Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f173e0b0e4a-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f173e0b0e4a-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f173e0b0e4a-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f173e0b0e4a-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f173e0b0e4a-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f173e0b0e4a-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f173e0b0e4a-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f173e0b0e4a-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
A fresh study conducted by D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena reveals that at a time when the issues of ethnic and racial inequalities is being discussed all over the world, our score is as pathetic as can be (see the link below for more info)even though caste-based discriminationis officially illegal in India. The im4change team strongly recommends that all journalists must read this study.It is noteworthy that the study covers both private and public sector firms that are publicly listed.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Carried in the prestigious Economic and Political Weekly, the study is an examination of the caste diversity of Indian corporate boards of a thousand top Indian companies listed in the top stock indices in India for the year 2010. These companies account for four-fifth of the market capitalisation of all listed companies measured by Blau Index. The big finding of the study is that there is no diversity in Indian boardrooms at all and the entire private sector is monopolised by a handful of upper castes. (The Blau Index is a diversity Index extensively used in social sciences which measures the probability of social mobility of individuals chosen from different backgrounds. The study titled &amp;quot;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&amp;quot; uses the median score on the basis of the Blau Index)
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The study says that &amp;quot;Indian corporate boards continue to remain &amp;lsquo;old boys clubs&#039; based on caste affiliation rather than on other considerations (like merit or experience).&amp;quot; According to the authors, &amp;quot;the study is a preliminary attempt to understand the influence of castein determining corporate control in India. In the process, it indirectly evaluates the progress made by 60 years of affirmative actionin promoting educational, job and social mobility in the Indian society.&amp;quot;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The authors painstakingly identified all given surnames of board membersthrough social networks. It reveals that about 93 per cent board members belonged to the forward castes. Among the most important questions the study raises is whether the auditors to these companies are also selected on the basis of the same caste affiliations which workfor the appointment of board members. Another important question is whether the companies&#039; boards need to reflect the diversity of their clientele? How many women are present in these boards is anybody&#039;s guess.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE GO TO THE LINKS BELOW:
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Corporate Boards in India&quot;&gt;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&lt;/a&gt; -D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, August 11, 2012, Vol xlvii, No. 31
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Missing from the Indian newsroom by Robin Jefrey, The Hindu, 9 April, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Akerlof, A G (1976): &amp;quot;The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales&amp;quot;, Quarterly, Journal of Economics, 90: 599-617, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Balasubramaniam, J (2011): &amp;quot;Dalits and a Lack of Diversity in the Newsroom&amp;quot;, Economic and Political Weekly, March 12, 2011, Vol xlvi, No 11, &lt;a href=&quot;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&quot;&gt;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul&lt;br /&gt;
1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Beteille, A (2012): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;The peculiar tenacity of caste&quot;&gt;The Peculiar Tenacity of Caste&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 44, 41-48,
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Desai, S (2010): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Sonal desai Caste and Census&quot;&gt;Caste and Census: A Forward Looking Strategy&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 42: 10-13
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Jodhka, S (2010): &amp;quot;Dalits in Business: Self-Employed Scheduled Castes inNorth-West India&amp;quot;, Working Paper Series, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Majumder, Rajarshi (2010): Intergenerational mobility in educational &amp;amp; occupational attainment: a comparative study of social classes in India, Margin , Vol. 4, No. 4 (November), &lt;a href=&quot;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&quot;&gt;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Thorat, S and K S Newman (2007): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and Economic Discrimination&quot;&gt;Caste and Economic Discrimination: Causes, Consequences and Remedies&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 39: 4121-24
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Thorat, S and N Sadana (2009): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and ownership of private enterprises&quot;&gt;Caste and Ownership of Private Enterprises&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 41: 13-16
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html&quot;&gt;Caste can turn&lt;/a&gt; a boardroom into a classroom-Aakar Patel, Live Mint, 4 September, 2012&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075&quot;&gt;Bite The Caste&lt;/a&gt; Bullet-Naren Karunakaran, Outlook, 2 May, 2009 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Image courtesy: The Hindu, click &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; 
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Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.



A fresh...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;A fresh study conducted by D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena reveals that at a time when the issues of ethnic and racial inequalities is being discussed all over the world, our score is as pathetic as can be (see the link below for more info)even though caste-based discriminationis officially illegal in India. The im4change team strongly recommends that all journalists must read this study.It is noteworthy that the study covers both private and public sector firms that are publicly listed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Carried in the prestigious Economic and Political Weekly, the study is an examination of the caste diversity of Indian corporate boards of a thousand top Indian companies listed in the top stock indices in India for the year 2010. These companies account for four-fifth of the market capitalisation of all listed companies measured by Blau Index. The big finding of the study is that there is no diversity in Indian boardrooms at all and the entire private sector is monopolised by a handful of upper castes. (The Blau Index is a diversity Index extensively used in social sciences which measures the probability of social mobility of individuals chosen from different backgrounds. The study titled &amp;quot;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&amp;quot; uses the median score on the basis of the Blau Index)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The study says that &amp;quot;Indian corporate boards continue to remain &amp;lsquo;old boys clubs&#039; based on caste affiliation rather than on other considerations (like merit or experience).&amp;quot; According to the authors, &amp;quot;the study is a preliminary attempt to understand the influence of castein determining corporate control in India. In the process, it indirectly evaluates the progress made by 60 years of affirmative actionin promoting educational, job and social mobility in the Indian society.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The authors painstakingly identified all given surnames of board membersthrough social networks. It reveals that about 93 per cent board members belonged to the forward castes. Among the most important questions the study raises is whether the auditors to these companies are also selected on the basis of the same caste affiliations which workfor the appointment of board members. Another important question is whether the companies&#039; boards need to reflect the diversity of their clientele? How many women are present in these boards is anybody&#039;s guess.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE GO TO THE LINKS BELOW:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Corporate Boards in India&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Corporate Boards in India&quot;&gt;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&lt;/a&gt; -D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, August 11, 2012, Vol xlvii, No. 31&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Missing from the Indian newsroom by Robin Jefrey, The Hindu, 9 April, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indi&lt;br /&gt;an-newsroom/article3294285.ece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Akerlof, A G (1976): &amp;quot;The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales&amp;quot;, Quarterly, Journal of Economics, 90: 599-617, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Balasubramaniam, J (2011): &amp;quot;Dalits and a Lack of Diversity in the Newsroom&amp;quot;, Economic and Political Weekly, March 12, 2011, Vol xlvi, No 11, &lt;a href=&quot;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&quot;&gt;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2&lt;br /&gt;bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKq&lt;br /&gt;QhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Beteille, A (2012): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;The peculiar tenacity of caste&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;The peculiar tenacity of caste&quot;&gt;The Peculiar Tenacity of Caste&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 44, 41-48,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Desai, S (2010): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Sonal desai Caste and Census&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Sonal desai Caste and Census&quot;&gt;Caste and Census: A Forward Looking Strategy&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 42: 10-13&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Jodhka, S (2010): &amp;quot;Dalits in Business: Self-Employed Scheduled Castes inNorth-West India&amp;quot;, Working Paper Series, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Majumder, Rajarshi (2010): Intergenerational mobility in educational &amp;amp; occupational attainment: a comparative study of social classes in India, Margin , Vol. 4, No. 4 (November), &lt;a href=&quot;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&quot;&gt;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Thorat, S and K S Newman (2007): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and Economic Discrimination&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and Economic Discrimination&quot;&gt;Caste and Economic Discrimination: Causes, Consequences an&lt;br /&gt;d Remedies&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 39: 4121-24&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Thorat, S and N Sadana (2009): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and ownership of private enterprises&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and ownership of private enterprises&quot;&gt;Caste and Ownership of Private Enterprises&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 41: 13-16&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html&quot;&gt;Caste can turn&lt;/a&gt; a boardroom into a classroom-Aakar Patel, Live Mint, 4 September, 2012&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075&quot; title=&quot;http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075&quot;&gt;Bite The Caste&lt;/a&gt; Bullet-Naren Karunakaran, Outlook, 2 May, 2009 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image courtesy: The Hindu, click &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Dismal Dalit Count in Indian Boardrooms&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
A fresh study conducted by D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena reveals that at a time when the issues of ethnic and racial inequalities is being discussed all over the world, our score is as pathetic as can be (see the link below for more info)even though caste-based discriminationis officially illegal in India. The im4change team strongly recommends that all journalists must read this study.It is noteworthy that the study covers both private and public sector firms that are publicly listed.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Carried in the prestigious Economic and Political Weekly, the study is an examination of the caste diversity of Indian corporate boards of a thousand top Indian companies listed in the top stock indices in India for the year 2010. These companies account for four-fifth of the market capitalisation of all listed companies measured by Blau Index. The big finding of the study is that there is no diversity in Indian boardrooms at all and the entire private sector is monopolised by a handful of upper castes. (The Blau Index is a diversity Index extensively used in social sciences which measures the probability of social mobility of individuals chosen from different backgrounds. The study titled &amp;quot;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&amp;quot; uses the median score on the basis of the Blau Index)
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The study says that &amp;quot;Indian corporate boards continue to remain &amp;lsquo;old boys clubs&#039; based on caste affiliation rather than on other considerations (like merit or experience).&amp;quot; According to the authors, &amp;quot;the study is a preliminary attempt to understand the influence of castein determining corporate control in India. In the process, it indirectly evaluates the progress made by 60 years of affirmative actionin promoting educational, job and social mobility in the Indian society.&amp;quot;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The authors painstakingly identified all given surnames of board membersthrough social networks. It reveals that about 93 per cent board members belonged to the forward castes. Among the most important questions the study raises is whether the auditors to these companies are also selected on the basis of the same caste affiliations which workfor the appointment of board members. Another important question is whether the companies&#039; boards need to reflect the diversity of their clientele? How many women are present in these boards is anybody&#039;s guess.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE GO TO THE LINKS BELOW:
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Corporate Boards in India&quot;&gt;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&lt;/a&gt; -D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, August 11, 2012, Vol xlvii, No. 31
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Missing from the Indian newsroom by Robin Jefrey, The Hindu, 9 April, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Akerlof, A G (1976): &amp;quot;The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales&amp;quot;, Quarterly, Journal of Economics, 90: 599-617, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Balasubramaniam, J (2011): &amp;quot;Dalits and a Lack of Diversity in the Newsroom&amp;quot;, Economic and Political Weekly, March 12, 2011, Vol xlvi, No 11, &lt;a href=&quot;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&quot;&gt;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul&lt;br /&gt;
1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Beteille, A (2012): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;The peculiar tenacity of caste&quot;&gt;The Peculiar Tenacity of Caste&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 44, 41-48,
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Desai, S (2010): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Sonal desai Caste and Census&quot;&gt;Caste and Census: A Forward Looking Strategy&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 42: 10-13
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Jodhka, S (2010): &amp;quot;Dalits in Business: Self-Employed Scheduled Castes inNorth-West India&amp;quot;, Working Paper Series, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Majumder, Rajarshi (2010): Intergenerational mobility in educational &amp;amp; occupational attainment: a comparative study of social classes in India, Margin , Vol. 4, No. 4 (November), &lt;a href=&quot;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&quot;&gt;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Thorat, S and K S Newman (2007): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and Economic Discrimination&quot;&gt;Caste and Economic Discrimination: Causes, Consequences and Remedies&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 39: 4121-24
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Thorat, S and N Sadana (2009): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and ownership of private enterprises&quot;&gt;Caste and Ownership of Private Enterprises&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 41: 13-16
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html&quot;&gt;Caste can turn&lt;/a&gt; a boardroom into a classroom-Aakar Patel, Live Mint, 4 September, 2012&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075&quot;&gt;Bite The Caste&lt;/a&gt; Bullet-Naren Karunakaran, Outlook, 2 May, 2009 
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;Image courtesy: The Hindu, click &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; 
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Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.



A fresh...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;A fresh study conducted by D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena reveals that at a time when the issues of ethnic and racial inequalities is being discussed all over the world, our score is as pathetic as can be (see the link below for more info)even though caste-based discriminationis officially illegal in India. The im4change team strongly recommends that all journalists must read this study.It is noteworthy that the study covers both private and public sector firms that are publicly listed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Carried in the prestigious Economic and Political Weekly, the study is an examination of the caste diversity of Indian corporate boards of a thousand top Indian companies listed in the top stock indices in India for the year 2010. These companies account for four-fifth of the market capitalisation of all listed companies measured by Blau Index. The big finding of the study is that there is no diversity in Indian boardrooms at all and the entire private sector is monopolised by a handful of upper castes. (The Blau Index is a diversity Index extensively used in social sciences which measures the probability of social mobility of individuals chosen from different backgrounds. The study titled &amp;quot;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&amp;quot; uses the median score on the basis of the Blau Index)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The study says that &amp;quot;Indian corporate boards continue to remain &amp;lsquo;old boys clubs&#039; based on caste affiliation rather than on other considerations (like merit or experience).&amp;quot; According to the authors, &amp;quot;the study is a preliminary attempt to understand the influence of castein determining corporate control in India. In the process, it indirectly evaluates the progress made by 60 years of affirmative actionin promoting educational, job and social mobility in the Indian society.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The authors painstakingly identified all given surnames of board membersthrough social networks. It reveals that about 93 per cent board members belonged to the forward castes. Among the most important questions the study raises is whether the auditors to these companies are also selected on the basis of the same caste affiliations which workfor the appointment of board members. Another important question is whether the companies&#039; boards need to reflect the diversity of their clientele? How many women are present in these boards is anybody&#039;s guess.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE GO TO THE LINKS BELOW:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Corporate Boards in India&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Corporate Boards in India&quot;&gt;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&lt;/a&gt; -D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, August 11, 2012, Vol xlvii, No. 31&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Missing from the Indian newsroom by Robin Jefrey, The Hindu, 9 April, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indi&lt;br /&gt;an-newsroom/article3294285.ece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Akerlof, A G (1976): &amp;quot;The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales&amp;quot;, Quarterly, Journal of Economics, 90: 599-617, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Balasubramaniam, J (2011): &amp;quot;Dalits and a Lack of Diversity in the Newsroom&amp;quot;, Economic and Political Weekly, March 12, 2011, Vol xlvi, No 11, &lt;a href=&quot;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&quot;&gt;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2&lt;br /&gt;bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKq&lt;br /&gt;QhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Beteille, A (2012): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;The peculiar tenacity of caste&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;The peculiar tenacity of caste&quot;&gt;The Peculiar Tenacity of Caste&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 44, 41-48,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Desai, S (2010): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Sonal desai Caste and Census&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Sonal desai Caste and Census&quot;&gt;Caste and Census: A Forward Looking Strategy&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 42: 10-13&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Jodhka, S (2010): &amp;quot;Dalits in Business: Self-Employed Scheduled Castes inNorth-West India&amp;quot;, Working Paper Series, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Majumder, Rajarshi (2010): Intergenerational mobility in educational &amp;amp; occupational attainment: a comparative study of social classes in India, Margin , Vol. 4, No. 4 (November), &lt;a href=&quot;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&quot;&gt;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Thorat, S and K S Newman (2007): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and Economic Discrimination&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and Economic Discrimination&quot;&gt;Caste and Economic Discrimination: Causes, Consequences an&lt;br /&gt;d Remedies&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 39: 4121-24&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Thorat, S and N Sadana (2009): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and ownership of private enterprises&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and ownership of private enterprises&quot;&gt;Caste and Ownership of Private Enterprises&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 41: 13-16&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html&quot;&gt;Caste can turn&lt;/a&gt; a boardroom into a classroom-Aakar Patel, Live Mint, 4 September, 2012&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075&quot; title=&quot;http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075&quot;&gt;Bite The Caste&lt;/a&gt; Bullet-Naren Karunakaran, Outlook, 2 May, 2009 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image courtesy: The Hindu, click &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;&#039;
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                <strong>Dismal Dalit Count in Indian Boardrooms</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.</div><br /><p align="justify">A fresh study conducted by D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena reveals that at a time when the issues of ethnic and racial inequalities is being discussed all over the world, our score is as pathetic as can be (see the link below for more info)even though caste-based discriminationis officially illegal in India. The im4change team strongly recommends that all journalists must read this study.It is noteworthy that the study covers both private and public sector firms that are publicly listed.</p><p align="justify">Carried in the prestigious Economic and Political Weekly, the study is an examination of the caste diversity of Indian corporate boards of a thousand top Indian companies listed in the top stock indices in India for the year 2010. These companies account for four-fifth of the market capitalisation of all listed companies measured by Blau Index. The big finding of the study is that there is no diversity in Indian boardrooms at all and the entire private sector is monopolised by a handful of upper castes. (The Blau Index is a diversity Index extensively used in social sciences which measures the probability of social mobility of individuals chosen from different backgrounds. The study titled &quot;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&quot; uses the median score on the basis of the Blau Index)</p><p align="justify">The study says that &quot;Indian corporate boards continue to remain &lsquo;old boys clubs' based on caste affiliation rather than on other considerations (like merit or experience).&quot; According to the authors, &quot;the study is a preliminary attempt to understand the influence of castein determining corporate control in India. In the process, it indirectly evaluates the progress made by 60 years of affirmative actionin promoting educational, job and social mobility in the Indian society.&quot;</p><p align="justify">The authors painstakingly identified all given surnames of board membersthrough social networks. It reveals that about 93 per cent board members belonged to the forward castes. Among the most important questions the study raises is whether the auditors to these companies are also selected on the basis of the same caste affiliations which workfor the appointment of board members. Another important question is whether the companies' boards need to reflect the diversity of their clientele? How many women are present in these boards is anybody's guess.</p><p align="justify">FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE GO TO THE LINKS BELOW:</p><p align="justify"><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf" title="Corporate Boards in India" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf" title="Corporate Boards in India">Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?</a> -D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, August 11, 2012, Vol xlvii, No. 31</p><p align="justify">Missing from the Indian newsroom by Robin Jefrey, The Hindu, 9 April, 2012, <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece" title="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece">http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indi<br />an-newsroom/article3294285.ece</a></p><p align="justify">Akerlof, A G (1976): &quot;The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales&quot;, Quarterly, Journal of Economics, 90: 599-617, <a href="http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf" title="http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf">http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">Balasubramaniam, J (2011): &quot;Dalits and a Lack of Diversity in the Newsroom&quot;, Economic and Political Weekly, March 12, 2011, Vol xlvi, No 11, <a href="http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf" title="http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf">http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2<br />bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKq<br />QhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">Beteille, A (2012): &quot;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf" title="The peculiar tenacity of caste" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf" title="The peculiar tenacity of caste">The Peculiar Tenacity of Caste</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 44, 41-48,</p><p align="justify">Desai, S (2010): &quot;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf" title="Sonal desai Caste and Census" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf" title="Sonal desai Caste and Census">Caste and Census: A Forward Looking Strategy</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 42: 10-13</p><p align="justify">Jodhka, S (2010): &quot;Dalits in Business: Self-Employed Scheduled Castes inNorth-West India&quot;, Working Paper Series, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi, <a href="http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf" title="http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf">http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">Majumder, Rajarshi (2010): Intergenerational mobility in educational &amp; occupational attainment: a comparative study of social classes in India, Margin , Vol. 4, No. 4 (November), <a href="http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf" title="http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf">http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">Thorat, S and K S Newman (2007): &quot;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf" title="Caste and Economic Discrimination" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf" title="Caste and Economic Discrimination">Caste and Economic Discrimination: Causes, Consequences an<br />d Remedies</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 39: 4121-24</p><p align="justify">Thorat, S and N Sadana (2009): &quot;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf" title="Caste and ownership of private enterprises" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf" title="Caste and ownership of private enterprises">Caste and Ownership of Private Enterprises</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 41: 13-16</p><p align="justify"><a href="http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html" title="http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html">Caste can turn</a> a boardroom into a classroom-Aakar Patel, Live Mint, 4 September, 2012<br /><br /><a href="http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075" title="http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075">Bite The Caste</a> Bullet-Naren Karunakaran, Outlook, 2 May, 2009 </p><p align="justify"><strong>Image courtesy: The Hindu, click <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg" title="http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg">here</a></strong>&nbsp; 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		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
A fresh study conducted by D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena reveals that at a time when the issues of ethnic and racial inequalities is being discussed all over the world, our score is as pathetic as can be (see the link below for more info)even though caste-based discriminationis officially illegal in India. The im4change team strongly recommends that all journalists must read this study.It is noteworthy that the study covers both private and public sector firms that are publicly listed.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Carried in the prestigious Economic and Political Weekly, the study is an examination of the caste diversity of Indian corporate boards of a thousand top Indian companies listed in the top stock indices in India for the year 2010. These companies account for four-fifth of the market capitalisation of all listed companies measured by Blau Index. The big finding of the study is that there is no diversity in Indian boardrooms at all and the entire private sector is monopolised by a handful of upper castes. (The Blau Index is a diversity Index extensively used in social sciences which measures the probability of social mobility of individuals chosen from different backgrounds. The study titled &amp;quot;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&amp;quot; uses the median score on the basis of the Blau Index)
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The study says that &amp;quot;Indian corporate boards continue to remain &amp;lsquo;old boys clubs&#039; based on caste affiliation rather than on other considerations (like merit or experience).&amp;quot; According to the authors, &amp;quot;the study is a preliminary attempt to understand the influence of castein determining corporate control in India. In the process, it indirectly evaluates the progress made by 60 years of affirmative actionin promoting educational, job and social mobility in the Indian society.&amp;quot;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The authors painstakingly identified all given surnames of board membersthrough social networks. It reveals that about 93 per cent board members belonged to the forward castes. Among the most important questions the study raises is whether the auditors to these companies are also selected on the basis of the same caste affiliations which workfor the appointment of board members. Another important question is whether the companies&#039; boards need to reflect the diversity of their clientele? How many women are present in these boards is anybody&#039;s guess.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE GO TO THE LINKS BELOW:
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Corporate Boards in India&quot;&gt;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&lt;/a&gt; -D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, August 11, 2012, Vol xlvii, No. 31
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Missing from the Indian newsroom by Robin Jefrey, The Hindu, 9 April, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Akerlof, A G (1976): &amp;quot;The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales&amp;quot;, Quarterly, Journal of Economics, 90: 599-617, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Balasubramaniam, J (2011): &amp;quot;Dalits and a Lack of Diversity in the Newsroom&amp;quot;, Economic and Political Weekly, March 12, 2011, Vol xlvi, No 11, &lt;a href=&quot;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&quot;&gt;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul&lt;br /&gt;
1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Beteille, A (2012): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;The peculiar tenacity of caste&quot;&gt;The Peculiar Tenacity of Caste&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 44, 41-48,
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Desai, S (2010): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Sonal desai Caste and Census&quot;&gt;Caste and Census: A Forward Looking Strategy&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 42: 10-13
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Jodhka, S (2010): &amp;quot;Dalits in Business: Self-Employed Scheduled Castes inNorth-West India&amp;quot;, Working Paper Series, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Majumder, Rajarshi (2010): Intergenerational mobility in educational &amp;amp; occupational attainment: a comparative study of social classes in India, Margin , Vol. 4, No. 4 (November), &lt;a href=&quot;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&quot;&gt;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Thorat, S and K S Newman (2007): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and Economic Discrimination&quot;&gt;Caste and Economic Discrimination: Causes, Consequences and Remedies&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 39: 4121-24
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Thorat, S and N Sadana (2009): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and ownership of private enterprises&quot;&gt;Caste and Ownership of Private Enterprises&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 41: 13-16
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html&quot;&gt;Caste can turn&lt;/a&gt; a boardroom into a classroom-Aakar Patel, Live Mint, 4 September, 2012&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075&quot;&gt;Bite The Caste&lt;/a&gt; Bullet-Naren Karunakaran, Outlook, 2 May, 2009 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Image courtesy: The Hindu, click &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; 
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Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.



A fresh...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;A fresh study conducted by D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena reveals that at a time when the issues of ethnic and racial inequalities is being discussed all over the world, our score is as pathetic as can be (see the link below for more info)even though caste-based discriminationis officially illegal in India. The im4change team strongly recommends that all journalists must read this study.It is noteworthy that the study covers both private and public sector firms that are publicly listed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Carried in the prestigious Economic and Political Weekly, the study is an examination of the caste diversity of Indian corporate boards of a thousand top Indian companies listed in the top stock indices in India for the year 2010. These companies account for four-fifth of the market capitalisation of all listed companies measured by Blau Index. The big finding of the study is that there is no diversity in Indian boardrooms at all and the entire private sector is monopolised by a handful of upper castes. (The Blau Index is a diversity Index extensively used in social sciences which measures the probability of social mobility of individuals chosen from different backgrounds. The study titled &amp;quot;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&amp;quot; uses the median score on the basis of the Blau Index)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The study says that &amp;quot;Indian corporate boards continue to remain &amp;lsquo;old boys clubs&#039; based on caste affiliation rather than on other considerations (like merit or experience).&amp;quot; According to the authors, &amp;quot;the study is a preliminary attempt to understand the influence of castein determining corporate control in India. In the process, it indirectly evaluates the progress made by 60 years of affirmative actionin promoting educational, job and social mobility in the Indian society.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The authors painstakingly identified all given surnames of board membersthrough social networks. It reveals that about 93 per cent board members belonged to the forward castes. Among the most important questions the study raises is whether the auditors to these companies are also selected on the basis of the same caste affiliations which workfor the appointment of board members. Another important question is whether the companies&#039; boards need to reflect the diversity of their clientele? How many women are present in these boards is anybody&#039;s guess.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE GO TO THE LINKS BELOW:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Corporate Boards in India&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Corporate Boards in India&quot;&gt;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&lt;/a&gt; -D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, August 11, 2012, Vol xlvii, No. 31&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Missing from the Indian newsroom by Robin Jefrey, The Hindu, 9 April, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indi&lt;br /&gt;an-newsroom/article3294285.ece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Akerlof, A G (1976): &amp;quot;The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales&amp;quot;, Quarterly, Journal of Economics, 90: 599-617, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Balasubramaniam, J (2011): &amp;quot;Dalits and a Lack of Diversity in the Newsroom&amp;quot;, Economic and Political Weekly, March 12, 2011, Vol xlvi, No 11, &lt;a href=&quot;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&quot;&gt;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2&lt;br /&gt;bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKq&lt;br /&gt;QhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Beteille, A (2012): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;The peculiar tenacity of caste&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;The peculiar tenacity of caste&quot;&gt;The Peculiar Tenacity of Caste&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 44, 41-48,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Desai, S (2010): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Sonal desai Caste and Census&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Sonal desai Caste and Census&quot;&gt;Caste and Census: A Forward Looking Strategy&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 42: 10-13&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Jodhka, S (2010): &amp;quot;Dalits in Business: Self-Employed Scheduled Castes inNorth-West India&amp;quot;, Working Paper Series, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Majumder, Rajarshi (2010): Intergenerational mobility in educational &amp;amp; occupational attainment: a comparative study of social classes in India, Margin , Vol. 4, No. 4 (November), &lt;a href=&quot;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&quot;&gt;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Thorat, S and K S Newman (2007): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and Economic Discrimination&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and Economic Discrimination&quot;&gt;Caste and Economic Discrimination: Causes, Consequences an&lt;br /&gt;d Remedies&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 39: 4121-24&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Thorat, S and N Sadana (2009): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and ownership of private enterprises&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and ownership of private enterprises&quot;&gt;Caste and Ownership of Private Enterprises&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 41: 13-16&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html&quot;&gt;Caste can turn&lt;/a&gt; a boardroom into a classroom-Aakar Patel, Live Mint, 4 September, 2012&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075&quot; title=&quot;http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075&quot;&gt;Bite The Caste&lt;/a&gt; Bullet-Naren Karunakaran, Outlook, 2 May, 2009 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image courtesy: The Hindu, click &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 20650,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Dismal Dalit Count in Indian Boardrooms&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
A fresh study conducted by D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena reveals that at a time when the issues of ethnic and racial inequalities is being discussed all over the world, our score is as pathetic as can be (see the link below for more info)even though caste-based discriminationis officially illegal in India. The im4change team strongly recommends that all journalists must read this study.It is noteworthy that the study covers both private and public sector firms that are publicly listed.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Carried in the prestigious Economic and Political Weekly, the study is an examination of the caste diversity of Indian corporate boards of a thousand top Indian companies listed in the top stock indices in India for the year 2010. These companies account for four-fifth of the market capitalisation of all listed companies measured by Blau Index. The big finding of the study is that there is no diversity in Indian boardrooms at all and the entire private sector is monopolised by a handful of upper castes. (The Blau Index is a diversity Index extensively used in social sciences which measures the probability of social mobility of individuals chosen from different backgrounds. The study titled &amp;quot;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&amp;quot; uses the median score on the basis of the Blau Index)
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The study says that &amp;quot;Indian corporate boards continue to remain &amp;lsquo;old boys clubs&#039; based on caste affiliation rather than on other considerations (like merit or experience).&amp;quot; According to the authors, &amp;quot;the study is a preliminary attempt to understand the influence of castein determining corporate control in India. In the process, it indirectly evaluates the progress made by 60 years of affirmative actionin promoting educational, job and social mobility in the Indian society.&amp;quot;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The authors painstakingly identified all given surnames of board membersthrough social networks. It reveals that about 93 per cent board members belonged to the forward castes. Among the most important questions the study raises is whether the auditors to these companies are also selected on the basis of the same caste affiliations which workfor the appointment of board members. Another important question is whether the companies&#039; boards need to reflect the diversity of their clientele? How many women are present in these boards is anybody&#039;s guess.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE GO TO THE LINKS BELOW:
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Corporate Boards in India&quot;&gt;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&lt;/a&gt; -D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, August 11, 2012, Vol xlvii, No. 31
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Missing from the Indian newsroom by Robin Jefrey, The Hindu, 9 April, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Akerlof, A G (1976): &amp;quot;The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales&amp;quot;, Quarterly, Journal of Economics, 90: 599-617, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Balasubramaniam, J (2011): &amp;quot;Dalits and a Lack of Diversity in the Newsroom&amp;quot;, Economic and Political Weekly, March 12, 2011, Vol xlvi, No 11, &lt;a href=&quot;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&quot;&gt;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul&lt;br /&gt;
1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Beteille, A (2012): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;The peculiar tenacity of caste&quot;&gt;The Peculiar Tenacity of Caste&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 44, 41-48,
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Desai, S (2010): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Sonal desai Caste and Census&quot;&gt;Caste and Census: A Forward Looking Strategy&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 42: 10-13
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Jodhka, S (2010): &amp;quot;Dalits in Business: Self-Employed Scheduled Castes inNorth-West India&amp;quot;, Working Paper Series, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Majumder, Rajarshi (2010): Intergenerational mobility in educational &amp;amp; occupational attainment: a comparative study of social classes in India, Margin , Vol. 4, No. 4 (November), &lt;a href=&quot;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&quot;&gt;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Thorat, S and K S Newman (2007): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and Economic Discrimination&quot;&gt;Caste and Economic Discrimination: Causes, Consequences and Remedies&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 39: 4121-24
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Thorat, S and N Sadana (2009): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and ownership of private enterprises&quot;&gt;Caste and Ownership of Private Enterprises&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 41: 13-16
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html&quot;&gt;Caste can turn&lt;/a&gt; a boardroom into a classroom-Aakar Patel, Live Mint, 4 September, 2012&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075&quot;&gt;Bite The Caste&lt;/a&gt; Bullet-Naren Karunakaran, Outlook, 2 May, 2009 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Image courtesy: The Hindu, click &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; 
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Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.



A fresh...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;A fresh study conducted by D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena reveals that at a time when the issues of ethnic and racial inequalities is being discussed all over the world, our score is as pathetic as can be (see the link below for more info)even though caste-based discriminationis officially illegal in India. The im4change team strongly recommends that all journalists must read this study.It is noteworthy that the study covers both private and public sector firms that are publicly listed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Carried in the prestigious Economic and Political Weekly, the study is an examination of the caste diversity of Indian corporate boards of a thousand top Indian companies listed in the top stock indices in India for the year 2010. These companies account for four-fifth of the market capitalisation of all listed companies measured by Blau Index. The big finding of the study is that there is no diversity in Indian boardrooms at all and the entire private sector is monopolised by a handful of upper castes. (The Blau Index is a diversity Index extensively used in social sciences which measures the probability of social mobility of individuals chosen from different backgrounds. The study titled &amp;quot;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&amp;quot; uses the median score on the basis of the Blau Index)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The study says that &amp;quot;Indian corporate boards continue to remain &amp;lsquo;old boys clubs&#039; based on caste affiliation rather than on other considerations (like merit or experience).&amp;quot; According to the authors, &amp;quot;the study is a preliminary attempt to understand the influence of castein determining corporate control in India. In the process, it indirectly evaluates the progress made by 60 years of affirmative actionin promoting educational, job and social mobility in the Indian society.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The authors painstakingly identified all given surnames of board membersthrough social networks. It reveals that about 93 per cent board members belonged to the forward castes. Among the most important questions the study raises is whether the auditors to these companies are also selected on the basis of the same caste affiliations which workfor the appointment of board members. Another important question is whether the companies&#039; boards need to reflect the diversity of their clientele? How many women are present in these boards is anybody&#039;s guess.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE GO TO THE LINKS BELOW:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Corporate Boards in India&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Corporate Boards in India&quot;&gt;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&lt;/a&gt; -D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, August 11, 2012, Vol xlvii, No. 31&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Missing from the Indian newsroom by Robin Jefrey, The Hindu, 9 April, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indi&lt;br /&gt;an-newsroom/article3294285.ece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Akerlof, A G (1976): &amp;quot;The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales&amp;quot;, Quarterly, Journal of Economics, 90: 599-617, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Balasubramaniam, J (2011): &amp;quot;Dalits and a Lack of Diversity in the Newsroom&amp;quot;, Economic and Political Weekly, March 12, 2011, Vol xlvi, No 11, &lt;a href=&quot;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&quot;&gt;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2&lt;br /&gt;bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKq&lt;br /&gt;QhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Beteille, A (2012): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;The peculiar tenacity of caste&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;The peculiar tenacity of caste&quot;&gt;The Peculiar Tenacity of Caste&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 44, 41-48,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Desai, S (2010): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Sonal desai Caste and Census&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Sonal desai Caste and Census&quot;&gt;Caste and Census: A Forward Looking Strategy&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 42: 10-13&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Jodhka, S (2010): &amp;quot;Dalits in Business: Self-Employed Scheduled Castes inNorth-West India&amp;quot;, Working Paper Series, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Majumder, Rajarshi (2010): Intergenerational mobility in educational &amp;amp; occupational attainment: a comparative study of social classes in India, Margin , Vol. 4, No. 4 (November), &lt;a href=&quot;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&quot;&gt;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Thorat, S and K S Newman (2007): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and Economic Discrimination&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and Economic Discrimination&quot;&gt;Caste and Economic Discrimination: Causes, Consequences an&lt;br /&gt;d Remedies&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 39: 4121-24&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Thorat, S and N Sadana (2009): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and ownership of private enterprises&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and ownership of private enterprises&quot;&gt;Caste and Ownership of Private Enterprises&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 41: 13-16&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html&quot;&gt;Caste can turn&lt;/a&gt; a boardroom into a classroom-Aakar Patel, Live Mint, 4 September, 2012&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075&quot; title=&quot;http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075&quot;&gt;Bite The Caste&lt;/a&gt; Bullet-Naren Karunakaran, Outlook, 2 May, 2009 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image courtesy: The Hindu, click &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;&#039;
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                <strong>Dismal Dalit Count in Indian Boardrooms</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.</div><br /><p align="justify">A fresh study conducted by D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena reveals that at a time when the issues of ethnic and racial inequalities is being discussed all over the world, our score is as pathetic as can be (see the link below for more info)even though caste-based discriminationis officially illegal in India. The im4change team strongly recommends that all journalists must read this study.It is noteworthy that the study covers both private and public sector firms that are publicly listed.</p><p align="justify">Carried in the prestigious Economic and Political Weekly, the study is an examination of the caste diversity of Indian corporate boards of a thousand top Indian companies listed in the top stock indices in India for the year 2010. These companies account for four-fifth of the market capitalisation of all listed companies measured by Blau Index. The big finding of the study is that there is no diversity in Indian boardrooms at all and the entire private sector is monopolised by a handful of upper castes. (The Blau Index is a diversity Index extensively used in social sciences which measures the probability of social mobility of individuals chosen from different backgrounds. The study titled &quot;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&quot; uses the median score on the basis of the Blau Index)</p><p align="justify">The study says that &quot;Indian corporate boards continue to remain &lsquo;old boys clubs' based on caste affiliation rather than on other considerations (like merit or experience).&quot; According to the authors, &quot;the study is a preliminary attempt to understand the influence of castein determining corporate control in India. In the process, it indirectly evaluates the progress made by 60 years of affirmative actionin promoting educational, job and social mobility in the Indian society.&quot;</p><p align="justify">The authors painstakingly identified all given surnames of board membersthrough social networks. It reveals that about 93 per cent board members belonged to the forward castes. Among the most important questions the study raises is whether the auditors to these companies are also selected on the basis of the same caste affiliations which workfor the appointment of board members. Another important question is whether the companies' boards need to reflect the diversity of their clientele? How many women are present in these boards is anybody's guess.</p><p align="justify">FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE GO TO THE LINKS BELOW:</p><p align="justify"><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf" title="Corporate Boards in India" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf" title="Corporate Boards in India">Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?</a> -D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, August 11, 2012, Vol xlvii, No. 31</p><p align="justify">Missing from the Indian newsroom by Robin Jefrey, The Hindu, 9 April, 2012, <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece" title="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece">http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indi<br />an-newsroom/article3294285.ece</a></p><p align="justify">Akerlof, A G (1976): &quot;The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales&quot;, Quarterly, Journal of Economics, 90: 599-617, <a href="http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf" title="http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf">http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">Balasubramaniam, J (2011): &quot;Dalits and a Lack of Diversity in the Newsroom&quot;, Economic and Political Weekly, March 12, 2011, Vol xlvi, No 11, <a href="http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf" title="http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf">http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2<br />bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKq<br />QhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">Beteille, A (2012): &quot;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf" title="The peculiar tenacity of caste" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf" title="The peculiar tenacity of caste">The Peculiar Tenacity of Caste</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 44, 41-48,</p><p align="justify">Desai, S (2010): &quot;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf" title="Sonal desai Caste and Census" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf" title="Sonal desai Caste and Census">Caste and Census: A Forward Looking Strategy</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 42: 10-13</p><p align="justify">Jodhka, S (2010): &quot;Dalits in Business: Self-Employed Scheduled Castes inNorth-West India&quot;, Working Paper Series, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi, <a href="http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf" title="http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf">http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">Majumder, Rajarshi (2010): Intergenerational mobility in educational &amp; occupational attainment: a comparative study of social classes in India, Margin , Vol. 4, No. 4 (November), <a href="http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf" title="http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf">http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">Thorat, S and K S Newman (2007): &quot;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf" title="Caste and Economic Discrimination" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf" title="Caste and Economic Discrimination">Caste and Economic Discrimination: Causes, Consequences an<br />d Remedies</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 39: 4121-24</p><p align="justify">Thorat, S and N Sadana (2009): &quot;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf" title="Caste and ownership of private enterprises" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf" title="Caste and ownership of private enterprises">Caste and Ownership of Private Enterprises</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 41: 13-16</p><p align="justify"><a href="http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html" title="http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html">Caste can turn</a> a boardroom into a classroom-Aakar Patel, Live Mint, 4 September, 2012<br /><br /><a href="http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075" title="http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075">Bite The Caste</a> Bullet-Naren Karunakaran, Outlook, 2 May, 2009 </p><p align="justify"><strong>Image courtesy: The Hindu, click <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg" title="http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg">here</a></strong>&nbsp; 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Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
A fresh study conducted by D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena reveals that at a time when the issues of ethnic and racial inequalities is being discussed all over the world, our score is as pathetic as can be (see the link below for more info)even though caste-based discriminationis officially illegal in India. The im4change team strongly recommends that all journalists must read this study.It is noteworthy that the study covers both private and public sector firms that are publicly listed.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Carried in the prestigious Economic and Political Weekly, the study is an examination of the caste diversity of Indian corporate boards of a thousand top Indian companies listed in the top stock indices in India for the year 2010. These companies account for four-fifth of the market capitalisation of all listed companies measured by Blau Index. The big finding of the study is that there is no diversity in Indian boardrooms at all and the entire private sector is monopolised by a handful of upper castes. (The Blau Index is a diversity Index extensively used in social sciences which measures the probability of social mobility of individuals chosen from different backgrounds. The study titled &amp;quot;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&amp;quot; uses the median score on the basis of the Blau Index)
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The study says that &amp;quot;Indian corporate boards continue to remain &amp;lsquo;old boys clubs&#039; based on caste affiliation rather than on other considerations (like merit or experience).&amp;quot; According to the authors, &amp;quot;the study is a preliminary attempt to understand the influence of castein determining corporate control in India. In the process, it indirectly evaluates the progress made by 60 years of affirmative actionin promoting educational, job and social mobility in the Indian society.&amp;quot;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The authors painstakingly identified all given surnames of board membersthrough social networks. It reveals that about 93 per cent board members belonged to the forward castes. Among the most important questions the study raises is whether the auditors to these companies are also selected on the basis of the same caste affiliations which workfor the appointment of board members. Another important question is whether the companies&#039; boards need to reflect the diversity of their clientele? How many women are present in these boards is anybody&#039;s guess.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE GO TO THE LINKS BELOW:
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Corporate Boards in India&quot;&gt;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&lt;/a&gt; -D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, August 11, 2012, Vol xlvii, No. 31
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Missing from the Indian newsroom by Robin Jefrey, The Hindu, 9 April, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Akerlof, A G (1976): &amp;quot;The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales&amp;quot;, Quarterly, Journal of Economics, 90: 599-617, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Balasubramaniam, J (2011): &amp;quot;Dalits and a Lack of Diversity in the Newsroom&amp;quot;, Economic and Political Weekly, March 12, 2011, Vol xlvi, No 11, &lt;a href=&quot;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&quot;&gt;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul&lt;br /&gt;
1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Beteille, A (2012): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;The peculiar tenacity of caste&quot;&gt;The Peculiar Tenacity of Caste&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 44, 41-48,
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Desai, S (2010): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Sonal desai Caste and Census&quot;&gt;Caste and Census: A Forward Looking Strategy&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 42: 10-13
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Jodhka, S (2010): &amp;quot;Dalits in Business: Self-Employed Scheduled Castes inNorth-West India&amp;quot;, Working Paper Series, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Majumder, Rajarshi (2010): Intergenerational mobility in educational &amp;amp; occupational attainment: a comparative study of social classes in India, Margin , Vol. 4, No. 4 (November), &lt;a href=&quot;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&quot;&gt;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Thorat, S and K S Newman (2007): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and Economic Discrimination&quot;&gt;Caste and Economic Discrimination: Causes, Consequences and Remedies&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 39: 4121-24
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Thorat, S and N Sadana (2009): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and ownership of private enterprises&quot;&gt;Caste and Ownership of Private Enterprises&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 41: 13-16
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html&quot;&gt;Caste can turn&lt;/a&gt; a boardroom into a classroom-Aakar Patel, Live Mint, 4 September, 2012&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075&quot;&gt;Bite The Caste&lt;/a&gt; Bullet-Naren Karunakaran, Outlook, 2 May, 2009 
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;Image courtesy: The Hindu, click &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; 
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Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.



A fresh...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;A fresh study conducted by D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena reveals that at a time when the issues of ethnic and racial inequalities is being discussed all over the world, our score is as pathetic as can be (see the link below for more info)even though caste-based discriminationis officially illegal in India. The im4change team strongly recommends that all journalists must read this study.It is noteworthy that the study covers both private and public sector firms that are publicly listed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Carried in the prestigious Economic and Political Weekly, the study is an examination of the caste diversity of Indian corporate boards of a thousand top Indian companies listed in the top stock indices in India for the year 2010. These companies account for four-fifth of the market capitalisation of all listed companies measured by Blau Index. The big finding of the study is that there is no diversity in Indian boardrooms at all and the entire private sector is monopolised by a handful of upper castes. (The Blau Index is a diversity Index extensively used in social sciences which measures the probability of social mobility of individuals chosen from different backgrounds. The study titled &amp;quot;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&amp;quot; uses the median score on the basis of the Blau Index)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The study says that &amp;quot;Indian corporate boards continue to remain &amp;lsquo;old boys clubs&#039; based on caste affiliation rather than on other considerations (like merit or experience).&amp;quot; According to the authors, &amp;quot;the study is a preliminary attempt to understand the influence of castein determining corporate control in India. In the process, it indirectly evaluates the progress made by 60 years of affirmative actionin promoting educational, job and social mobility in the Indian society.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The authors painstakingly identified all given surnames of board membersthrough social networks. It reveals that about 93 per cent board members belonged to the forward castes. Among the most important questions the study raises is whether the auditors to these companies are also selected on the basis of the same caste affiliations which workfor the appointment of board members. Another important question is whether the companies&#039; boards need to reflect the diversity of their clientele? How many women are present in these boards is anybody&#039;s guess.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE GO TO THE LINKS BELOW:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Corporate Boards in India&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Corporate Boards in India&quot;&gt;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&lt;/a&gt; -D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, August 11, 2012, Vol xlvii, No. 31&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Missing from the Indian newsroom by Robin Jefrey, The Hindu, 9 April, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indi&lt;br /&gt;an-newsroom/article3294285.ece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Akerlof, A G (1976): &amp;quot;The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales&amp;quot;, Quarterly, Journal of Economics, 90: 599-617, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Balasubramaniam, J (2011): &amp;quot;Dalits and a Lack of Diversity in the Newsroom&amp;quot;, Economic and Political Weekly, March 12, 2011, Vol xlvi, No 11, &lt;a href=&quot;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&quot;&gt;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2&lt;br /&gt;bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKq&lt;br /&gt;QhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Beteille, A (2012): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;The peculiar tenacity of caste&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;The peculiar tenacity of caste&quot;&gt;The Peculiar Tenacity of Caste&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 44, 41-48,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Desai, S (2010): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Sonal desai Caste and Census&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Sonal desai Caste and Census&quot;&gt;Caste and Census: A Forward Looking Strategy&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 42: 10-13&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Jodhka, S (2010): &amp;quot;Dalits in Business: Self-Employed Scheduled Castes inNorth-West India&amp;quot;, Working Paper Series, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Majumder, Rajarshi (2010): Intergenerational mobility in educational &amp;amp; occupational attainment: a comparative study of social classes in India, Margin , Vol. 4, No. 4 (November), &lt;a href=&quot;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&quot;&gt;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Thorat, S and K S Newman (2007): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and Economic Discrimination&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and Economic Discrimination&quot;&gt;Caste and Economic Discrimination: Causes, Consequences an&lt;br /&gt;d Remedies&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 39: 4121-24&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Thorat, S and N Sadana (2009): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and ownership of private enterprises&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and ownership of private enterprises&quot;&gt;Caste and Ownership of Private Enterprises&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 41: 13-16&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html&quot;&gt;Caste can turn&lt;/a&gt; a boardroom into a classroom-Aakar Patel, Live Mint, 4 September, 2012&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075&quot; title=&quot;http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075&quot;&gt;Bite The Caste&lt;/a&gt; Bullet-Naren Karunakaran, Outlook, 2 May, 2009 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image courtesy: The Hindu, click &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
A fresh study conducted by D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena reveals that at a time when the issues of ethnic and racial inequalities is being discussed all over the world, our score is as pathetic as can be (see the link below for more info)even though caste-based discriminationis officially illegal in India. The im4change team strongly recommends that all journalists must read this study.It is noteworthy that the study covers both private and public sector firms that are publicly listed.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Carried in the prestigious Economic and Political Weekly, the study is an examination of the caste diversity of Indian corporate boards of a thousand top Indian companies listed in the top stock indices in India for the year 2010. These companies account for four-fifth of the market capitalisation of all listed companies measured by Blau Index. The big finding of the study is that there is no diversity in Indian boardrooms at all and the entire private sector is monopolised by a handful of upper castes. (The Blau Index is a diversity Index extensively used in social sciences which measures the probability of social mobility of individuals chosen from different backgrounds. The study titled &amp;quot;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&amp;quot; uses the median score on the basis of the Blau Index)
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The study says that &amp;quot;Indian corporate boards continue to remain &amp;lsquo;old boys clubs&#039; based on caste affiliation rather than on other considerations (like merit or experience).&amp;quot; According to the authors, &amp;quot;the study is a preliminary attempt to understand the influence of castein determining corporate control in India. In the process, it indirectly evaluates the progress made by 60 years of affirmative actionin promoting educational, job and social mobility in the Indian society.&amp;quot;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The authors painstakingly identified all given surnames of board membersthrough social networks. It reveals that about 93 per cent board members belonged to the forward castes. Among the most important questions the study raises is whether the auditors to these companies are also selected on the basis of the same caste affiliations which workfor the appointment of board members. Another important question is whether the companies&#039; boards need to reflect the diversity of their clientele? How many women are present in these boards is anybody&#039;s guess.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE GO TO THE LINKS BELOW:
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Corporate Boards in India&quot;&gt;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&lt;/a&gt; -D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, August 11, 2012, Vol xlvii, No. 31
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Missing from the Indian newsroom by Robin Jefrey, The Hindu, 9 April, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Akerlof, A G (1976): &amp;quot;The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales&amp;quot;, Quarterly, Journal of Economics, 90: 599-617, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Balasubramaniam, J (2011): &amp;quot;Dalits and a Lack of Diversity in the Newsroom&amp;quot;, Economic and Political Weekly, March 12, 2011, Vol xlvi, No 11, &lt;a href=&quot;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&quot;&gt;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul&lt;br /&gt;
1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Beteille, A (2012): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;The peculiar tenacity of caste&quot;&gt;The Peculiar Tenacity of Caste&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 44, 41-48,
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Desai, S (2010): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Sonal desai Caste and Census&quot;&gt;Caste and Census: A Forward Looking Strategy&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 42: 10-13
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Jodhka, S (2010): &amp;quot;Dalits in Business: Self-Employed Scheduled Castes inNorth-West India&amp;quot;, Working Paper Series, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Majumder, Rajarshi (2010): Intergenerational mobility in educational &amp;amp; occupational attainment: a comparative study of social classes in India, Margin , Vol. 4, No. 4 (November), &lt;a href=&quot;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&quot;&gt;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Thorat, S and K S Newman (2007): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and Economic Discrimination&quot;&gt;Caste and Economic Discrimination: Causes, Consequences and Remedies&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 39: 4121-24
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Thorat, S and N Sadana (2009): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and ownership of private enterprises&quot;&gt;Caste and Ownership of Private Enterprises&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 41: 13-16
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html&quot;&gt;Caste can turn&lt;/a&gt; a boardroom into a classroom-Aakar Patel, Live Mint, 4 September, 2012&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075&quot;&gt;Bite The Caste&lt;/a&gt; Bullet-Naren Karunakaran, Outlook, 2 May, 2009 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Image courtesy: The Hindu, click &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; 
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Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.



A fresh...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;A fresh study conducted by D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena reveals that at a time when the issues of ethnic and racial inequalities is being discussed all over the world, our score is as pathetic as can be (see the link below for more info)even though caste-based discriminationis officially illegal in India. The im4change team strongly recommends that all journalists must read this study.It is noteworthy that the study covers both private and public sector firms that are publicly listed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Carried in the prestigious Economic and Political Weekly, the study is an examination of the caste diversity of Indian corporate boards of a thousand top Indian companies listed in the top stock indices in India for the year 2010. These companies account for four-fifth of the market capitalisation of all listed companies measured by Blau Index. The big finding of the study is that there is no diversity in Indian boardrooms at all and the entire private sector is monopolised by a handful of upper castes. (The Blau Index is a diversity Index extensively used in social sciences which measures the probability of social mobility of individuals chosen from different backgrounds. The study titled &amp;quot;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&amp;quot; uses the median score on the basis of the Blau Index)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The study says that &amp;quot;Indian corporate boards continue to remain &amp;lsquo;old boys clubs&#039; based on caste affiliation rather than on other considerations (like merit or experience).&amp;quot; According to the authors, &amp;quot;the study is a preliminary attempt to understand the influence of castein determining corporate control in India. In the process, it indirectly evaluates the progress made by 60 years of affirmative actionin promoting educational, job and social mobility in the Indian society.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The authors painstakingly identified all given surnames of board membersthrough social networks. It reveals that about 93 per cent board members belonged to the forward castes. Among the most important questions the study raises is whether the auditors to these companies are also selected on the basis of the same caste affiliations which workfor the appointment of board members. Another important question is whether the companies&#039; boards need to reflect the diversity of their clientele? How many women are present in these boards is anybody&#039;s guess.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE GO TO THE LINKS BELOW:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Corporate Boards in India&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Corporate Boards in India&quot;&gt;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&lt;/a&gt; -D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, August 11, 2012, Vol xlvii, No. 31&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Missing from the Indian newsroom by Robin Jefrey, The Hindu, 9 April, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indi&lt;br /&gt;an-newsroom/article3294285.ece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Akerlof, A G (1976): &amp;quot;The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales&amp;quot;, Quarterly, Journal of Economics, 90: 599-617, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Balasubramaniam, J (2011): &amp;quot;Dalits and a Lack of Diversity in the Newsroom&amp;quot;, Economic and Political Weekly, March 12, 2011, Vol xlvi, No 11, &lt;a href=&quot;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&quot;&gt;http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2&lt;br /&gt;bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKq&lt;br /&gt;QhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Beteille, A (2012): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;The peculiar tenacity of caste&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;The peculiar tenacity of caste&quot;&gt;The Peculiar Tenacity of Caste&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 44, 41-48,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Desai, S (2010): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Sonal desai Caste and Census&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Sonal desai Caste and Census&quot;&gt;Caste and Census: A Forward Looking Strategy&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 42: 10-13&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Jodhka, S (2010): &amp;quot;Dalits in Business: Self-Employed Scheduled Castes inNorth-West India&amp;quot;, Working Paper Series, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Majumder, Rajarshi (2010): Intergenerational mobility in educational &amp;amp; occupational attainment: a comparative study of social classes in India, Margin , Vol. 4, No. 4 (November), &lt;a href=&quot;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&quot;&gt;http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Thorat, S and K S Newman (2007): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and Economic Discrimination&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and Economic Discrimination&quot;&gt;Caste and Economic Discrimination: Causes, Consequences an&lt;br /&gt;d Remedies&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 39: 4121-24&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Thorat, S and N Sadana (2009): &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and ownership of private enterprises&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Caste and ownership of private enterprises&quot;&gt;Caste and Ownership of Private Enterprises&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, Economic &amp;amp; Political Weekly, 41: 13-16&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html&quot;&gt;Caste can turn&lt;/a&gt; a boardroom into a classroom-Aakar Patel, Live Mint, 4 September, 2012&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075&quot; title=&quot;http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075&quot;&gt;Bite The Caste&lt;/a&gt; Bullet-Naren Karunakaran, Outlook, 2 May, 2009 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image courtesy: The Hindu, click &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;&#039;
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                <strong>Dismal Dalit Count in Indian Boardrooms</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.</div><br /><p align="justify">A fresh study conducted by D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena reveals that at a time when the issues of ethnic and racial inequalities is being discussed all over the world, our score is as pathetic as can be (see the link below for more info)even though caste-based discriminationis officially illegal in India. The im4change team strongly recommends that all journalists must read this study.It is noteworthy that the study covers both private and public sector firms that are publicly listed.</p><p align="justify">Carried in the prestigious Economic and Political Weekly, the study is an examination of the caste diversity of Indian corporate boards of a thousand top Indian companies listed in the top stock indices in India for the year 2010. These companies account for four-fifth of the market capitalisation of all listed companies measured by Blau Index. The big finding of the study is that there is no diversity in Indian boardrooms at all and the entire private sector is monopolised by a handful of upper castes. (The Blau Index is a diversity Index extensively used in social sciences which measures the probability of social mobility of individuals chosen from different backgrounds. The study titled &quot;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&quot; uses the median score on the basis of the Blau Index)</p><p align="justify">The study says that &quot;Indian corporate boards continue to remain &lsquo;old boys clubs' based on caste affiliation rather than on other considerations (like merit or experience).&quot; According to the authors, &quot;the study is a preliminary attempt to understand the influence of castein determining corporate control in India. In the process, it indirectly evaluates the progress made by 60 years of affirmative actionin promoting educational, job and social mobility in the Indian society.&quot;</p><p align="justify">The authors painstakingly identified all given surnames of board membersthrough social networks. It reveals that about 93 per cent board members belonged to the forward castes. Among the most important questions the study raises is whether the auditors to these companies are also selected on the basis of the same caste affiliations which workfor the appointment of board members. Another important question is whether the companies' boards need to reflect the diversity of their clientele? How many women are present in these boards is anybody's guess.</p><p align="justify">FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE GO TO THE LINKS BELOW:</p><p align="justify"><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf" title="Corporate Boards in India" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf" title="Corporate Boards in India">Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?</a> -D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, August 11, 2012, Vol xlvii, No. 31</p><p align="justify">Missing from the Indian newsroom by Robin Jefrey, The Hindu, 9 April, 2012, <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece" title="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece">http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indi<br />an-newsroom/article3294285.ece</a></p><p align="justify">Akerlof, A G (1976): &quot;The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales&quot;, Quarterly, Journal of Economics, 90: 599-617, <a href="http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf" title="http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf">http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">Balasubramaniam, J (2011): &quot;Dalits and a Lack of Diversity in the Newsroom&quot;, Economic and Political Weekly, March 12, 2011, Vol xlvi, No 11, <a href="http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf" title="http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf">http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2<br />bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKq<br />QhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">Beteille, A (2012): &quot;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf" title="The peculiar tenacity of caste" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf" title="The peculiar tenacity of caste">The Peculiar Tenacity of Caste</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 44, 41-48,</p><p align="justify">Desai, S (2010): &quot;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf" title="Sonal desai Caste and Census" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf" title="Sonal desai Caste and Census">Caste and Census: A Forward Looking Strategy</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 42: 10-13</p><p align="justify">Jodhka, S (2010): &quot;Dalits in Business: Self-Employed Scheduled Castes inNorth-West India&quot;, Working Paper Series, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi, <a href="http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf" title="http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf">http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">Majumder, Rajarshi (2010): Intergenerational mobility in educational &amp; occupational attainment: a comparative study of social classes in India, Margin , Vol. 4, No. 4 (November), <a href="http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf" title="http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf">http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">Thorat, S and K S Newman (2007): &quot;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf" title="Caste and Economic Discrimination" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf" title="Caste and Economic Discrimination">Caste and Economic Discrimination: Causes, Consequences an<br />d Remedies</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 39: 4121-24</p><p align="justify">Thorat, S and N Sadana (2009): &quot;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf" title="Caste and ownership of private enterprises" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf" title="Caste and ownership of private enterprises">Caste and Ownership of Private Enterprises</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 41: 13-16</p><p align="justify"><a href="http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html" title="http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html">Caste can turn</a> a boardroom into a classroom-Aakar Patel, Live Mint, 4 September, 2012<br /><br /><a href="http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075" title="http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075">Bite The Caste</a> Bullet-Naren Karunakaran, Outlook, 2 May, 2009 </p><p align="justify"><strong>Image courtesy: The Hindu, click <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg" title="http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg">here</a></strong>&nbsp; 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		'title' => 'Dismal Dalit Count in Indian Boardrooms',
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		'description' => '<div align="justify">
Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.
</div>
<br />
<p align="justify">
A fresh study conducted by D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena reveals that at a time when the issues of ethnic and racial inequalities is being discussed all over the world, our score is as pathetic as can be (see the link below for more info)even though caste-based discriminationis officially illegal in India. The im4change team strongly recommends that all journalists must read this study.It is noteworthy that the study covers both private and public sector firms that are publicly listed.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Carried in the prestigious Economic and Political Weekly, the study is an examination of the caste diversity of Indian corporate boards of a thousand top Indian companies listed in the top stock indices in India for the year 2010. These companies account for four-fifth of the market capitalisation of all listed companies measured by Blau Index. The big finding of the study is that there is no diversity in Indian boardrooms at all and the entire private sector is monopolised by a handful of upper castes. (The Blau Index is a diversity Index extensively used in social sciences which measures the probability of social mobility of individuals chosen from different backgrounds. The study titled &quot;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&quot; uses the median score on the basis of the Blau Index)
</p>
<p align="justify">
The study says that &quot;Indian corporate boards continue to remain &lsquo;old boys clubs' based on caste affiliation rather than on other considerations (like merit or experience).&quot; According to the authors, &quot;the study is a preliminary attempt to understand the influence of castein determining corporate control in India. In the process, it indirectly evaluates the progress made by 60 years of affirmative actionin promoting educational, job and social mobility in the Indian society.&quot;
</p>
<p align="justify">
The authors painstakingly identified all given surnames of board membersthrough social networks. It reveals that about 93 per cent board members belonged to the forward castes. Among the most important questions the study raises is whether the auditors to these companies are also selected on the basis of the same caste affiliations which workfor the appointment of board members. Another important question is whether the companies' boards need to reflect the diversity of their clientele? How many women are present in these boards is anybody's guess.
</p>
<p align="justify">
FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE GO TO THE LINKS BELOW:
</p>
<p align="justify">
<a href="tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf" title="Corporate Boards in India">Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?</a> -D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, August 11, 2012, Vol xlvii, No. 31
</p>
<p align="justify">
Missing from the Indian newsroom by Robin Jefrey, The Hindu, 9 April, 2012, <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece">http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece</a>
</p>
<p align="justify">
Akerlof, A G (1976): &quot;The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales&quot;, Quarterly, Journal of Economics, 90: 599-617, <a href="http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf">http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf</a>
</p>
<p align="justify">
Balasubramaniam, J (2011): &quot;Dalits and a Lack of Diversity in the Newsroom&quot;, Economic and Political Weekly, March 12, 2011, Vol xlvi, No 11, <a href="http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf">http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul<br />
1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf</a>
</p>
<p align="justify">
Beteille, A (2012): &quot;<a href="tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf" title="The peculiar tenacity of caste">The Peculiar Tenacity of Caste</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 44, 41-48,
</p>
<p align="justify">
Desai, S (2010): &quot;<a href="tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf" title="Sonal desai Caste and Census">Caste and Census: A Forward Looking Strategy</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 42: 10-13
</p>
<p align="justify">
Jodhka, S (2010): &quot;Dalits in Business: Self-Employed Scheduled Castes inNorth-West India&quot;, Working Paper Series, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi, <a href="http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf">http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf</a>
</p>
<p align="justify">
Majumder, Rajarshi (2010): Intergenerational mobility in educational &amp; occupational attainment: a comparative study of social classes in India, Margin , Vol. 4, No. 4 (November), <a href="http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf">http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf</a>
</p>
<p align="justify">
Thorat, S and K S Newman (2007): &quot;<a href="tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf" title="Caste and Economic Discrimination">Caste and Economic Discrimination: Causes, Consequences and Remedies</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 39: 4121-24
</p>
<p align="justify">
Thorat, S and N Sadana (2009): &quot;<a href="tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf" title="Caste and ownership of private enterprises">Caste and Ownership of Private Enterprises</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 41: 13-16
</p>
<p align="justify">
<a href="http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html">Caste can turn</a> a boardroom into a classroom-Aakar Patel, Live Mint, 4 September, 2012<br />
<br />
<a href="http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075">Bite The Caste</a> Bullet-Naren Karunakaran, Outlook, 2 May, 2009 
</p>
<p align="justify">
<strong>Image courtesy: The Hindu, click <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg">here</a></strong>&nbsp; 
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Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.



A fresh...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.</div><br /><p align="justify">A fresh study conducted by D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena reveals that at a time when the issues of ethnic and racial inequalities is being discussed all over the world, our score is as pathetic as can be (see the link below for more info)even though caste-based discriminationis officially illegal in India. The im4change team strongly recommends that all journalists must read this study.It is noteworthy that the study covers both private and public sector firms that are publicly listed.</p><p align="justify">Carried in the prestigious Economic and Political Weekly, the study is an examination of the caste diversity of Indian corporate boards of a thousand top Indian companies listed in the top stock indices in India for the year 2010. These companies account for four-fifth of the market capitalisation of all listed companies measured by Blau Index. The big finding of the study is that there is no diversity in Indian boardrooms at all and the entire private sector is monopolised by a handful of upper castes. (The Blau Index is a diversity Index extensively used in social sciences which measures the probability of social mobility of individuals chosen from different backgrounds. The study titled &quot;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&quot; uses the median score on the basis of the Blau Index)</p><p align="justify">The study says that &quot;Indian corporate boards continue to remain &lsquo;old boys clubs' based on caste affiliation rather than on other considerations (like merit or experience).&quot; According to the authors, &quot;the study is a preliminary attempt to understand the influence of castein determining corporate control in India. In the process, it indirectly evaluates the progress made by 60 years of affirmative actionin promoting educational, job and social mobility in the Indian society.&quot;</p><p align="justify">The authors painstakingly identified all given surnames of board membersthrough social networks. It reveals that about 93 per cent board members belonged to the forward castes. Among the most important questions the study raises is whether the auditors to these companies are also selected on the basis of the same caste affiliations which workfor the appointment of board members. Another important question is whether the companies' boards need to reflect the diversity of their clientele? How many women are present in these boards is anybody's guess.</p><p align="justify">FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE GO TO THE LINKS BELOW:</p><p align="justify"><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf" title="Corporate Boards in India" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf" title="Corporate Boards in India">Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?</a> -D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, August 11, 2012, Vol xlvii, No. 31</p><p align="justify">Missing from the Indian newsroom by Robin Jefrey, The Hindu, 9 April, 2012, <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece" title="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece">http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indi<br />an-newsroom/article3294285.ece</a></p><p align="justify">Akerlof, A G (1976): &quot;The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales&quot;, Quarterly, Journal of Economics, 90: 599-617, <a href="http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf" title="http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf">http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">Balasubramaniam, J (2011): &quot;Dalits and a Lack of Diversity in the Newsroom&quot;, Economic and Political Weekly, March 12, 2011, Vol xlvi, No 11, <a href="http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf" title="http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf">http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2<br />bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKq<br />QhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">Beteille, A (2012): &quot;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf" title="The peculiar tenacity of caste" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf" title="The peculiar tenacity of caste">The Peculiar Tenacity of Caste</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 44, 41-48,</p><p align="justify">Desai, S (2010): &quot;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf" title="Sonal desai Caste and Census" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf" title="Sonal desai Caste and Census">Caste and Census: A Forward Looking Strategy</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 42: 10-13</p><p align="justify">Jodhka, S (2010): &quot;Dalits in Business: Self-Employed Scheduled Castes inNorth-West India&quot;, Working Paper Series, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi, <a href="http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf" title="http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf">http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">Majumder, Rajarshi (2010): Intergenerational mobility in educational &amp; occupational attainment: a comparative study of social classes in India, Margin , Vol. 4, No. 4 (November), <a href="http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf" title="http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf">http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">Thorat, S and K S Newman (2007): &quot;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf" title="Caste and Economic Discrimination" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf" title="Caste and Economic Discrimination">Caste and Economic Discrimination: Causes, Consequences an<br />d Remedies</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 39: 4121-24</p><p align="justify">Thorat, S and N Sadana (2009): &quot;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf" title="Caste and ownership of private enterprises" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf" title="Caste and ownership of private enterprises">Caste and Ownership of Private Enterprises</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 41: 13-16</p><p align="justify"><a href="http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html" title="http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html">Caste can turn</a> a boardroom into a classroom-Aakar Patel, Live Mint, 4 September, 2012<br /><br /><a href="http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075" title="http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075">Bite The Caste</a> Bullet-Naren Karunakaran, Outlook, 2 May, 2009 </p><p align="justify"><strong>Image courtesy: The Hindu, click <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg" title="http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg">here</a></strong>&nbsp; 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	'title' => 'Dismal Dalit Count in Indian Boardrooms',
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Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.
</div>
<br />
<p align="justify">
A fresh study conducted by D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena reveals that at a time when the issues of ethnic and racial inequalities is being discussed all over the world, our score is as pathetic as can be (see the link below for more info)even though caste-based discriminationis officially illegal in India. The im4change team strongly recommends that all journalists must read this study.It is noteworthy that the study covers both private and public sector firms that are publicly listed.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Carried in the prestigious Economic and Political Weekly, the study is an examination of the caste diversity of Indian corporate boards of a thousand top Indian companies listed in the top stock indices in India for the year 2010. These companies account for four-fifth of the market capitalisation of all listed companies measured by Blau Index. The big finding of the study is that there is no diversity in Indian boardrooms at all and the entire private sector is monopolised by a handful of upper castes. (The Blau Index is a diversity Index extensively used in social sciences which measures the probability of social mobility of individuals chosen from different backgrounds. The study titled &quot;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&quot; uses the median score on the basis of the Blau Index)
</p>
<p align="justify">
The study says that &quot;Indian corporate boards continue to remain &lsquo;old boys clubs' based on caste affiliation rather than on other considerations (like merit or experience).&quot; According to the authors, &quot;the study is a preliminary attempt to understand the influence of castein determining corporate control in India. In the process, it indirectly evaluates the progress made by 60 years of affirmative actionin promoting educational, job and social mobility in the Indian society.&quot;
</p>
<p align="justify">
The authors painstakingly identified all given surnames of board membersthrough social networks. It reveals that about 93 per cent board members belonged to the forward castes. Among the most important questions the study raises is whether the auditors to these companies are also selected on the basis of the same caste affiliations which workfor the appointment of board members. Another important question is whether the companies' boards need to reflect the diversity of their clientele? How many women are present in these boards is anybody's guess.
</p>
<p align="justify">
FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE GO TO THE LINKS BELOW:
</p>
<p align="justify">
<a href="tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf" title="Corporate Boards in India">Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?</a> -D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, August 11, 2012, Vol xlvii, No. 31
</p>
<p align="justify">
Missing from the Indian newsroom by Robin Jefrey, The Hindu, 9 April, 2012, <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece">http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece</a>
</p>
<p align="justify">
Akerlof, A G (1976): &quot;The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales&quot;, Quarterly, Journal of Economics, 90: 599-617, <a href="http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf">http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf</a>
</p>
<p align="justify">
Balasubramaniam, J (2011): &quot;Dalits and a Lack of Diversity in the Newsroom&quot;, Economic and Political Weekly, March 12, 2011, Vol xlvi, No 11, <a href="http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf">http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul<br />
1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf</a>
</p>
<p align="justify">
Beteille, A (2012): &quot;<a href="tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf" title="The peculiar tenacity of caste">The Peculiar Tenacity of Caste</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 44, 41-48,
</p>
<p align="justify">
Desai, S (2010): &quot;<a href="tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf" title="Sonal desai Caste and Census">Caste and Census: A Forward Looking Strategy</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 42: 10-13
</p>
<p align="justify">
Jodhka, S (2010): &quot;Dalits in Business: Self-Employed Scheduled Castes inNorth-West India&quot;, Working Paper Series, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi, <a href="http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf">http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf</a>
</p>
<p align="justify">
Majumder, Rajarshi (2010): Intergenerational mobility in educational &amp; occupational attainment: a comparative study of social classes in India, Margin , Vol. 4, No. 4 (November), <a href="http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf">http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf</a>
</p>
<p align="justify">
Thorat, S and K S Newman (2007): &quot;<a href="tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf" title="Caste and Economic Discrimination">Caste and Economic Discrimination: Causes, Consequences and Remedies</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 39: 4121-24
</p>
<p align="justify">
Thorat, S and N Sadana (2009): &quot;<a href="tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf" title="Caste and ownership of private enterprises">Caste and Ownership of Private Enterprises</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 41: 13-16
</p>
<p align="justify">
<a href="http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html">Caste can turn</a> a boardroom into a classroom-Aakar Patel, Live Mint, 4 September, 2012<br />
<br />
<a href="http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075">Bite The Caste</a> Bullet-Naren Karunakaran, Outlook, 2 May, 2009 
</p>
<p align="justify">
<strong>Image courtesy: The Hindu, click <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg">here</a></strong>&nbsp; 
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Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.



A fresh...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero.</div><br /><p align="justify">A fresh study conducted by D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena reveals that at a time when the issues of ethnic and racial inequalities is being discussed all over the world, our score is as pathetic as can be (see the link below for more info)even though caste-based discriminationis officially illegal in India. The im4change team strongly recommends that all journalists must read this study.It is noteworthy that the study covers both private and public sector firms that are publicly listed.</p><p align="justify">Carried in the prestigious Economic and Political Weekly, the study is an examination of the caste diversity of Indian corporate boards of a thousand top Indian companies listed in the top stock indices in India for the year 2010. These companies account for four-fifth of the market capitalisation of all listed companies measured by Blau Index. The big finding of the study is that there is no diversity in Indian boardrooms at all and the entire private sector is monopolised by a handful of upper castes. (The Blau Index is a diversity Index extensively used in social sciences which measures the probability of social mobility of individuals chosen from different backgrounds. The study titled &quot;Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?&quot; uses the median score on the basis of the Blau Index)</p><p align="justify">The study says that &quot;Indian corporate boards continue to remain &lsquo;old boys clubs' based on caste affiliation rather than on other considerations (like merit or experience).&quot; According to the authors, &quot;the study is a preliminary attempt to understand the influence of castein determining corporate control in India. In the process, it indirectly evaluates the progress made by 60 years of affirmative actionin promoting educational, job and social mobility in the Indian society.&quot;</p><p align="justify">The authors painstakingly identified all given surnames of board membersthrough social networks. It reveals that about 93 per cent board members belonged to the forward castes. Among the most important questions the study raises is whether the auditors to these companies are also selected on the basis of the same caste affiliations which workfor the appointment of board members. Another important question is whether the companies' boards need to reflect the diversity of their clientele? How many women are present in these boards is anybody's guess.</p><p align="justify">FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE GO TO THE LINKS BELOW:</p><p align="justify"><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf" title="Corporate Boards in India" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Corporate%20Boards%20in%20India_1.pdf" title="Corporate Boards in India">Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?</a> -D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, August 11, 2012, Vol xlvii, No. 31</p><p align="justify">Missing from the Indian newsroom by Robin Jefrey, The Hindu, 9 April, 2012, <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece" title="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indian-newsroom/article3294285.ece">http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indi<br />an-newsroom/article3294285.ece</a></p><p align="justify">Akerlof, A G (1976): &quot;The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales&quot;, Quarterly, Journal of Economics, 90: 599-617, <a href="http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf" title="http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf">http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">Balasubramaniam, J (2011): &quot;Dalits and a Lack of Diversity in the Newsroom&quot;, Economic and Political Weekly, March 12, 2011, Vol xlvi, No 11, <a href="http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf" title="http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKqQhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf">http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2<br />bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKq<br />QhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">Beteille, A (2012): &quot;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf" title="The peculiar tenacity of caste" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/The_Peculiar_Tenacity_of_Caste_1.pdf" title="The peculiar tenacity of caste">The Peculiar Tenacity of Caste</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 44, 41-48,</p><p align="justify">Desai, S (2010): &quot;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf" title="Sonal desai Caste and Census" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/sonal%20desai%202010%20caste%20and%20census_1.pdf" title="Sonal desai Caste and Census">Caste and Census: A Forward Looking Strategy</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 42: 10-13</p><p align="justify">Jodhka, S (2010): &quot;Dalits in Business: Self-Employed Scheduled Castes inNorth-West India&quot;, Working Paper Series, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi, <a href="http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf" title="http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf">http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">Majumder, Rajarshi (2010): Intergenerational mobility in educational &amp; occupational attainment: a comparative study of social classes in India, Margin , Vol. 4, No. 4 (November), <a href="http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf" title="http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf">http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">Thorat, S and K S Newman (2007): &quot;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf" title="Caste and Economic Discrimination" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Economic_Discrimination_Causes_Consequences_and_Remedies_1.pdf" title="Caste and Economic Discrimination">Caste and Economic Discrimination: Causes, Consequences an<br />d Remedies</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 39: 4121-24</p><p align="justify">Thorat, S and N Sadana (2009): &quot;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf" title="Caste and ownership of private enterprises" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Caste_and_Ownership_of_Private_Enterprises_1.pdf" title="Caste and ownership of private enterprises">Caste and Ownership of Private Enterprises</a>&quot;, Economic &amp; Political Weekly, 41: 13-16</p><p align="justify"><a href="http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html" title="http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/viAP0vlZLCDDMdFXPZDElI/Caste-can-turn-a-boardroom-into-a-classroom.html">Caste can turn</a> a boardroom into a classroom-Aakar Patel, Live Mint, 4 September, 2012<br /><br /><a href="http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075" title="http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102075">Bite The Caste</a> Bullet-Naren Karunakaran, Outlook, 2 May, 2009 </p><p align="justify"><strong>Image courtesy: The Hindu, click <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg" title="http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01427/14OEB_AMBEDKAR_1427379e.jpg">here</a></strong>&nbsp; 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Dismal Dalit Count in Indian Boardrooms

Guess what is the total percentage of dalit or tribal members in the boards of big Indian private and public sector companies listed on the stock exchange? Well, shocking as it might be, the real count is nearly zero. A fresh study conducted by D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena reveals that at a time when the issues of ethnic and racial inequalities is being discussed all over the world, our score is as pathetic as can be (see the link below for more info)even though caste-based discriminationis officially illegal in India. The im4change team strongly recommends that all journalists must read this study.It is noteworthy that the study covers both private and public sector firms that are publicly listed. Carried in the prestigious Economic and Political Weekly, the study is an examination of the caste diversity of Indian corporate boards of a thousand top Indian companies listed in the top stock indices in India for the year 2010. These companies account for four-fifth of the market capitalisation of all listed companies measured by Blau Index. The big finding of the study is that there is no diversity in Indian boardrooms at all and the entire private sector is monopolised by a handful of upper castes. (The Blau Index is a diversity Index extensively used in social sciences which measures the probability of social mobility of individuals chosen from different backgrounds. The study titled "Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste?" uses the median score on the basis of the Blau Index) The study says that "Indian corporate boards continue to remain ‘old boys clubs' based on caste affiliation rather than on other considerations (like merit or experience)." According to the authors, "the study is a preliminary attempt to understand the influence of castein determining corporate control in India. In the process, it indirectly evaluates the progress made by 60 years of affirmative actionin promoting educational, job and social mobility in the Indian society." The authors painstakingly identified all given surnames of board membersthrough social networks. It reveals that about 93 per cent board members belonged to the forward castes. Among the most important questions the study raises is whether the auditors to these companies are also selected on the basis of the same caste affiliations which workfor the appointment of board members. Another important question is whether the companies' boards need to reflect the diversity of their clientele? How many women are present in these boards is anybody's guess. FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE GO TO THE LINKS BELOW: Corporate Boards in India: Blocked by Caste? -D Ajit, Han Donker and Ravi Saxena, Economic & Political Weekly, August 11, 2012, Vol xlvii, No. 31 Missing from the Indian newsroom by Robin Jefrey, The Hindu, 9 April, 2012, http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/missing-from-the-indi an-newsroom/article3294285.ece Akerlof, A G (1976): "The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales", Quarterly, Journal of Economics, 90: 599-617, http://www.unc.edu/~shanda/courses/plcy289/Akerlof_Rat_Race.pdf Balasubramaniam, J (2011): "Dalits and a Lack of Diversity in the Newsroom", Economic and Political Weekly, March 12, 2011, Vol xlvi, No 11, http://api.ning.com/files/UdErTnmXwtRfZ1gMfnMZozxYRuDavim2 bZGz6Ul1vyICwIXgz8inVEJ7id9WiJdXGWimyevbETJBZed0e7OR8VZLKq QhKa1h/Dalitsinnewsroom.pdf Beteille, A (2012): "The Peculiar Tenacity of Caste", Economic & Political Weekly, 44, 41-48, Desai, S (2010): "Caste and Census: A Forward Looking Strategy", Economic & Political Weekly, 42: 10-13 Jodhka, S (2010): "Dalits in Business: Self-Employed Scheduled Castes inNorth-West India", Working Paper Series, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi, http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/wp/1002.pdf Majumder, Rajarshi (2010): Intergenerational mobility in educational & occupational attainment: a comparative study of social classes in India, Margin , Vol. 4, No. 4 (November), http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf Thorat, S and K S Newman (2007): "Caste and Economic Discrimination: Causes, Consequences an d Remedies", Economic & Political Weekly, 39: 4121-24 Thorat, S and N Sadana (2009): "Caste and Ownership of Private Enterprises", Economic & Political Weekly, 41: 13-16 Caste can turn a boardroom into a classroom-Aakar Patel, Live Mint, 4 September, 2012 Bite The Caste Bullet-Naren Karunakaran, Outlook, 2 May, 2009 Image courtesy: The Hindu, click here