<br />
Among its members are La V&iacute;a Campesina, Greenpeace, ActionAid International in addition to a number of farmer organisations and human rights organisations.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
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'Climate smart agriculture' has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real,...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-TheEcologist.org<br /><em><br />'Climate smart agriculture' has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real, grassroots led, change, ask PETER NEWELL, JENNIFER CLAPP and ZOE BRENT <br /></em><br />The race is on to deliver models of agricultural development that are viable and sustainable in a world of accelerated climate change.<br /><br />The urgency derives from the fact that the food and agriculture sector is both a major contributor to climate change and especially vulnerable to its worst impacts.<br /><br />Most studies estimate that between 20-35 percent of anthropogenic greenhouse gases are associated with the food and agriculture sector, while some have it as high as 50 percent.<br /><br /><em>Industrial model<br /></em><br />And as drought and extreme weather events associated with climate change increase, the livelihoods of a huge proportion of the world&rsquo;s population &ndash; over 2.5 billion people &ndash; who make their living from the sector are on the line. &nbsp;<br /><br />Against this background the idea of &lsquo;climate smart agriculture&rsquo; increasingly features in high level policy discussions.<br /><br />Climate smart agriculture (CSA) describes interventions that generate &lsquo;triple wins&rsquo;: that make agriculture more resilient to the effects of climate change, in ways that reduce poverty and increase yields, while at the same time reducing the substantial emissions created by the agricultural sector.<br /><br />These goals are widely accepted, but there are vastly different models on offer for how to achieve them, each vying to come out on top. The stakes are enormous, as the model that dominates will shape the future of agriculture for years to come. <br /><br />One view, already dominant in policy circles, seeks to apply &lsquo;fixes&rsquo; to the existing industrial model of agriculture to make it more sustainable.<br /><br /><em>Questionable sustainability<br /></em><br />This model employs a suite of modern technologies and practices including genetic engineering, biofuels, biochar, and increased use of fertilisers that will deliver a &lsquo;sustainable intensification&rsquo; of production.<br /><br />This approach is underpinned by Malthusian assumptions about growing populations and dwindling fertile land, asserting that &lsquo;we&rsquo; need to extract more with less to sustainably &lsquo;feed the world&rsquo;. <br /><br />The main champions of this dominant approach are the World Bank, UN bodies such as Food and Agriculture Organisation and the International Fund for Agriculture and Development (IFAD) and large agribusiness corporations.<br /><br />They find it attractive because it requires only slight changes to business as usual, while providing new opportunities for profit.<br /><br />CSA projects provide a convenient cover for attempts to introduce controversial technologies into new markets or gain access to growing markets for their products, with questionable sustainabilty impacts.<br /><br /><em>Food companies<br /></em><br />&lsquo;Climate smart&rsquo; projects such as Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA), for example, establish smallholder dependence on Monsanto&rsquo;s specially developed proprietary hybrid seeds. <br /><br />Not surprisingly, this version of CSA is rapidly being adopted and promoted by transnational business interests, and endorsed by international agencies and initiatives.<br /><br />Headline CSA programmes such as the GACSA (Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture) and EPIC (Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture) focus explicitly on engaging commercial actors, and CSA is increasingly being mainstreamed into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).<br /><br />Global firms such as McDonald&rsquo;s and Kellogg&rsquo;s, for example, have made commitments to &lsquo;climate smart&rsquo; approaches as part of the GACSA.<br /><br />Wal-Mart, meanwhile, has announced its own &lsquo;Climate&nbsp; Smart Agriculture Platform&rsquo; in partnership with its suppliers and well-known food companies like General Mills and PepsiCo, promising to drive the &lsquo;adoption of best practices in agriculture&rsquo;. <br /><br /><em>Different perspective<br /></em><br />Fertiliser companies such as Yara, Mosaic and Haifa Chemicals Ltd are also among the members of GASCA.<br /><br />These companies are joined by a number of fertiliser lobby groups such as Fertilisers Europe and the Fertiliser Institute, as well as NGOs partnered with fertiliser companies such as Agriculture for Impact.<br /><br />Their involvement reflects the fact that nitrogen fertilisers require an enormous amount of energy to produce; fertiliser production accounts for 1-2 percent of total global energy consumption and produces about the same share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.<br /><br />Embracing CSA through such initiatives allows these firms to claim to be part of the solution, rather than a major source of the problem.<br /><br />A fundamentally different perspective on what makes agriculture &lsquo;climate smart&rsquo; comes from a mix of social movements, farmers&rsquo; organisations such as Via Campesina, small-scale fishers, NGO alliances and academic researchers.<br /><br /><em>Organic food<br /></em><br />These groups are heavily critical of the mainstream CSA discourse, which they see as only further entrenching unsustainable and unjust practices.<br /><br />For example, the civil society group &lsquo;Climate Smart Agriculture Concerns&rsquo; first came together in late 2014 to reject the premise of CSA as a form of corporate greenwashing.<br /><br />Among its members are La V&iacute;a Campesina, Greenpeace, ActionAid International in addition to a number of farmer organisations and human rights organisations.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private" title="https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>',
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	'title' => 'Will &#039;climate smart agriculture&#039; serve the public interest - or the drive for growing profits for private corporations? -Peter Newell, Jennifer Clapp &amp; Zoe W Brent',
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-TheEcologist.org<br />
<em><br />
'Climate smart agriculture' has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real, grassroots led, change, ask PETER NEWELL, JENNIFER CLAPP and ZOE BRENT <br />
</em><br />
The race is on to deliver models of agricultural development that are viable and sustainable in a world of accelerated climate change.<br />
<br />
The urgency derives from the fact that the food and agriculture sector is both a major contributor to climate change and especially vulnerable to its worst impacts.<br />
<br />
Most studies estimate that between 20-35 percent of anthropogenic greenhouse gases are associated with the food and agriculture sector, while some have it as high as 50 percent.<br />
<br />
<em>Industrial model<br />
</em><br />
And as drought and extreme weather events associated with climate change increase, the livelihoods of a huge proportion of the world&rsquo;s population &ndash; over 2.5 billion people &ndash; who make their living from the sector are on the line. &nbsp;<br />
<br />
Against this background the idea of &lsquo;climate smart agriculture&rsquo; increasingly features in high level policy discussions.<br />
<br />
Climate smart agriculture (CSA) describes interventions that generate &lsquo;triple wins&rsquo;: that make agriculture more resilient to the effects of climate change, in ways that reduce poverty and increase yields, while at the same time reducing the substantial emissions created by the agricultural sector.<br />
<br />
These goals are widely accepted, but there are vastly different models on offer for how to achieve them, each vying to come out on top. The stakes are enormous, as the model that dominates will shape the future of agriculture for years to come. <br />
<br />
One view, already dominant in policy circles, seeks to apply &lsquo;fixes&rsquo; to the existing industrial model of agriculture to make it more sustainable.<br />
<br />
<em>Questionable sustainability<br />
</em><br />
This model employs a suite of modern technologies and practices including genetic engineering, biofuels, biochar, and increased use of fertilisers that will deliver a &lsquo;sustainable intensification&rsquo; of production.<br />
<br />
This approach is underpinned by Malthusian assumptions about growing populations and dwindling fertile land, asserting that &lsquo;we&rsquo; need to extract more with less to sustainably &lsquo;feed the world&rsquo;. <br />
<br />
The main champions of this dominant approach are the World Bank, UN bodies such as Food and Agriculture Organisation and the International Fund for Agriculture and Development (IFAD) and large agribusiness corporations.<br />
<br />
They find it attractive because it requires only slight changes to business as usual, while providing new opportunities for profit.<br />
<br />
CSA projects provide a convenient cover for attempts to introduce controversial technologies into new markets or gain access to growing markets for their products, with questionable sustainabilty impacts.<br />
<br />
<em>Food companies<br />
</em><br />
&lsquo;Climate smart&rsquo; projects such as Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA), for example, establish smallholder dependence on Monsanto&rsquo;s specially developed proprietary hybrid seeds. <br />
<br />
Not surprisingly, this version of CSA is rapidly being adopted and promoted by transnational business interests, and endorsed by international agencies and initiatives.<br />
<br />
Headline CSA programmes such as the GACSA (Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture) and EPIC (Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture) focus explicitly on engaging commercial actors, and CSA is increasingly being mainstreamed into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).<br />
<br />
Global firms such as McDonald&rsquo;s and Kellogg&rsquo;s, for example, have made commitments to &lsquo;climate smart&rsquo; approaches as part of the GACSA.<br />
<br />
Wal-Mart, meanwhile, has announced its own &lsquo;Climate&nbsp; Smart Agriculture Platform&rsquo; in partnership with its suppliers and well-known food companies like General Mills and PepsiCo, promising to drive the &lsquo;adoption of best practices in agriculture&rsquo;. <br />
<br />
<em>Different perspective<br />
</em><br />
Fertiliser companies such as Yara, Mosaic and Haifa Chemicals Ltd are also among the members of GASCA.<br />
<br />
These companies are joined by a number of fertiliser lobby groups such as Fertilisers Europe and the Fertiliser Institute, as well as NGOs partnered with fertiliser companies such as Agriculture for Impact.<br />
<br />
Their involvement reflects the fact that nitrogen fertilisers require an enormous amount of energy to produce; fertiliser production accounts for 1-2 percent of total global energy consumption and produces about the same share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.<br />
<br />
Embracing CSA through such initiatives allows these firms to claim to be part of the solution, rather than a major source of the problem.<br />
<br />
A fundamentally different perspective on what makes agriculture &lsquo;climate smart&rsquo; comes from a mix of social movements, farmers&rsquo; organisations such as Via Campesina, small-scale fishers, NGO alliances and academic researchers.<br />
<br />
<em>Organic food<br />
</em><br />
These groups are heavily critical of the mainstream CSA discourse, which they see as only further entrenching unsustainable and unjust practices.<br />
<br />
For example, the civil society group &lsquo;Climate Smart Agriculture Concerns&rsquo; first came together in late 2014 to reject the premise of CSA as a form of corporate greenwashing.<br />
<br />
Among its members are La V&iacute;a Campesina, Greenpeace, ActionAid International in addition to a number of farmer organisations and human rights organisations.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
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-TheEcologist.org

'Climate smart agriculture' has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real,...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-TheEcologist.org<br /><em><br />'Climate smart agriculture' has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real, grassroots led, change, ask PETER NEWELL, JENNIFER CLAPP and ZOE BRENT <br /></em><br />The race is on to deliver models of agricultural development that are viable and sustainable in a world of accelerated climate change.<br /><br />The urgency derives from the fact that the food and agriculture sector is both a major contributor to climate change and especially vulnerable to its worst impacts.<br /><br />Most studies estimate that between 20-35 percent of anthropogenic greenhouse gases are associated with the food and agriculture sector, while some have it as high as 50 percent.<br /><br /><em>Industrial model<br /></em><br />And as drought and extreme weather events associated with climate change increase, the livelihoods of a huge proportion of the world&rsquo;s population &ndash; over 2.5 billion people &ndash; who make their living from the sector are on the line. &nbsp;<br /><br />Against this background the idea of &lsquo;climate smart agriculture&rsquo; increasingly features in high level policy discussions.<br /><br />Climate smart agriculture (CSA) describes interventions that generate &lsquo;triple wins&rsquo;: that make agriculture more resilient to the effects of climate change, in ways that reduce poverty and increase yields, while at the same time reducing the substantial emissions created by the agricultural sector.<br /><br />These goals are widely accepted, but there are vastly different models on offer for how to achieve them, each vying to come out on top. The stakes are enormous, as the model that dominates will shape the future of agriculture for years to come. <br /><br />One view, already dominant in policy circles, seeks to apply &lsquo;fixes&rsquo; to the existing industrial model of agriculture to make it more sustainable.<br /><br /><em>Questionable sustainability<br /></em><br />This model employs a suite of modern technologies and practices including genetic engineering, biofuels, biochar, and increased use of fertilisers that will deliver a &lsquo;sustainable intensification&rsquo; of production.<br /><br />This approach is underpinned by Malthusian assumptions about growing populations and dwindling fertile land, asserting that &lsquo;we&rsquo; need to extract more with less to sustainably &lsquo;feed the world&rsquo;. <br /><br />The main champions of this dominant approach are the World Bank, UN bodies such as Food and Agriculture Organisation and the International Fund for Agriculture and Development (IFAD) and large agribusiness corporations.<br /><br />They find it attractive because it requires only slight changes to business as usual, while providing new opportunities for profit.<br /><br />CSA projects provide a convenient cover for attempts to introduce controversial technologies into new markets or gain access to growing markets for their products, with questionable sustainabilty impacts.<br /><br /><em>Food companies<br /></em><br />&lsquo;Climate smart&rsquo; projects such as Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA), for example, establish smallholder dependence on Monsanto&rsquo;s specially developed proprietary hybrid seeds. <br /><br />Not surprisingly, this version of CSA is rapidly being adopted and promoted by transnational business interests, and endorsed by international agencies and initiatives.<br /><br />Headline CSA programmes such as the GACSA (Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture) and EPIC (Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture) focus explicitly on engaging commercial actors, and CSA is increasingly being mainstreamed into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).<br /><br />Global firms such as McDonald&rsquo;s and Kellogg&rsquo;s, for example, have made commitments to &lsquo;climate smart&rsquo; approaches as part of the GACSA.<br /><br />Wal-Mart, meanwhile, has announced its own &lsquo;Climate&nbsp; Smart Agriculture Platform&rsquo; in partnership with its suppliers and well-known food companies like General Mills and PepsiCo, promising to drive the &lsquo;adoption of best practices in agriculture&rsquo;. <br /><br /><em>Different perspective<br /></em><br />Fertiliser companies such as Yara, Mosaic and Haifa Chemicals Ltd are also among the members of GASCA.<br /><br />These companies are joined by a number of fertiliser lobby groups such as Fertilisers Europe and the Fertiliser Institute, as well as NGOs partnered with fertiliser companies such as Agriculture for Impact.<br /><br />Their involvement reflects the fact that nitrogen fertilisers require an enormous amount of energy to produce; fertiliser production accounts for 1-2 percent of total global energy consumption and produces about the same share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.<br /><br />Embracing CSA through such initiatives allows these firms to claim to be part of the solution, rather than a major source of the problem.<br /><br />A fundamentally different perspective on what makes agriculture &lsquo;climate smart&rsquo; comes from a mix of social movements, farmers&rsquo; organisations such as Via Campesina, small-scale fishers, NGO alliances and academic researchers.<br /><br /><em>Organic food<br /></em><br />These groups are heavily critical of the mainstream CSA discourse, which they see as only further entrenching unsustainable and unjust practices.<br /><br />For example, the civil society group &lsquo;Climate Smart Agriculture Concerns&rsquo; first came together in late 2014 to reject the premise of CSA as a form of corporate greenwashing.<br /><br />Among its members are La V&iacute;a Campesina, Greenpeace, ActionAid International in addition to a number of farmer organisations and human rights organisations.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private" title="https://theecologist.org/2018/jan/19/will-climate-smart-agriculture-serve-public-interest-or-drive-growing-profits-private">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>'
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Will 'climate smart agriculture' serve the public interest - or the drive for growing profits for private corporations? -Peter Newell, Jennifer Clapp & Zoe W Brent

-TheEcologist.org 'Climate smart agriculture' has become the buzz phrase at high level international policy discussions. But now there is a struggle over its definition. Is it the latest manifestation for corporate social responsibility or the title of a manifesto for real, grassroots led, change, ask PETER NEWELL, JENNIFER CLAPP and ZOE BRENT The race is on to deliver models of agricultural development that are viable and sustainable in a world of accelerated climate change. The urgency derives from the fact that the food and agriculture sector is both a major contributor to climate change and especially vulnerable to its worst impacts. Most studies estimate that between 20-35 percent of anthropogenic greenhouse gases are associated with the food and agriculture sector, while some have it as high as 50 percent. Industrial model And as drought and extreme weather events associated with climate change increase, the livelihoods of a huge proportion of the world’s population – over 2.5 billion people – who make their living from the sector are on the line.   Against this background the idea of ‘climate smart agriculture’ increasingly features in high level policy discussions. Climate smart agriculture (CSA) describes interventions that generate ‘triple wins’: that make agriculture more resilient to the effects of climate change, in ways that reduce poverty and increase yields, while at the same time reducing the substantial emissions created by the agricultural sector. These goals are widely accepted, but there are vastly different models on offer for how to achieve them, each vying to come out on top. The stakes are enormous, as the model that dominates will shape the future of agriculture for years to come. One view, already dominant in policy circles, seeks to apply ‘fixes’ to the existing industrial model of agriculture to make it more sustainable. Questionable sustainability This model employs a suite of modern technologies and practices including genetic engineering, biofuels, biochar, and increased use of fertilisers that will deliver a ‘sustainable intensification’ of production. This approach is underpinned by Malthusian assumptions about growing populations and dwindling fertile land, asserting that ‘we’ need to extract more with less to sustainably ‘feed the world’. The main champions of this dominant approach are the World Bank, UN bodies such as Food and Agriculture Organisation and the International Fund for Agriculture and Development (IFAD) and large agribusiness corporations. They find it attractive because it requires only slight changes to business as usual, while providing new opportunities for profit. CSA projects provide a convenient cover for attempts to introduce controversial technologies into new markets or gain access to growing markets for their products, with questionable sustainabilty impacts. Food companies ‘Climate smart’ projects such as Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA), for example, establish smallholder dependence on Monsanto’s specially developed proprietary hybrid seeds. Not surprisingly, this version of CSA is rapidly being adopted and promoted by transnational business interests, and endorsed by international agencies and initiatives. Headline CSA programmes such as the GACSA (Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture) and EPIC (Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture) focus explicitly on engaging commercial actors, and CSA is increasingly being mainstreamed into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Global firms such as McDonald’s and Kellogg’s, for example, have made commitments to ‘climate smart’ approaches as part of the GACSA. Wal-Mart, meanwhile, has announced its own ‘Climate  Smart Agriculture Platform’ in partnership with its suppliers and well-known food companies like General Mills and PepsiCo, promising to drive the ‘adoption of best practices in agriculture’. Different perspective Fertiliser companies such as Yara, Mosaic and Haifa Chemicals Ltd are also among the members of GASCA. These companies are joined by a number of fertiliser lobby groups such as Fertilisers Europe and the Fertiliser Institute, as well as NGOs partnered with fertiliser companies such as Agriculture for Impact. Their involvement reflects the fact that nitrogen fertilisers require an enormous amount of energy to produce; fertiliser production accounts for 1-2 percent of total global energy consumption and produces about the same share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Embracing CSA through such initiatives allows these firms to claim to be part of the solution, rather than a major source of the problem. A fundamentally different perspective on what makes agriculture ‘climate smart’ comes from a mix of social movements, farmers’ organisations such as Via Campesina, small-scale fishers, NGO alliances and academic researchers. Organic food These groups are heavily critical of the mainstream CSA discourse, which they see as only further entrenching unsustainable and unjust practices. For example, the civil society group ‘Climate Smart Agriculture Concerns’ first came together in late 2014 to reject the premise of CSA as a form of corporate greenwashing. Among its members are La Vía Campesina, Greenpeace, ActionAid International in addition to a number of farmer organisations and human rights organisations. Please click here to read more.