Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064c187406-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064c187406-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f064c187406-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064c187406-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064c187406-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064c187406-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064c187406-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f064c187406-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16660,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Unreliable MGNREGA data raise doubts &amp;amp; questions&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Two sets of government data on UPA government&amp;#39;s most famous flagship programme &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html&quot;&gt;Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA)&lt;/a&gt;, for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which experts say is indicative of the corruption in the scheme and weakness of social audit or accountability.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The government has increasingly relied on Management Information System (MIS) for monitoring NREGA at the Gram Panchayat (GP) level. However, the recently released Ministry of Rural Development report entitled MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012 points out the discrepancies in the data reported by Management Information System (MIS) and the National Sample Survey-NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010]. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;MIS NSS Nrega&quot; src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/NSS%20MIS%20Nrega.BMP&quot; style=&quot;height:593px; width:597px&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Table 6.4 titled &amp;quot;Difference in NSSO 66th Round and MIS/Monthly Progress Report Data&amp;quot; located at page 71 (see above) of the Sameeksha report reveals that&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and Monthly Progress Report-MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], percentage of rural households in India provided employment under MGNREGA stood at 25 percent whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 24 percent. The differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for states like Andhra Pradesh (MIS/MPR= 50; NSS= 35), Jharkhand (MIS/MPR= 44; NSS= 16), West Bengal (MIS/MPR= 26; NSS= 43) etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], average person days per household under MGNREGA in India stood at 54 days whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 37 days. Here too differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for the states.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Speaking on these differences, the Sameeksha report suggests that more national level survey-based studies are required to verify the authenticity of MIS data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Reetika Khera (from Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and a visiting scholar at the Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics), discrepancies arise usually due to misreporting or giving false figures. She said discrepancies were usually higher in states with more corruption in MNREGA, lower awareness and weaker accountability systems.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Why is MIS preferred in India?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MIS is preferred over paper-based Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs) since the latter could not be drilled down beyond the district level, which made it difficult to monitor Gram Panchayat-wise performance, issues and expenditure during 2006-07. MIS which provides real time online data can be used for the purpose of monitoring because of its reliability. It is assumed that MIS makes data transparent and available in the public domain to be equally accessed by all, thus ensuring Right to Information. In India the National Informatics Centre (NIC) has developed the MIS for National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The web-based MIS can be accessed from &lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in&lt;/a&gt;. MIS places all critical parameters such as shelf of projects, sanctioned works, wage payments, number of days of employment provided and works under execution on line for easy public access. For FY 2011&amp;ndash;12, more than 90 per cent of the total expenditure (as compared to MPRs) is available on MIS (including details of beneficiaries etc.).&lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Sources:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Rural Development, GoI,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Maximum Dithering for Minimum Wages!, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;What is wrong with MG-NREGA?, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA: Mixed success so far, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;The Biggest MNREGA Scam in Rajasthan, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
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	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;NEWS ALERTS | Unreliable MGNREGA data raise doubts &amp;amp; questions&#039;,
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	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;Two sets of government data on UPA government&amp;#39;s most famous flagship programme Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Two sets of government data on UPA government&amp;#39;s most famous flagship programme &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html&quot;&gt;Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA)&lt;/a&gt;, for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which experts say is indicative of the corruption in the scheme and weakness of social audit or accountability.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The government has increasingly relied on Management Information System (MIS) for monitoring NREGA at the Gram Panchayat (GP) level. However, the recently released Ministry of Rural Development report entitled MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012 points out the discrepancies in the data reported by Management Information System (MIS) and the National Sample Survey-NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010]. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;MIS NSS Nrega&quot; src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/NSS%20MIS%20Nrega.BMP&quot; style=&quot;height:593px; width:597px&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Table 6.4 titled &amp;quot;Difference in NSSO 66th Round and MIS/Monthly Progress Report Data&amp;quot; located at page 71 (see above) of the Sameeksha report reveals that&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and Monthly Progress Report-MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], percentage of rural households in India provided employment under MGNREGA stood at 25 percent whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 24 percent. The differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for states like Andhra Pradesh (MIS/MPR= 50; NSS= 35), Jharkhand (MIS/MPR= 44; NSS= 16), West Bengal (MIS/MPR= 26; NSS= 43) etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], average person days per household under MGNREGA in India stood at 54 days whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 37 days. Here too differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for the states.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Speaking on these differences, the Sameeksha report suggests that more national level survey-based studies are required to verify the authenticity of MIS data.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Reetika Khera (from Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and a visiting scholar at the Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics), discrepancies arise usually due to misreporting or giving false figures. She said discrepancies were usually higher in states with more corruption in MNREGA, lower awareness and weaker accountability systems.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Why is MIS preferred in India?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MIS is preferred over paper-based Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs) since the latter could not be drilled down beyond the district level, which made it difficult to monitor Gram Panchayat-wise performance, issues and expenditure during 2006-07. MIS which provides real time online data can be used for the purpose of monitoring because of its reliability. It is assumed that MIS makes data transparent and available in the public domain to be equally accessed by all, thus ensuring Right to Information. In India the National Informatics Centre (NIC) has developed the MIS for National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The web-based MIS can be accessed from &lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx&quot; title=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in&lt;/a&gt;. MIS places all critical parameters such as shelf of projects, sanctioned works, wage payments, number of days of employment provided and works under execution on line for easy public access. 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Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;&lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;&lt;style&gt;/* Style Definitions */table.MsoNormalTable{mso-style-name:&quot; &quot;;mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;mso-para-margin:0in;mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}&lt;/style&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Sources:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Rural Development, GoI,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;&lt;w:WordDocument&gt;&lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;&lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;&lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;&lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;&lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;&lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;&lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;&lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;&lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;&lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;EN-US&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;HI&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;&lt;w:Compatibility&gt;&lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;&lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;&lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;&lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;&lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;&lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;&lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;&lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;&lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;&lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;&lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;&lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;&lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;&lt;m:mathPr&gt;&lt;m:mathFont m:val=&quot;Cambria Math&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:brkBin m:val=&quot;before&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&quot;--&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:smallFrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:dispDef/&gt;&lt;m:lMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:rMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:defJc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:intLim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:naryLim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;/&gt;&lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;&lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;DefSemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; DefQFormat=&quot;false&quot; DefPriority=&quot;99&quot;LatentStyleCount=&quot;267&quot;&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;0&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Normal&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 7&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 8&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 9&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 7&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 8&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 9&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;35&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;caption&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;10&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Title&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; Name=&quot;Default Paragraph Font&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;11&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtitle&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;22&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Strong&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;20&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;59&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;&lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;&lt;style&gt;/* Style Definitions */table.MsoNormalTable{mso-style-name:&quot; &quot;;mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;mso-para-margin:0in;mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}&lt;/style&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; 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	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16660,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Unreliable MGNREGA data raise doubts &amp;amp; questions&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Two sets of government data on UPA government&amp;#39;s most famous flagship programme &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html&quot;&gt;Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA)&lt;/a&gt;, for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which experts say is indicative of the corruption in the scheme and weakness of social audit or accountability.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The government has increasingly relied on Management Information System (MIS) for monitoring NREGA at the Gram Panchayat (GP) level. However, the recently released Ministry of Rural Development report entitled MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012 points out the discrepancies in the data reported by Management Information System (MIS) and the National Sample Survey-NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010]. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;MIS NSS Nrega&quot; src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/NSS%20MIS%20Nrega.BMP&quot; style=&quot;height:593px; width:597px&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Table 6.4 titled &amp;quot;Difference in NSSO 66th Round and MIS/Monthly Progress Report Data&amp;quot; located at page 71 (see above) of the Sameeksha report reveals that&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and Monthly Progress Report-MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], percentage of rural households in India provided employment under MGNREGA stood at 25 percent whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 24 percent. The differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for states like Andhra Pradesh (MIS/MPR= 50; NSS= 35), Jharkhand (MIS/MPR= 44; NSS= 16), West Bengal (MIS/MPR= 26; NSS= 43) etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], average person days per household under MGNREGA in India stood at 54 days whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 37 days. Here too differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for the states.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Speaking on these differences, the Sameeksha report suggests that more national level survey-based studies are required to verify the authenticity of MIS data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Reetika Khera (from Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and a visiting scholar at the Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics), discrepancies arise usually due to misreporting or giving false figures. She said discrepancies were usually higher in states with more corruption in MNREGA, lower awareness and weaker accountability systems.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Why is MIS preferred in India?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MIS is preferred over paper-based Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs) since the latter could not be drilled down beyond the district level, which made it difficult to monitor Gram Panchayat-wise performance, issues and expenditure during 2006-07. MIS which provides real time online data can be used for the purpose of monitoring because of its reliability. It is assumed that MIS makes data transparent and available in the public domain to be equally accessed by all, thus ensuring Right to Information. In India the National Informatics Centre (NIC) has developed the MIS for National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The web-based MIS can be accessed from &lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in&lt;/a&gt;. MIS places all critical parameters such as shelf of projects, sanctioned works, wage payments, number of days of employment provided and works under execution on line for easy public access. For FY 2011&amp;ndash;12, more than 90 per cent of the total expenditure (as compared to MPRs) is available on MIS (including details of beneficiaries etc.).&lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Sources:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Rural Development, GoI,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;NREGA MIS Circular, &lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12&quot;&gt;http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Budget allocations, net of recoveries for MGNREGA, Notes on Demands for Grants 2012-13, &lt;a href=&quot;http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf&quot;&gt;http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA 2.0 LAUNCHED: NEW GUIDELINES, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Five years of MG-NREGS, World&amp;rsquo;s Largest Rural Job Scheme, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Maximum Dithering for Minimum Wages!, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;What is wrong with MG-NREGA?, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA: Mixed success so far, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;The Biggest MNREGA Scam in Rajasthan, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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$articleid = (int) 16660
$metaTitle = &#039;NEWS ALERTS | Unreliable MGNREGA data raise doubts &amp;amp; questions&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Corruption,NREGA,NREGS&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;Two sets of government data on UPA government&amp;#39;s most famous flagship programme Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Two sets of government data on UPA government&amp;#39;s most famous flagship programme &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html&quot;&gt;Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA)&lt;/a&gt;, for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which experts say is indicative of the corruption in the scheme and weakness of social audit or accountability.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The government has increasingly relied on Management Information System (MIS) for monitoring NREGA at the Gram Panchayat (GP) level. However, the recently released Ministry of Rural Development report entitled MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012 points out the discrepancies in the data reported by Management Information System (MIS) and the National Sample Survey-NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010]. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;MIS NSS Nrega&quot; src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/NSS%20MIS%20Nrega.BMP&quot; style=&quot;height:593px; width:597px&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Table 6.4 titled &amp;quot;Difference in NSSO 66th Round and MIS/Monthly Progress Report Data&amp;quot; located at page 71 (see above) of the Sameeksha report reveals that&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and Monthly Progress Report-MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], percentage of rural households in India provided employment under MGNREGA stood at 25 percent whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 24 percent. The differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for states like Andhra Pradesh (MIS/MPR= 50; NSS= 35), Jharkhand (MIS/MPR= 44; NSS= 16), West Bengal (MIS/MPR= 26; NSS= 43) etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], average person days per household under MGNREGA in India stood at 54 days whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 37 days. Here too differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for the states.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Speaking on these differences, the Sameeksha report suggests that more national level survey-based studies are required to verify the authenticity of MIS data.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Reetika Khera (from Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and a visiting scholar at the Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics), discrepancies arise usually due to misreporting or giving false figures. She said discrepancies were usually higher in states with more corruption in MNREGA, lower awareness and weaker accountability systems.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Why is MIS preferred in India?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MIS is preferred over paper-based Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs) since the latter could not be drilled down beyond the district level, which made it difficult to monitor Gram Panchayat-wise performance, issues and expenditure during 2006-07. MIS which provides real time online data can be used for the purpose of monitoring because of its reliability. It is assumed that MIS makes data transparent and available in the public domain to be equally accessed by all, thus ensuring Right to Information. In India the National Informatics Centre (NIC) has developed the MIS for National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The web-based MIS can be accessed from &lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx&quot; title=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in&lt;/a&gt;. MIS places all critical parameters such as shelf of projects, sanctioned works, wage payments, number of days of employment provided and works under execution on line for easy public access. 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Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;&lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;&lt;style&gt;/* Style Definitions */table.MsoNormalTable{mso-style-name:&quot; &quot;;mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;mso-para-margin:0in;mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}&lt;/style&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Sources:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Rural Development, GoI,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;&lt;w:WordDocument&gt;&lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;&lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;&lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;&lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;&lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;&lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;&lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;&lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;&lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;&lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;EN-US&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;HI&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;&lt;w:Compatibility&gt;&lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;&lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;&lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;&lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;&lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;&lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;&lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;&lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;&lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;&lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;&lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;&lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;&lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;&lt;m:mathPr&gt;&lt;m:mathFont m:val=&quot;Cambria Math&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:brkBin m:val=&quot;before&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&quot;--&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:smallFrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:dispDef/&gt;&lt;m:lMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:rMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:defJc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:intLim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:naryLim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;/&gt;&lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;&lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; 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Priority=&quot;20&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;59&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; 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QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; 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font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;NREGA MIS Circular, &lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12&quot; title=&quot;http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12&quot;&gt;http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Budget allocations, net of recoveries for MGNREGA, Notes on Demands for Grants 2012-13, &lt;a href=&quot;http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf&quot;&gt;http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA 2.0 LAUNCHED: NEW GUIDELINES, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-n&lt;br /&gt;ew-guidelines-15082.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Five years of MG-NREGS, World&amp;rsquo;s Largest Rural Job Scheme, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs&lt;br /&gt;-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Maximum Dithering for Minimum Wages!, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-&lt;br /&gt;minimum-wages-5575.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;What is wrong with MG-NREGA?, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-&lt;br /&gt;nrega-4237.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA: Mixed success so far, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-&lt;br /&gt;so-far-3513.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;The Biggest MNREGA Scam in Rajasthan, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-sca&lt;br /&gt;m-in-rajasthan-1911.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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                <strong>Unreliable MGNREGA data raise doubts &amp; questions</strong></h1>
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                <div style="text-align:justify">Two sets of government data on UPA government&#39;s most famous flagship programme <a href="https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html">Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA)</a>, for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which experts say is indicative of the corruption in the scheme and weakness of social audit or accountability.<br /><br />The government has increasingly relied on Management Information System (MIS) for monitoring NREGA at the Gram Panchayat (GP) level. However, the recently released Ministry of Rural Development report entitled MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012 points out the discrepancies in the data reported by Management Information System (MIS) and the National Sample Survey-NSS data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010]. &nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify"><br /><img alt="MIS NSS Nrega" src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/NSS%20MIS%20Nrega.BMP" style="height:593px; width:597px" /><br /><br />Table 6.4 titled &quot;Difference in NSSO 66th Round and MIS/Monthly Progress Report Data&quot; located at page 71 (see above) of the Sameeksha report reveals that<br /><br />&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As per the MIS and Monthly Progress Report-MPR data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010], percentage of rural households in India provided employment under MGNREGA stood at 25 percent whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010] was 24 percent. The differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for states like Andhra Pradesh (MIS/MPR= 50; NSS= 35), Jharkhand (MIS/MPR= 44; NSS= 16), West Bengal (MIS/MPR= 26; NSS= 43) etc.<br /><br />&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As per the MIS and MPR data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010], average person days per household under MGNREGA in India stood at 54 days whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010] was 37 days. Here too differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for the states.<br /><br />Speaking on these differences, the Sameeksha report suggests that more national level survey-based studies are required to verify the authenticity of MIS data.<br /><br />According to Reetika Khera (from Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and a visiting scholar at the Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics), discrepancies arise usually due to misreporting or giving false figures. She said discrepancies were usually higher in states with more corruption in MNREGA, lower awareness and weaker accountability systems.<br /><br /><strong><em>Why is MIS preferred in India?</em></strong><br /><br />MIS is preferred over paper-based Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs) since the latter could not be drilled down beyond the district level, which made it difficult to monitor Gram Panchayat-wise performance, issues and expenditure during 2006-07. MIS which provides real time online data can be used for the purpose of monitoring because of its reliability. It is assumed that MIS makes data transparent and available in the public domain to be equally accessed by all, thus ensuring Right to Information. In India the National Informatics Centre (NIC) has developed the MIS for National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The web-based MIS can be accessed from <a href="http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx" title="http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx">http://nrega.nic.in</a>. MIS places all critical parameters such as shelf of projects, sanctioned works, wage payments, number of days of employment provided and works under execution on line for easy public access. For FY 2011&ndash;12, more than 90 per cent of the total expenditure (as compared to MPRs) is available on MIS (including details of beneficiaries etc.).</div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div><p style="text-align:justify"><!--[if gte mso 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style="text-align:justify"><strong><em><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Sources:</span></em></strong></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Rural Development, GoI,</span></p><div style="text-align:justify"><!--[if gte mso 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style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt"><a href="https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf" title="https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf</a></span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></div><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">NREGA MIS Circular, <a href="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf" title="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf">http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt"><a href="http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12" title="http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12">http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Budget allocations, net of recoveries for MGNREGA, Notes on Demands for Grants 2012-13, <a href="http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf" title="http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf">http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">MGNREGA 2.0 LAUNCHED: NEW GUIDELINES, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-n<br />ew-guidelines-15082.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Five years of MG-NREGS, World&rsquo;s Largest Rural Job Scheme, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs<br />-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Maximum Dithering for Minimum Wages!, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-<br />minimum-wages-5575.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">What is wrong with MG-NREGA?, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-<br />nrega-4237.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">MGNREGA: Mixed success so far, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-<br />so-far-3513.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">The Biggest MNREGA Scam in Rajasthan, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-sca<br />m-in-rajasthan-1911.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p></div>               </font>
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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064c187406-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064c187406-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f064c187406-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064c187406-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064c187406-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064c187406-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064c187406-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f064c187406-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Unreliable MGNREGA data raise doubts &amp;amp; questions&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Two sets of government data on UPA government&amp;#39;s most famous flagship programme &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html&quot;&gt;Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA)&lt;/a&gt;, for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which experts say is indicative of the corruption in the scheme and weakness of social audit or accountability.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The government has increasingly relied on Management Information System (MIS) for monitoring NREGA at the Gram Panchayat (GP) level. However, the recently released Ministry of Rural Development report entitled MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012 points out the discrepancies in the data reported by Management Information System (MIS) and the National Sample Survey-NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010]. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;MIS NSS Nrega&quot; src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/NSS%20MIS%20Nrega.BMP&quot; style=&quot;height:593px; width:597px&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Table 6.4 titled &amp;quot;Difference in NSSO 66th Round and MIS/Monthly Progress Report Data&amp;quot; located at page 71 (see above) of the Sameeksha report reveals that&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and Monthly Progress Report-MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], percentage of rural households in India provided employment under MGNREGA stood at 25 percent whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 24 percent. The differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for states like Andhra Pradesh (MIS/MPR= 50; NSS= 35), Jharkhand (MIS/MPR= 44; NSS= 16), West Bengal (MIS/MPR= 26; NSS= 43) etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], average person days per household under MGNREGA in India stood at 54 days whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 37 days. Here too differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for the states.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Speaking on these differences, the Sameeksha report suggests that more national level survey-based studies are required to verify the authenticity of MIS data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Reetika Khera (from Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and a visiting scholar at the Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics), discrepancies arise usually due to misreporting or giving false figures. She said discrepancies were usually higher in states with more corruption in MNREGA, lower awareness and weaker accountability systems.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Why is MIS preferred in India?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MIS is preferred over paper-based Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs) since the latter could not be drilled down beyond the district level, which made it difficult to monitor Gram Panchayat-wise performance, issues and expenditure during 2006-07. MIS which provides real time online data can be used for the purpose of monitoring because of its reliability. It is assumed that MIS makes data transparent and available in the public domain to be equally accessed by all, thus ensuring Right to Information. In India the National Informatics Centre (NIC) has developed the MIS for National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The web-based MIS can be accessed from &lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in&lt;/a&gt;. MIS places all critical parameters such as shelf of projects, sanctioned works, wage payments, number of days of employment provided and works under execution on line for easy public access. For FY 2011&amp;ndash;12, more than 90 per cent of the total expenditure (as compared to MPRs) is available on MIS (including details of beneficiaries etc.).&lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Sources:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Rural Development, GoI,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;NREGA MIS Circular, &lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12&quot;&gt;http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Budget allocations, net of recoveries for MGNREGA, Notes on Demands for Grants 2012-13, &lt;a href=&quot;http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf&quot;&gt;http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA 2.0 LAUNCHED: NEW GUIDELINES, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Five years of MG-NREGS, World&amp;rsquo;s Largest Rural Job Scheme, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Maximum Dithering for Minimum Wages!, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;What is wrong with MG-NREGA?, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA: Mixed success so far, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;The Biggest MNREGA Scam in Rajasthan, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
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	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;Two sets of government data on UPA government&amp;#39;s most famous flagship programme Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Two sets of government data on UPA government&amp;#39;s most famous flagship programme &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html&quot;&gt;Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA)&lt;/a&gt;, for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which experts say is indicative of the corruption in the scheme and weakness of social audit or accountability.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The government has increasingly relied on Management Information System (MIS) for monitoring NREGA at the Gram Panchayat (GP) level. However, the recently released Ministry of Rural Development report entitled MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012 points out the discrepancies in the data reported by Management Information System (MIS) and the National Sample Survey-NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010]. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;MIS NSS Nrega&quot; src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/NSS%20MIS%20Nrega.BMP&quot; style=&quot;height:593px; width:597px&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Table 6.4 titled &amp;quot;Difference in NSSO 66th Round and MIS/Monthly Progress Report Data&amp;quot; located at page 71 (see above) of the Sameeksha report reveals that&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and Monthly Progress Report-MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], percentage of rural households in India provided employment under MGNREGA stood at 25 percent whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 24 percent. The differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for states like Andhra Pradesh (MIS/MPR= 50; NSS= 35), Jharkhand (MIS/MPR= 44; NSS= 16), West Bengal (MIS/MPR= 26; NSS= 43) etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], average person days per household under MGNREGA in India stood at 54 days whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 37 days. Here too differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for the states.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Speaking on these differences, the Sameeksha report suggests that more national level survey-based studies are required to verify the authenticity of MIS data.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Reetika Khera (from Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and a visiting scholar at the Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics), discrepancies arise usually due to misreporting or giving false figures. She said discrepancies were usually higher in states with more corruption in MNREGA, lower awareness and weaker accountability systems.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Why is MIS preferred in India?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MIS is preferred over paper-based Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs) since the latter could not be drilled down beyond the district level, which made it difficult to monitor Gram Panchayat-wise performance, issues and expenditure during 2006-07. MIS which provides real time online data can be used for the purpose of monitoring because of its reliability. It is assumed that MIS makes data transparent and available in the public domain to be equally accessed by all, thus ensuring Right to Information. In India the National Informatics Centre (NIC) has developed the MIS for National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The web-based MIS can be accessed from &lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx&quot; title=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in&lt;/a&gt;. MIS places all critical parameters such as shelf of projects, sanctioned works, wage payments, number of days of employment provided and works under execution on line for easy public access. For FY 2011&amp;ndash;12, more than 90 per cent of the total expenditure (as compared to MPRs) is available on MIS (including details of beneficiaries etc.).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;&lt;w:WordDocument&gt;&lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;&lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;&lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;&lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;&lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;&lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;&lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;&lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;&lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;&lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;EN-US&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;HI&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;&lt;w:Compatibility&gt;&lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;&lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;&lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;&lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;&lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;&lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;&lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;&lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;&lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;&lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;&lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;&lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;&lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;&lt;m:mathPr&gt;&lt;m:mathFont m:val=&quot;Cambria Math&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:brkBin m:val=&quot;before&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&quot;--&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:smallFrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:dispDef/&gt;&lt;m:lMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:rMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:defJc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:intLim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:naryLim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;/&gt;&lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;&lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; 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Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;&lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;&lt;style&gt;/* Style Definitions */table.MsoNormalTable{mso-style-name:&quot; &quot;;mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;mso-para-margin:0in;mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}&lt;/style&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Sources:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Rural Development, GoI,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;&lt;w:WordDocument&gt;&lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;&lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;&lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;&lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;&lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;&lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;&lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;&lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;&lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;&lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;EN-US&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;HI&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;&lt;w:Compatibility&gt;&lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;&lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;&lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;&lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;&lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;&lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;&lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;&lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;&lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;&lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;&lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;&lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;&lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;&lt;m:mathPr&gt;&lt;m:mathFont m:val=&quot;Cambria Math&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:brkBin m:val=&quot;before&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&quot;--&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:smallFrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:dispDef/&gt;&lt;m:lMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:rMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:defJc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:intLim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:naryLim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;/&gt;&lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;&lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;DefSemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; DefQFormat=&quot;false&quot; DefPriority=&quot;99&quot;LatentStyleCount=&quot;267&quot;&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;0&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Normal&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 7&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 8&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 9&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 7&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 8&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 9&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;35&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;caption&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;10&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Title&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; Name=&quot;Default Paragraph Font&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;11&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtitle&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;22&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Strong&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;20&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;59&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; 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Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;&lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;&lt;style&gt;/* Style Definitions */table.MsoNormalTable{mso-style-name:&quot; &quot;;mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;mso-para-margin:0in;mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}&lt;/style&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;NREGA MIS Circular, &lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; 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	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16660,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Unreliable MGNREGA data raise doubts &amp;amp; questions&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Two sets of government data on UPA government&amp;#39;s most famous flagship programme &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html&quot;&gt;Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA)&lt;/a&gt;, for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which experts say is indicative of the corruption in the scheme and weakness of social audit or accountability.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The government has increasingly relied on Management Information System (MIS) for monitoring NREGA at the Gram Panchayat (GP) level. However, the recently released Ministry of Rural Development report entitled MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012 points out the discrepancies in the data reported by Management Information System (MIS) and the National Sample Survey-NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010]. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;MIS NSS Nrega&quot; src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/NSS%20MIS%20Nrega.BMP&quot; style=&quot;height:593px; width:597px&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Table 6.4 titled &amp;quot;Difference in NSSO 66th Round and MIS/Monthly Progress Report Data&amp;quot; located at page 71 (see above) of the Sameeksha report reveals that&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and Monthly Progress Report-MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], percentage of rural households in India provided employment under MGNREGA stood at 25 percent whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 24 percent. The differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for states like Andhra Pradesh (MIS/MPR= 50; NSS= 35), Jharkhand (MIS/MPR= 44; NSS= 16), West Bengal (MIS/MPR= 26; NSS= 43) etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], average person days per household under MGNREGA in India stood at 54 days whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 37 days. Here too differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for the states.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Speaking on these differences, the Sameeksha report suggests that more national level survey-based studies are required to verify the authenticity of MIS data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Reetika Khera (from Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and a visiting scholar at the Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics), discrepancies arise usually due to misreporting or giving false figures. She said discrepancies were usually higher in states with more corruption in MNREGA, lower awareness and weaker accountability systems.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Why is MIS preferred in India?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MIS is preferred over paper-based Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs) since the latter could not be drilled down beyond the district level, which made it difficult to monitor Gram Panchayat-wise performance, issues and expenditure during 2006-07. MIS which provides real time online data can be used for the purpose of monitoring because of its reliability. It is assumed that MIS makes data transparent and available in the public domain to be equally accessed by all, thus ensuring Right to Information. In India the National Informatics Centre (NIC) has developed the MIS for National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The web-based MIS can be accessed from &lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in&lt;/a&gt;. MIS places all critical parameters such as shelf of projects, sanctioned works, wage payments, number of days of employment provided and works under execution on line for easy public access. For FY 2011&amp;ndash;12, more than 90 per cent of the total expenditure (as compared to MPRs) is available on MIS (including details of beneficiaries etc.).&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Sources:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Rural Development, GoI,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

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$articleid = (int) 16660
$metaTitle = &#039;NEWS ALERTS | Unreliable MGNREGA data raise doubts &amp;amp; questions&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Corruption,NREGA,NREGS&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;Two sets of government data on UPA government&amp;#39;s most famous flagship programme Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Two sets of government data on UPA government&amp;#39;s most famous flagship programme &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html&quot;&gt;Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA)&lt;/a&gt;, for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which experts say is indicative of the corruption in the scheme and weakness of social audit or accountability.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The government has increasingly relied on Management Information System (MIS) for monitoring NREGA at the Gram Panchayat (GP) level. However, the recently released Ministry of Rural Development report entitled MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012 points out the discrepancies in the data reported by Management Information System (MIS) and the National Sample Survey-NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010]. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;MIS NSS Nrega&quot; src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/NSS%20MIS%20Nrega.BMP&quot; style=&quot;height:593px; width:597px&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Table 6.4 titled &amp;quot;Difference in NSSO 66th Round and MIS/Monthly Progress Report Data&amp;quot; located at page 71 (see above) of the Sameeksha report reveals that&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and Monthly Progress Report-MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], percentage of rural households in India provided employment under MGNREGA stood at 25 percent whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 24 percent. The differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for states like Andhra Pradesh (MIS/MPR= 50; NSS= 35), Jharkhand (MIS/MPR= 44; NSS= 16), West Bengal (MIS/MPR= 26; NSS= 43) etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], average person days per household under MGNREGA in India stood at 54 days whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 37 days. Here too differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for the states.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Speaking on these differences, the Sameeksha report suggests that more national level survey-based studies are required to verify the authenticity of MIS data.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Reetika Khera (from Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and a visiting scholar at the Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics), discrepancies arise usually due to misreporting or giving false figures. She said discrepancies were usually higher in states with more corruption in MNREGA, lower awareness and weaker accountability systems.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Why is MIS preferred in India?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MIS is preferred over paper-based Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs) since the latter could not be drilled down beyond the district level, which made it difficult to monitor Gram Panchayat-wise performance, issues and expenditure during 2006-07. MIS which provides real time online data can be used for the purpose of monitoring because of its reliability. It is assumed that MIS makes data transparent and available in the public domain to be equally accessed by all, thus ensuring Right to Information. In India the National Informatics Centre (NIC) has developed the MIS for National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The web-based MIS can be accessed from &lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx&quot; title=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in&lt;/a&gt;. MIS places all critical parameters such as shelf of projects, sanctioned works, wage payments, number of days of employment provided and works under execution on line for easy public access. 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Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;&lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;&lt;style&gt;/* Style Definitions */table.MsoNormalTable{mso-style-name:&quot; &quot;;mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;mso-para-margin:0in;mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}&lt;/style&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Sources:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Rural Development, GoI,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;&lt;w:WordDocument&gt;&lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;&lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;&lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;&lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;&lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;&lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;&lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;&lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;&lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;&lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;EN-US&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;HI&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;&lt;w:Compatibility&gt;&lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;&lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;&lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;&lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;&lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;&lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;&lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;&lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;&lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;&lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;&lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;&lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;&lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;&lt;m:mathPr&gt;&lt;m:mathFont m:val=&quot;Cambria Math&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:brkBin m:val=&quot;before&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&quot;--&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:smallFrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:dispDef/&gt;&lt;m:lMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:rMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:defJc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:intLim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:naryLim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;/&gt;&lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;&lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;DefSemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; DefQFormat=&quot;false&quot; DefPriority=&quot;99&quot;LatentStyleCount=&quot;267&quot;&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;0&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Normal&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 7&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 8&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 9&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 7&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 8&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 9&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;35&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;caption&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;10&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Title&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; Name=&quot;Default Paragraph Font&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;11&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtitle&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;22&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Strong&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;20&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;59&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;&lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;&lt;style&gt;/* Style Definitions */table.MsoNormalTable{mso-style-name:&quot; &quot;;mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;mso-para-margin:0in;mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}&lt;/style&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;NREGA MIS Circular, &lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12&quot; title=&quot;http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12&quot;&gt;http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Budget allocations, net of recoveries for MGNREGA, Notes on Demands for Grants 2012-13, &lt;a href=&quot;http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf&quot;&gt;http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA 2.0 LAUNCHED: NEW GUIDELINES, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-n&lt;br /&gt;ew-guidelines-15082.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Five years of MG-NREGS, World&amp;rsquo;s Largest Rural Job Scheme, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html&quot; 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                <strong>Unreliable MGNREGA data raise doubts &amp; questions</strong></h1>
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                <div style="text-align:justify">Two sets of government data on UPA government&#39;s most famous flagship programme <a href="https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html">Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA)</a>, for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which experts say is indicative of the corruption in the scheme and weakness of social audit or accountability.<br /><br />The government has increasingly relied on Management Information System (MIS) for monitoring NREGA at the Gram Panchayat (GP) level. However, the recently released Ministry of Rural Development report entitled MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012 points out the discrepancies in the data reported by Management Information System (MIS) and the National Sample Survey-NSS data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010]. &nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify"><br /><img alt="MIS NSS Nrega" src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/NSS%20MIS%20Nrega.BMP" style="height:593px; width:597px" /><br /><br />Table 6.4 titled &quot;Difference in NSSO 66th Round and MIS/Monthly Progress Report Data&quot; located at page 71 (see above) of the Sameeksha report reveals that<br /><br />&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As per the MIS and Monthly Progress Report-MPR data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010], percentage of rural households in India provided employment under MGNREGA stood at 25 percent whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010] was 24 percent. The differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for states like Andhra Pradesh (MIS/MPR= 50; NSS= 35), Jharkhand (MIS/MPR= 44; NSS= 16), West Bengal (MIS/MPR= 26; NSS= 43) etc.<br /><br />&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As per the MIS and MPR data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010], average person days per household under MGNREGA in India stood at 54 days whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010] was 37 days. Here too differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for the states.<br /><br />Speaking on these differences, the Sameeksha report suggests that more national level survey-based studies are required to verify the authenticity of MIS data.<br /><br />According to Reetika Khera (from Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and a visiting scholar at the Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics), discrepancies arise usually due to misreporting or giving false figures. She said discrepancies were usually higher in states with more corruption in MNREGA, lower awareness and weaker accountability systems.<br /><br /><strong><em>Why is MIS preferred in India?</em></strong><br /><br />MIS is preferred over paper-based Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs) since the latter could not be drilled down beyond the district level, which made it difficult to monitor Gram Panchayat-wise performance, issues and expenditure during 2006-07. MIS which provides real time online data can be used for the purpose of monitoring because of its reliability. It is assumed that MIS makes data transparent and available in the public domain to be equally accessed by all, thus ensuring Right to Information. In India the National Informatics Centre (NIC) has developed the MIS for National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The web-based MIS can be accessed from <a href="http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx" title="http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx">http://nrega.nic.in</a>. MIS places all critical parameters such as shelf of projects, sanctioned works, wage payments, number of days of employment provided and works under execution on line for easy public access. For FY 2011&ndash;12, more than 90 per cent of the total expenditure (as compared to MPRs) is available on MIS (including details of beneficiaries etc.).</div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div><p style="text-align:justify"><!--[if gte mso 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style="text-align:justify"><strong><em><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Sources:</span></em></strong></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Rural Development, GoI,</span></p><div style="text-align:justify"><!--[if gte mso 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style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt"><a href="https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf" title="https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf</a></span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></div><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">NREGA MIS Circular, <a href="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf" title="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf">http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt"><a href="http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12" title="http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12">http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Budget allocations, net of recoveries for MGNREGA, Notes on Demands for Grants 2012-13, <a href="http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf" title="http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf">http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">MGNREGA 2.0 LAUNCHED: NEW GUIDELINES, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-n<br />ew-guidelines-15082.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Five years of MG-NREGS, World&rsquo;s Largest Rural Job Scheme, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs<br />-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Maximum Dithering for Minimum Wages!, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-<br />minimum-wages-5575.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">What is wrong with MG-NREGA?, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-<br />nrega-4237.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">MGNREGA: Mixed success so far, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-<br />so-far-3513.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">The Biggest MNREGA Scam in Rajasthan, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-sca<br />m-in-rajasthan-1911.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p></div>               </font>
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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064c187406-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064c187406-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f064c187406-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064c187406-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064c187406-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064c187406-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064c187406-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f064c187406-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16660,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Unreliable MGNREGA data raise doubts &amp;amp; questions&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Two sets of government data on UPA government&amp;#39;s most famous flagship programme &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html&quot;&gt;Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA)&lt;/a&gt;, for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which experts say is indicative of the corruption in the scheme and weakness of social audit or accountability.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The government has increasingly relied on Management Information System (MIS) for monitoring NREGA at the Gram Panchayat (GP) level. However, the recently released Ministry of Rural Development report entitled MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012 points out the discrepancies in the data reported by Management Information System (MIS) and the National Sample Survey-NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010]. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;MIS NSS Nrega&quot; src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/NSS%20MIS%20Nrega.BMP&quot; style=&quot;height:593px; width:597px&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Table 6.4 titled &amp;quot;Difference in NSSO 66th Round and MIS/Monthly Progress Report Data&amp;quot; located at page 71 (see above) of the Sameeksha report reveals that&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and Monthly Progress Report-MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], percentage of rural households in India provided employment under MGNREGA stood at 25 percent whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 24 percent. The differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for states like Andhra Pradesh (MIS/MPR= 50; NSS= 35), Jharkhand (MIS/MPR= 44; NSS= 16), West Bengal (MIS/MPR= 26; NSS= 43) etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], average person days per household under MGNREGA in India stood at 54 days whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 37 days. Here too differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for the states.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Speaking on these differences, the Sameeksha report suggests that more national level survey-based studies are required to verify the authenticity of MIS data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Reetika Khera (from Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and a visiting scholar at the Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics), discrepancies arise usually due to misreporting or giving false figures. She said discrepancies were usually higher in states with more corruption in MNREGA, lower awareness and weaker accountability systems.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Why is MIS preferred in India?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MIS is preferred over paper-based Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs) since the latter could not be drilled down beyond the district level, which made it difficult to monitor Gram Panchayat-wise performance, issues and expenditure during 2006-07. MIS which provides real time online data can be used for the purpose of monitoring because of its reliability. It is assumed that MIS makes data transparent and available in the public domain to be equally accessed by all, thus ensuring Right to Information. In India the National Informatics Centre (NIC) has developed the MIS for National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The web-based MIS can be accessed from &lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in&lt;/a&gt;. MIS places all critical parameters such as shelf of projects, sanctioned works, wage payments, number of days of employment provided and works under execution on line for easy public access. For FY 2011&amp;ndash;12, more than 90 per cent of the total expenditure (as compared to MPRs) is available on MIS (including details of beneficiaries etc.).&lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Sources:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Rural Development, GoI,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;NREGA MIS Circular, &lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12&quot;&gt;http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Budget allocations, net of recoveries for MGNREGA, Notes on Demands for Grants 2012-13, &lt;a href=&quot;http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf&quot;&gt;http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA 2.0 LAUNCHED: NEW GUIDELINES, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Five years of MG-NREGS, World&amp;rsquo;s Largest Rural Job Scheme, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Maximum Dithering for Minimum Wages!, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;What is wrong with MG-NREGA?, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA: Mixed success so far, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;The Biggest MNREGA Scam in Rajasthan, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
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	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;Two sets of government data on UPA government&amp;#39;s most famous flagship programme Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Two sets of government data on UPA government&amp;#39;s most famous flagship programme &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html&quot;&gt;Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA)&lt;/a&gt;, for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which experts say is indicative of the corruption in the scheme and weakness of social audit or accountability.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The government has increasingly relied on Management Information System (MIS) for monitoring NREGA at the Gram Panchayat (GP) level. However, the recently released Ministry of Rural Development report entitled MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012 points out the discrepancies in the data reported by Management Information System (MIS) and the National Sample Survey-NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010]. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;MIS NSS Nrega&quot; src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/NSS%20MIS%20Nrega.BMP&quot; style=&quot;height:593px; width:597px&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Table 6.4 titled &amp;quot;Difference in NSSO 66th Round and MIS/Monthly Progress Report Data&amp;quot; located at page 71 (see above) of the Sameeksha report reveals that&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and Monthly Progress Report-MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], percentage of rural households in India provided employment under MGNREGA stood at 25 percent whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 24 percent. The differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for states like Andhra Pradesh (MIS/MPR= 50; NSS= 35), Jharkhand (MIS/MPR= 44; NSS= 16), West Bengal (MIS/MPR= 26; NSS= 43) etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], average person days per household under MGNREGA in India stood at 54 days whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 37 days. Here too differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for the states.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Speaking on these differences, the Sameeksha report suggests that more national level survey-based studies are required to verify the authenticity of MIS data.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Reetika Khera (from Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and a visiting scholar at the Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics), discrepancies arise usually due to misreporting or giving false figures. She said discrepancies were usually higher in states with more corruption in MNREGA, lower awareness and weaker accountability systems.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Why is MIS preferred in India?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MIS is preferred over paper-based Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs) since the latter could not be drilled down beyond the district level, which made it difficult to monitor Gram Panchayat-wise performance, issues and expenditure during 2006-07. MIS which provides real time online data can be used for the purpose of monitoring because of its reliability. It is assumed that MIS makes data transparent and available in the public domain to be equally accessed by all, thus ensuring Right to Information. In India the National Informatics Centre (NIC) has developed the MIS for National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The web-based MIS can be accessed from &lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx&quot; title=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in&lt;/a&gt;. MIS places all critical parameters such as shelf of projects, sanctioned works, wage payments, number of days of employment provided and works under execution on line for easy public access. 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Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;&lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;&lt;style&gt;/* Style Definitions */table.MsoNormalTable{mso-style-name:&quot; &quot;;mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;mso-para-margin:0in;mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}&lt;/style&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Sources:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Rural Development, GoI,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;&lt;w:WordDocument&gt;&lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;&lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;&lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;&lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;&lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;&lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;&lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;&lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;&lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;&lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;EN-US&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;HI&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;&lt;w:Compatibility&gt;&lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;&lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;&lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;&lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;&lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;&lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;&lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;&lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;&lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;&lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;&lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;&lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;&lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;&lt;m:mathPr&gt;&lt;m:mathFont m:val=&quot;Cambria Math&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:brkBin m:val=&quot;before&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&quot;--&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:smallFrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:dispDef/&gt;&lt;m:lMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:rMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:defJc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:intLim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:naryLim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;/&gt;&lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;&lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;DefSemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; DefQFormat=&quot;false&quot; DefPriority=&quot;99&quot;LatentStyleCount=&quot;267&quot;&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;0&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Normal&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 7&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 8&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 9&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 7&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 8&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 9&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;35&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;caption&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;10&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Title&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; Name=&quot;Default Paragraph Font&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;11&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtitle&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;22&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Strong&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;20&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;59&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; 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font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;NREGA MIS Circular, &lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; 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	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16660,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Unreliable MGNREGA data raise doubts &amp;amp; questions&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Two sets of government data on UPA government&amp;#39;s most famous flagship programme &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html&quot;&gt;Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA)&lt;/a&gt;, for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which experts say is indicative of the corruption in the scheme and weakness of social audit or accountability.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The government has increasingly relied on Management Information System (MIS) for monitoring NREGA at the Gram Panchayat (GP) level. However, the recently released Ministry of Rural Development report entitled MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012 points out the discrepancies in the data reported by Management Information System (MIS) and the National Sample Survey-NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010]. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;MIS NSS Nrega&quot; src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/NSS%20MIS%20Nrega.BMP&quot; style=&quot;height:593px; width:597px&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Table 6.4 titled &amp;quot;Difference in NSSO 66th Round and MIS/Monthly Progress Report Data&amp;quot; located at page 71 (see above) of the Sameeksha report reveals that&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and Monthly Progress Report-MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], percentage of rural households in India provided employment under MGNREGA stood at 25 percent whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 24 percent. The differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for states like Andhra Pradesh (MIS/MPR= 50; NSS= 35), Jharkhand (MIS/MPR= 44; NSS= 16), West Bengal (MIS/MPR= 26; NSS= 43) etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], average person days per household under MGNREGA in India stood at 54 days whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 37 days. Here too differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for the states.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Speaking on these differences, the Sameeksha report suggests that more national level survey-based studies are required to verify the authenticity of MIS data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Reetika Khera (from Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and a visiting scholar at the Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics), discrepancies arise usually due to misreporting or giving false figures. She said discrepancies were usually higher in states with more corruption in MNREGA, lower awareness and weaker accountability systems.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Why is MIS preferred in India?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MIS is preferred over paper-based Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs) since the latter could not be drilled down beyond the district level, which made it difficult to monitor Gram Panchayat-wise performance, issues and expenditure during 2006-07. MIS which provides real time online data can be used for the purpose of monitoring because of its reliability. It is assumed that MIS makes data transparent and available in the public domain to be equally accessed by all, thus ensuring Right to Information. In India the National Informatics Centre (NIC) has developed the MIS for National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The web-based MIS can be accessed from &lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in&lt;/a&gt;. MIS places all critical parameters such as shelf of projects, sanctioned works, wage payments, number of days of employment provided and works under execution on line for easy public access. For FY 2011&amp;ndash;12, more than 90 per cent of the total expenditure (as compared to MPRs) is available on MIS (including details of beneficiaries etc.).&lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Sources:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Rural Development, GoI,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;NREGA MIS Circular, &lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12&quot;&gt;http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Budget allocations, net of recoveries for MGNREGA, Notes on Demands for Grants 2012-13, &lt;a href=&quot;http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf&quot;&gt;http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA 2.0 LAUNCHED: NEW GUIDELINES, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Five years of MG-NREGS, World&amp;rsquo;s Largest Rural Job Scheme, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Maximum Dithering for Minimum Wages!, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;What is wrong with MG-NREGA?, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA: Mixed success so far, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;The Biggest MNREGA Scam in Rajasthan, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
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$metaTitle = &#039;NEWS ALERTS | Unreliable MGNREGA data raise doubts &amp;amp; questions&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Corruption,NREGA,NREGS&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;Two sets of government data on UPA government&amp;#39;s most famous flagship programme Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Two sets of government data on UPA government&amp;#39;s most famous flagship programme &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html&quot;&gt;Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA)&lt;/a&gt;, for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which experts say is indicative of the corruption in the scheme and weakness of social audit or accountability.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The government has increasingly relied on Management Information System (MIS) for monitoring NREGA at the Gram Panchayat (GP) level. However, the recently released Ministry of Rural Development report entitled MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012 points out the discrepancies in the data reported by Management Information System (MIS) and the National Sample Survey-NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010]. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;MIS NSS Nrega&quot; src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/NSS%20MIS%20Nrega.BMP&quot; style=&quot;height:593px; width:597px&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Table 6.4 titled &amp;quot;Difference in NSSO 66th Round and MIS/Monthly Progress Report Data&amp;quot; located at page 71 (see above) of the Sameeksha report reveals that&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and Monthly Progress Report-MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], percentage of rural households in India provided employment under MGNREGA stood at 25 percent whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 24 percent. The differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for states like Andhra Pradesh (MIS/MPR= 50; NSS= 35), Jharkhand (MIS/MPR= 44; NSS= 16), West Bengal (MIS/MPR= 26; NSS= 43) etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As per the MIS and MPR data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010], average person days per household under MGNREGA in India stood at 54 days whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&amp;ndash;June 2010] was 37 days. Here too differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for the states.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Speaking on these differences, the Sameeksha report suggests that more national level survey-based studies are required to verify the authenticity of MIS data.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Reetika Khera (from Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and a visiting scholar at the Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics), discrepancies arise usually due to misreporting or giving false figures. She said discrepancies were usually higher in states with more corruption in MNREGA, lower awareness and weaker accountability systems.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Why is MIS preferred in India?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MIS is preferred over paper-based Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs) since the latter could not be drilled down beyond the district level, which made it difficult to monitor Gram Panchayat-wise performance, issues and expenditure during 2006-07. MIS which provides real time online data can be used for the purpose of monitoring because of its reliability. It is assumed that MIS makes data transparent and available in the public domain to be equally accessed by all, thus ensuring Right to Information. In India the National Informatics Centre (NIC) has developed the MIS for National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The web-based MIS can be accessed from &lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx&quot; title=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in&lt;/a&gt;. MIS places all critical parameters such as shelf of projects, sanctioned works, wage payments, number of days of employment provided and works under execution on line for easy public access. For FY 2011&amp;ndash;12, more than 90 per cent of the total expenditure (as compared to MPRs) is available on MIS (including details of beneficiaries etc.).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;&lt;w:WordDocument&gt;&lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;&lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;&lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;&lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;&lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;&lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;&lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;&lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;&lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;&lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;EN-US&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;HI&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;&lt;w:Compatibility&gt;&lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;&lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;&lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;&lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;&lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;&lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;&lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;&lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;&lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;&lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;&lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;&lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;&lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;&lt;m:mathPr&gt;&lt;m:mathFont m:val=&quot;Cambria Math&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:brkBin m:val=&quot;before&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&quot;--&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:smallFrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:dispDef/&gt;&lt;m:lMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:rMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:defJc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:intLim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:naryLim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;/&gt;&lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;&lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;DefSemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; DefQFormat=&quot;false&quot; DefPriority=&quot;99&quot;LatentStyleCount=&quot;267&quot;&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;0&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Normal&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 7&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 8&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 9&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 7&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 8&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 9&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;35&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;caption&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;10&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Title&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; Name=&quot;Default Paragraph Font&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;11&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtitle&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;22&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Strong&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;20&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;59&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;&lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;&lt;style&gt;/* Style Definitions */table.MsoNormalTable{mso-style-name:&quot; &quot;;mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;mso-para-margin:0in;mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}&lt;/style&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Sources:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Rural Development, GoI,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;&lt;w:WordDocument&gt;&lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;&lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;&lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;&lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;&lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;&lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;&lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;&lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;&lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;&lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;EN-US&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;&lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;HI&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;&lt;w:Compatibility&gt;&lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;&lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;&lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;&lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;&lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;&lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;&lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;&lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;&lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;&lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;&lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;&lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;&lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;&lt;m:mathPr&gt;&lt;m:mathFont m:val=&quot;Cambria Math&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:brkBin m:val=&quot;before&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&quot;--&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:smallFrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:dispDef/&gt;&lt;m:lMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:rMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:defJc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:intLim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;/&gt;&lt;m:naryLim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;/&gt;&lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;&lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;DefSemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; DefQFormat=&quot;false&quot; DefPriority=&quot;99&quot;LatentStyleCount=&quot;267&quot;&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;0&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Normal&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 7&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 8&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 9&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 4&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 7&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 8&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 9&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;35&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;caption&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;10&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Title&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; Name=&quot;Default Paragraph Font&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;11&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtitle&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;22&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Strong&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;20&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;59&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; 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Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;&lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;&lt;style&gt;/* Style Definitions */table.MsoNormalTable{mso-style-name:&quot; &quot;;mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;mso-para-margin:0in;mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}&lt;/style&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;NREGA MIS Circular, &lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12&quot; title=&quot;http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12&quot;&gt;http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Budget allocations, net of recoveries for MGNREGA, Notes on Demands for Grants 2012-13, &lt;a href=&quot;http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf&quot;&gt;http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA 2.0 LAUNCHED: NEW GUIDELINES, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-n&lt;br /&gt;ew-guidelines-15082.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Five years of MG-NREGS, World&amp;rsquo;s Largest Rural Job Scheme, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs&lt;br /&gt;-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;Maximum Dithering for Minimum Wages!, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-&lt;br /&gt;minimum-wages-5575.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;What is wrong with MG-NREGA?, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-&lt;br /&gt;nrega-4237.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;MGNREGA: Mixed success so far, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-&lt;br /&gt;so-far-3513.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;,&#039;sans-serif&#039;; font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;The Biggest MNREGA Scam in Rajasthan, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-sca&lt;br /&gt;m-in-rajasthan-1911.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
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                <strong>Unreliable MGNREGA data raise doubts &amp; questions</strong></h1>
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                <div style="text-align:justify">Two sets of government data on UPA government&#39;s most famous flagship programme <a href="https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html">Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA)</a>, for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which experts say is indicative of the corruption in the scheme and weakness of social audit or accountability.<br /><br />The government has increasingly relied on Management Information System (MIS) for monitoring NREGA at the Gram Panchayat (GP) level. However, the recently released Ministry of Rural Development report entitled MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012 points out the discrepancies in the data reported by Management Information System (MIS) and the National Sample Survey-NSS data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010]. &nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify"><br /><img alt="MIS NSS Nrega" src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/NSS%20MIS%20Nrega.BMP" style="height:593px; width:597px" /><br /><br />Table 6.4 titled &quot;Difference in NSSO 66th Round and MIS/Monthly Progress Report Data&quot; located at page 71 (see above) of the Sameeksha report reveals that<br /><br />&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As per the MIS and Monthly Progress Report-MPR data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010], percentage of rural households in India provided employment under MGNREGA stood at 25 percent whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010] was 24 percent. The differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for states like Andhra Pradesh (MIS/MPR= 50; NSS= 35), Jharkhand (MIS/MPR= 44; NSS= 16), West Bengal (MIS/MPR= 26; NSS= 43) etc.<br /><br />&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As per the MIS and MPR data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010], average person days per household under MGNREGA in India stood at 54 days whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010] was 37 days. Here too differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for the states.<br /><br />Speaking on these differences, the Sameeksha report suggests that more national level survey-based studies are required to verify the authenticity of MIS data.<br /><br />According to Reetika Khera (from Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and a visiting scholar at the Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics), discrepancies arise usually due to misreporting or giving false figures. She said discrepancies were usually higher in states with more corruption in MNREGA, lower awareness and weaker accountability systems.<br /><br /><strong><em>Why is MIS preferred in India?</em></strong><br /><br />MIS is preferred over paper-based Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs) since the latter could not be drilled down beyond the district level, which made it difficult to monitor Gram Panchayat-wise performance, issues and expenditure during 2006-07. MIS which provides real time online data can be used for the purpose of monitoring because of its reliability. It is assumed that MIS makes data transparent and available in the public domain to be equally accessed by all, thus ensuring Right to Information. In India the National Informatics Centre (NIC) has developed the MIS for National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The web-based MIS can be accessed from <a href="http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx" title="http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx">http://nrega.nic.in</a>. MIS places all critical parameters such as shelf of projects, sanctioned works, wage payments, number of days of employment provided and works under execution on line for easy public access. For FY 2011&ndash;12, more than 90 per cent of the total expenditure (as compared to MPRs) is available on MIS (including details of beneficiaries etc.).</div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div><p style="text-align:justify"><!--[if gte mso 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style="text-align:justify"><strong><em><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Sources:</span></em></strong></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Rural Development, GoI,</span></p><div style="text-align:justify"><!--[if gte mso 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style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt"><a href="https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf" title="https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf</a></span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></div><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">NREGA MIS Circular, <a href="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf" title="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf">http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt"><a href="http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12" title="http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12">http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Budget allocations, net of recoveries for MGNREGA, Notes on Demands for Grants 2012-13, <a href="http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf" title="http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf">http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">MGNREGA 2.0 LAUNCHED: NEW GUIDELINES, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-n<br />ew-guidelines-15082.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Five years of MG-NREGS, World&rsquo;s Largest Rural Job Scheme, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs<br />-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Maximum Dithering for Minimum Wages!, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-<br />minimum-wages-5575.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">What is wrong with MG-NREGA?, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-<br />nrega-4237.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">MGNREGA: Mixed success so far, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-<br />so-far-3513.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">The Biggest MNREGA Scam in Rajasthan, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-sca<br />m-in-rajasthan-1911.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p></div>               </font>
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		'title' => 'Unreliable MGNREGA data raise doubts & questions',
		'subheading' => '',
		'description' => '<div style="text-align:justify">Two sets of government data on UPA government&#39;s most famous flagship programme <a href="https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html">Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA)</a>, for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which experts say is indicative of the corruption in the scheme and weakness of social audit or accountability.<br />
<br />
The government has increasingly relied on Management Information System (MIS) for monitoring NREGA at the Gram Panchayat (GP) level. However, the recently released Ministry of Rural Development report entitled MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012 points out the discrepancies in the data reported by Management Information System (MIS) and the National Sample Survey-NSS data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010]. &nbsp;</div>

<div style="text-align:justify"><br />
<img alt="MIS NSS Nrega" src="tinymce/uploaded/NSS%20MIS%20Nrega.BMP" style="height:593px; width:597px" /><br />
<br />
Table 6.4 titled &quot;Difference in NSSO 66th Round and MIS/Monthly Progress Report Data&quot; located at page 71 (see above) of the Sameeksha report reveals that<br />
<br />
&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As per the MIS and Monthly Progress Report-MPR data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010], percentage of rural households in India provided employment under MGNREGA stood at 25 percent whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010] was 24 percent. The differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for states like Andhra Pradesh (MIS/MPR= 50; NSS= 35), Jharkhand (MIS/MPR= 44; NSS= 16), West Bengal (MIS/MPR= 26; NSS= 43) etc.<br />
<br />
&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As per the MIS and MPR data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010], average person days per household under MGNREGA in India stood at 54 days whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010] was 37 days. Here too differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for the states.<br />
<br />
Speaking on these differences, the Sameeksha report suggests that more national level survey-based studies are required to verify the authenticity of MIS data.<br />
<br />
According to Reetika Khera (from Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and a visiting scholar at the Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics), discrepancies arise usually due to misreporting or giving false figures. She said discrepancies were usually higher in states with more corruption in MNREGA, lower awareness and weaker accountability systems.<br />
<br />
<strong><em>Why is MIS preferred in India?</em></strong><br />
<br />
MIS is preferred over paper-based Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs) since the latter could not be drilled down beyond the district level, which made it difficult to monitor Gram Panchayat-wise performance, issues and expenditure during 2006-07. MIS which provides real time online data can be used for the purpose of monitoring because of its reliability. It is assumed that MIS makes data transparent and available in the public domain to be equally accessed by all, thus ensuring Right to Information. In India the National Informatics Centre (NIC) has developed the MIS for National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The web-based MIS can be accessed from <a href="http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx">http://nrega.nic.in</a>. MIS places all critical parameters such as shelf of projects, sanctioned works, wage payments, number of days of employment provided and works under execution on line for easy public access. For FY 2011&ndash;12, more than 90 per cent of the total expenditure (as compared to MPRs) is available on MIS (including details of beneficiaries etc.).</div>

<div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div>

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<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><em><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Sources:</span></em></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Rural Development, GoI,</span></p>

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<![endif]--><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt"><a href="https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf</a></span></div>

<div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></div>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">NREGA MIS Circular, <a href="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf">http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf</a> </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt"><a href="http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12">http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12</a> </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Budget allocations, net of recoveries for MGNREGA, Notes on Demands for Grants 2012-13, <a href="http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf">http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf</a> </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">MGNREGA 2.0 LAUNCHED: NEW GUIDELINES, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html</a> </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Five years of MG-NREGS, World&rsquo;s Largest Rural Job Scheme, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html</a> </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Maximum Dithering for Minimum Wages!, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html</a> </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">What is wrong with MG-NREGA?, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html</a> </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">MGNREGA: Mixed success so far, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html</a> </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">The Biggest MNREGA Scam in Rajasthan, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html</a> </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>
</div>
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	'metaTitle' => 'NEWS ALERTS | Unreliable MGNREGA data raise doubts &amp; questions',
	'metaKeywords' => 'Corruption,NREGA,NREGS',
	'metaDesc' => 'Two sets of government data on UPA government&#39;s most famous flagship programme Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which...',
	'disp' => '<div style="text-align:justify">Two sets of government data on UPA government&#39;s most famous flagship programme <a href="https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html">Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA)</a>, for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which experts say is indicative of the corruption in the scheme and weakness of social audit or accountability.<br /><br />The government has increasingly relied on Management Information System (MIS) for monitoring NREGA at the Gram Panchayat (GP) level. However, the recently released Ministry of Rural Development report entitled MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012 points out the discrepancies in the data reported by Management Information System (MIS) and the National Sample Survey-NSS data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010]. &nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify"><br /><img alt="MIS NSS Nrega" src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/NSS%20MIS%20Nrega.BMP" style="height:593px; width:597px" /><br /><br />Table 6.4 titled &quot;Difference in NSSO 66th Round and MIS/Monthly Progress Report Data&quot; located at page 71 (see above) of the Sameeksha report reveals that<br /><br />&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As per the MIS and Monthly Progress Report-MPR data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010], percentage of rural households in India provided employment under MGNREGA stood at 25 percent whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010] was 24 percent. The differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for states like Andhra Pradesh (MIS/MPR= 50; NSS= 35), Jharkhand (MIS/MPR= 44; NSS= 16), West Bengal (MIS/MPR= 26; NSS= 43) etc.<br /><br />&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As per the MIS and MPR data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010], average person days per household under MGNREGA in India stood at 54 days whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010] was 37 days. Here too differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for the states.<br /><br />Speaking on these differences, the Sameeksha report suggests that more national level survey-based studies are required to verify the authenticity of MIS data.<br /><br />According to Reetika Khera (from Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and a visiting scholar at the Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics), discrepancies arise usually due to misreporting or giving false figures. She said discrepancies were usually higher in states with more corruption in MNREGA, lower awareness and weaker accountability systems.<br /><br /><strong><em>Why is MIS preferred in India?</em></strong><br /><br />MIS is preferred over paper-based Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs) since the latter could not be drilled down beyond the district level, which made it difficult to monitor Gram Panchayat-wise performance, issues and expenditure during 2006-07. MIS which provides real time online data can be used for the purpose of monitoring because of its reliability. It is assumed that MIS makes data transparent and available in the public domain to be equally accessed by all, thus ensuring Right to Information. In India the National Informatics Centre (NIC) has developed the MIS for National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The web-based MIS can be accessed from <a href="http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx" title="http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx">http://nrega.nic.in</a>. MIS places all critical parameters such as shelf of projects, sanctioned works, wage payments, number of days of employment provided and works under execution on line for easy public access. 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style="text-align:justify"><strong><em><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Sources:</span></em></strong></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Rural Development, GoI,</span></p><div style="text-align:justify"><!--[if gte mso 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style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt"><a href="https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf" title="https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf</a></span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></div><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">NREGA MIS Circular, <a href="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf" title="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf">http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt"><a href="http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12" title="http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12">http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Budget allocations, net of recoveries for MGNREGA, Notes on Demands for Grants 2012-13, <a href="http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf" title="http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf">http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">MGNREGA 2.0 LAUNCHED: NEW GUIDELINES, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-n<br />ew-guidelines-15082.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Five years of MG-NREGS, World&rsquo;s Largest Rural Job Scheme, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs<br />-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Maximum Dithering for Minimum Wages!, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-<br />minimum-wages-5575.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">What is wrong with MG-NREGA?, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-<br />nrega-4237.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">MGNREGA: Mixed success so far, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-<br />so-far-3513.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">The Biggest MNREGA Scam in Rajasthan, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-sca<br />m-in-rajasthan-1911.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p></div>',
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	'title' => 'Unreliable MGNREGA data raise doubts &amp; questions',
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	'description' => '<div style="text-align:justify">Two sets of government data on UPA government&#39;s most famous flagship programme <a href="https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html">Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA)</a>, for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which experts say is indicative of the corruption in the scheme and weakness of social audit or accountability.<br />
<br />
The government has increasingly relied on Management Information System (MIS) for monitoring NREGA at the Gram Panchayat (GP) level. However, the recently released Ministry of Rural Development report entitled MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012 points out the discrepancies in the data reported by Management Information System (MIS) and the National Sample Survey-NSS data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010]. &nbsp;</div>

<div style="text-align:justify"><br />
<img alt="MIS NSS Nrega" src="tinymce/uploaded/NSS%20MIS%20Nrega.BMP" style="height:593px; width:597px" /><br />
<br />
Table 6.4 titled &quot;Difference in NSSO 66th Round and MIS/Monthly Progress Report Data&quot; located at page 71 (see above) of the Sameeksha report reveals that<br />
<br />
&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As per the MIS and Monthly Progress Report-MPR data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010], percentage of rural households in India provided employment under MGNREGA stood at 25 percent whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010] was 24 percent. The differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for states like Andhra Pradesh (MIS/MPR= 50; NSS= 35), Jharkhand (MIS/MPR= 44; NSS= 16), West Bengal (MIS/MPR= 26; NSS= 43) etc.<br />
<br />
&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As per the MIS and MPR data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010], average person days per household under MGNREGA in India stood at 54 days whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010] was 37 days. Here too differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for the states.<br />
<br />
Speaking on these differences, the Sameeksha report suggests that more national level survey-based studies are required to verify the authenticity of MIS data.<br />
<br />
According to Reetika Khera (from Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and a visiting scholar at the Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics), discrepancies arise usually due to misreporting or giving false figures. She said discrepancies were usually higher in states with more corruption in MNREGA, lower awareness and weaker accountability systems.<br />
<br />
<strong><em>Why is MIS preferred in India?</em></strong><br />
<br />
MIS is preferred over paper-based Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs) since the latter could not be drilled down beyond the district level, which made it difficult to monitor Gram Panchayat-wise performance, issues and expenditure during 2006-07. MIS which provides real time online data can be used for the purpose of monitoring because of its reliability. It is assumed that MIS makes data transparent and available in the public domain to be equally accessed by all, thus ensuring Right to Information. In India the National Informatics Centre (NIC) has developed the MIS for National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The web-based MIS can be accessed from <a href="http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx">http://nrega.nic.in</a>. MIS places all critical parameters such as shelf of projects, sanctioned works, wage payments, number of days of employment provided and works under execution on line for easy public access. For FY 2011&ndash;12, more than 90 per cent of the total expenditure (as compared to MPRs) is available on MIS (including details of beneficiaries etc.).</div>

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<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><em><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Sources:</span></em></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Rural Development, GoI,</span></p>

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<![endif]--><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt"><a href="https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf</a></span></div>

<div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></div>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">NREGA MIS Circular, <a href="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf">http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf</a> </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt"><a href="http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12">http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12</a> </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Budget allocations, net of recoveries for MGNREGA, Notes on Demands for Grants 2012-13, <a href="http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf">http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf</a> </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">MGNREGA 2.0 LAUNCHED: NEW GUIDELINES, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html</a> </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Five years of MG-NREGS, World&rsquo;s Largest Rural Job Scheme, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html</a> </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Maximum Dithering for Minimum Wages!, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html</a> </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">What is wrong with MG-NREGA?, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html</a> </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">MGNREGA: Mixed success so far, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html</a> </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">The Biggest MNREGA Scam in Rajasthan, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html</a> </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>
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$metaTitle = 'NEWS ALERTS | Unreliable MGNREGA data raise doubts &amp; questions'
$metaKeywords = 'Corruption,NREGA,NREGS'
$metaDesc = 'Two sets of government data on UPA government&#39;s most famous flagship programme Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which...'
$disp = '<div style="text-align:justify">Two sets of government data on UPA government&#39;s most famous flagship programme <a href="https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html">Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA)</a>, for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which experts say is indicative of the corruption in the scheme and weakness of social audit or accountability.<br /><br />The government has increasingly relied on Management Information System (MIS) for monitoring NREGA at the Gram Panchayat (GP) level. However, the recently released Ministry of Rural Development report entitled MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012 points out the discrepancies in the data reported by Management Information System (MIS) and the National Sample Survey-NSS data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010]. &nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify"><br /><img alt="MIS NSS Nrega" src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/NSS%20MIS%20Nrega.BMP" style="height:593px; width:597px" /><br /><br />Table 6.4 titled &quot;Difference in NSSO 66th Round and MIS/Monthly Progress Report Data&quot; located at page 71 (see above) of the Sameeksha report reveals that<br /><br />&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As per the MIS and Monthly Progress Report-MPR data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010], percentage of rural households in India provided employment under MGNREGA stood at 25 percent whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010] was 24 percent. The differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for states like Andhra Pradesh (MIS/MPR= 50; NSS= 35), Jharkhand (MIS/MPR= 44; NSS= 16), West Bengal (MIS/MPR= 26; NSS= 43) etc.<br /><br />&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As per the MIS and MPR data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010], average person days per household under MGNREGA in India stood at 54 days whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009&ndash;June 2010] was 37 days. Here too differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for the states.<br /><br />Speaking on these differences, the Sameeksha report suggests that more national level survey-based studies are required to verify the authenticity of MIS data.<br /><br />According to Reetika Khera (from Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and a visiting scholar at the Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics), discrepancies arise usually due to misreporting or giving false figures. She said discrepancies were usually higher in states with more corruption in MNREGA, lower awareness and weaker accountability systems.<br /><br /><strong><em>Why is MIS preferred in India?</em></strong><br /><br />MIS is preferred over paper-based Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs) since the latter could not be drilled down beyond the district level, which made it difficult to monitor Gram Panchayat-wise performance, issues and expenditure during 2006-07. MIS which provides real time online data can be used for the purpose of monitoring because of its reliability. It is assumed that MIS makes data transparent and available in the public domain to be equally accessed by all, thus ensuring Right to Information. In India the National Informatics Centre (NIC) has developed the MIS for National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The web-based MIS can be accessed from <a href="http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx" title="http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx">http://nrega.nic.in</a>. MIS places all critical parameters such as shelf of projects, sanctioned works, wage payments, number of days of employment provided and works under execution on line for easy public access. For FY 2011&ndash;12, more than 90 per cent of the total expenditure (as compared to MPRs) is available on MIS (including details of beneficiaries etc.).</div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div><p style="text-align:justify"><!--[if gte mso 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style="text-align:justify"><strong><em><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Sources:</span></em></strong></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Rural Development, GoI,</span></p><div style="text-align:justify"><!--[if gte mso 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style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt"><a href="https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf" title="https://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf</a></span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></div><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">NREGA MIS Circular, <a href="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf" title="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf">http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt"><a href="http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12" title="http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12">http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Budget allocations, net of recoveries for MGNREGA, Notes on Demands for Grants 2012-13, <a href="http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf" title="http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf">http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">MGNREGA 2.0 LAUNCHED: NEW GUIDELINES, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-new-guidelines-15082.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-n<br />ew-guidelines-15082.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Five years of MG-NREGS, World&rsquo;s Largest Rural Job Scheme, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs<br />-worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">Maximum Dithering for Minimum Wages!, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-minimum-wages-5575.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for-<br />minimum-wages-5575.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">What is wrong with MG-NREGA?, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-nrega-4237.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg-<br />nrega-4237.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">MGNREGA: Mixed success so far, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-so-far-3513.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success-<br />so-far-3513.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size:12pt">The Biggest MNREGA Scam in Rajasthan, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-scam-in-rajasthan-1911.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-sca<br />m-in-rajasthan-1911.html</a> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p></div>'
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Unreliable MGNREGA data raise doubts & questions

Two sets of government data on UPA government's most famous flagship programme Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), for which Rs. 33000 crore was earmarked in 2012-13 budget, provide widely different figures for several states, a feature which experts say is indicative of the corruption in the scheme and weakness of social audit or accountability. The government has increasingly relied on Management Information System (MIS) for monitoring NREGA at the Gram Panchayat (GP) level. However, the recently released Ministry of Rural Development report entitled MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006–2012 points out the discrepancies in the data reported by Management Information System (MIS) and the National Sample Survey-NSS data [July 2009–June 2010].   Table 6.4 titled "Difference in NSSO 66th Round and MIS/Monthly Progress Report Data" located at page 71 (see above) of the Sameeksha report reveals that •    As per the MIS and Monthly Progress Report-MPR data [July 2009–June 2010], percentage of rural households in India provided employment under MGNREGA stood at 25 percent whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009–June 2010] was 24 percent. The differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for states like Andhra Pradesh (MIS/MPR= 50; NSS= 35), Jharkhand (MIS/MPR= 44; NSS= 16), West Bengal (MIS/MPR= 26; NSS= 43) etc. •    As per the MIS and MPR data [July 2009–June 2010], average person days per household under MGNREGA in India stood at 54 days whereas the same as per the NSS data [July 2009–June 2010] was 37 days. Here too differences are starker between MIS and NSS data on the same for the states. Speaking on these differences, the Sameeksha report suggests that more national level survey-based studies are required to verify the authenticity of MIS data. According to Reetika Khera (from Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and a visiting scholar at the Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics), discrepancies arise usually due to misreporting or giving false figures. She said discrepancies were usually higher in states with more corruption in MNREGA, lower awareness and weaker accountability systems. Why is MIS preferred in India? MIS is preferred over paper-based Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs) since the latter could not be drilled down beyond the district level, which made it difficult to monitor Gram Panchayat-wise performance, issues and expenditure during 2006-07. MIS which provides real time online data can be used for the purpose of monitoring because of its reliability. It is assumed that MIS makes data transparent and available in the public domain to be equally accessed by all, thus ensuring Right to Information. In India the National Informatics Centre (NIC) has developed the MIS for National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The web-based MIS can be accessed from http://nrega.nic.in. MIS places all critical parameters such as shelf of projects, sanctioned works, wage payments, number of days of employment provided and works under execution on line for easy public access. For FY 2011–12, more than 90 per cent of the total expenditure (as compared to MPRs) is available on MIS (including details of beneficiaries etc.).   Sources:   MGNREGA Sameeksha (2012): An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006–2012, Ministry of Rural Rural Development, GoI, http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf   NREGA MIS Circular, http://nrega.nic.in/circular/circular_mis.pdf   http://www.india.gov.in/sectors/rural/index.php?id=12   Budget allocations, net of recoveries for MGNREGA, Notes on Demands for Grants 2012-13, http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2012-13/eb/sbe82.pdf   MGNREGA 2.0 LAUNCHED: NEW GUIDELINES, http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-2-0-launched-n ew-guidelines-15082.html   Five years of MG-NREGS, World’s Largest Rural Job Scheme, http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/five-years-of-mg-nregs -worlds-largest-rural-job-scheme-5834.html   Maximum Dithering for Minimum Wages!, http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/maximum-dithering-for- minimum-wages-5575.html   What is wrong with MG-NREGA?, http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/what-is-wrong-with-mg- nrega-4237.html   MGNREGA: Mixed success so far, http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/mgnrega-mixed-success- so-far-3513.html   The Biggest MNREGA Scam in Rajasthan, http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/the-biggest-mnrega-sca m-in-rajasthan-1911.html