Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Evidence lacking for India&amp;#039;s MDG accomplishment on hunger&#039;,
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&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&amp;mdash;one of the targets set under the erstwhile &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;Millennium Development Goals&lt;/a&gt; framework (replaced recently by SDGs). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is because the recently released data by the &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;National Family Health Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2015-16) and the &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;District-level Household and Facility Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2012-13) have not given any information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Even the &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;Rapid Survey on Children&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2013-14), who&amp;rsquo;s alleged late release by the Government created much hue and cry in the media, has not given information for the same indicator.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All the above-mentioned surveys, namely the NFHS-4, DLHS-4 and the RSOC have given information for the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first three rounds of the National Family Health Survey, viz. NFHS-1 (conducted in 1992-93), NFHS-2 (conducted in 1998-99) and NFHS-3 (conducted in 2005-06) had provided information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (and also for children below 5 years). &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As per the India Country Report 2015 on MDGs (released by MoSPI), the previous rounds of National Family Health Survey shows that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; has declined by 3 percentage points during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 43 percent to about 40 percent. Based on this historical trend of decline, it is expected by the Government that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; will come down to about 33 percent only by 2015 vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the target value of 26 percent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, it is not yet clear from official statistics that exactly what &amp;lsquo;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&amp;rsquo; lived in India during 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Indicator to measure the target of hunger reduction under MDGs&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In the absence of data for the indicator &#039;proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption&#039;, the other indicator that has been used officially in India so as to track its achievement of Target 2 of the MDGs is &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access the India Country Report 2015 on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), prepared by MoSPI). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Target 2 of the MDGs, as mentioned above, is to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger (see the chart on MDGs below). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Chart 1: MDGs and Targets--Summary of Progress achieved by India&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/MDG%20chart.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;MDG chart&quot; width=&quot;263&quot; height=&quot;279&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is worth mentioning that when the MDGs came into being in the year 2000, eighteen targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for attaining the eight goals. The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) during 2003 provided a framework of 53 indicators (48 basic + 5 alternative) which were categorized according to targets, for measuring the progress towards individual targets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
India&amp;rsquo;s MDG framework is based on UNDG&amp;rsquo;s MDG 2003 framework, and it includes all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 Targets (Targets 1 to 11 &amp;amp; 18) which are relevant for India and related 35 indicators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As per the Statistical Yearbook of India 2016, the country&#039;s MDG-framework has been contextualized through a concordance with the existing official indicators of corresponding dimensions in the national statistical system. These 12 targets and 35 indicators under the 8 Goals constituted the instrument for statistical tracking of the MDGs in India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The eight MDGs are: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for Development&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;District-level NFHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) NFHS-4 data for 13 states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand &amp;amp; West Bengal, and two Union Territories (UTs) of Andaman &amp;amp; Nicobar Islands and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The district-level factsheets of NFHS-4 gives information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;District-level DLHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) DLHS-4 data for 18 states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharasthra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and West Bengal, and also for 3 UTs of Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the district-level DLHS-4 factsheets have not provided information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting, stunting and underweight, the state-level factsheets provide information on the same indicators. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The DLHS-4 district-level factsheets have provided information on other indicators such as proportion of children suffering from anaemia (for various age-groups), percentage of children weighed at birth, proportion of children aged 0-5 months who are exclusively breastfed etc. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-13), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, &lt;a href=&quot;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&quot;&gt;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Chapter 45 MDGs&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MDG India Country Report 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
India Health Report: Nutrition 2015 by Public Health Foundation of India, Transform Nutrition and UK Aid, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (provisional data), Ministry of Women and Child Development, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf&quot; title=&quot;RSOC national factsheet&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
One-third of West Bengal kids stunted &amp;amp; underweight, informs NFHS-4, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
Doubts over Maharashtra&#039;s Nutritional Progress? please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
IFPRI report shows under-nutrition has fallen, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Child Malnutrition declining, though not fast enough, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MDGs: A neglected agenda for inclusiveness, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
India&#039;s MDG Score Card: Glass Half Full or Half Empty?, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Suppression of Child Malnutrition Survey Data to Shield Gujarat -Amit Sengupta, Newsclick.in, 9 July, 2015, please &lt;a href=&quot;../latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: UNDP India&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&amp;mdash;one of the targets...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&amp;mdash;one of the targets set under the erstwhile &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;Millennium Development Goals&lt;/a&gt; framework (replaced recently by SDGs). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is because the recently released data by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;National Family Health Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2015-16) and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;District-level Household and Facility Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2012-13) have not given any information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even the &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;Rapid Survey on Children&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2013-14), who&amp;rsquo;s alleged late release by the Government created much hue and cry in the media, has not given information for the same indicator.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All the above-mentioned surveys, namely the NFHS-4, DLHS-4 and the RSOC have given information for the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first three rounds of the National Family Health Survey, viz. NFHS-1 (conducted in 1992-93), NFHS-2 (conducted in 1998-99) and NFHS-3 (conducted in 2005-06) had provided information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (and also for children below 5 years). &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As per the India Country Report 2015 on MDGs (released by MoSPI), the previous rounds of National Family Health Survey shows that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; has declined by 3 percentage points during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 43 percent to about 40 percent. Based on this historical trend of decline, it is expected by the Government that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; will come down to about 33 percent only by 2015 vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the target value of 26 percent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Therefore, it is not yet clear from official statistics that exactly what &amp;lsquo;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&amp;rsquo; lived in India during 2015.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Indicator to measure the target of hunger reduction under MDGs&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the absence of data for the indicator &#039;proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption&#039;, the other indicator that has been used officially in India so as to track its achievement of Target 2 of the MDGs is &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access the India Country Report 2015 on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), prepared by MoSPI). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Target 2 of the MDGs, as mentioned above, is to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger (see the chart on MDGs below). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chart 1: MDGs and Targets--Summary of Progress achieved by India&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MDG%20chart.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;MDG chart&quot; width=&quot;263&quot; height=&quot;279&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is worth mentioning that when the MDGs came into being in the year 2000, eighteen targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for attaining the eight goals. The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) during 2003 provided a framework of 53 indicators (48 basic + 5 alternative) which were categorized according to targets, for measuring the progress towards individual targets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India&amp;rsquo;s MDG framework is based on UNDG&amp;rsquo;s MDG 2003 framework, and it includes all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 Targets (Targets 1 to 11 &amp;amp; 18) which are relevant for India and related 35 indicators.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As per the Statistical Yearbook of India 2016, the country&#039;s MDG-framework has been contextualized through a concordance with the existing official indicators of corresponding dimensions in the national statistical system. These 12 targets and 35 indicators under the 8 Goals constituted the instrument for statistical tracking of the MDGs in India.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The eight MDGs are: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger&lt;br /&gt;Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education&lt;br /&gt;Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women&lt;br /&gt;Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality&lt;br /&gt;Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health&lt;br /&gt;Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB&lt;br /&gt;Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability&lt;br /&gt;Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for Development&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;District-level NFHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) NFHS-4 data for 13 states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand &amp;amp; West Bengal, and two Union Territories (UTs) of Andaman &amp;amp; Nicobar Islands and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The district-level factsheets of NFHS-4 gives information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;District-level DLHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) DLHS-4 data for 18 states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharasthra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and West Bengal, and also for 3 UTs of Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although the district-level DLHS-4 factsheets have not provided information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting, stunting and underweight, the state-level factsheets provide information on the same indicators. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The DLHS-4 district-level factsheets have provided information on other indicators such as proportion of children suffering from anaemia (for various age-groups), percentage of children weighed at birth, proportion of children aged 0-5 months who are exclusively breastfed etc. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-13), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, &lt;a href=&quot;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&quot; title=&quot;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&quot;&gt;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&quot; title=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&quot; title=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Chapter 45 MDGs&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Chapter 45 MDGs&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MDG India Country Report 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India Health Report: Nutrition 2015 by Public Health Foundation of India, Transform Nutrition and UK Aid, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (provisional data), Ministry of Women and Child Development, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf&quot; title=&quot;RSOC national factsheet&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf&quot; title=&quot;RSOC national factsheet&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;One-third of West Bengal kids stunted &amp;amp; underweight, informs NFHS-4, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Doubts over Maharashtra&#039;s Nutritional Progress? please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IFPRI report shows under-nutrition has fallen, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Child Malnutrition declining, though not fast enough, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MDGs: A neglected agenda for inclusiveness, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India&#039;s MDG Score Card: Glass Half Full or Half Empty?, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Suppression of Child Malnutrition Survey Data to Shield Gujarat -Amit Sengupta, Newsclick.in, 9 July, 2015, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: UNDP India&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
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	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 30582,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Evidence lacking for India&amp;#039;s MDG accomplishment on hunger&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&amp;mdash;one of the targets set under the erstwhile &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;Millennium Development Goals&lt;/a&gt; framework (replaced recently by SDGs). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is because the recently released data by the &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;National Family Health Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2015-16) and the &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;District-level Household and Facility Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2012-13) have not given any information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Even the &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;Rapid Survey on Children&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2013-14), who&amp;rsquo;s alleged late release by the Government created much hue and cry in the media, has not given information for the same indicator.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All the above-mentioned surveys, namely the NFHS-4, DLHS-4 and the RSOC have given information for the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first three rounds of the National Family Health Survey, viz. NFHS-1 (conducted in 1992-93), NFHS-2 (conducted in 1998-99) and NFHS-3 (conducted in 2005-06) had provided information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (and also for children below 5 years). &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As per the India Country Report 2015 on MDGs (released by MoSPI), the previous rounds of National Family Health Survey shows that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; has declined by 3 percentage points during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 43 percent to about 40 percent. Based on this historical trend of decline, it is expected by the Government that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; will come down to about 33 percent only by 2015 vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the target value of 26 percent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, it is not yet clear from official statistics that exactly what &amp;lsquo;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&amp;rsquo; lived in India during 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Indicator to measure the target of hunger reduction under MDGs&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In the absence of data for the indicator &#039;proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption&#039;, the other indicator that has been used officially in India so as to track its achievement of Target 2 of the MDGs is &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access the India Country Report 2015 on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), prepared by MoSPI). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Target 2 of the MDGs, as mentioned above, is to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger (see the chart on MDGs below). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Chart 1: MDGs and Targets--Summary of Progress achieved by India&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/MDG%20chart.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;MDG chart&quot; width=&quot;263&quot; height=&quot;279&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is worth mentioning that when the MDGs came into being in the year 2000, eighteen targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for attaining the eight goals. The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) during 2003 provided a framework of 53 indicators (48 basic + 5 alternative) which were categorized according to targets, for measuring the progress towards individual targets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
India&amp;rsquo;s MDG framework is based on UNDG&amp;rsquo;s MDG 2003 framework, and it includes all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 Targets (Targets 1 to 11 &amp;amp; 18) which are relevant for India and related 35 indicators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As per the Statistical Yearbook of India 2016, the country&#039;s MDG-framework has been contextualized through a concordance with the existing official indicators of corresponding dimensions in the national statistical system. These 12 targets and 35 indicators under the 8 Goals constituted the instrument for statistical tracking of the MDGs in India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The eight MDGs are: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for Development&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;District-level NFHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) NFHS-4 data for 13 states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand &amp;amp; West Bengal, and two Union Territories (UTs) of Andaman &amp;amp; Nicobar Islands and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The district-level factsheets of NFHS-4 gives information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;District-level DLHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) DLHS-4 data for 18 states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharasthra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and West Bengal, and also for 3 UTs of Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the district-level DLHS-4 factsheets have not provided information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting, stunting and underweight, the state-level factsheets provide information on the same indicators. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The DLHS-4 district-level factsheets have provided information on other indicators such as proportion of children suffering from anaemia (for various age-groups), percentage of children weighed at birth, proportion of children aged 0-5 months who are exclusively breastfed etc. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-13), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, &lt;a href=&quot;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&quot;&gt;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Chapter 45 MDGs&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MDG India Country Report 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
India Health Report: Nutrition 2015 by Public Health Foundation of India, Transform Nutrition and UK Aid, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (provisional data), Ministry of Women and Child Development, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf&quot; title=&quot;RSOC national factsheet&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
One-third of West Bengal kids stunted &amp;amp; underweight, informs NFHS-4, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
Doubts over Maharashtra&#039;s Nutritional Progress? please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
IFPRI report shows under-nutrition has fallen, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Child Malnutrition declining, though not fast enough, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MDGs: A neglected agenda for inclusiveness, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
India&#039;s MDG Score Card: Glass Half Full or Half Empty?, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Suppression of Child Malnutrition Survey Data to Shield Gujarat -Amit Sengupta, Newsclick.in, 9 July, 2015, please &lt;a href=&quot;../latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: UNDP India&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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$metaTitle = &#039;NEWS ALERTS | Evidence lacking for India&amp;#039;s MDG accomplishment on hunger&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Sustainable Development Goals,millennium development goal,millennium development goals,MDGs,SDGs,national family health survey,NFHS,NFHS-3,NFHS-4,NFHS-2,NFHS-1,Rapid Survey on Children,rsoc,Malnutrition,Hunger,Food Security,Right to Food,Stunting,Wasting,Underweight,Undernutrition&#039;
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Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&amp;mdash;one of the targets...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&amp;mdash;one of the targets set under the erstwhile &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;Millennium Development Goals&lt;/a&gt; framework (replaced recently by SDGs). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is because the recently released data by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;National Family Health Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2015-16) and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;District-level Household and Facility Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2012-13) have not given any information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even the &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;Rapid Survey on Children&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2013-14), who&amp;rsquo;s alleged late release by the Government created much hue and cry in the media, has not given information for the same indicator.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All the above-mentioned surveys, namely the NFHS-4, DLHS-4 and the RSOC have given information for the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first three rounds of the National Family Health Survey, viz. NFHS-1 (conducted in 1992-93), NFHS-2 (conducted in 1998-99) and NFHS-3 (conducted in 2005-06) had provided information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (and also for children below 5 years). &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As per the India Country Report 2015 on MDGs (released by MoSPI), the previous rounds of National Family Health Survey shows that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; has declined by 3 percentage points during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 43 percent to about 40 percent. Based on this historical trend of decline, it is expected by the Government that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; will come down to about 33 percent only by 2015 vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the target value of 26 percent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Therefore, it is not yet clear from official statistics that exactly what &amp;lsquo;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&amp;rsquo; lived in India during 2015.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Indicator to measure the target of hunger reduction under MDGs&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the absence of data for the indicator &#039;proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption&#039;, the other indicator that has been used officially in India so as to track its achievement of Target 2 of the MDGs is &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access the India Country Report 2015 on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), prepared by MoSPI). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Target 2 of the MDGs, as mentioned above, is to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger (see the chart on MDGs below). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chart 1: MDGs and Targets--Summary of Progress achieved by India&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MDG%20chart.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;MDG chart&quot; width=&quot;263&quot; height=&quot;279&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is worth mentioning that when the MDGs came into being in the year 2000, eighteen targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for attaining the eight goals. The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) during 2003 provided a framework of 53 indicators (48 basic + 5 alternative) which were categorized according to targets, for measuring the progress towards individual targets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India&amp;rsquo;s MDG framework is based on UNDG&amp;rsquo;s MDG 2003 framework, and it includes all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 Targets (Targets 1 to 11 &amp;amp; 18) which are relevant for India and related 35 indicators.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As per the Statistical Yearbook of India 2016, the country&#039;s MDG-framework has been contextualized through a concordance with the existing official indicators of corresponding dimensions in the national statistical system. These 12 targets and 35 indicators under the 8 Goals constituted the instrument for statistical tracking of the MDGs in India.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The eight MDGs are: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger&lt;br /&gt;Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education&lt;br /&gt;Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women&lt;br /&gt;Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality&lt;br /&gt;Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health&lt;br /&gt;Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB&lt;br /&gt;Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability&lt;br /&gt;Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for Development&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;District-level NFHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) NFHS-4 data for 13 states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand &amp;amp; West Bengal, and two Union Territories (UTs) of Andaman &amp;amp; Nicobar Islands and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The district-level factsheets of NFHS-4 gives information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;District-level DLHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) DLHS-4 data for 18 states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharasthra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and West Bengal, and also for 3 UTs of Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although the district-level DLHS-4 factsheets have not provided information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting, stunting and underweight, the state-level factsheets provide information on the same indicators. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The DLHS-4 district-level factsheets have provided information on other indicators such as proportion of children suffering from anaemia (for various age-groups), percentage of children weighed at birth, proportion of children aged 0-5 months who are exclusively breastfed etc. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-13), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, &lt;a href=&quot;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&quot; title=&quot;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&quot;&gt;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&quot; title=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&quot; title=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Chapter 45 MDGs&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Chapter 45 MDGs&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MDG India Country Report 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India Health Report: Nutrition 2015 by Public Health Foundation of India, Transform Nutrition and UK Aid, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (provisional data), Ministry of Women and Child Development, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf&quot; title=&quot;RSOC national factsheet&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf&quot; title=&quot;RSOC national factsheet&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;One-third of West Bengal kids stunted &amp;amp; underweight, informs NFHS-4, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Doubts over Maharashtra&#039;s Nutritional Progress? please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IFPRI report shows under-nutrition has fallen, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Child Malnutrition declining, though not fast enough, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MDGs: A neglected agenda for inclusiveness, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India&#039;s MDG Score Card: Glass Half Full or Half Empty?, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Suppression of Child Malnutrition Survey Data to Shield Gujarat -Amit Sengupta, Newsclick.in, 9 July, 2015, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: UNDP India&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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                <strong>Evidence lacking for India&#039;s MDG accomplishment on hunger</strong></h1>
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                <br /><div align="justify">Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&mdash;one of the targets set under the erstwhile <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html">Millennium Development Goals</a> framework (replaced recently by SDGs). <br /><br />This is because the recently released data by the <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html">National Family Health Survey-4</a> (conducted in 2015-16) and the <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html">District-level Household and Facility Survey-4</a> (conducted in 2012-13) have not given any information for the indicator 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years'. <br /><br />Even the <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html">Rapid Survey on Children</a> (conducted in 2013-14), who&rsquo;s alleged late release by the Government created much hue and cry in the media, has not given information for the same indicator.<br /><br />All the above-mentioned surveys, namely the NFHS-4, DLHS-4 and the RSOC have given information for the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. <br /><br />The first three rounds of the National Family Health Survey, viz. NFHS-1 (conducted in 1992-93), NFHS-2 (conducted in 1998-99) and NFHS-3 (conducted in 2005-06) had provided information for the indicator 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' (and also for children below 5 years). &nbsp;<br /><br />As per the India Country Report 2015 on MDGs (released by MoSPI), the previous rounds of National Family Health Survey shows that the 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' has declined by 3 percentage points during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 43 percent to about 40 percent. Based on this historical trend of decline, it is expected by the Government that the 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' will come down to about 33 percent only by 2015 vis-&agrave;-vis the target value of 26 percent.<br /><br />Therefore, it is not yet clear from official statistics that exactly what &lsquo;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&rsquo; lived in India during 2015.<br /><br /><em>Indicator to measure the target of hunger reduction under MDGs<br /></em><br />In the absence of data for the indicator 'proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption', the other indicator that has been used officially in India so as to track its achievement of Target 2 of the MDGs is 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' (please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf">click here</a> to access the India Country Report 2015 on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), prepared by MoSPI). <br /><br />The Target 2 of the MDGs, as mentioned above, is to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger (see the chart on MDGs below). <br /><br /><strong>Chart 1: MDGs and Targets--Summary of Progress achieved by India<br /></strong></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MDG%20chart.jpg" alt="MDG chart" width="263" height="279" /> <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><em><strong>Source: </strong>Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf">click here</a> to access<br /></em><br /><br />It is worth mentioning that when the MDGs came into being in the year 2000, eighteen targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for attaining the eight goals. The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) during 2003 provided a framework of 53 indicators (48 basic + 5 alternative) which were categorized according to targets, for measuring the progress towards individual targets.<br /><br />India&rsquo;s MDG framework is based on UNDG&rsquo;s MDG 2003 framework, and it includes all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 Targets (Targets 1 to 11 &amp; 18) which are relevant for India and related 35 indicators.<br /><br />As per the Statistical Yearbook of India 2016, the country's MDG-framework has been contextualized through a concordance with the existing official indicators of corresponding dimensions in the national statistical system. These 12 targets and 35 indicators under the 8 Goals constituted the instrument for statistical tracking of the MDGs in India.<br /><br />The eight MDGs are: <br /><br />Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger<br />Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education<br />Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women<br />Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality<br />Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health<br />Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB<br />Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability<br />Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for Development<br /><br /><em>District-level NFHS-4 data<br /></em><br />The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) NFHS-4 data for 13 states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand &amp; West Bengal, and two Union Territories (UTs) of Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands and Puducherry. <br /><br />The district-level factsheets of NFHS-4 gives information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. <br /><br /><em>District-level DLHS-4 data<br /></em><br />The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) DLHS-4 data for 18 states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharasthra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and West Bengal, and also for 3 UTs of Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh and Puducherry. <br /><br />Although the district-level DLHS-4 factsheets have not provided information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting, stunting and underweight, the state-level factsheets provide information on the same indicators. <br /><br />The DLHS-4 district-level factsheets have provided information on other indicators such as proportion of children suffering from anaemia (for various age-groups), percentage of children weighed at birth, proportion of children aged 0-5 months who are exclusively breastfed etc. <br /><br /><strong><em>References:<br /></em></strong><br />District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-13), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, <a href="https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx" title="https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx">https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx</a> <br /><br />National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, <a href="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml" title="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml">http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml</a> <br /><br />National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, <a href="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml" title="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml">http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml</a> <br /><br />Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf" title="Chapter 45 MDGs" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf" title="Chapter 45 MDGs">click here</a> to access<br /><br />MDG India Country Report 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf">click here</a> to access <br /><br />India Health Report: Nutrition 2015 by Public Health Foundation of India, Transform Nutrition and UK Aid, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf">click here</a> to access<br />&nbsp;<br />Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (provisional data), Ministry of Women and Child Development, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf" title="RSOC national factsheet" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf" title="RSOC national factsheet">click here</a> to access<br />&nbsp;<br />One-third of West Bengal kids stunted &amp; underweight, informs NFHS-4, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html">click here</a> to access<br />&nbsp;<br />Doubts over Maharashtra's Nutritional Progress? please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html">click here</a> to access<br /></div><div align="justify"><br />IFPRI report shows under-nutrition has fallen, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />Child Malnutrition declining, though not fast enough, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />MDGs: A neglected agenda for inclusiveness, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />India's MDG Score Card: Glass Half Full or Half Empty?, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />Suppression of Child Malnutrition Survey Data to Shield Gujarat -Amit Sengupta, Newsclick.in, 9 July, 2015, please <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br /><strong>Image Courtesy: UNDP India</strong><br /></div>               </font>
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		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Evidence lacking for India&amp;#039;s MDG accomplishment on hunger&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&amp;mdash;one of the targets set under the erstwhile &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;Millennium Development Goals&lt;/a&gt; framework (replaced recently by SDGs). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is because the recently released data by the &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;National Family Health Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2015-16) and the &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;District-level Household and Facility Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2012-13) have not given any information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Even the &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;Rapid Survey on Children&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2013-14), who&amp;rsquo;s alleged late release by the Government created much hue and cry in the media, has not given information for the same indicator.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All the above-mentioned surveys, namely the NFHS-4, DLHS-4 and the RSOC have given information for the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first three rounds of the National Family Health Survey, viz. NFHS-1 (conducted in 1992-93), NFHS-2 (conducted in 1998-99) and NFHS-3 (conducted in 2005-06) had provided information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (and also for children below 5 years). &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As per the India Country Report 2015 on MDGs (released by MoSPI), the previous rounds of National Family Health Survey shows that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; has declined by 3 percentage points during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 43 percent to about 40 percent. Based on this historical trend of decline, it is expected by the Government that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; will come down to about 33 percent only by 2015 vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the target value of 26 percent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, it is not yet clear from official statistics that exactly what &amp;lsquo;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&amp;rsquo; lived in India during 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Indicator to measure the target of hunger reduction under MDGs&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In the absence of data for the indicator &#039;proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption&#039;, the other indicator that has been used officially in India so as to track its achievement of Target 2 of the MDGs is &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access the India Country Report 2015 on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), prepared by MoSPI). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Target 2 of the MDGs, as mentioned above, is to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger (see the chart on MDGs below). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Chart 1: MDGs and Targets--Summary of Progress achieved by India&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/MDG%20chart.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;MDG chart&quot; width=&quot;263&quot; height=&quot;279&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is worth mentioning that when the MDGs came into being in the year 2000, eighteen targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for attaining the eight goals. The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) during 2003 provided a framework of 53 indicators (48 basic + 5 alternative) which were categorized according to targets, for measuring the progress towards individual targets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
India&amp;rsquo;s MDG framework is based on UNDG&amp;rsquo;s MDG 2003 framework, and it includes all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 Targets (Targets 1 to 11 &amp;amp; 18) which are relevant for India and related 35 indicators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As per the Statistical Yearbook of India 2016, the country&#039;s MDG-framework has been contextualized through a concordance with the existing official indicators of corresponding dimensions in the national statistical system. These 12 targets and 35 indicators under the 8 Goals constituted the instrument for statistical tracking of the MDGs in India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The eight MDGs are: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for Development&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;District-level NFHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) NFHS-4 data for 13 states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand &amp;amp; West Bengal, and two Union Territories (UTs) of Andaman &amp;amp; Nicobar Islands and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The district-level factsheets of NFHS-4 gives information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;District-level DLHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) DLHS-4 data for 18 states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharasthra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and West Bengal, and also for 3 UTs of Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the district-level DLHS-4 factsheets have not provided information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting, stunting and underweight, the state-level factsheets provide information on the same indicators. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The DLHS-4 district-level factsheets have provided information on other indicators such as proportion of children suffering from anaemia (for various age-groups), percentage of children weighed at birth, proportion of children aged 0-5 months who are exclusively breastfed etc. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-13), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, &lt;a href=&quot;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&quot;&gt;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Chapter 45 MDGs&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MDG India Country Report 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
India Health Report: Nutrition 2015 by Public Health Foundation of India, Transform Nutrition and UK Aid, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (provisional data), Ministry of Women and Child Development, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf&quot; title=&quot;RSOC national factsheet&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
One-third of West Bengal kids stunted &amp;amp; underweight, informs NFHS-4, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
Doubts over Maharashtra&#039;s Nutritional Progress? please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
IFPRI report shows under-nutrition has fallen, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Child Malnutrition declining, though not fast enough, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MDGs: A neglected agenda for inclusiveness, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
India&#039;s MDG Score Card: Glass Half Full or Half Empty?, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Suppression of Child Malnutrition Survey Data to Shield Gujarat -Amit Sengupta, Newsclick.in, 9 July, 2015, please &lt;a href=&quot;../latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: UNDP India&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;NEWS ALERTS | Evidence lacking for India&amp;#039;s MDG accomplishment on hunger&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Sustainable Development Goals,millennium development goal,millennium development goals,MDGs,SDGs,national family health survey,NFHS,NFHS-3,NFHS-4,NFHS-2,NFHS-1,Rapid Survey on Children,rsoc,Malnutrition,Hunger,Food Security,Right to Food,Stunting,Wasting,Underweight,Undernutrition&#039;,
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Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&amp;mdash;one of the targets...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&amp;mdash;one of the targets set under the erstwhile &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;Millennium Development Goals&lt;/a&gt; framework (replaced recently by SDGs). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is because the recently released data by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;National Family Health Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2015-16) and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;District-level Household and Facility Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2012-13) have not given any information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even the &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;Rapid Survey on Children&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2013-14), who&amp;rsquo;s alleged late release by the Government created much hue and cry in the media, has not given information for the same indicator.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All the above-mentioned surveys, namely the NFHS-4, DLHS-4 and the RSOC have given information for the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first three rounds of the National Family Health Survey, viz. NFHS-1 (conducted in 1992-93), NFHS-2 (conducted in 1998-99) and NFHS-3 (conducted in 2005-06) had provided information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (and also for children below 5 years). &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As per the India Country Report 2015 on MDGs (released by MoSPI), the previous rounds of National Family Health Survey shows that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; has declined by 3 percentage points during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 43 percent to about 40 percent. Based on this historical trend of decline, it is expected by the Government that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; will come down to about 33 percent only by 2015 vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the target value of 26 percent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Therefore, it is not yet clear from official statistics that exactly what &amp;lsquo;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&amp;rsquo; lived in India during 2015.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Indicator to measure the target of hunger reduction under MDGs&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the absence of data for the indicator &#039;proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption&#039;, the other indicator that has been used officially in India so as to track its achievement of Target 2 of the MDGs is &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access the India Country Report 2015 on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), prepared by MoSPI). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Target 2 of the MDGs, as mentioned above, is to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger (see the chart on MDGs below). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chart 1: MDGs and Targets--Summary of Progress achieved by India&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MDG%20chart.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;MDG chart&quot; width=&quot;263&quot; height=&quot;279&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is worth mentioning that when the MDGs came into being in the year 2000, eighteen targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for attaining the eight goals. The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) during 2003 provided a framework of 53 indicators (48 basic + 5 alternative) which were categorized according to targets, for measuring the progress towards individual targets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India&amp;rsquo;s MDG framework is based on UNDG&amp;rsquo;s MDG 2003 framework, and it includes all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 Targets (Targets 1 to 11 &amp;amp; 18) which are relevant for India and related 35 indicators.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As per the Statistical Yearbook of India 2016, the country&#039;s MDG-framework has been contextualized through a concordance with the existing official indicators of corresponding dimensions in the national statistical system. These 12 targets and 35 indicators under the 8 Goals constituted the instrument for statistical tracking of the MDGs in India.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The eight MDGs are: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger&lt;br /&gt;Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education&lt;br /&gt;Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women&lt;br /&gt;Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality&lt;br /&gt;Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health&lt;br /&gt;Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB&lt;br /&gt;Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability&lt;br /&gt;Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for Development&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;District-level NFHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) NFHS-4 data for 13 states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand &amp;amp; West Bengal, and two Union Territories (UTs) of Andaman &amp;amp; Nicobar Islands and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The district-level factsheets of NFHS-4 gives information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;District-level DLHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) DLHS-4 data for 18 states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharasthra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and West Bengal, and also for 3 UTs of Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although the district-level DLHS-4 factsheets have not provided information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting, stunting and underweight, the state-level factsheets provide information on the same indicators. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The DLHS-4 district-level factsheets have provided information on other indicators such as proportion of children suffering from anaemia (for various age-groups), percentage of children weighed at birth, proportion of children aged 0-5 months who are exclusively breastfed etc. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-13), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, &lt;a href=&quot;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&quot; title=&quot;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&quot;&gt;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&quot; title=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&quot; title=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Chapter 45 MDGs&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Chapter 45 MDGs&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MDG India Country Report 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India Health Report: Nutrition 2015 by Public Health Foundation of India, Transform Nutrition and UK Aid, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (provisional data), Ministry of Women and Child Development, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf&quot; title=&quot;RSOC national factsheet&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf&quot; title=&quot;RSOC national factsheet&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;One-third of West Bengal kids stunted &amp;amp; underweight, informs NFHS-4, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Doubts over Maharashtra&#039;s Nutritional Progress? please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IFPRI report shows under-nutrition has fallen, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Child Malnutrition declining, though not fast enough, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MDGs: A neglected agenda for inclusiveness, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India&#039;s MDG Score Card: Glass Half Full or Half Empty?, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Suppression of Child Malnutrition Survey Data to Shield Gujarat -Amit Sengupta, Newsclick.in, 9 July, 2015, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: UNDP India&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 30582,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Evidence lacking for India&amp;#039;s MDG accomplishment on hunger&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&amp;mdash;one of the targets set under the erstwhile &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;Millennium Development Goals&lt;/a&gt; framework (replaced recently by SDGs). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is because the recently released data by the &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;National Family Health Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2015-16) and the &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;District-level Household and Facility Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2012-13) have not given any information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Even the &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;Rapid Survey on Children&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2013-14), who&amp;rsquo;s alleged late release by the Government created much hue and cry in the media, has not given information for the same indicator.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All the above-mentioned surveys, namely the NFHS-4, DLHS-4 and the RSOC have given information for the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first three rounds of the National Family Health Survey, viz. NFHS-1 (conducted in 1992-93), NFHS-2 (conducted in 1998-99) and NFHS-3 (conducted in 2005-06) had provided information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (and also for children below 5 years). &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As per the India Country Report 2015 on MDGs (released by MoSPI), the previous rounds of National Family Health Survey shows that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; has declined by 3 percentage points during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 43 percent to about 40 percent. Based on this historical trend of decline, it is expected by the Government that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; will come down to about 33 percent only by 2015 vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the target value of 26 percent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, it is not yet clear from official statistics that exactly what &amp;lsquo;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&amp;rsquo; lived in India during 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Indicator to measure the target of hunger reduction under MDGs&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In the absence of data for the indicator &#039;proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption&#039;, the other indicator that has been used officially in India so as to track its achievement of Target 2 of the MDGs is &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access the India Country Report 2015 on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), prepared by MoSPI). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Target 2 of the MDGs, as mentioned above, is to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger (see the chart on MDGs below). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Chart 1: MDGs and Targets--Summary of Progress achieved by India&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/MDG%20chart.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;MDG chart&quot; width=&quot;263&quot; height=&quot;279&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is worth mentioning that when the MDGs came into being in the year 2000, eighteen targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for attaining the eight goals. The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) during 2003 provided a framework of 53 indicators (48 basic + 5 alternative) which were categorized according to targets, for measuring the progress towards individual targets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
India&amp;rsquo;s MDG framework is based on UNDG&amp;rsquo;s MDG 2003 framework, and it includes all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 Targets (Targets 1 to 11 &amp;amp; 18) which are relevant for India and related 35 indicators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As per the Statistical Yearbook of India 2016, the country&#039;s MDG-framework has been contextualized through a concordance with the existing official indicators of corresponding dimensions in the national statistical system. These 12 targets and 35 indicators under the 8 Goals constituted the instrument for statistical tracking of the MDGs in India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The eight MDGs are: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for Development&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;District-level NFHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) NFHS-4 data for 13 states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand &amp;amp; West Bengal, and two Union Territories (UTs) of Andaman &amp;amp; Nicobar Islands and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The district-level factsheets of NFHS-4 gives information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;District-level DLHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) DLHS-4 data for 18 states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharasthra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and West Bengal, and also for 3 UTs of Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the district-level DLHS-4 factsheets have not provided information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting, stunting and underweight, the state-level factsheets provide information on the same indicators. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The DLHS-4 district-level factsheets have provided information on other indicators such as proportion of children suffering from anaemia (for various age-groups), percentage of children weighed at birth, proportion of children aged 0-5 months who are exclusively breastfed etc. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-13), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, &lt;a href=&quot;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&quot;&gt;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Chapter 45 MDGs&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MDG India Country Report 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
India Health Report: Nutrition 2015 by Public Health Foundation of India, Transform Nutrition and UK Aid, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (provisional data), Ministry of Women and Child Development, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf&quot; title=&quot;RSOC national factsheet&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
One-third of West Bengal kids stunted &amp;amp; underweight, informs NFHS-4, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
Doubts over Maharashtra&#039;s Nutritional Progress? please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
IFPRI report shows under-nutrition has fallen, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Child Malnutrition declining, though not fast enough, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MDGs: A neglected agenda for inclusiveness, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
India&#039;s MDG Score Card: Glass Half Full or Half Empty?, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Suppression of Child Malnutrition Survey Data to Shield Gujarat -Amit Sengupta, Newsclick.in, 9 July, 2015, please &lt;a href=&quot;../latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: UNDP India&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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$metaTitle = &#039;NEWS ALERTS | Evidence lacking for India&amp;#039;s MDG accomplishment on hunger&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Sustainable Development Goals,millennium development goal,millennium development goals,MDGs,SDGs,national family health survey,NFHS,NFHS-3,NFHS-4,NFHS-2,NFHS-1,Rapid Survey on Children,rsoc,Malnutrition,Hunger,Food Security,Right to Food,Stunting,Wasting,Underweight,Undernutrition&#039;
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Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&amp;mdash;one of the targets...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&amp;mdash;one of the targets set under the erstwhile &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;Millennium Development Goals&lt;/a&gt; framework (replaced recently by SDGs). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is because the recently released data by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;National Family Health Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2015-16) and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;District-level Household and Facility Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2012-13) have not given any information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even the &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;Rapid Survey on Children&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2013-14), who&amp;rsquo;s alleged late release by the Government created much hue and cry in the media, has not given information for the same indicator.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All the above-mentioned surveys, namely the NFHS-4, DLHS-4 and the RSOC have given information for the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first three rounds of the National Family Health Survey, viz. NFHS-1 (conducted in 1992-93), NFHS-2 (conducted in 1998-99) and NFHS-3 (conducted in 2005-06) had provided information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (and also for children below 5 years). &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As per the India Country Report 2015 on MDGs (released by MoSPI), the previous rounds of National Family Health Survey shows that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; has declined by 3 percentage points during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 43 percent to about 40 percent. Based on this historical trend of decline, it is expected by the Government that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; will come down to about 33 percent only by 2015 vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the target value of 26 percent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Therefore, it is not yet clear from official statistics that exactly what &amp;lsquo;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&amp;rsquo; lived in India during 2015.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Indicator to measure the target of hunger reduction under MDGs&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the absence of data for the indicator &#039;proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption&#039;, the other indicator that has been used officially in India so as to track its achievement of Target 2 of the MDGs is &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access the India Country Report 2015 on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), prepared by MoSPI). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Target 2 of the MDGs, as mentioned above, is to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger (see the chart on MDGs below). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chart 1: MDGs and Targets--Summary of Progress achieved by India&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MDG%20chart.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;MDG chart&quot; width=&quot;263&quot; height=&quot;279&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is worth mentioning that when the MDGs came into being in the year 2000, eighteen targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for attaining the eight goals. The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) during 2003 provided a framework of 53 indicators (48 basic + 5 alternative) which were categorized according to targets, for measuring the progress towards individual targets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India&amp;rsquo;s MDG framework is based on UNDG&amp;rsquo;s MDG 2003 framework, and it includes all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 Targets (Targets 1 to 11 &amp;amp; 18) which are relevant for India and related 35 indicators.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As per the Statistical Yearbook of India 2016, the country&#039;s MDG-framework has been contextualized through a concordance with the existing official indicators of corresponding dimensions in the national statistical system. These 12 targets and 35 indicators under the 8 Goals constituted the instrument for statistical tracking of the MDGs in India.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The eight MDGs are: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger&lt;br /&gt;Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education&lt;br /&gt;Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women&lt;br /&gt;Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality&lt;br /&gt;Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health&lt;br /&gt;Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB&lt;br /&gt;Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability&lt;br /&gt;Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for Development&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;District-level NFHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) NFHS-4 data for 13 states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand &amp;amp; West Bengal, and two Union Territories (UTs) of Andaman &amp;amp; Nicobar Islands and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The district-level factsheets of NFHS-4 gives information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;District-level DLHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) DLHS-4 data for 18 states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharasthra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and West Bengal, and also for 3 UTs of Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although the district-level DLHS-4 factsheets have not provided information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting, stunting and underweight, the state-level factsheets provide information on the same indicators. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The DLHS-4 district-level factsheets have provided information on other indicators such as proportion of children suffering from anaemia (for various age-groups), percentage of children weighed at birth, proportion of children aged 0-5 months who are exclusively breastfed etc. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-13), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, &lt;a href=&quot;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&quot; title=&quot;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&quot;&gt;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&quot; title=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&quot; title=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Chapter 45 MDGs&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Chapter 45 MDGs&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MDG India Country Report 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India Health Report: Nutrition 2015 by Public Health Foundation of India, Transform Nutrition and UK Aid, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (provisional data), Ministry of Women and Child Development, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf&quot; title=&quot;RSOC national factsheet&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf&quot; title=&quot;RSOC national factsheet&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;One-third of West Bengal kids stunted &amp;amp; underweight, informs NFHS-4, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Doubts over Maharashtra&#039;s Nutritional Progress? please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IFPRI report shows under-nutrition has fallen, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Child Malnutrition declining, though not fast enough, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MDGs: A neglected agenda for inclusiveness, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India&#039;s MDG Score Card: Glass Half Full or Half Empty?, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Suppression of Child Malnutrition Survey Data to Shield Gujarat -Amit Sengupta, Newsclick.in, 9 July, 2015, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: UNDP India&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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                <strong>Evidence lacking for India&#039;s MDG accomplishment on hunger</strong></h1>
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                <br /><div align="justify">Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&mdash;one of the targets set under the erstwhile <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html">Millennium Development Goals</a> framework (replaced recently by SDGs). <br /><br />This is because the recently released data by the <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html">National Family Health Survey-4</a> (conducted in 2015-16) and the <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html">District-level Household and Facility Survey-4</a> (conducted in 2012-13) have not given any information for the indicator 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years'. <br /><br />Even the <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html">Rapid Survey on Children</a> (conducted in 2013-14), who&rsquo;s alleged late release by the Government created much hue and cry in the media, has not given information for the same indicator.<br /><br />All the above-mentioned surveys, namely the NFHS-4, DLHS-4 and the RSOC have given information for the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. <br /><br />The first three rounds of the National Family Health Survey, viz. NFHS-1 (conducted in 1992-93), NFHS-2 (conducted in 1998-99) and NFHS-3 (conducted in 2005-06) had provided information for the indicator 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' (and also for children below 5 years). &nbsp;<br /><br />As per the India Country Report 2015 on MDGs (released by MoSPI), the previous rounds of National Family Health Survey shows that the 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' has declined by 3 percentage points during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 43 percent to about 40 percent. Based on this historical trend of decline, it is expected by the Government that the 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' will come down to about 33 percent only by 2015 vis-&agrave;-vis the target value of 26 percent.<br /><br />Therefore, it is not yet clear from official statistics that exactly what &lsquo;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&rsquo; lived in India during 2015.<br /><br /><em>Indicator to measure the target of hunger reduction under MDGs<br /></em><br />In the absence of data for the indicator 'proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption', the other indicator that has been used officially in India so as to track its achievement of Target 2 of the MDGs is 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' (please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf">click here</a> to access the India Country Report 2015 on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), prepared by MoSPI). <br /><br />The Target 2 of the MDGs, as mentioned above, is to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger (see the chart on MDGs below). <br /><br /><strong>Chart 1: MDGs and Targets--Summary of Progress achieved by India<br /></strong></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MDG%20chart.jpg" alt="MDG chart" width="263" height="279" /> <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><em><strong>Source: </strong>Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf">click here</a> to access<br /></em><br /><br />It is worth mentioning that when the MDGs came into being in the year 2000, eighteen targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for attaining the eight goals. The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) during 2003 provided a framework of 53 indicators (48 basic + 5 alternative) which were categorized according to targets, for measuring the progress towards individual targets.<br /><br />India&rsquo;s MDG framework is based on UNDG&rsquo;s MDG 2003 framework, and it includes all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 Targets (Targets 1 to 11 &amp; 18) which are relevant for India and related 35 indicators.<br /><br />As per the Statistical Yearbook of India 2016, the country's MDG-framework has been contextualized through a concordance with the existing official indicators of corresponding dimensions in the national statistical system. These 12 targets and 35 indicators under the 8 Goals constituted the instrument for statistical tracking of the MDGs in India.<br /><br />The eight MDGs are: <br /><br />Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger<br />Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education<br />Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women<br />Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality<br />Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health<br />Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB<br />Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability<br />Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for Development<br /><br /><em>District-level NFHS-4 data<br /></em><br />The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) NFHS-4 data for 13 states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand &amp; West Bengal, and two Union Territories (UTs) of Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands and Puducherry. <br /><br />The district-level factsheets of NFHS-4 gives information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. <br /><br /><em>District-level DLHS-4 data<br /></em><br />The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) DLHS-4 data for 18 states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharasthra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and West Bengal, and also for 3 UTs of Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh and Puducherry. <br /><br />Although the district-level DLHS-4 factsheets have not provided information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting, stunting and underweight, the state-level factsheets provide information on the same indicators. <br /><br />The DLHS-4 district-level factsheets have provided information on other indicators such as proportion of children suffering from anaemia (for various age-groups), percentage of children weighed at birth, proportion of children aged 0-5 months who are exclusively breastfed etc. <br /><br /><strong><em>References:<br /></em></strong><br />District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-13), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, <a href="https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx" title="https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx">https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx</a> <br /><br />National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, <a href="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml" title="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml">http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml</a> <br /><br />National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, <a href="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml" title="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml">http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml</a> <br /><br />Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf" title="Chapter 45 MDGs" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf" title="Chapter 45 MDGs">click here</a> to access<br /><br />MDG India Country Report 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf">click here</a> to access <br /><br />India Health Report: Nutrition 2015 by Public Health Foundation of India, Transform Nutrition and UK Aid, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf">click here</a> to access<br />&nbsp;<br />Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (provisional data), Ministry of Women and Child Development, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf" title="RSOC national factsheet" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf" title="RSOC national factsheet">click here</a> to access<br />&nbsp;<br />One-third of West Bengal kids stunted &amp; underweight, informs NFHS-4, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html">click here</a> to access<br />&nbsp;<br />Doubts over Maharashtra's Nutritional Progress? please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html">click here</a> to access<br /></div><div align="justify"><br />IFPRI report shows under-nutrition has fallen, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />Child Malnutrition declining, though not fast enough, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />MDGs: A neglected agenda for inclusiveness, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />India's MDG Score Card: Glass Half Full or Half Empty?, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />Suppression of Child Malnutrition Survey Data to Shield Gujarat -Amit Sengupta, Newsclick.in, 9 July, 2015, please <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br /><strong>Image Courtesy: UNDP India</strong><br /></div>               </font>
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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67ecfee7eacc1-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67ecfee7eacc1-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67ecfee7eacc1-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67ecfee7eacc1-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67ecfee7eacc1-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67ecfee7eacc1-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67ecfee7eacc1-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67ecfee7eacc1-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 30582,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Evidence lacking for India&amp;#039;s MDG accomplishment on hunger&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&amp;mdash;one of the targets set under the erstwhile &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;Millennium Development Goals&lt;/a&gt; framework (replaced recently by SDGs). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is because the recently released data by the &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;National Family Health Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2015-16) and the &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;District-level Household and Facility Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2012-13) have not given any information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Even the &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;Rapid Survey on Children&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2013-14), who&amp;rsquo;s alleged late release by the Government created much hue and cry in the media, has not given information for the same indicator.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All the above-mentioned surveys, namely the NFHS-4, DLHS-4 and the RSOC have given information for the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first three rounds of the National Family Health Survey, viz. NFHS-1 (conducted in 1992-93), NFHS-2 (conducted in 1998-99) and NFHS-3 (conducted in 2005-06) had provided information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (and also for children below 5 years). &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As per the India Country Report 2015 on MDGs (released by MoSPI), the previous rounds of National Family Health Survey shows that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; has declined by 3 percentage points during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 43 percent to about 40 percent. Based on this historical trend of decline, it is expected by the Government that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; will come down to about 33 percent only by 2015 vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the target value of 26 percent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, it is not yet clear from official statistics that exactly what &amp;lsquo;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&amp;rsquo; lived in India during 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Indicator to measure the target of hunger reduction under MDGs&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In the absence of data for the indicator &#039;proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption&#039;, the other indicator that has been used officially in India so as to track its achievement of Target 2 of the MDGs is &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access the India Country Report 2015 on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), prepared by MoSPI). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Target 2 of the MDGs, as mentioned above, is to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger (see the chart on MDGs below). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Chart 1: MDGs and Targets--Summary of Progress achieved by India&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/MDG%20chart.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;MDG chart&quot; width=&quot;263&quot; height=&quot;279&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is worth mentioning that when the MDGs came into being in the year 2000, eighteen targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for attaining the eight goals. The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) during 2003 provided a framework of 53 indicators (48 basic + 5 alternative) which were categorized according to targets, for measuring the progress towards individual targets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
India&amp;rsquo;s MDG framework is based on UNDG&amp;rsquo;s MDG 2003 framework, and it includes all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 Targets (Targets 1 to 11 &amp;amp; 18) which are relevant for India and related 35 indicators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As per the Statistical Yearbook of India 2016, the country&#039;s MDG-framework has been contextualized through a concordance with the existing official indicators of corresponding dimensions in the national statistical system. These 12 targets and 35 indicators under the 8 Goals constituted the instrument for statistical tracking of the MDGs in India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The eight MDGs are: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for Development&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;District-level NFHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) NFHS-4 data for 13 states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand &amp;amp; West Bengal, and two Union Territories (UTs) of Andaman &amp;amp; Nicobar Islands and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The district-level factsheets of NFHS-4 gives information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;District-level DLHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) DLHS-4 data for 18 states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharasthra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and West Bengal, and also for 3 UTs of Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the district-level DLHS-4 factsheets have not provided information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting, stunting and underweight, the state-level factsheets provide information on the same indicators. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The DLHS-4 district-level factsheets have provided information on other indicators such as proportion of children suffering from anaemia (for various age-groups), percentage of children weighed at birth, proportion of children aged 0-5 months who are exclusively breastfed etc. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-13), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, &lt;a href=&quot;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&quot;&gt;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Chapter 45 MDGs&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MDG India Country Report 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
India Health Report: Nutrition 2015 by Public Health Foundation of India, Transform Nutrition and UK Aid, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (provisional data), Ministry of Women and Child Development, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf&quot; title=&quot;RSOC national factsheet&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
One-third of West Bengal kids stunted &amp;amp; underweight, informs NFHS-4, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
Doubts over Maharashtra&#039;s Nutritional Progress? please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
IFPRI report shows under-nutrition has fallen, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Child Malnutrition declining, though not fast enough, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MDGs: A neglected agenda for inclusiveness, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
India&#039;s MDG Score Card: Glass Half Full or Half Empty?, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Suppression of Child Malnutrition Survey Data to Shield Gujarat -Amit Sengupta, Newsclick.in, 9 July, 2015, please &lt;a href=&quot;../latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: UNDP India&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;NEWS ALERTS | Evidence lacking for India&amp;#039;s MDG accomplishment on hunger&#039;,
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Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&amp;mdash;one of the targets...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&amp;mdash;one of the targets set under the erstwhile &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;Millennium Development Goals&lt;/a&gt; framework (replaced recently by SDGs). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is because the recently released data by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;National Family Health Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2015-16) and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;District-level Household and Facility Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2012-13) have not given any information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even the &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;Rapid Survey on Children&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2013-14), who&amp;rsquo;s alleged late release by the Government created much hue and cry in the media, has not given information for the same indicator.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All the above-mentioned surveys, namely the NFHS-4, DLHS-4 and the RSOC have given information for the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first three rounds of the National Family Health Survey, viz. NFHS-1 (conducted in 1992-93), NFHS-2 (conducted in 1998-99) and NFHS-3 (conducted in 2005-06) had provided information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (and also for children below 5 years). &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As per the India Country Report 2015 on MDGs (released by MoSPI), the previous rounds of National Family Health Survey shows that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; has declined by 3 percentage points during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 43 percent to about 40 percent. Based on this historical trend of decline, it is expected by the Government that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; will come down to about 33 percent only by 2015 vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the target value of 26 percent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Therefore, it is not yet clear from official statistics that exactly what &amp;lsquo;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&amp;rsquo; lived in India during 2015.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Indicator to measure the target of hunger reduction under MDGs&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the absence of data for the indicator &#039;proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption&#039;, the other indicator that has been used officially in India so as to track its achievement of Target 2 of the MDGs is &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access the India Country Report 2015 on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), prepared by MoSPI). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Target 2 of the MDGs, as mentioned above, is to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger (see the chart on MDGs below). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chart 1: MDGs and Targets--Summary of Progress achieved by India&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MDG%20chart.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;MDG chart&quot; width=&quot;263&quot; height=&quot;279&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is worth mentioning that when the MDGs came into being in the year 2000, eighteen targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for attaining the eight goals. The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) during 2003 provided a framework of 53 indicators (48 basic + 5 alternative) which were categorized according to targets, for measuring the progress towards individual targets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India&amp;rsquo;s MDG framework is based on UNDG&amp;rsquo;s MDG 2003 framework, and it includes all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 Targets (Targets 1 to 11 &amp;amp; 18) which are relevant for India and related 35 indicators.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As per the Statistical Yearbook of India 2016, the country&#039;s MDG-framework has been contextualized through a concordance with the existing official indicators of corresponding dimensions in the national statistical system. These 12 targets and 35 indicators under the 8 Goals constituted the instrument for statistical tracking of the MDGs in India.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The eight MDGs are: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger&lt;br /&gt;Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education&lt;br /&gt;Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women&lt;br /&gt;Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality&lt;br /&gt;Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health&lt;br /&gt;Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB&lt;br /&gt;Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability&lt;br /&gt;Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for Development&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;District-level NFHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) NFHS-4 data for 13 states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand &amp;amp; West Bengal, and two Union Territories (UTs) of Andaman &amp;amp; Nicobar Islands and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The district-level factsheets of NFHS-4 gives information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;District-level DLHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) DLHS-4 data for 18 states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharasthra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and West Bengal, and also for 3 UTs of Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although the district-level DLHS-4 factsheets have not provided information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting, stunting and underweight, the state-level factsheets provide information on the same indicators. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The DLHS-4 district-level factsheets have provided information on other indicators such as proportion of children suffering from anaemia (for various age-groups), percentage of children weighed at birth, proportion of children aged 0-5 months who are exclusively breastfed etc. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-13), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, &lt;a href=&quot;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&quot; title=&quot;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&quot;&gt;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&quot; title=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&quot; title=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Chapter 45 MDGs&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Chapter 45 MDGs&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MDG India Country Report 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India Health Report: Nutrition 2015 by Public Health Foundation of India, Transform Nutrition and UK Aid, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (provisional data), Ministry of Women and Child Development, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf&quot; title=&quot;RSOC national factsheet&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf&quot; title=&quot;RSOC national factsheet&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;One-third of West Bengal kids stunted &amp;amp; underweight, informs NFHS-4, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Doubts over Maharashtra&#039;s Nutritional Progress? please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IFPRI report shows under-nutrition has fallen, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Child Malnutrition declining, though not fast enough, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MDGs: A neglected agenda for inclusiveness, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India&#039;s MDG Score Card: Glass Half Full or Half Empty?, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Suppression of Child Malnutrition Survey Data to Shield Gujarat -Amit Sengupta, Newsclick.in, 9 July, 2015, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: UNDP India&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
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	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 30582,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Evidence lacking for India&amp;#039;s MDG accomplishment on hunger&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&amp;mdash;one of the targets set under the erstwhile &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;Millennium Development Goals&lt;/a&gt; framework (replaced recently by SDGs). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is because the recently released data by the &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;National Family Health Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2015-16) and the &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;District-level Household and Facility Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2012-13) have not given any information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Even the &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;Rapid Survey on Children&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2013-14), who&amp;rsquo;s alleged late release by the Government created much hue and cry in the media, has not given information for the same indicator.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All the above-mentioned surveys, namely the NFHS-4, DLHS-4 and the RSOC have given information for the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first three rounds of the National Family Health Survey, viz. NFHS-1 (conducted in 1992-93), NFHS-2 (conducted in 1998-99) and NFHS-3 (conducted in 2005-06) had provided information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (and also for children below 5 years). &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As per the India Country Report 2015 on MDGs (released by MoSPI), the previous rounds of National Family Health Survey shows that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; has declined by 3 percentage points during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 43 percent to about 40 percent. Based on this historical trend of decline, it is expected by the Government that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; will come down to about 33 percent only by 2015 vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the target value of 26 percent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, it is not yet clear from official statistics that exactly what &amp;lsquo;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&amp;rsquo; lived in India during 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Indicator to measure the target of hunger reduction under MDGs&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In the absence of data for the indicator &#039;proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption&#039;, the other indicator that has been used officially in India so as to track its achievement of Target 2 of the MDGs is &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access the India Country Report 2015 on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), prepared by MoSPI). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Target 2 of the MDGs, as mentioned above, is to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger (see the chart on MDGs below). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Chart 1: MDGs and Targets--Summary of Progress achieved by India&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/MDG%20chart.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;MDG chart&quot; width=&quot;263&quot; height=&quot;279&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is worth mentioning that when the MDGs came into being in the year 2000, eighteen targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for attaining the eight goals. The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) during 2003 provided a framework of 53 indicators (48 basic + 5 alternative) which were categorized according to targets, for measuring the progress towards individual targets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
India&amp;rsquo;s MDG framework is based on UNDG&amp;rsquo;s MDG 2003 framework, and it includes all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 Targets (Targets 1 to 11 &amp;amp; 18) which are relevant for India and related 35 indicators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As per the Statistical Yearbook of India 2016, the country&#039;s MDG-framework has been contextualized through a concordance with the existing official indicators of corresponding dimensions in the national statistical system. These 12 targets and 35 indicators under the 8 Goals constituted the instrument for statistical tracking of the MDGs in India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The eight MDGs are: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability&lt;br /&gt;
Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for Development&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;District-level NFHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) NFHS-4 data for 13 states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand &amp;amp; West Bengal, and two Union Territories (UTs) of Andaman &amp;amp; Nicobar Islands and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The district-level factsheets of NFHS-4 gives information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;District-level DLHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) DLHS-4 data for 18 states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharasthra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and West Bengal, and also for 3 UTs of Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the district-level DLHS-4 factsheets have not provided information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting, stunting and underweight, the state-level factsheets provide information on the same indicators. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The DLHS-4 district-level factsheets have provided information on other indicators such as proportion of children suffering from anaemia (for various age-groups), percentage of children weighed at birth, proportion of children aged 0-5 months who are exclusively breastfed etc. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-13), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, &lt;a href=&quot;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&quot;&gt;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Chapter 45 MDGs&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MDG India Country Report 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
India Health Report: Nutrition 2015 by Public Health Foundation of India, Transform Nutrition and UK Aid, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (provisional data), Ministry of Women and Child Development, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf&quot; title=&quot;RSOC national factsheet&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
One-third of West Bengal kids stunted &amp;amp; underweight, informs NFHS-4, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
Doubts over Maharashtra&#039;s Nutritional Progress? please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
IFPRI report shows under-nutrition has fallen, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Child Malnutrition declining, though not fast enough, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MDGs: A neglected agenda for inclusiveness, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
India&#039;s MDG Score Card: Glass Half Full or Half Empty?, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Suppression of Child Malnutrition Survey Data to Shield Gujarat -Amit Sengupta, Newsclick.in, 9 July, 2015, please &lt;a href=&quot;../latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: UNDP India&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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$metaTitle = &#039;NEWS ALERTS | Evidence lacking for India&amp;#039;s MDG accomplishment on hunger&#039;
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Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&amp;mdash;one of the targets...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&amp;mdash;one of the targets set under the erstwhile &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;Millennium Development Goals&lt;/a&gt; framework (replaced recently by SDGs). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is because the recently released data by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;National Family Health Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2015-16) and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;District-level Household and Facility Survey-4&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2012-13) have not given any information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even the &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;Rapid Survey on Children&lt;/a&gt; (conducted in 2013-14), who&amp;rsquo;s alleged late release by the Government created much hue and cry in the media, has not given information for the same indicator.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All the above-mentioned surveys, namely the NFHS-4, DLHS-4 and the RSOC have given information for the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first three rounds of the National Family Health Survey, viz. NFHS-1 (conducted in 1992-93), NFHS-2 (conducted in 1998-99) and NFHS-3 (conducted in 2005-06) had provided information for the indicator &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (and also for children below 5 years). &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As per the India Country Report 2015 on MDGs (released by MoSPI), the previous rounds of National Family Health Survey shows that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; has declined by 3 percentage points during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 43 percent to about 40 percent. Based on this historical trend of decline, it is expected by the Government that the &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; will come down to about 33 percent only by 2015 vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the target value of 26 percent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Therefore, it is not yet clear from official statistics that exactly what &amp;lsquo;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&amp;rsquo; lived in India during 2015.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Indicator to measure the target of hunger reduction under MDGs&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the absence of data for the indicator &#039;proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption&#039;, the other indicator that has been used officially in India so as to track its achievement of Target 2 of the MDGs is &#039;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&#039; (please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access the India Country Report 2015 on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), prepared by MoSPI). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Target 2 of the MDGs, as mentioned above, is to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger (see the chart on MDGs below). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chart 1: MDGs and Targets--Summary of Progress achieved by India&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MDG%20chart.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;MDG chart&quot; width=&quot;263&quot; height=&quot;279&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is worth mentioning that when the MDGs came into being in the year 2000, eighteen targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for attaining the eight goals. The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) during 2003 provided a framework of 53 indicators (48 basic + 5 alternative) which were categorized according to targets, for measuring the progress towards individual targets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India&amp;rsquo;s MDG framework is based on UNDG&amp;rsquo;s MDG 2003 framework, and it includes all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 Targets (Targets 1 to 11 &amp;amp; 18) which are relevant for India and related 35 indicators.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As per the Statistical Yearbook of India 2016, the country&#039;s MDG-framework has been contextualized through a concordance with the existing official indicators of corresponding dimensions in the national statistical system. These 12 targets and 35 indicators under the 8 Goals constituted the instrument for statistical tracking of the MDGs in India.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The eight MDGs are: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger&lt;br /&gt;Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education&lt;br /&gt;Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women&lt;br /&gt;Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality&lt;br /&gt;Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health&lt;br /&gt;Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB&lt;br /&gt;Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability&lt;br /&gt;Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for Development&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;District-level NFHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) NFHS-4 data for 13 states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand &amp;amp; West Bengal, and two Union Territories (UTs) of Andaman &amp;amp; Nicobar Islands and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The district-level factsheets of NFHS-4 gives information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;District-level DLHS-4 data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) DLHS-4 data for 18 states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharasthra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and West Bengal, and also for 3 UTs of Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh and Puducherry. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although the district-level DLHS-4 factsheets have not provided information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting, stunting and underweight, the state-level factsheets provide information on the same indicators. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The DLHS-4 district-level factsheets have provided information on other indicators such as proportion of children suffering from anaemia (for various age-groups), percentage of children weighed at birth, proportion of children aged 0-5 months who are exclusively breastfed etc. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-13), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, &lt;a href=&quot;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&quot; title=&quot;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&quot;&gt;https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&quot; title=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&quot; title=&quot;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&quot;&gt;http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Chapter 45 MDGs&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Chapter 45 MDGs&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MDG India Country Report 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please &lt;a href=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India Health Report: Nutrition 2015 by Public Health Foundation of India, Transform Nutrition and UK Aid, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (provisional data), Ministry of Women and Child Development, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf&quot; title=&quot;RSOC national factsheet&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf&quot; title=&quot;RSOC national factsheet&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;One-third of West Bengal kids stunted &amp;amp; underweight, informs NFHS-4, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Doubts over Maharashtra&#039;s Nutritional Progress? please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IFPRI report shows under-nutrition has fallen, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Child Malnutrition declining, though not fast enough, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MDGs: A neglected agenda for inclusiveness, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India&#039;s MDG Score Card: Glass Half Full or Half Empty?, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Suppression of Child Malnutrition Survey Data to Shield Gujarat -Amit Sengupta, Newsclick.in, 9 July, 2015, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: UNDP India&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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                <strong>Evidence lacking for India&#039;s MDG accomplishment on hunger</strong></h1>
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                <br /><div align="justify">Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&mdash;one of the targets set under the erstwhile <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html">Millennium Development Goals</a> framework (replaced recently by SDGs). <br /><br />This is because the recently released data by the <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html">National Family Health Survey-4</a> (conducted in 2015-16) and the <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html">District-level Household and Facility Survey-4</a> (conducted in 2012-13) have not given any information for the indicator 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years'. <br /><br />Even the <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html">Rapid Survey on Children</a> (conducted in 2013-14), who&rsquo;s alleged late release by the Government created much hue and cry in the media, has not given information for the same indicator.<br /><br />All the above-mentioned surveys, namely the NFHS-4, DLHS-4 and the RSOC have given information for the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. <br /><br />The first three rounds of the National Family Health Survey, viz. NFHS-1 (conducted in 1992-93), NFHS-2 (conducted in 1998-99) and NFHS-3 (conducted in 2005-06) had provided information for the indicator 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' (and also for children below 5 years). &nbsp;<br /><br />As per the India Country Report 2015 on MDGs (released by MoSPI), the previous rounds of National Family Health Survey shows that the 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' has declined by 3 percentage points during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 43 percent to about 40 percent. Based on this historical trend of decline, it is expected by the Government that the 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' will come down to about 33 percent only by 2015 vis-&agrave;-vis the target value of 26 percent.<br /><br />Therefore, it is not yet clear from official statistics that exactly what &lsquo;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&rsquo; lived in India during 2015.<br /><br /><em>Indicator to measure the target of hunger reduction under MDGs<br /></em><br />In the absence of data for the indicator 'proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption', the other indicator that has been used officially in India so as to track its achievement of Target 2 of the MDGs is 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' (please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf">click here</a> to access the India Country Report 2015 on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), prepared by MoSPI). <br /><br />The Target 2 of the MDGs, as mentioned above, is to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger (see the chart on MDGs below). <br /><br /><strong>Chart 1: MDGs and Targets--Summary of Progress achieved by India<br /></strong></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MDG%20chart.jpg" alt="MDG chart" width="263" height="279" /> <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><em><strong>Source: </strong>Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf">click here</a> to access<br /></em><br /><br />It is worth mentioning that when the MDGs came into being in the year 2000, eighteen targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for attaining the eight goals. The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) during 2003 provided a framework of 53 indicators (48 basic + 5 alternative) which were categorized according to targets, for measuring the progress towards individual targets.<br /><br />India&rsquo;s MDG framework is based on UNDG&rsquo;s MDG 2003 framework, and it includes all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 Targets (Targets 1 to 11 &amp; 18) which are relevant for India and related 35 indicators.<br /><br />As per the Statistical Yearbook of India 2016, the country's MDG-framework has been contextualized through a concordance with the existing official indicators of corresponding dimensions in the national statistical system. These 12 targets and 35 indicators under the 8 Goals constituted the instrument for statistical tracking of the MDGs in India.<br /><br />The eight MDGs are: <br /><br />Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger<br />Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education<br />Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women<br />Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality<br />Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health<br />Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB<br />Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability<br />Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for Development<br /><br /><em>District-level NFHS-4 data<br /></em><br />The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) NFHS-4 data for 13 states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand &amp; West Bengal, and two Union Territories (UTs) of Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands and Puducherry. <br /><br />The district-level factsheets of NFHS-4 gives information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. <br /><br /><em>District-level DLHS-4 data<br /></em><br />The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) DLHS-4 data for 18 states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharasthra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and West Bengal, and also for 3 UTs of Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh and Puducherry. <br /><br />Although the district-level DLHS-4 factsheets have not provided information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting, stunting and underweight, the state-level factsheets provide information on the same indicators. <br /><br />The DLHS-4 district-level factsheets have provided information on other indicators such as proportion of children suffering from anaemia (for various age-groups), percentage of children weighed at birth, proportion of children aged 0-5 months who are exclusively breastfed etc. <br /><br /><strong><em>References:<br /></em></strong><br />District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-13), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, <a href="https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx" title="https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx">https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx</a> <br /><br />National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, <a href="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml" title="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml">http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml</a> <br /><br />National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, <a href="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml" title="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml">http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml</a> <br /><br />Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf" title="Chapter 45 MDGs" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf" title="Chapter 45 MDGs">click here</a> to access<br /><br />MDG India Country Report 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf">click here</a> to access <br /><br />India Health Report: Nutrition 2015 by Public Health Foundation of India, Transform Nutrition and UK Aid, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf">click here</a> to access<br />&nbsp;<br />Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (provisional data), Ministry of Women and Child Development, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf" title="RSOC national factsheet" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf" title="RSOC national factsheet">click here</a> to access<br />&nbsp;<br />One-third of West Bengal kids stunted &amp; underweight, informs NFHS-4, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html">click here</a> to access<br />&nbsp;<br />Doubts over Maharashtra's Nutritional Progress? please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html">click here</a> to access<br /></div><div align="justify"><br />IFPRI report shows under-nutrition has fallen, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />Child Malnutrition declining, though not fast enough, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />MDGs: A neglected agenda for inclusiveness, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />India's MDG Score Card: Glass Half Full or Half Empty?, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />Suppression of Child Malnutrition Survey Data to Shield Gujarat -Amit Sengupta, Newsclick.in, 9 July, 2015, please <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br /><strong>Image Courtesy: UNDP India</strong><br /></div>               </font>
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		'title' => 'Evidence lacking for India's MDG accomplishment on hunger',
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<div align="justify">
Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&mdash;one of the targets set under the erstwhile <a href="../news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html">Millennium Development Goals</a> framework (replaced recently by SDGs). <br />
<br />
This is because the recently released data by the <a href="../news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html">National Family Health Survey-4</a> (conducted in 2015-16) and the <a href="../news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html">District-level Household and Facility Survey-4</a> (conducted in 2012-13) have not given any information for the indicator 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years'. <br />
<br />
Even the <a href="../news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html">Rapid Survey on Children</a> (conducted in 2013-14), who&rsquo;s alleged late release by the Government created much hue and cry in the media, has not given information for the same indicator.<br />
<br />
All the above-mentioned surveys, namely the NFHS-4, DLHS-4 and the RSOC have given information for the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. <br />
<br />
The first three rounds of the National Family Health Survey, viz. NFHS-1 (conducted in 1992-93), NFHS-2 (conducted in 1998-99) and NFHS-3 (conducted in 2005-06) had provided information for the indicator 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' (and also for children below 5 years). &nbsp;<br />
<br />
As per the India Country Report 2015 on MDGs (released by MoSPI), the previous rounds of National Family Health Survey shows that the 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' has declined by 3 percentage points during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 43 percent to about 40 percent. Based on this historical trend of decline, it is expected by the Government that the 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' will come down to about 33 percent only by 2015 vis-&agrave;-vis the target value of 26 percent.<br />
<br />
Therefore, it is not yet clear from official statistics that exactly what &lsquo;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&rsquo; lived in India during 2015.<br />
<br />
<em>Indicator to measure the target of hunger reduction under MDGs<br />
</em><br />
In the absence of data for the indicator 'proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption', the other indicator that has been used officially in India so as to track its achievement of Target 2 of the MDGs is 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' (please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf">click here</a> to access the India Country Report 2015 on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), prepared by MoSPI). <br />
<br />
The Target 2 of the MDGs, as mentioned above, is to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger (see the chart on MDGs below). <br />
<br />
<strong>Chart 1: MDGs and Targets--Summary of Progress achieved by India<br />
</strong>
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
<img src="tinymce/uploaded/MDG%20chart.jpg" alt="MDG chart" width="263" height="279" /> <br />
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
<em><strong>Source: </strong>Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf">click here</a> to access<br />
</em><br />
<br />
It is worth mentioning that when the MDGs came into being in the year 2000, eighteen targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for attaining the eight goals. The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) during 2003 provided a framework of 53 indicators (48 basic + 5 alternative) which were categorized according to targets, for measuring the progress towards individual targets.<br />
<br />
India&rsquo;s MDG framework is based on UNDG&rsquo;s MDG 2003 framework, and it includes all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 Targets (Targets 1 to 11 &amp; 18) which are relevant for India and related 35 indicators.<br />
<br />
As per the Statistical Yearbook of India 2016, the country's MDG-framework has been contextualized through a concordance with the existing official indicators of corresponding dimensions in the national statistical system. These 12 targets and 35 indicators under the 8 Goals constituted the instrument for statistical tracking of the MDGs in India.<br />
<br />
The eight MDGs are: <br />
<br />
Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger<br />
Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education<br />
Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women<br />
Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality<br />
Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health<br />
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB<br />
Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability<br />
Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for Development<br />
<br />
<em>District-level NFHS-4 data<br />
</em><br />
The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) NFHS-4 data for 13 states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand &amp; West Bengal, and two Union Territories (UTs) of Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands and Puducherry. <br />
<br />
The district-level factsheets of NFHS-4 gives information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. <br />
<br />
<em>District-level DLHS-4 data<br />
</em><br />
The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) DLHS-4 data for 18 states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharasthra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and West Bengal, and also for 3 UTs of Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh and Puducherry. <br />
<br />
Although the district-level DLHS-4 factsheets have not provided information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting, stunting and underweight, the state-level factsheets provide information on the same indicators. <br />
<br />
The DLHS-4 district-level factsheets have provided information on other indicators such as proportion of children suffering from anaemia (for various age-groups), percentage of children weighed at birth, proportion of children aged 0-5 months who are exclusively breastfed etc. <br />
<br />
<strong><em>References:<br />
</em></strong><br />
District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-13), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, <a href="https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx">https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx</a> <br />
<br />
National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, <a href="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml">http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml</a> <br />
<br />
National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, <a href="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml">http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml</a> <br />
<br />
Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html">click here</a> to access <br />
<br />
Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf" title="Chapter 45 MDGs">click here</a> to access<br />
<br />
MDG India Country Report 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf">click here</a> to access <br />
<br />
India Health Report: Nutrition 2015 by Public Health Foundation of India, Transform Nutrition and UK Aid, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf">click here</a> to access<br />
&nbsp;<br />
Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (provisional data), Ministry of Women and Child Development, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf" title="RSOC national factsheet">click here</a> to access<br />
&nbsp;<br />
One-third of West Bengal kids stunted &amp; underweight, informs NFHS-4, please <a href="../news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html">click here</a> to access<br />
&nbsp;<br />
Doubts over Maharashtra's Nutritional Progress? please <a href="../news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html">click here</a> to access<br />
</div>
<div align="justify">
<br />
IFPRI report shows under-nutrition has fallen, please <a href="../news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html">click here</a> to access <br />
<br />
Child Malnutrition declining, though not fast enough, please <a href="../news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html">click here</a> to access <br />
<br />
MDGs: A neglected agenda for inclusiveness, please <a href="../news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html">click here</a> to access <br />
<br />
India's MDG Score Card: Glass Half Full or Half Empty?, please <a href="../news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html">click here</a> to access <br />
<br />
Suppression of Child Malnutrition Survey Data to Shield Gujarat -Amit Sengupta, Newsclick.in, 9 July, 2015, please <a href="../latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html">click here</a> to access <br />
<br />
<strong>Image Courtesy: UNDP India</strong><br />
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	'metaTitle' => 'NEWS ALERTS | Evidence lacking for India&#039;s MDG accomplishment on hunger',
	'metaKeywords' => 'Sustainable Development Goals,millennium development goal,millennium development goals,MDGs,SDGs,national family health survey,NFHS,NFHS-3,NFHS-4,NFHS-2,NFHS-1,Rapid Survey on Children,rsoc,Malnutrition,Hunger,Food Security,Right to Food,Stunting,Wasting,Underweight,Undernutrition',
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Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&mdash;one of the targets...',
	'disp' => '<br /><div align="justify">Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&mdash;one of the targets set under the erstwhile <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html">Millennium Development Goals</a> framework (replaced recently by SDGs). <br /><br />This is because the recently released data by the <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html">National Family Health Survey-4</a> (conducted in 2015-16) and the <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html">District-level Household and Facility Survey-4</a> (conducted in 2012-13) have not given any information for the indicator 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years'. <br /><br />Even the <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html">Rapid Survey on Children</a> (conducted in 2013-14), who&rsquo;s alleged late release by the Government created much hue and cry in the media, has not given information for the same indicator.<br /><br />All the above-mentioned surveys, namely the NFHS-4, DLHS-4 and the RSOC have given information for the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. <br /><br />The first three rounds of the National Family Health Survey, viz. NFHS-1 (conducted in 1992-93), NFHS-2 (conducted in 1998-99) and NFHS-3 (conducted in 2005-06) had provided information for the indicator 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' (and also for children below 5 years). &nbsp;<br /><br />As per the India Country Report 2015 on MDGs (released by MoSPI), the previous rounds of National Family Health Survey shows that the 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' has declined by 3 percentage points during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 43 percent to about 40 percent. Based on this historical trend of decline, it is expected by the Government that the 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' will come down to about 33 percent only by 2015 vis-&agrave;-vis the target value of 26 percent.<br /><br />Therefore, it is not yet clear from official statistics that exactly what &lsquo;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&rsquo; lived in India during 2015.<br /><br /><em>Indicator to measure the target of hunger reduction under MDGs<br /></em><br />In the absence of data for the indicator 'proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption', the other indicator that has been used officially in India so as to track its achievement of Target 2 of the MDGs is 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' (please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf">click here</a> to access the India Country Report 2015 on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), prepared by MoSPI). <br /><br />The Target 2 of the MDGs, as mentioned above, is to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger (see the chart on MDGs below). <br /><br /><strong>Chart 1: MDGs and Targets--Summary of Progress achieved by India<br /></strong></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MDG%20chart.jpg" alt="MDG chart" width="263" height="279" /> <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><em><strong>Source: </strong>Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf">click here</a> to access<br /></em><br /><br />It is worth mentioning that when the MDGs came into being in the year 2000, eighteen targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for attaining the eight goals. The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) during 2003 provided a framework of 53 indicators (48 basic + 5 alternative) which were categorized according to targets, for measuring the progress towards individual targets.<br /><br />India&rsquo;s MDG framework is based on UNDG&rsquo;s MDG 2003 framework, and it includes all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 Targets (Targets 1 to 11 &amp; 18) which are relevant for India and related 35 indicators.<br /><br />As per the Statistical Yearbook of India 2016, the country's MDG-framework has been contextualized through a concordance with the existing official indicators of corresponding dimensions in the national statistical system. These 12 targets and 35 indicators under the 8 Goals constituted the instrument for statistical tracking of the MDGs in India.<br /><br />The eight MDGs are: <br /><br />Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger<br />Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education<br />Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women<br />Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality<br />Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health<br />Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB<br />Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability<br />Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for Development<br /><br /><em>District-level NFHS-4 data<br /></em><br />The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) NFHS-4 data for 13 states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand &amp; West Bengal, and two Union Territories (UTs) of Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands and Puducherry. <br /><br />The district-level factsheets of NFHS-4 gives information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. <br /><br /><em>District-level DLHS-4 data<br /></em><br />The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) DLHS-4 data for 18 states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharasthra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and West Bengal, and also for 3 UTs of Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh and Puducherry. <br /><br />Although the district-level DLHS-4 factsheets have not provided information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting, stunting and underweight, the state-level factsheets provide information on the same indicators. <br /><br />The DLHS-4 district-level factsheets have provided information on other indicators such as proportion of children suffering from anaemia (for various age-groups), percentage of children weighed at birth, proportion of children aged 0-5 months who are exclusively breastfed etc. <br /><br /><strong><em>References:<br /></em></strong><br />District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-13), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, <a href="https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx" title="https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx">https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx</a> <br /><br />National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, <a href="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml" title="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml">http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml</a> <br /><br />National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, <a href="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml" title="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml">http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml</a> <br /><br />Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf" title="Chapter 45 MDGs" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf" title="Chapter 45 MDGs">click here</a> to access<br /><br />MDG India Country Report 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf">click here</a> to access <br /><br />India Health Report: Nutrition 2015 by Public Health Foundation of India, Transform Nutrition and UK Aid, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf">click here</a> to access<br />&nbsp;<br />Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (provisional data), Ministry of Women and Child Development, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf" title="RSOC national factsheet" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf" title="RSOC national factsheet">click here</a> to access<br />&nbsp;<br />One-third of West Bengal kids stunted &amp; underweight, informs NFHS-4, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html">click here</a> to access<br />&nbsp;<br />Doubts over Maharashtra's Nutritional Progress? please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html">click here</a> to access<br /></div><div align="justify"><br />IFPRI report shows under-nutrition has fallen, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />Child Malnutrition declining, though not fast enough, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />MDGs: A neglected agenda for inclusiveness, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />India's MDG Score Card: Glass Half Full or Half Empty?, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />Suppression of Child Malnutrition Survey Data to Shield Gujarat -Amit Sengupta, Newsclick.in, 9 July, 2015, please <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br /><strong>Image Courtesy: UNDP India</strong><br /></div>',
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	'id' => (int) 30582,
	'title' => 'Evidence lacking for India&#039;s MDG accomplishment on hunger',
	'subheading' => '',
	'description' => '<br />
<div align="justify">
Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&mdash;one of the targets set under the erstwhile <a href="../news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html">Millennium Development Goals</a> framework (replaced recently by SDGs). <br />
<br />
This is because the recently released data by the <a href="../news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html">National Family Health Survey-4</a> (conducted in 2015-16) and the <a href="../news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html">District-level Household and Facility Survey-4</a> (conducted in 2012-13) have not given any information for the indicator 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years'. <br />
<br />
Even the <a href="../news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html">Rapid Survey on Children</a> (conducted in 2013-14), who&rsquo;s alleged late release by the Government created much hue and cry in the media, has not given information for the same indicator.<br />
<br />
All the above-mentioned surveys, namely the NFHS-4, DLHS-4 and the RSOC have given information for the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. <br />
<br />
The first three rounds of the National Family Health Survey, viz. NFHS-1 (conducted in 1992-93), NFHS-2 (conducted in 1998-99) and NFHS-3 (conducted in 2005-06) had provided information for the indicator 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' (and also for children below 5 years). &nbsp;<br />
<br />
As per the India Country Report 2015 on MDGs (released by MoSPI), the previous rounds of National Family Health Survey shows that the 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' has declined by 3 percentage points during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 43 percent to about 40 percent. Based on this historical trend of decline, it is expected by the Government that the 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' will come down to about 33 percent only by 2015 vis-&agrave;-vis the target value of 26 percent.<br />
<br />
Therefore, it is not yet clear from official statistics that exactly what &lsquo;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&rsquo; lived in India during 2015.<br />
<br />
<em>Indicator to measure the target of hunger reduction under MDGs<br />
</em><br />
In the absence of data for the indicator 'proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption', the other indicator that has been used officially in India so as to track its achievement of Target 2 of the MDGs is 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' (please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf">click here</a> to access the India Country Report 2015 on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), prepared by MoSPI). <br />
<br />
The Target 2 of the MDGs, as mentioned above, is to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger (see the chart on MDGs below). <br />
<br />
<strong>Chart 1: MDGs and Targets--Summary of Progress achieved by India<br />
</strong>
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
<img src="tinymce/uploaded/MDG%20chart.jpg" alt="MDG chart" width="263" height="279" /> <br />
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
<em><strong>Source: </strong>Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf">click here</a> to access<br />
</em><br />
<br />
It is worth mentioning that when the MDGs came into being in the year 2000, eighteen targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for attaining the eight goals. The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) during 2003 provided a framework of 53 indicators (48 basic + 5 alternative) which were categorized according to targets, for measuring the progress towards individual targets.<br />
<br />
India&rsquo;s MDG framework is based on UNDG&rsquo;s MDG 2003 framework, and it includes all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 Targets (Targets 1 to 11 &amp; 18) which are relevant for India and related 35 indicators.<br />
<br />
As per the Statistical Yearbook of India 2016, the country's MDG-framework has been contextualized through a concordance with the existing official indicators of corresponding dimensions in the national statistical system. These 12 targets and 35 indicators under the 8 Goals constituted the instrument for statistical tracking of the MDGs in India.<br />
<br />
The eight MDGs are: <br />
<br />
Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger<br />
Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education<br />
Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women<br />
Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality<br />
Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health<br />
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB<br />
Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability<br />
Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for Development<br />
<br />
<em>District-level NFHS-4 data<br />
</em><br />
The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) NFHS-4 data for 13 states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand &amp; West Bengal, and two Union Territories (UTs) of Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands and Puducherry. <br />
<br />
The district-level factsheets of NFHS-4 gives information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. <br />
<br />
<em>District-level DLHS-4 data<br />
</em><br />
The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) DLHS-4 data for 18 states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharasthra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and West Bengal, and also for 3 UTs of Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh and Puducherry. <br />
<br />
Although the district-level DLHS-4 factsheets have not provided information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting, stunting and underweight, the state-level factsheets provide information on the same indicators. <br />
<br />
The DLHS-4 district-level factsheets have provided information on other indicators such as proportion of children suffering from anaemia (for various age-groups), percentage of children weighed at birth, proportion of children aged 0-5 months who are exclusively breastfed etc. <br />
<br />
<strong><em>References:<br />
</em></strong><br />
District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-13), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, <a href="https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx">https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx</a> <br />
<br />
National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, <a href="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml">http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml</a> <br />
<br />
National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, <a href="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml">http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml</a> <br />
<br />
Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html">click here</a> to access <br />
<br />
Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf" title="Chapter 45 MDGs">click here</a> to access<br />
<br />
MDG India Country Report 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf">click here</a> to access <br />
<br />
India Health Report: Nutrition 2015 by Public Health Foundation of India, Transform Nutrition and UK Aid, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf">click here</a> to access<br />
&nbsp;<br />
Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (provisional data), Ministry of Women and Child Development, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf" title="RSOC national factsheet">click here</a> to access<br />
&nbsp;<br />
One-third of West Bengal kids stunted &amp; underweight, informs NFHS-4, please <a href="../news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html">click here</a> to access<br />
&nbsp;<br />
Doubts over Maharashtra's Nutritional Progress? please <a href="../news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html">click here</a> to access<br />
</div>
<div align="justify">
<br />
IFPRI report shows under-nutrition has fallen, please <a href="../news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html">click here</a> to access <br />
<br />
Child Malnutrition declining, though not fast enough, please <a href="../news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html">click here</a> to access <br />
<br />
MDGs: A neglected agenda for inclusiveness, please <a href="../news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html">click here</a> to access <br />
<br />
India's MDG Score Card: Glass Half Full or Half Empty?, please <a href="../news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html">click here</a> to access <br />
<br />
Suppression of Child Malnutrition Survey Data to Shield Gujarat -Amit Sengupta, Newsclick.in, 9 July, 2015, please <a href="../latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html">click here</a> to access <br />
<br />
<strong>Image Courtesy: UNDP India</strong><br />
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$metaTitle = 'NEWS ALERTS | Evidence lacking for India&#039;s MDG accomplishment on hunger'
$metaKeywords = 'Sustainable Development Goals,millennium development goal,millennium development goals,MDGs,SDGs,national family health survey,NFHS,NFHS-3,NFHS-4,NFHS-2,NFHS-1,Rapid Survey on Children,rsoc,Malnutrition,Hunger,Food Security,Right to Food,Stunting,Wasting,Underweight,Undernutrition'
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Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&mdash;one of the targets...'
$disp = '<br /><div align="justify">Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger&mdash;one of the targets set under the erstwhile <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html">Millennium Development Goals</a> framework (replaced recently by SDGs). <br /><br />This is because the recently released data by the <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html">National Family Health Survey-4</a> (conducted in 2015-16) and the <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html">District-level Household and Facility Survey-4</a> (conducted in 2012-13) have not given any information for the indicator 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years'. <br /><br />Even the <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html">Rapid Survey on Children</a> (conducted in 2013-14), who&rsquo;s alleged late release by the Government created much hue and cry in the media, has not given information for the same indicator.<br /><br />All the above-mentioned surveys, namely the NFHS-4, DLHS-4 and the RSOC have given information for the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. <br /><br />The first three rounds of the National Family Health Survey, viz. NFHS-1 (conducted in 1992-93), NFHS-2 (conducted in 1998-99) and NFHS-3 (conducted in 2005-06) had provided information for the indicator 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' (and also for children below 5 years). &nbsp;<br /><br />As per the India Country Report 2015 on MDGs (released by MoSPI), the previous rounds of National Family Health Survey shows that the 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' has declined by 3 percentage points during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 43 percent to about 40 percent. Based on this historical trend of decline, it is expected by the Government that the 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' will come down to about 33 percent only by 2015 vis-&agrave;-vis the target value of 26 percent.<br /><br />Therefore, it is not yet clear from official statistics that exactly what &lsquo;proportion of underweight children below 3 years&rsquo; lived in India during 2015.<br /><br /><em>Indicator to measure the target of hunger reduction under MDGs<br /></em><br />In the absence of data for the indicator 'proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption', the other indicator that has been used officially in India so as to track its achievement of Target 2 of the MDGs is 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' (please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf">click here</a> to access the India Country Report 2015 on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), prepared by MoSPI). <br /><br />The Target 2 of the MDGs, as mentioned above, is to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger (see the chart on MDGs below). <br /><br /><strong>Chart 1: MDGs and Targets--Summary of Progress achieved by India<br /></strong></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MDG%20chart.jpg" alt="MDG chart" width="263" height="279" /> <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><em><strong>Source: </strong>Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/CH-45-MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/ch45.pdf">click here</a> to access<br /></em><br /><br />It is worth mentioning that when the MDGs came into being in the year 2000, eighteen targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for attaining the eight goals. The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) during 2003 provided a framework of 53 indicators (48 basic + 5 alternative) which were categorized according to targets, for measuring the progress towards individual targets.<br /><br />India&rsquo;s MDG framework is based on UNDG&rsquo;s MDG 2003 framework, and it includes all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 Targets (Targets 1 to 11 &amp; 18) which are relevant for India and related 35 indicators.<br /><br />As per the Statistical Yearbook of India 2016, the country's MDG-framework has been contextualized through a concordance with the existing official indicators of corresponding dimensions in the national statistical system. These 12 targets and 35 indicators under the 8 Goals constituted the instrument for statistical tracking of the MDGs in India.<br /><br />The eight MDGs are: <br /><br />Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger<br />Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education<br />Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women<br />Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality<br />Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health<br />Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB<br />Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability<br />Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for Development<br /><br /><em>District-level NFHS-4 data<br /></em><br />The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) NFHS-4 data for 13 states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand &amp; West Bengal, and two Union Territories (UTs) of Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands and Puducherry. <br /><br />The district-level factsheets of NFHS-4 gives information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. <br /><br /><em>District-level DLHS-4 data<br /></em><br />The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) DLHS-4 data for 18 states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharasthra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and West Bengal, and also for 3 UTs of Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh and Puducherry. <br /><br />Although the district-level DLHS-4 factsheets have not provided information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting, stunting and underweight, the state-level factsheets provide information on the same indicators. <br /><br />The DLHS-4 district-level factsheets have provided information on other indicators such as proportion of children suffering from anaemia (for various age-groups), percentage of children weighed at birth, proportion of children aged 0-5 months who are exclusively breastfed etc. <br /><br /><strong><em>References:<br /></em></strong><br />District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-13), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, <a href="https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx" title="https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx">https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx</a> <br /><br />National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, <a href="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml" title="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml">http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml</a> <br /><br />National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, <a href="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml" title="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml">http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml</a> <br /><br />Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SYB2016/index1.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf" title="Chapter 45 MDGs" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/ch45.pdf" title="Chapter 45 MDGs">click here</a> to access<br /><br />MDG India Country Report 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf">click here</a> to access <br /><br />India Health Report: Nutrition 2015 by Public Health Foundation of India, Transform Nutrition and UK Aid, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Health%20Report%20PHFI.pdf">click here</a> to access<br />&nbsp;<br />Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (provisional data), Ministry of Women and Child Development, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf" title="RSOC national factsheet" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/National_Fact%20sheet_RSOC%20_02-07-2015.pdf" title="RSOC national factsheet">click here</a> to access<br />&nbsp;<br />One-third of West Bengal kids stunted &amp; underweight, informs NFHS-4, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/one-third-of-west-bengal-kids-stunted-underweight-informs-nfhs-4-4678390.html">click here</a> to access<br />&nbsp;<br />Doubts over Maharashtra's Nutritional Progress? please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/doubts-over-maharashtra039s-nutritional-progress-4675165.html">click here</a> to access<br /></div><div align="justify"><br />IFPRI report shows under-nutrition has fallen, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/ifpri-report-shows-under-nutrition-has-fallen-4677286.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />Child Malnutrition declining, though not fast enough, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/child-malnutrition-declining-though-not-fast-enough-4674611.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />MDGs: A neglected agenda for inclusiveness, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/mdgs-a-neglected-agenda-for-inclusiveness-4675569.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />India's MDG Score Card: Glass Half Full or Half Empty?, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/india039s-mdg-score-card-glass-half-full-or-half-empty-23862.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br />Suppression of Child Malnutrition Survey Data to Shield Gujarat -Amit Sengupta, Newsclick.in, 9 July, 2015, please <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/suppression-of-child-malnutrition-survey-data-to-shield-gujarat-amit-sengupta-4676664.html">click here</a> to access <br /><br /><strong>Image Courtesy: UNDP India</strong><br /></div>'
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Evidence lacking for India's MDG accomplishment on hunger

Although there is sufficient data and evidence available in the public domain to argue whether there has been halving of poverty between 1990 and 2015, the same cannot be said with conviction about the halving of hunger—one of the targets set under the erstwhile Millennium Development Goals framework (replaced recently by SDGs). This is because the recently released data by the National Family Health Survey-4 (conducted in 2015-16) and the District-level Household and Facility Survey-4 (conducted in 2012-13) have not given any information for the indicator 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years'. Even the Rapid Survey on Children (conducted in 2013-14), who’s alleged late release by the Government created much hue and cry in the media, has not given information for the same indicator. All the above-mentioned surveys, namely the NFHS-4, DLHS-4 and the RSOC have given information for the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. The first three rounds of the National Family Health Survey, viz. NFHS-1 (conducted in 1992-93), NFHS-2 (conducted in 1998-99) and NFHS-3 (conducted in 2005-06) had provided information for the indicator 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' (and also for children below 5 years).   As per the India Country Report 2015 on MDGs (released by MoSPI), the previous rounds of National Family Health Survey shows that the 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' has declined by 3 percentage points during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 43 percent to about 40 percent. Based on this historical trend of decline, it is expected by the Government that the 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' will come down to about 33 percent only by 2015 vis-à-vis the target value of 26 percent. Therefore, it is not yet clear from official statistics that exactly what ‘proportion of underweight children below 3 years’ lived in India during 2015. Indicator to measure the target of hunger reduction under MDGs In the absence of data for the indicator 'proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption', the other indicator that has been used officially in India so as to track its achievement of Target 2 of the MDGs is 'proportion of underweight children below 3 years' (please click here to access the India Country Report 2015 on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), prepared by MoSPI). The Target 2 of the MDGs, as mentioned above, is to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger (see the chart on MDGs below). Chart 1: MDGs and Targets--Summary of Progress achieved by India     Source: Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please click here to access It is worth mentioning that when the MDGs came into being in the year 2000, eighteen targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for attaining the eight goals. The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) during 2003 provided a framework of 53 indicators (48 basic + 5 alternative) which were categorized according to targets, for measuring the progress towards individual targets. India’s MDG framework is based on UNDG’s MDG 2003 framework, and it includes all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 Targets (Targets 1 to 11 & 18) which are relevant for India and related 35 indicators. As per the Statistical Yearbook of India 2016, the country's MDG-framework has been contextualized through a concordance with the existing official indicators of corresponding dimensions in the national statistical system. These 12 targets and 35 indicators under the 8 Goals constituted the instrument for statistical tracking of the MDGs in India. The eight MDGs are: Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for Development District-level NFHS-4 data The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) NFHS-4 data for 13 states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand & West Bengal, and two Union Territories (UTs) of Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Puducherry. The district-level factsheets of NFHS-4 gives information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting (i.e. too thin for height), stunting (i.e. too short for age) and underweight (i.e. too thin for age) but not for children below 3 years. District-level DLHS-4 data The Government has recently released the district-level (apart from the state-level figures) DLHS-4 data for 18 states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharasthra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and West Bengal, and also for 3 UTs of Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh and Puducherry. Although the district-level DLHS-4 factsheets have not provided information on the indicators to measure nutritional status of children below 5 years, viz. wasting, stunting and underweight, the state-level factsheets provide information on the same indicators. The DLHS-4 district-level factsheets have provided information on other indicators such as proportion of children suffering from anaemia (for various age-groups), percentage of children weighed at birth, proportion of children aged 0-5 months who are exclusively breastfed etc. References: District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-13), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/DLHS-4.aspx National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and International Institute of Population Sciences, http://rchiips.org/nfhs/report.shtml Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please click here to access Chapter 45: Millennium Development Goals in Statistical Year Book (India) 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please click here to access MDG India Country Report 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please click here to access India Health Report: Nutrition 2015 by Public Health Foundation of India, Transform Nutrition and UK Aid, please click here to access   Rapid Survey on Children 2013-14 (provisional data), Ministry of Women and Child Development, please click here to access   One-third of West Bengal kids stunted & underweight, informs NFHS-4, please click here to access   Doubts over Maharashtra's Nutritional Progress? please click here to access IFPRI report shows under-nutrition has fallen, please click here to access Child Malnutrition declining, though not fast enough, please click here to access MDGs: A neglected agenda for inclusiveness, please click here to access India's MDG Score Card: Glass Half Full or Half Empty?, please click here to access Suppression of Child Malnutrition Survey Data to Shield Gujarat -Amit Sengupta, Newsclick.in, 9 July, 2015, please click here to access Image Courtesy: UNDP India