Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f3f05c12449-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f3f05c12449-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f3f05c12449-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f3f05c12449-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f3f05c12449-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f3f05c12449-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f3f05c12449-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f3f05c12449-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;MGNREGA improves school enrolment, education&#039;,
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A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence of earning wages in the rural job security program. The study is based on data from rural households in 5 districts in Andhra Pradesh and comprised of 3006 children, comparing a range of individual and household statistics from 2007 and 2009-10. The data is from the Young Lives program - a 15-year study of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Vietnam and Peru, which follows the lives of 3,000 children in each country. (See links below)
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&amp;nbsp;
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Unlike the private rural labour market, under MNREGA equal wage rates apply to women and men. Further, the program requires one-third of the beneficiaries to be women, thus emphasizing female employment. The study tried to understand whether a rise in the mother&#039;s share of parental NREGA workdays increased the school attendance and grade attainment of her children, particularly girls. The sample was restricted to children in the age group of 5-14 years in 2007, the school-going age group.
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The study found that in this period the average number of days women worked in the NREGA went up by five times. The time spent in school by children in the reference period (a typical day in the previous week) went up from 5.8 hours in 2007 to almost 7 hours in 2009-10. This increase in time spent in school was largely reflective of more regular school attendance. Further, more time in school translated into better educational attainment. The study finds that this effect is largely on children in the poorest wealth group, and for girls in the household. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/NREGA%20Summary%20Statistics.bmp&quot; alt=&quot;NREGA Summary Statistics&quot; /&gt;
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Could this increase in school attendance be a result of mandatory cr&amp;egrave;che facilities at MNREGA work sites freeing up children from having to take care of their younger siblings? The researchers argue this is unlikely since in their sample only 1 per cent of households reported using on-site child-care facilities in 2007, while more than 80 per cent of households reported absence of child-care facilities at the last work site in 2009-10. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The researchers argue that the effects are due to the increased bargaining power of mothers in household decision-making, namely greater participation of mothers in the labour market increases the say and control that such women have concerning important decisions being made within the household. 
&lt;/p&gt;
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In more qualitative interviews done outside the survey, Young Lives households reported that accessing the scheme had positive effects on the education of their children - for example, parents were better able to purchase books and clothes - investments in a critical period of a child&#039;s life, which could have wider societal returns. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual households (&lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&lt;/a&gt;) also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their children&#039;s school education.
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;em&gt;For full study and more reports please click on the links below:&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Social Protection&quot;&gt;Social Protection and Poverty Reduction&lt;/a&gt;: Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May, 2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Female Labour Force Participation&quot;&gt;Female Labour-Force Participation&lt;/a&gt; and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March 2013, Young Lives 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May, 2012&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;../docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;../docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
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A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;../success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu, 5 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;../success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;../success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
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Image Courtesy: &lt;a href=&quot;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&quot;&gt;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; 
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A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence of earning wages in the rural job security program. The study is based on data from rural households in 5 districts in Andhra Pradesh and comprised of 3006 children, comparing a range of individual and household statistics from 2007 and 2009-10. The data is from the Young Lives program - a 15-year study of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Vietnam and Peru, which follows the lives of 3,000 children in each country. (See links below)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Unlike the private rural labour market, under MNREGA equal wage rates apply to women and men. Further, the program requires one-third of the beneficiaries to be women, thus emphasizing female employment. The study tried to understand whether a rise in the mother&#039;s share of parental NREGA workdays increased the school attendance and grade attainment of her children, particularly girls. The sample was restricted to children in the age group of 5-14 years in 2007, the school-going age group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The study found that in this period the average number of days women worked in the NREGA went up by five times. The time spent in school by children in the reference period (a typical day in the previous week) went up from 5.8 hours in 2007 to almost 7 hours in 2009-10. This increase in time spent in school was largely reflective of more regular school attendance. Further, more time in school translated into better educational attainment. The study finds that this effect is largely on children in the poorest wealth group, and for girls in the household. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/NREGA%20Summary%20Statistics.bmp&quot; alt=&quot;NREGA Summary Statistics&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Could this increase in school attendance be a result of mandatory cr&amp;egrave;che facilities at MNREGA work sites freeing up children from having to take care of their younger siblings? The researchers argue this is unlikely since in their sample only 1 per cent of households reported using on-site child-care facilities in 2007, while more than 80 per cent of households reported absence of child-care facilities at the last work site in 2009-10. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The researchers argue that the effects are due to the increased bargaining power of mothers in household decision-making, namely greater participation of mothers in the labour market increases the say and control that such women have concerning important decisions being made within the household. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;In more qualitative interviews done outside the survey, Young Lives households reported that accessing the scheme had positive effects on the education of their children - for example, parents were better able to purchase books and clothes - investments in a critical period of a child&#039;s life, which could have wider societal returns. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual households (&lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&lt;/a&gt;) also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their children&#039;s school education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;For full study and more reports please click on the links below:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Social Protection&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Social Protection&quot;&gt;Social Protection and Poverty Reduction&lt;/a&gt;: Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May, 2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Female Labour Force Participation&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Female Labour Force Participation&quot;&gt;Female Labour-Force Participation&lt;/a&gt; and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March 2013, Young Lives &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May, 2012&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-mad&lt;br /&gt;e-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu, 5 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rur&lt;br /&gt;al-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.htm&lt;br /&gt;l&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a&lt;br /&gt;-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: &lt;a href=&quot;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&quot; title=&quot;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&quot;&gt;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence of earning wages in the rural job security program. The study is based on data from rural households in 5 districts in Andhra Pradesh and comprised of 3006 children, comparing a range of individual and household statistics from 2007 and 2009-10. The data is from the Young Lives program - a 15-year study of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Vietnam and Peru, which follows the lives of 3,000 children in each country. (See links below)
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&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Unlike the private rural labour market, under MNREGA equal wage rates apply to women and men. Further, the program requires one-third of the beneficiaries to be women, thus emphasizing female employment. The study tried to understand whether a rise in the mother&#039;s share of parental NREGA workdays increased the school attendance and grade attainment of her children, particularly girls. The sample was restricted to children in the age group of 5-14 years in 2007, the school-going age group.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The study found that in this period the average number of days women worked in the NREGA went up by five times. The time spent in school by children in the reference period (a typical day in the previous week) went up from 5.8 hours in 2007 to almost 7 hours in 2009-10. This increase in time spent in school was largely reflective of more regular school attendance. Further, more time in school translated into better educational attainment. The study finds that this effect is largely on children in the poorest wealth group, and for girls in the household. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/NREGA%20Summary%20Statistics.bmp&quot; alt=&quot;NREGA Summary Statistics&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Could this increase in school attendance be a result of mandatory cr&amp;egrave;che facilities at MNREGA work sites freeing up children from having to take care of their younger siblings? The researchers argue this is unlikely since in their sample only 1 per cent of households reported using on-site child-care facilities in 2007, while more than 80 per cent of households reported absence of child-care facilities at the last work site in 2009-10. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The researchers argue that the effects are due to the increased bargaining power of mothers in household decision-making, namely greater participation of mothers in the labour market increases the say and control that such women have concerning important decisions being made within the household. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
In more qualitative interviews done outside the survey, Young Lives households reported that accessing the scheme had positive effects on the education of their children - for example, parents were better able to purchase books and clothes - investments in a critical period of a child&#039;s life, which could have wider societal returns. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual households (&lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&lt;/a&gt;) also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their children&#039;s school education.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;For full study and more reports please click on the links below:&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Social Protection&quot;&gt;Social Protection and Poverty Reduction&lt;/a&gt;: Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May, 2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Female Labour Force Participation&quot;&gt;Female Labour-Force Participation&lt;/a&gt; and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March 2013, Young Lives 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May, 2012&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;../docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;../docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;../success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu, 5 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;../success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;../success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;
Image Courtesy: &lt;a href=&quot;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&quot;&gt;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; 
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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$metaTitle = &#039;NEWS ALERTS | MGNREGA improves school enrolment, education&#039;
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A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence of earning wages in the rural job security program. The study is based on data from rural households in 5 districts in Andhra Pradesh and comprised of 3006 children, comparing a range of individual and household statistics from 2007 and 2009-10. The data is from the Young Lives program - a 15-year study of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Vietnam and Peru, which follows the lives of 3,000 children in each country. (See links below)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Unlike the private rural labour market, under MNREGA equal wage rates apply to women and men. Further, the program requires one-third of the beneficiaries to be women, thus emphasizing female employment. The study tried to understand whether a rise in the mother&#039;s share of parental NREGA workdays increased the school attendance and grade attainment of her children, particularly girls. The sample was restricted to children in the age group of 5-14 years in 2007, the school-going age group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The study found that in this period the average number of days women worked in the NREGA went up by five times. The time spent in school by children in the reference period (a typical day in the previous week) went up from 5.8 hours in 2007 to almost 7 hours in 2009-10. This increase in time spent in school was largely reflective of more regular school attendance. Further, more time in school translated into better educational attainment. The study finds that this effect is largely on children in the poorest wealth group, and for girls in the household. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/NREGA%20Summary%20Statistics.bmp&quot; alt=&quot;NREGA Summary Statistics&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Could this increase in school attendance be a result of mandatory cr&amp;egrave;che facilities at MNREGA work sites freeing up children from having to take care of their younger siblings? The researchers argue this is unlikely since in their sample only 1 per cent of households reported using on-site child-care facilities in 2007, while more than 80 per cent of households reported absence of child-care facilities at the last work site in 2009-10. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The researchers argue that the effects are due to the increased bargaining power of mothers in household decision-making, namely greater participation of mothers in the labour market increases the say and control that such women have concerning important decisions being made within the household. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;In more qualitative interviews done outside the survey, Young Lives households reported that accessing the scheme had positive effects on the education of their children - for example, parents were better able to purchase books and clothes - investments in a critical period of a child&#039;s life, which could have wider societal returns. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual households (&lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&lt;/a&gt;) also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their children&#039;s school education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;For full study and more reports please click on the links below:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Social Protection&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Social Protection&quot;&gt;Social Protection and Poverty Reduction&lt;/a&gt;: Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May, 2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Female Labour Force Participation&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Female Labour Force Participation&quot;&gt;Female Labour-Force Participation&lt;/a&gt; and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March 2013, Young Lives &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May, 2012&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-mad&lt;br /&gt;e-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu, 5 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rur&lt;br /&gt;al-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.htm&lt;br /&gt;l&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a&lt;br /&gt;-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: &lt;a href=&quot;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&quot; title=&quot;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&quot;&gt;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#039;
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                <strong>MGNREGA improves school enrolment, education</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence of earning wages in the rural job security program. The study is based on data from rural households in 5 districts in Andhra Pradesh and comprised of 3006 children, comparing a range of individual and household statistics from 2007 and 2009-10. The data is from the Young Lives program - a 15-year study of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Vietnam and Peru, which follows the lives of 3,000 children in each country. (See links below)</div><p align="justify">&nbsp;</p><p align="justify">Unlike the private rural labour market, under MNREGA equal wage rates apply to women and men. Further, the program requires one-third of the beneficiaries to be women, thus emphasizing female employment. The study tried to understand whether a rise in the mother's share of parental NREGA workdays increased the school attendance and grade attainment of her children, particularly girls. The sample was restricted to children in the age group of 5-14 years in 2007, the school-going age group.</p><p align="justify">The study found that in this period the average number of days women worked in the NREGA went up by five times. The time spent in school by children in the reference period (a typical day in the previous week) went up from 5.8 hours in 2007 to almost 7 hours in 2009-10. This increase in time spent in school was largely reflective of more regular school attendance. Further, more time in school translated into better educational attainment. The study finds that this effect is largely on children in the poorest wealth group, and for girls in the household. </p><p align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/NREGA%20Summary%20Statistics.bmp" alt="NREGA Summary Statistics" /></p><p align="justify">Could this increase in school attendance be a result of mandatory cr&egrave;che facilities at MNREGA work sites freeing up children from having to take care of their younger siblings? The researchers argue this is unlikely since in their sample only 1 per cent of households reported using on-site child-care facilities in 2007, while more than 80 per cent of households reported absence of child-care facilities at the last work site in 2009-10. </p><p align="justify">The researchers argue that the effects are due to the increased bargaining power of mothers in household decision-making, namely greater participation of mothers in the labour market increases the say and control that such women have concerning important decisions being made within the household. </p><p align="justify">In more qualitative interviews done outside the survey, Young Lives households reported that accessing the scheme had positive effects on the education of their children - for example, parents were better able to purchase books and clothes - investments in a critical period of a child's life, which could have wider societal returns. </p><p align="justify">Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual households (<a href="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf" title="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf">http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf</a>) also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their children's school education.</p><p align="justify"><em>For full study and more reports please click on the links below:</em></p><p align="justify"><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf" title="Social Protection" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf" title="Social Protection">Social Protection and Poverty Reduction</a>: Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May, 2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands<br /><br /><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf" title="Female Labour Force Participation" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf" title="Female Labour Force Participation">Female Labour-Force Participation</a> and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March 2013, Young Lives </p><p align="justify"><br />MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May, 2012<br /><a href="https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf</a><br /><br />MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, <br /><a href="https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-mad<br />e-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html</a><br /><br />Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu, 5 February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rur<br />al-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.htm<br />l</a><br /><br />Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2 February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a<br />-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html</a> <br />&nbsp; <br /><strong>Image Courtesy: <a href="http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg" title="http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg">http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg</a>&nbsp; </strong></p><strong></strong><p align="justify"><strong></strong>&nbsp;</p>               </font>
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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f3f05c12449-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f3f05c12449-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f3f05c12449-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f3f05c12449-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f3f05c12449-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f3f05c12449-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f3f05c12449-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f3f05c12449-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
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A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence of earning wages in the rural job security program. The study is based on data from rural households in 5 districts in Andhra Pradesh and comprised of 3006 children, comparing a range of individual and household statistics from 2007 and 2009-10. The data is from the Young Lives program - a 15-year study of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Vietnam and Peru, which follows the lives of 3,000 children in each country. (See links below)
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&amp;nbsp;
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Unlike the private rural labour market, under MNREGA equal wage rates apply to women and men. Further, the program requires one-third of the beneficiaries to be women, thus emphasizing female employment. The study tried to understand whether a rise in the mother&#039;s share of parental NREGA workdays increased the school attendance and grade attainment of her children, particularly girls. The sample was restricted to children in the age group of 5-14 years in 2007, the school-going age group.
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The study found that in this period the average number of days women worked in the NREGA went up by five times. The time spent in school by children in the reference period (a typical day in the previous week) went up from 5.8 hours in 2007 to almost 7 hours in 2009-10. This increase in time spent in school was largely reflective of more regular school attendance. Further, more time in school translated into better educational attainment. The study finds that this effect is largely on children in the poorest wealth group, and for girls in the household. 
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/NREGA%20Summary%20Statistics.bmp&quot; alt=&quot;NREGA Summary Statistics&quot; /&gt;
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Could this increase in school attendance be a result of mandatory cr&amp;egrave;che facilities at MNREGA work sites freeing up children from having to take care of their younger siblings? The researchers argue this is unlikely since in their sample only 1 per cent of households reported using on-site child-care facilities in 2007, while more than 80 per cent of households reported absence of child-care facilities at the last work site in 2009-10. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The researchers argue that the effects are due to the increased bargaining power of mothers in household decision-making, namely greater participation of mothers in the labour market increases the say and control that such women have concerning important decisions being made within the household. 
&lt;/p&gt;
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In more qualitative interviews done outside the survey, Young Lives households reported that accessing the scheme had positive effects on the education of their children - for example, parents were better able to purchase books and clothes - investments in a critical period of a child&#039;s life, which could have wider societal returns. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual households (&lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&lt;/a&gt;) also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their children&#039;s school education.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;For full study and more reports please click on the links below:&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Social Protection&quot;&gt;Social Protection and Poverty Reduction&lt;/a&gt;: Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May, 2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Female Labour Force Participation&quot;&gt;Female Labour-Force Participation&lt;/a&gt; and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March 2013, Young Lives 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May, 2012&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;../docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;../docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;../success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu, 5 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;../success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;../success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;
Image Courtesy: &lt;a href=&quot;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&quot;&gt;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; 
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A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence of earning wages in the rural job security program. The study is based on data from rural households in 5 districts in Andhra Pradesh and comprised of 3006 children, comparing a range of individual and household statistics from 2007 and 2009-10. The data is from the Young Lives program - a 15-year study of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Vietnam and Peru, which follows the lives of 3,000 children in each country. (See links below)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Unlike the private rural labour market, under MNREGA equal wage rates apply to women and men. Further, the program requires one-third of the beneficiaries to be women, thus emphasizing female employment. The study tried to understand whether a rise in the mother&#039;s share of parental NREGA workdays increased the school attendance and grade attainment of her children, particularly girls. The sample was restricted to children in the age group of 5-14 years in 2007, the school-going age group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The study found that in this period the average number of days women worked in the NREGA went up by five times. The time spent in school by children in the reference period (a typical day in the previous week) went up from 5.8 hours in 2007 to almost 7 hours in 2009-10. This increase in time spent in school was largely reflective of more regular school attendance. Further, more time in school translated into better educational attainment. The study finds that this effect is largely on children in the poorest wealth group, and for girls in the household. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/NREGA%20Summary%20Statistics.bmp&quot; alt=&quot;NREGA Summary Statistics&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Could this increase in school attendance be a result of mandatory cr&amp;egrave;che facilities at MNREGA work sites freeing up children from having to take care of their younger siblings? The researchers argue this is unlikely since in their sample only 1 per cent of households reported using on-site child-care facilities in 2007, while more than 80 per cent of households reported absence of child-care facilities at the last work site in 2009-10. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The researchers argue that the effects are due to the increased bargaining power of mothers in household decision-making, namely greater participation of mothers in the labour market increases the say and control that such women have concerning important decisions being made within the household. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;In more qualitative interviews done outside the survey, Young Lives households reported that accessing the scheme had positive effects on the education of their children - for example, parents were better able to purchase books and clothes - investments in a critical period of a child&#039;s life, which could have wider societal returns. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual households (&lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&lt;/a&gt;) also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their children&#039;s school education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;For full study and more reports please click on the links below:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Social Protection&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Social Protection&quot;&gt;Social Protection and Poverty Reduction&lt;/a&gt;: Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May, 2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Female Labour Force Participation&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Female Labour Force Participation&quot;&gt;Female Labour-Force Participation&lt;/a&gt; and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March 2013, Young Lives &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May, 2012&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-mad&lt;br /&gt;e-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu, 5 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rur&lt;br /&gt;al-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.htm&lt;br /&gt;l&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a&lt;br /&gt;-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: &lt;a href=&quot;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&quot; title=&quot;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&quot;&gt;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;MGNREGA improves school enrolment, education&#039;,
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A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence of earning wages in the rural job security program. The study is based on data from rural households in 5 districts in Andhra Pradesh and comprised of 3006 children, comparing a range of individual and household statistics from 2007 and 2009-10. The data is from the Young Lives program - a 15-year study of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Vietnam and Peru, which follows the lives of 3,000 children in each country. (See links below)
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&amp;nbsp;
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Unlike the private rural labour market, under MNREGA equal wage rates apply to women and men. Further, the program requires one-third of the beneficiaries to be women, thus emphasizing female employment. The study tried to understand whether a rise in the mother&#039;s share of parental NREGA workdays increased the school attendance and grade attainment of her children, particularly girls. The sample was restricted to children in the age group of 5-14 years in 2007, the school-going age group.
&lt;/p&gt;
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The study found that in this period the average number of days women worked in the NREGA went up by five times. The time spent in school by children in the reference period (a typical day in the previous week) went up from 5.8 hours in 2007 to almost 7 hours in 2009-10. This increase in time spent in school was largely reflective of more regular school attendance. Further, more time in school translated into better educational attainment. The study finds that this effect is largely on children in the poorest wealth group, and for girls in the household. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/NREGA%20Summary%20Statistics.bmp&quot; alt=&quot;NREGA Summary Statistics&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Could this increase in school attendance be a result of mandatory cr&amp;egrave;che facilities at MNREGA work sites freeing up children from having to take care of their younger siblings? The researchers argue this is unlikely since in their sample only 1 per cent of households reported using on-site child-care facilities in 2007, while more than 80 per cent of households reported absence of child-care facilities at the last work site in 2009-10. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The researchers argue that the effects are due to the increased bargaining power of mothers in household decision-making, namely greater participation of mothers in the labour market increases the say and control that such women have concerning important decisions being made within the household. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
In more qualitative interviews done outside the survey, Young Lives households reported that accessing the scheme had positive effects on the education of their children - for example, parents were better able to purchase books and clothes - investments in a critical period of a child&#039;s life, which could have wider societal returns. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual households (&lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&lt;/a&gt;) also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their children&#039;s school education.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;For full study and more reports please click on the links below:&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Social Protection&quot;&gt;Social Protection and Poverty Reduction&lt;/a&gt;: Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May, 2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Female Labour Force Participation&quot;&gt;Female Labour-Force Participation&lt;/a&gt; and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March 2013, Young Lives 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May, 2012&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;../docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;../docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;../success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu, 5 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;../success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;../success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
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Image Courtesy: &lt;a href=&quot;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&quot;&gt;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; 
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$metaTitle = &#039;NEWS ALERTS | MGNREGA improves school enrolment, education&#039;
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A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence of earning wages in the rural job security program. The study is based on data from rural households in 5 districts in Andhra Pradesh and comprised of 3006 children, comparing a range of individual and household statistics from 2007 and 2009-10. The data is from the Young Lives program - a 15-year study of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Vietnam and Peru, which follows the lives of 3,000 children in each country. (See links below)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Unlike the private rural labour market, under MNREGA equal wage rates apply to women and men. Further, the program requires one-third of the beneficiaries to be women, thus emphasizing female employment. The study tried to understand whether a rise in the mother&#039;s share of parental NREGA workdays increased the school attendance and grade attainment of her children, particularly girls. The sample was restricted to children in the age group of 5-14 years in 2007, the school-going age group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The study found that in this period the average number of days women worked in the NREGA went up by five times. The time spent in school by children in the reference period (a typical day in the previous week) went up from 5.8 hours in 2007 to almost 7 hours in 2009-10. This increase in time spent in school was largely reflective of more regular school attendance. Further, more time in school translated into better educational attainment. The study finds that this effect is largely on children in the poorest wealth group, and for girls in the household. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/NREGA%20Summary%20Statistics.bmp&quot; alt=&quot;NREGA Summary Statistics&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Could this increase in school attendance be a result of mandatory cr&amp;egrave;che facilities at MNREGA work sites freeing up children from having to take care of their younger siblings? The researchers argue this is unlikely since in their sample only 1 per cent of households reported using on-site child-care facilities in 2007, while more than 80 per cent of households reported absence of child-care facilities at the last work site in 2009-10. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The researchers argue that the effects are due to the increased bargaining power of mothers in household decision-making, namely greater participation of mothers in the labour market increases the say and control that such women have concerning important decisions being made within the household. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;In more qualitative interviews done outside the survey, Young Lives households reported that accessing the scheme had positive effects on the education of their children - for example, parents were better able to purchase books and clothes - investments in a critical period of a child&#039;s life, which could have wider societal returns. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual households (&lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&lt;/a&gt;) also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their children&#039;s school education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;For full study and more reports please click on the links below:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Social Protection&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Social Protection&quot;&gt;Social Protection and Poverty Reduction&lt;/a&gt;: Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May, 2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Female Labour Force Participation&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Female Labour Force Participation&quot;&gt;Female Labour-Force Participation&lt;/a&gt; and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March 2013, Young Lives &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May, 2012&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-mad&lt;br /&gt;e-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu, 5 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rur&lt;br /&gt;al-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.htm&lt;br /&gt;l&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a&lt;br /&gt;-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: &lt;a href=&quot;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&quot; title=&quot;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&quot;&gt;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#039;
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                <strong>MGNREGA improves school enrolment, education</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence of earning wages in the rural job security program. The study is based on data from rural households in 5 districts in Andhra Pradesh and comprised of 3006 children, comparing a range of individual and household statistics from 2007 and 2009-10. The data is from the Young Lives program - a 15-year study of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Vietnam and Peru, which follows the lives of 3,000 children in each country. (See links below)</div><p align="justify">&nbsp;</p><p align="justify">Unlike the private rural labour market, under MNREGA equal wage rates apply to women and men. Further, the program requires one-third of the beneficiaries to be women, thus emphasizing female employment. The study tried to understand whether a rise in the mother's share of parental NREGA workdays increased the school attendance and grade attainment of her children, particularly girls. The sample was restricted to children in the age group of 5-14 years in 2007, the school-going age group.</p><p align="justify">The study found that in this period the average number of days women worked in the NREGA went up by five times. The time spent in school by children in the reference period (a typical day in the previous week) went up from 5.8 hours in 2007 to almost 7 hours in 2009-10. This increase in time spent in school was largely reflective of more regular school attendance. Further, more time in school translated into better educational attainment. The study finds that this effect is largely on children in the poorest wealth group, and for girls in the household. </p><p align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/NREGA%20Summary%20Statistics.bmp" alt="NREGA Summary Statistics" /></p><p align="justify">Could this increase in school attendance be a result of mandatory cr&egrave;che facilities at MNREGA work sites freeing up children from having to take care of their younger siblings? The researchers argue this is unlikely since in their sample only 1 per cent of households reported using on-site child-care facilities in 2007, while more than 80 per cent of households reported absence of child-care facilities at the last work site in 2009-10. </p><p align="justify">The researchers argue that the effects are due to the increased bargaining power of mothers in household decision-making, namely greater participation of mothers in the labour market increases the say and control that such women have concerning important decisions being made within the household. </p><p align="justify">In more qualitative interviews done outside the survey, Young Lives households reported that accessing the scheme had positive effects on the education of their children - for example, parents were better able to purchase books and clothes - investments in a critical period of a child's life, which could have wider societal returns. </p><p align="justify">Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual households (<a href="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf" title="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf">http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf</a>) also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their children's school education.</p><p align="justify"><em>For full study and more reports please click on the links below:</em></p><p align="justify"><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf" title="Social Protection" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf" title="Social Protection">Social Protection and Poverty Reduction</a>: Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May, 2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands<br /><br /><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf" title="Female Labour Force Participation" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf" title="Female Labour Force Participation">Female Labour-Force Participation</a> and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March 2013, Young Lives </p><p align="justify"><br />MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May, 2012<br /><a href="https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf</a><br /><br />MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, <br /><a href="https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-mad<br />e-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html</a><br /><br />Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu, 5 February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rur<br />al-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.htm<br />l</a><br /><br />Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2 February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a<br />-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html</a> <br />&nbsp; <br /><strong>Image Courtesy: <a href="http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg" title="http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg">http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg</a>&nbsp; </strong></p><strong></strong><p align="justify"><strong></strong>&nbsp;</p>               </font>
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A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence of earning wages in the rural job security program. The study is based on data from rural households in 5 districts in Andhra Pradesh and comprised of 3006 children, comparing a range of individual and household statistics from 2007 and 2009-10. The data is from the Young Lives program - a 15-year study of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Vietnam and Peru, which follows the lives of 3,000 children in each country. (See links below)
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&amp;nbsp;
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Unlike the private rural labour market, under MNREGA equal wage rates apply to women and men. Further, the program requires one-third of the beneficiaries to be women, thus emphasizing female employment. The study tried to understand whether a rise in the mother&#039;s share of parental NREGA workdays increased the school attendance and grade attainment of her children, particularly girls. The sample was restricted to children in the age group of 5-14 years in 2007, the school-going age group.
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The study found that in this period the average number of days women worked in the NREGA went up by five times. The time spent in school by children in the reference period (a typical day in the previous week) went up from 5.8 hours in 2007 to almost 7 hours in 2009-10. This increase in time spent in school was largely reflective of more regular school attendance. Further, more time in school translated into better educational attainment. The study finds that this effect is largely on children in the poorest wealth group, and for girls in the household. 
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/NREGA%20Summary%20Statistics.bmp&quot; alt=&quot;NREGA Summary Statistics&quot; /&gt;
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Could this increase in school attendance be a result of mandatory cr&amp;egrave;che facilities at MNREGA work sites freeing up children from having to take care of their younger siblings? The researchers argue this is unlikely since in their sample only 1 per cent of households reported using on-site child-care facilities in 2007, while more than 80 per cent of households reported absence of child-care facilities at the last work site in 2009-10. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The researchers argue that the effects are due to the increased bargaining power of mothers in household decision-making, namely greater participation of mothers in the labour market increases the say and control that such women have concerning important decisions being made within the household. 
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In more qualitative interviews done outside the survey, Young Lives households reported that accessing the scheme had positive effects on the education of their children - for example, parents were better able to purchase books and clothes - investments in a critical period of a child&#039;s life, which could have wider societal returns. 
&lt;/p&gt;
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Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual households (&lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&lt;/a&gt;) also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their children&#039;s school education.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;For full study and more reports please click on the links below:&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Social Protection&quot;&gt;Social Protection and Poverty Reduction&lt;/a&gt;: Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May, 2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Female Labour Force Participation&quot;&gt;Female Labour-Force Participation&lt;/a&gt; and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March 2013, Young Lives 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May, 2012&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;../docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;../docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;../success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu, 5 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;../success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;../success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;
Image Courtesy: &lt;a href=&quot;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&quot;&gt;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; 
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A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence of earning wages in the rural job security program. The study is based on data from rural households in 5 districts in Andhra Pradesh and comprised of 3006 children, comparing a range of individual and household statistics from 2007 and 2009-10. The data is from the Young Lives program - a 15-year study of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Vietnam and Peru, which follows the lives of 3,000 children in each country. (See links below)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Unlike the private rural labour market, under MNREGA equal wage rates apply to women and men. Further, the program requires one-third of the beneficiaries to be women, thus emphasizing female employment. The study tried to understand whether a rise in the mother&#039;s share of parental NREGA workdays increased the school attendance and grade attainment of her children, particularly girls. The sample was restricted to children in the age group of 5-14 years in 2007, the school-going age group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The study found that in this period the average number of days women worked in the NREGA went up by five times. The time spent in school by children in the reference period (a typical day in the previous week) went up from 5.8 hours in 2007 to almost 7 hours in 2009-10. This increase in time spent in school was largely reflective of more regular school attendance. Further, more time in school translated into better educational attainment. The study finds that this effect is largely on children in the poorest wealth group, and for girls in the household. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/NREGA%20Summary%20Statistics.bmp&quot; alt=&quot;NREGA Summary Statistics&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Could this increase in school attendance be a result of mandatory cr&amp;egrave;che facilities at MNREGA work sites freeing up children from having to take care of their younger siblings? The researchers argue this is unlikely since in their sample only 1 per cent of households reported using on-site child-care facilities in 2007, while more than 80 per cent of households reported absence of child-care facilities at the last work site in 2009-10. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The researchers argue that the effects are due to the increased bargaining power of mothers in household decision-making, namely greater participation of mothers in the labour market increases the say and control that such women have concerning important decisions being made within the household. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;In more qualitative interviews done outside the survey, Young Lives households reported that accessing the scheme had positive effects on the education of their children - for example, parents were better able to purchase books and clothes - investments in a critical period of a child&#039;s life, which could have wider societal returns. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual households (&lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&lt;/a&gt;) also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their children&#039;s school education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;For full study and more reports please click on the links below:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Social Protection&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Social Protection&quot;&gt;Social Protection and Poverty Reduction&lt;/a&gt;: Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May, 2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Female Labour Force Participation&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Female Labour Force Participation&quot;&gt;Female Labour-Force Participation&lt;/a&gt; and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March 2013, Young Lives &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May, 2012&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-mad&lt;br /&gt;e-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu, 5 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rur&lt;br /&gt;al-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.htm&lt;br /&gt;l&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&quot; 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A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence of earning wages in the rural job security program. The study is based on data from rural households in 5 districts in Andhra Pradesh and comprised of 3006 children, comparing a range of individual and household statistics from 2007 and 2009-10. The data is from the Young Lives program - a 15-year study of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Vietnam and Peru, which follows the lives of 3,000 children in each country. (See links below)
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&amp;nbsp;
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Unlike the private rural labour market, under MNREGA equal wage rates apply to women and men. Further, the program requires one-third of the beneficiaries to be women, thus emphasizing female employment. The study tried to understand whether a rise in the mother&#039;s share of parental NREGA workdays increased the school attendance and grade attainment of her children, particularly girls. The sample was restricted to children in the age group of 5-14 years in 2007, the school-going age group.
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The study found that in this period the average number of days women worked in the NREGA went up by five times. The time spent in school by children in the reference period (a typical day in the previous week) went up from 5.8 hours in 2007 to almost 7 hours in 2009-10. This increase in time spent in school was largely reflective of more regular school attendance. Further, more time in school translated into better educational attainment. The study finds that this effect is largely on children in the poorest wealth group, and for girls in the household. 
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/NREGA%20Summary%20Statistics.bmp&quot; alt=&quot;NREGA Summary Statistics&quot; /&gt;
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Could this increase in school attendance be a result of mandatory cr&amp;egrave;che facilities at MNREGA work sites freeing up children from having to take care of their younger siblings? The researchers argue this is unlikely since in their sample only 1 per cent of households reported using on-site child-care facilities in 2007, while more than 80 per cent of households reported absence of child-care facilities at the last work site in 2009-10. 
&lt;/p&gt;
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The researchers argue that the effects are due to the increased bargaining power of mothers in household decision-making, namely greater participation of mothers in the labour market increases the say and control that such women have concerning important decisions being made within the household. 
&lt;/p&gt;
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In more qualitative interviews done outside the survey, Young Lives households reported that accessing the scheme had positive effects on the education of their children - for example, parents were better able to purchase books and clothes - investments in a critical period of a child&#039;s life, which could have wider societal returns. 
&lt;/p&gt;
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Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual households (&lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&lt;/a&gt;) also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their children&#039;s school education.
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;em&gt;For full study and more reports please click on the links below:&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Social Protection&quot;&gt;Social Protection and Poverty Reduction&lt;/a&gt;: Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May, 2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Female Labour Force Participation&quot;&gt;Female Labour-Force Participation&lt;/a&gt; and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March 2013, Young Lives 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May, 2012&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;../docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;../docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
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A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;../success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu, 5 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;../success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;../success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
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Image Courtesy: &lt;a href=&quot;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&quot;&gt;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; 
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A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence of earning wages in the rural job security program. The study is based on data from rural households in 5 districts in Andhra Pradesh and comprised of 3006 children, comparing a range of individual and household statistics from 2007 and 2009-10. The data is from the Young Lives program - a 15-year study of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Vietnam and Peru, which follows the lives of 3,000 children in each country. (See links below)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Unlike the private rural labour market, under MNREGA equal wage rates apply to women and men. Further, the program requires one-third of the beneficiaries to be women, thus emphasizing female employment. The study tried to understand whether a rise in the mother&#039;s share of parental NREGA workdays increased the school attendance and grade attainment of her children, particularly girls. The sample was restricted to children in the age group of 5-14 years in 2007, the school-going age group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The study found that in this period the average number of days women worked in the NREGA went up by five times. The time spent in school by children in the reference period (a typical day in the previous week) went up from 5.8 hours in 2007 to almost 7 hours in 2009-10. This increase in time spent in school was largely reflective of more regular school attendance. Further, more time in school translated into better educational attainment. The study finds that this effect is largely on children in the poorest wealth group, and for girls in the household. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/NREGA%20Summary%20Statistics.bmp&quot; alt=&quot;NREGA Summary Statistics&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Could this increase in school attendance be a result of mandatory cr&amp;egrave;che facilities at MNREGA work sites freeing up children from having to take care of their younger siblings? The researchers argue this is unlikely since in their sample only 1 per cent of households reported using on-site child-care facilities in 2007, while more than 80 per cent of households reported absence of child-care facilities at the last work site in 2009-10. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The researchers argue that the effects are due to the increased bargaining power of mothers in household decision-making, namely greater participation of mothers in the labour market increases the say and control that such women have concerning important decisions being made within the household. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;In more qualitative interviews done outside the survey, Young Lives households reported that accessing the scheme had positive effects on the education of their children - for example, parents were better able to purchase books and clothes - investments in a critical period of a child&#039;s life, which could have wider societal returns. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual households (&lt;a href=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&quot;&gt;http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf&lt;/a&gt;) also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their children&#039;s school education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;For full study and more reports please click on the links below:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Social Protection&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Social Protection&quot;&gt;Social Protection and Poverty Reduction&lt;/a&gt;: Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May, 2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Female Labour Force Participation&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Female Labour Force Participation&quot;&gt;Female Labour-Force Participation&lt;/a&gt; and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March 2013, Young Lives &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May, 2012&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&amp;ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-mad&lt;br /&gt;e-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu, 5 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rur&lt;br /&gt;al-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.htm&lt;br /&gt;l&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2 February, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a&lt;br /&gt;-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: &lt;a href=&quot;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&quot; title=&quot;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&quot;&gt;http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#039;
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                <strong>MGNREGA improves school enrolment, education</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence of earning wages in the rural job security program. The study is based on data from rural households in 5 districts in Andhra Pradesh and comprised of 3006 children, comparing a range of individual and household statistics from 2007 and 2009-10. The data is from the Young Lives program - a 15-year study of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Vietnam and Peru, which follows the lives of 3,000 children in each country. (See links below)</div><p align="justify">&nbsp;</p><p align="justify">Unlike the private rural labour market, under MNREGA equal wage rates apply to women and men. Further, the program requires one-third of the beneficiaries to be women, thus emphasizing female employment. The study tried to understand whether a rise in the mother's share of parental NREGA workdays increased the school attendance and grade attainment of her children, particularly girls. The sample was restricted to children in the age group of 5-14 years in 2007, the school-going age group.</p><p align="justify">The study found that in this period the average number of days women worked in the NREGA went up by five times. The time spent in school by children in the reference period (a typical day in the previous week) went up from 5.8 hours in 2007 to almost 7 hours in 2009-10. This increase in time spent in school was largely reflective of more regular school attendance. Further, more time in school translated into better educational attainment. The study finds that this effect is largely on children in the poorest wealth group, and for girls in the household. </p><p align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/NREGA%20Summary%20Statistics.bmp" alt="NREGA Summary Statistics" /></p><p align="justify">Could this increase in school attendance be a result of mandatory cr&egrave;che facilities at MNREGA work sites freeing up children from having to take care of their younger siblings? The researchers argue this is unlikely since in their sample only 1 per cent of households reported using on-site child-care facilities in 2007, while more than 80 per cent of households reported absence of child-care facilities at the last work site in 2009-10. </p><p align="justify">The researchers argue that the effects are due to the increased bargaining power of mothers in household decision-making, namely greater participation of mothers in the labour market increases the say and control that such women have concerning important decisions being made within the household. </p><p align="justify">In more qualitative interviews done outside the survey, Young Lives households reported that accessing the scheme had positive effects on the education of their children - for example, parents were better able to purchase books and clothes - investments in a critical period of a child's life, which could have wider societal returns. </p><p align="justify">Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual households (<a href="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf" title="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf">http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf</a>) also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their children's school education.</p><p align="justify"><em>For full study and more reports please click on the links below:</em></p><p align="justify"><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf" title="Social Protection" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf" title="Social Protection">Social Protection and Poverty Reduction</a>: Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May, 2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands<br /><br /><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf" title="Female Labour Force Participation" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf" title="Female Labour Force Participation">Female Labour-Force Participation</a> and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March 2013, Young Lives </p><p align="justify"><br />MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May, 2012<br /><a href="https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf</a><br /><br />MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, <br /><a href="https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-mad<br />e-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html</a><br /><br />Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu, 5 February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rur<br />al-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.htm<br />l</a><br /><br />Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2 February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a<br />-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html</a> <br />&nbsp; <br /><strong>Image Courtesy: <a href="http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg" title="http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg">http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg</a>&nbsp; </strong></p><strong></strong><p align="justify"><strong></strong>&nbsp;</p>               </font>
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		'title' => 'MGNREGA improves school enrolment, education',
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		'description' => '<div align="justify">
A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence of earning wages in the rural job security program. The study is based on data from rural households in 5 districts in Andhra Pradesh and comprised of 3006 children, comparing a range of individual and household statistics from 2007 and 2009-10. The data is from the Young Lives program - a 15-year study of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Vietnam and Peru, which follows the lives of 3,000 children in each country. (See links below)
</div>
<p align="justify">
&nbsp;
</p>
<p align="justify">
Unlike the private rural labour market, under MNREGA equal wage rates apply to women and men. Further, the program requires one-third of the beneficiaries to be women, thus emphasizing female employment. The study tried to understand whether a rise in the mother's share of parental NREGA workdays increased the school attendance and grade attainment of her children, particularly girls. The sample was restricted to children in the age group of 5-14 years in 2007, the school-going age group.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The study found that in this period the average number of days women worked in the NREGA went up by five times. The time spent in school by children in the reference period (a typical day in the previous week) went up from 5.8 hours in 2007 to almost 7 hours in 2009-10. This increase in time spent in school was largely reflective of more regular school attendance. Further, more time in school translated into better educational attainment. The study finds that this effect is largely on children in the poorest wealth group, and for girls in the household. 
</p>
<p align="justify">
<img src="tinymce/uploaded/NREGA%20Summary%20Statistics.bmp" alt="NREGA Summary Statistics" />
</p>
<p align="justify">
Could this increase in school attendance be a result of mandatory cr&egrave;che facilities at MNREGA work sites freeing up children from having to take care of their younger siblings? The researchers argue this is unlikely since in their sample only 1 per cent of households reported using on-site child-care facilities in 2007, while more than 80 per cent of households reported absence of child-care facilities at the last work site in 2009-10. 
</p>
<p align="justify">
The researchers argue that the effects are due to the increased bargaining power of mothers in household decision-making, namely greater participation of mothers in the labour market increases the say and control that such women have concerning important decisions being made within the household. 
</p>
<p align="justify">
In more qualitative interviews done outside the survey, Young Lives households reported that accessing the scheme had positive effects on the education of their children - for example, parents were better able to purchase books and clothes - investments in a critical period of a child's life, which could have wider societal returns. 
</p>
<p align="justify">
Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual households (<a href="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf">http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf</a>) also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their children's school education.
</p>
<p align="justify">
<em>For full study and more reports please click on the links below:</em>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<a href="tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf" title="Social Protection">Social Protection and Poverty Reduction</a>: Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May, 2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands<br />
<br />
<a href="tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf" title="Female Labour Force Participation">Female Labour-Force Participation</a> and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March 2013, Young Lives 
</p>
<p align="justify">
<br />
MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May, 2012<br />
<a href="../docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf</a><br />
<br />
MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, <br />
<a href="../docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf</a>
</p>
<p align="justify">
A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, <a href="../success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html</a><br />
<br />
Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu, 5 February, 2013, <a href="../success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html</a><br />
<br />
Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2 February, 2013, <a href="../success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html</a> <br />
&nbsp; <br />
<strong>
Image Courtesy: <a href="http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg">http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg</a>&nbsp; 
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A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence of earning wages in the rural job security program. The study is based on data from rural households in 5 districts in Andhra Pradesh and comprised of 3006 children, comparing a range of individual and household statistics from 2007 and 2009-10. The data is from the Young Lives program - a 15-year study of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Vietnam and Peru, which follows the lives of 3,000 children in each country. (See links below)</div><p align="justify">&nbsp;</p><p align="justify">Unlike the private rural labour market, under MNREGA equal wage rates apply to women and men. Further, the program requires one-third of the beneficiaries to be women, thus emphasizing female employment. The study tried to understand whether a rise in the mother's share of parental NREGA workdays increased the school attendance and grade attainment of her children, particularly girls. The sample was restricted to children in the age group of 5-14 years in 2007, the school-going age group.</p><p align="justify">The study found that in this period the average number of days women worked in the NREGA went up by five times. The time spent in school by children in the reference period (a typical day in the previous week) went up from 5.8 hours in 2007 to almost 7 hours in 2009-10. This increase in time spent in school was largely reflective of more regular school attendance. Further, more time in school translated into better educational attainment. The study finds that this effect is largely on children in the poorest wealth group, and for girls in the household. </p><p align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/NREGA%20Summary%20Statistics.bmp" alt="NREGA Summary Statistics" /></p><p align="justify">Could this increase in school attendance be a result of mandatory cr&egrave;che facilities at MNREGA work sites freeing up children from having to take care of their younger siblings? The researchers argue this is unlikely since in their sample only 1 per cent of households reported using on-site child-care facilities in 2007, while more than 80 per cent of households reported absence of child-care facilities at the last work site in 2009-10. </p><p align="justify">The researchers argue that the effects are due to the increased bargaining power of mothers in household decision-making, namely greater participation of mothers in the labour market increases the say and control that such women have concerning important decisions being made within the household. </p><p align="justify">In more qualitative interviews done outside the survey, Young Lives households reported that accessing the scheme had positive effects on the education of their children - for example, parents were better able to purchase books and clothes - investments in a critical period of a child's life, which could have wider societal returns. </p><p align="justify">Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual households (<a href="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf" title="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf">http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf</a>) also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their children's school education.</p><p align="justify"><em>For full study and more reports please click on the links below:</em></p><p align="justify"><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf" title="Social Protection" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf" title="Social Protection">Social Protection and Poverty Reduction</a>: Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May, 2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands<br /><br /><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf" title="Female Labour Force Participation" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf" title="Female Labour Force Participation">Female Labour-Force Participation</a> and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March 2013, Young Lives </p><p align="justify"><br />MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May, 2012<br /><a href="https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf</a><br /><br />MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, <br /><a href="https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-mad<br />e-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html</a><br /><br />Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu, 5 February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rur<br />al-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.htm<br />l</a><br /><br />Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2 February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a<br />-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html</a> <br />&nbsp; <br /><strong>Image Courtesy: <a href="http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg" title="http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg">http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg</a>&nbsp; </strong></p><strong></strong><p align="justify"><strong></strong>&nbsp;</p>',
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	'title' => 'MGNREGA improves school enrolment, education',
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A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence of earning wages in the rural job security program. The study is based on data from rural households in 5 districts in Andhra Pradesh and comprised of 3006 children, comparing a range of individual and household statistics from 2007 and 2009-10. The data is from the Young Lives program - a 15-year study of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Vietnam and Peru, which follows the lives of 3,000 children in each country. (See links below)
</div>
<p align="justify">
&nbsp;
</p>
<p align="justify">
Unlike the private rural labour market, under MNREGA equal wage rates apply to women and men. Further, the program requires one-third of the beneficiaries to be women, thus emphasizing female employment. The study tried to understand whether a rise in the mother's share of parental NREGA workdays increased the school attendance and grade attainment of her children, particularly girls. The sample was restricted to children in the age group of 5-14 years in 2007, the school-going age group.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The study found that in this period the average number of days women worked in the NREGA went up by five times. The time spent in school by children in the reference period (a typical day in the previous week) went up from 5.8 hours in 2007 to almost 7 hours in 2009-10. This increase in time spent in school was largely reflective of more regular school attendance. Further, more time in school translated into better educational attainment. The study finds that this effect is largely on children in the poorest wealth group, and for girls in the household. 
</p>
<p align="justify">
<img src="tinymce/uploaded/NREGA%20Summary%20Statistics.bmp" alt="NREGA Summary Statistics" />
</p>
<p align="justify">
Could this increase in school attendance be a result of mandatory cr&egrave;che facilities at MNREGA work sites freeing up children from having to take care of their younger siblings? The researchers argue this is unlikely since in their sample only 1 per cent of households reported using on-site child-care facilities in 2007, while more than 80 per cent of households reported absence of child-care facilities at the last work site in 2009-10. 
</p>
<p align="justify">
The researchers argue that the effects are due to the increased bargaining power of mothers in household decision-making, namely greater participation of mothers in the labour market increases the say and control that such women have concerning important decisions being made within the household. 
</p>
<p align="justify">
In more qualitative interviews done outside the survey, Young Lives households reported that accessing the scheme had positive effects on the education of their children - for example, parents were better able to purchase books and clothes - investments in a critical period of a child's life, which could have wider societal returns. 
</p>
<p align="justify">
Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual households (<a href="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf">http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf</a>) also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their children's school education.
</p>
<p align="justify">
<em>For full study and more reports please click on the links below:</em>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<a href="tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf" title="Social Protection">Social Protection and Poverty Reduction</a>: Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May, 2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands<br />
<br />
<a href="tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf" title="Female Labour Force Participation">Female Labour-Force Participation</a> and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March 2013, Young Lives 
</p>
<p align="justify">
<br />
MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May, 2012<br />
<a href="../docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf</a><br />
<br />
MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, <br />
<a href="../docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf</a>
</p>
<p align="justify">
A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, <a href="../success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html</a><br />
<br />
Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu, 5 February, 2013, <a href="../success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html</a><br />
<br />
Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2 February, 2013, <a href="../success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html</a> <br />
&nbsp; <br />
<strong>
Image Courtesy: <a href="http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg">http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg</a>&nbsp; 
</strong>
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<strong>
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<p align="justify">
<strong>
</strong>&nbsp;
</p>',
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A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence of earning wages in the rural job security program. The study is based on data from rural households in 5 districts in Andhra Pradesh and comprised of 3006 children, comparing a range of individual and household statistics from 2007 and 2009-10. The data is from the Young Lives program - a 15-year study of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Vietnam and Peru, which follows the lives of 3,000 children in each country. (See links below)</div><p align="justify">&nbsp;</p><p align="justify">Unlike the private rural labour market, under MNREGA equal wage rates apply to women and men. Further, the program requires one-third of the beneficiaries to be women, thus emphasizing female employment. The study tried to understand whether a rise in the mother's share of parental NREGA workdays increased the school attendance and grade attainment of her children, particularly girls. The sample was restricted to children in the age group of 5-14 years in 2007, the school-going age group.</p><p align="justify">The study found that in this period the average number of days women worked in the NREGA went up by five times. The time spent in school by children in the reference period (a typical day in the previous week) went up from 5.8 hours in 2007 to almost 7 hours in 2009-10. This increase in time spent in school was largely reflective of more regular school attendance. Further, more time in school translated into better educational attainment. The study finds that this effect is largely on children in the poorest wealth group, and for girls in the household. </p><p align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/NREGA%20Summary%20Statistics.bmp" alt="NREGA Summary Statistics" /></p><p align="justify">Could this increase in school attendance be a result of mandatory cr&egrave;che facilities at MNREGA work sites freeing up children from having to take care of their younger siblings? The researchers argue this is unlikely since in their sample only 1 per cent of households reported using on-site child-care facilities in 2007, while more than 80 per cent of households reported absence of child-care facilities at the last work site in 2009-10. </p><p align="justify">The researchers argue that the effects are due to the increased bargaining power of mothers in household decision-making, namely greater participation of mothers in the labour market increases the say and control that such women have concerning important decisions being made within the household. </p><p align="justify">In more qualitative interviews done outside the survey, Young Lives households reported that accessing the scheme had positive effects on the education of their children - for example, parents were better able to purchase books and clothes - investments in a critical period of a child's life, which could have wider societal returns. </p><p align="justify">Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual households (<a href="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf" title="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf">http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf</a>) also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their children's school education.</p><p align="justify"><em>For full study and more reports please click on the links below:</em></p><p align="justify"><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf" title="Social Protection" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf" title="Social Protection">Social Protection and Poverty Reduction</a>: Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May, 2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands<br /><br /><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf" title="Female Labour Force Participation" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf" title="Female Labour Force Participation">Female Labour-Force Participation</a> and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March 2013, Young Lives </p><p align="justify"><br />MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May, 2012<br /><a href="https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf</a><br /><br />MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, <br /><a href="https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf</a></p><p align="justify">A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-mad<br />e-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html</a><br /><br />Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu, 5 February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rur<br />al-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.htm<br />l</a><br /><br />Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2 February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a<br />-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html</a> <br />&nbsp; <br /><strong>Image Courtesy: <a href="http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg" title="http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg">http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg</a>&nbsp; </strong></p><strong></strong><p align="justify"><strong></strong>&nbsp;</p>'
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MGNREGA improves school enrolment, education

A recent statistical study by Indian researchers suggest that the MNREGA program in rural Andhra Pradesh might be having a positive effect on school enrolment and grades by improving the bargaining power of women within their household, as a consequence of earning wages in the rural job security program. The study is based on data from rural households in 5 districts in Andhra Pradesh and comprised of 3006 children, comparing a range of individual and household statistics from 2007 and 2009-10. The data is from the Young Lives program - a 15-year study of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Vietnam and Peru, which follows the lives of 3,000 children in each country. (See links below)   Unlike the private rural labour market, under MNREGA equal wage rates apply to women and men. Further, the program requires one-third of the beneficiaries to be women, thus emphasizing female employment. The study tried to understand whether a rise in the mother's share of parental NREGA workdays increased the school attendance and grade attainment of her children, particularly girls. The sample was restricted to children in the age group of 5-14 years in 2007, the school-going age group. The study found that in this period the average number of days women worked in the NREGA went up by five times. The time spent in school by children in the reference period (a typical day in the previous week) went up from 5.8 hours in 2007 to almost 7 hours in 2009-10. This increase in time spent in school was largely reflective of more regular school attendance. Further, more time in school translated into better educational attainment. The study finds that this effect is largely on children in the poorest wealth group, and for girls in the household. Could this increase in school attendance be a result of mandatory crèche facilities at MNREGA work sites freeing up children from having to take care of their younger siblings? The researchers argue this is unlikely since in their sample only 1 per cent of households reported using on-site child-care facilities in 2007, while more than 80 per cent of households reported absence of child-care facilities at the last work site in 2009-10. The researchers argue that the effects are due to the increased bargaining power of mothers in household decision-making, namely greater participation of mothers in the labour market increases the say and control that such women have concerning important decisions being made within the household. In more qualitative interviews done outside the survey, Young Lives households reported that accessing the scheme had positive effects on the education of their children - for example, parents were better able to purchase books and clothes - investments in a critical period of a child's life, which could have wider societal returns. Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual households (http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf) also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their children's school education. For full study and more reports please click on the links below: Social Protection and Poverty Reduction: Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May, 2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands Female Labour-Force Participation and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March 2013, Young Lives MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May, 2012 http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006–2012, Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-mad e-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu, 5 February, 2013, http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rur al-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.htm l Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2 February, 2013, http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a -taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html   Image Courtesy: http://priasoft1.tn.nic.in/rdwebsite/schemes/nrega.jpg