Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

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		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 35750,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Size of tax rebates is large as compared to spending by agricultural &amp;amp; rural development ministries&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as &#039;tax expenditures&#039; &lt;em&gt;(an indirect subsidy)&lt;/em&gt; &amp;ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been more than 50 percent of the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare (MoAFW) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) altogether in that year. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In other words, the size of tax concessions and tax breaks, which the corporate sector enjoys, is quite large vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the expenditure made by the agricultural and rural development ministries altogether. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt; as a proportion of total expenditure of the MoAFW and MoRD stands at around 88.7 percent in 2012-13, 76.1 in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. It means that the tax incentives provided to the corporate sector could have been utilized to finance 88.7 percent of the expenses of MoAFW and MoRD altogether in 2012-13, 76.1 percent in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. Please check table-1.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives &amp;amp; rebates to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;was Rs. 68,720.0 crore in 2012-13, Rs. 76,857.7 crore in 2015-16, Rs. 86,144.82 crore in 2016-17 and Rs. 85,026.11 crore in 2017-18. Therefore, one can notice that in terms of absolute numbers, the value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives to the corporate sector) &lt;/em&gt;has more or less grown over the years. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;
Table 1: Total Revenue Foregone due to Tax Incentives to Corporate Tax Payers and Expenditure of Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare and Ministry of Rural Development -- &lt;em&gt;Net of receipts and recoveries&lt;/em&gt; (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Table%201_17.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 1&quot; width=&quot;317&quot; height=&quot;82&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Expenditure by various departments of MoAFW and MoRD has been taken from Expenditure Budget, Volume-2, from 2013-14 to 2018-19, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot;&gt;www.indiabudget.gov.in&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives 
under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, 
Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 
2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 
2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, 
please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access 
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note: &lt;/strong&gt;&#039;RE&#039; means Revised Estimate of Union budget&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-- &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The adjusted figures of 2016-17 and 2017-18 for the two ministries (&lt;em&gt;jointly&lt;/em&gt;) have been derived by deducting the allocation against the head &#039;interest subsidy for short term credit to farmers&#039; from the entire expenditure incurred by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare &lt;em&gt;(under the MoAFW)&lt;/em&gt;. In order to get an idea, please consult the news alert entitled &lt;em&gt;Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access)&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Tax Incentives to various sections&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The total tax revenue foregone as a result of tax concessions and tax breaks given to corporate taxpayers, non-corporate taxpayers &lt;em&gt;[Firms/ Association of Persons (AOPs)/ Body of Individuals (BOIs)]&lt;/em&gt;, individual/ Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) taxpayers and tax breaks and rebates on customs duty and central excise duty actually exceeds the total expenditure incurred by the MoAFW and MoRD by a huge margin. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, from table-1 one gets that the total expenditure of MoAFW and MoRD was Rs. 1,46,388.08 crore in the financial year 2017-18. However, in the same year the total revenue impact of tax incentives is estimated to be Rs. 2,03,983.74 crore. Please consult table-2.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Table 2: Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Table%202_10.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 2&quot; width=&quot;296&quot; height=&quot;172&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Source: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;GDP data (new series, current prices) from 2011-12 to 2016-17 has 
been taken from the Press Note on Provisional Estimates of Annual 
National Income 2016-17 and Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic 
Product for the Fourth Quarter (Q4) of 2016-17, released on 31st May, 
2017, Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and 
Programme Implementation (MoSPI), please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
GDP data (new series, current prices) for 2017-18 (R.E.) has been taken from Budget at a Glance 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Data on total expenditure of the Central government has been taken 
from Budget at a Glance section of the Budget Documents since the year 
2013-14, please click &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access 
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, which is provided in the Annex-7 of the Receipt Budget 2018-19 clearly says  that &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;(t)he tax policy provides specific tax incentives which give rise to tax preferences. Such preferences have a definite revenue impact and can also be viewed as an indirect subsidy to preferred tax payers, also referred to as &#039;tax expenditures&#039;&lt;/em&gt; &amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From the table-2, it can be inferred that the share of total revenue forgone in the country&amp;rsquo;s GDP has declined from 6.1 percent in 2011-12 to 1.2 percent in 2017-18. Similarly, the share of total revenue forgone in the total expenditure of the Central government has reduced from 40.9 percent in 2011-12 to 9.2 percent in 2017-18.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Tax rebates and concessions on customs duty and central excise duty together added about four-fifth of the total revenue foregone between 2011-12 and 2014-15, but since 2015-16 their share in total revenue foregone declined. Please check table-2.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It needs to be mentioned here that the &#039;Statement of Revenue Foregone&#039;, which used to be brought out as a separate statement till 2015-16, has been merged in the Receipts Budget from 2016-17 onwards. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Item-wise expenditure&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If one goes by the expenditure of major items, then according to the Union Budget 2018-19 (please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; The expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was raised from Rs. 64,974 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 70,080 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was less than the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; The expenditure on food subsidy was enhanced from Rs. 1,40,282 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,69,323 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on food subsidy was 1.65 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;
The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities was increased from Rs.
56,589 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 63,836 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities as a proportion of total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;comes around 66.6 percent in 2017-18. It means that the entire budgetary allocation for agriculture and allied activities could have been financed by the money, which was given as tax incentives to the corporate sector. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;
The expenditure on rural development was enhanced from Rs. 1,35,604 crore 
in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,38,097 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on rural development was 1.6 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to the corporate sector)&lt;/em&gt;. 
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Despite Having A Food Security Legislation, Spending On Food Subsidy Is Low, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 31 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 25 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Richest companies have the lowest tax liability -Tina Edwin, The Hindu Business Line, 4 February, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;../latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Himanshu Joshi&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
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	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;NEWS ALERTS | Size of tax rebates is large as compared to spending by agricultural &amp;amp; rural development ministries&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Tax Exemption,Tax Benefits,Tax Incentives,Agriculture,farming,Union Budget,Union Budget 2018-19&#039;,
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Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as &#039;tax expenditures&#039; (an indirect subsidy) &amp;ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as &#039;tax expenditures&#039; &lt;em&gt;(an indirect subsidy)&lt;/em&gt; &amp;ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been more than 50 percent of the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare (MoAFW) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) altogether in that year. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In other words, the size of tax concessions and tax breaks, which the corporate sector enjoys, is quite large vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the expenditure made by the agricultural and rural development ministries altogether. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt; as a proportion of total expenditure of the MoAFW and MoRD stands at around 88.7 percent in 2012-13, 76.1 in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. It means that the tax incentives provided to the corporate sector could have been utilized to finance 88.7 percent of the expenses of MoAFW and MoRD altogether in 2012-13, 76.1 percent in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. Please check table-1.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives &amp;amp; rebates to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;was Rs. 68,720.0 crore in 2012-13, Rs. 76,857.7 crore in 2015-16, Rs. 86,144.82 crore in 2016-17 and Rs. 85,026.11 crore in 2017-18. Therefore, one can notice that in terms of absolute numbers, the value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives to the corporate sector) &lt;/em&gt;has more or less grown over the years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Table 1: Total Revenue Foregone due to Tax Incentives to Corporate Tax Payers and Expenditure of Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare and Ministry of Rural Development -- &lt;em&gt;Net of receipts and recoveries&lt;/em&gt; (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%201_17.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 1&quot; width=&quot;317&quot; height=&quot;82&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Expenditure by various departments of MoAFW and MoRD has been taken from Expenditure Budget, Volume-2, from 2013-14 to 2018-19, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot;&gt;www.indiabudget.gov.in&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note: &lt;/strong&gt;&#039;RE&#039; means Revised Estimate of Union budget&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The adjusted figures of 2016-17 and 2017-18 for the two ministries (&lt;em&gt;jointly&lt;/em&gt;) have been derived by deducting the allocation against the head &#039;interest subsidy for short term credit to farmers&#039; from the entire expenditure incurred by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare &lt;em&gt;(under the MoAFW)&lt;/em&gt;. In order to get an idea, please consult the news alert entitled &lt;em&gt;Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access)&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tax Incentives to various sections&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The total tax revenue foregone as a result of tax concessions and tax breaks given to corporate taxpayers, non-corporate taxpayers &lt;em&gt;[Firms/ Association of Persons (AOPs)/ Body of Individuals (BOIs)]&lt;/em&gt;, individual/ Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) taxpayers and tax breaks and rebates on customs duty and central excise duty actually exceeds the total expenditure incurred by the MoAFW and MoRD by a huge margin. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example, from table-1 one gets that the total expenditure of MoAFW and MoRD was Rs. 1,46,388.08 crore in the financial year 2017-18. However, in the same year the total revenue impact of tax incentives is estimated to be Rs. 2,03,983.74 crore. Please consult table-2.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Table 2: Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%202_10.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 2&quot; width=&quot;296&quot; height=&quot;172&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Source: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;GDP data (new series, current prices) from 2011-12 to 2016-17 has been taken from the Press Note on Provisional Estimates of Annual National Income 2016-17 and Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic Product for the Fourth Quarter (Q4) of 2016-17, released on 31st May, 2017, Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GDP data (new series, current prices) for 2017-18 (R.E.) has been taken from Budget at a Glance 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Data on total expenditure of the Central government has been taken from Budget at a Glance section of the Budget Documents since the year 2013-14, please click &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, which is provided in the Annex-7 of the Receipt Budget 2018-19 clearly says  that &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;(t)he tax policy provides specific tax incentives which give rise to tax preferences. Such preferences have a definite revenue impact and can also be viewed as an indirect subsidy to preferred tax payers, also referred to as &#039;tax expenditures&#039;&lt;/em&gt; &amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From the table-2, it can be inferred that the share of total revenue forgone in the country&amp;rsquo;s GDP has declined from 6.1 percent in 2011-12 to 1.2 percent in 2017-18. Similarly, the share of total revenue forgone in the total expenditure of the Central government has reduced from 40.9 percent in 2011-12 to 9.2 percent in 2017-18.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Tax rebates and concessions on customs duty and central excise duty together added about four-fifth of the total revenue foregone between 2011-12 and 2014-15, but since 2015-16 their share in total revenue foregone declined. Please check table-2.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It needs to be mentioned here that the &#039;Statement of Revenue Foregone&#039;, which used to be brought out as a separate statement till 2015-16, has been merged in the Receipts Budget from 2016-17 onwards. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Item-wise expenditure&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If one goes by the expenditure of major items, then according to the Union Budget 2018-19 (please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull; The expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was raised from Rs. 64,974 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 70,080 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was less than the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull; The expenditure on food subsidy was enhanced from Rs. 1,40,282 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,69,323 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on food subsidy was 1.65 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities was increased from Rs.56,589 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 63,836 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities as a proportion of total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;comes around 66.6 percent in 2017-18. It means that the entire budgetary allocation for agriculture and allied activities could have been financed by the money, which was given as tax incentives to the corporate sector. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;The expenditure on rural development was enhanced from Rs. 1,35,604 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,38,097 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on rural development was 1.6 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to the corporate sector)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite Having A Food Security Legislation, Spending On Food Subsidy Is Low, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 31 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 25 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Richest companies have the lowest tax liability -Tina Edwin, The Hindu Business Line, 4 February, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Himanshu Joshi&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 35750,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Size of tax rebates is large as compared to spending by agricultural &amp;amp; rural development ministries&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as &#039;tax expenditures&#039; &lt;em&gt;(an indirect subsidy)&lt;/em&gt; &amp;ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been more than 50 percent of the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare (MoAFW) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) altogether in that year. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In other words, the size of tax concessions and tax breaks, which the corporate sector enjoys, is quite large vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the expenditure made by the agricultural and rural development ministries altogether. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt; as a proportion of total expenditure of the MoAFW and MoRD stands at around 88.7 percent in 2012-13, 76.1 in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. It means that the tax incentives provided to the corporate sector could have been utilized to finance 88.7 percent of the expenses of MoAFW and MoRD altogether in 2012-13, 76.1 percent in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. Please check table-1.
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&amp;nbsp;
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The value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives &amp;amp; rebates to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;was Rs. 68,720.0 crore in 2012-13, Rs. 76,857.7 crore in 2015-16, Rs. 86,144.82 crore in 2016-17 and Rs. 85,026.11 crore in 2017-18. Therefore, one can notice that in terms of absolute numbers, the value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives to the corporate sector) &lt;/em&gt;has more or less grown over the years. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;
Table 1: Total Revenue Foregone due to Tax Incentives to Corporate Tax Payers and Expenditure of Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare and Ministry of Rural Development -- &lt;em&gt;Net of receipts and recoveries&lt;/em&gt; (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
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&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Table%201_17.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 1&quot; width=&quot;317&quot; height=&quot;82&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Expenditure by various departments of MoAFW and MoRD has been taken from Expenditure Budget, Volume-2, from 2013-14 to 2018-19, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot;&gt;www.indiabudget.gov.in&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives 
under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, 
Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 
2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 
2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, 
please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access 
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note: &lt;/strong&gt;&#039;RE&#039; means Revised Estimate of Union budget&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
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-- &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
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The adjusted figures of 2016-17 and 2017-18 for the two ministries (&lt;em&gt;jointly&lt;/em&gt;) have been derived by deducting the allocation against the head &#039;interest subsidy for short term credit to farmers&#039; from the entire expenditure incurred by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare &lt;em&gt;(under the MoAFW)&lt;/em&gt;. In order to get an idea, please consult the news alert entitled &lt;em&gt;Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access)&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Tax Incentives to various sections&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The total tax revenue foregone as a result of tax concessions and tax breaks given to corporate taxpayers, non-corporate taxpayers &lt;em&gt;[Firms/ Association of Persons (AOPs)/ Body of Individuals (BOIs)]&lt;/em&gt;, individual/ Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) taxpayers and tax breaks and rebates on customs duty and central excise duty actually exceeds the total expenditure incurred by the MoAFW and MoRD by a huge margin. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, from table-1 one gets that the total expenditure of MoAFW and MoRD was Rs. 1,46,388.08 crore in the financial year 2017-18. However, in the same year the total revenue impact of tax incentives is estimated to be Rs. 2,03,983.74 crore. Please consult table-2.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Table 2: Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
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&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Table%202_10.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 2&quot; width=&quot;296&quot; height=&quot;172&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Source: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;GDP data (new series, current prices) from 2011-12 to 2016-17 has 
been taken from the Press Note on Provisional Estimates of Annual 
National Income 2016-17 and Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic 
Product for the Fourth Quarter (Q4) of 2016-17, released on 31st May, 
2017, Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and 
Programme Implementation (MoSPI), please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
GDP data (new series, current prices) for 2017-18 (R.E.) has been taken from Budget at a Glance 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Data on total expenditure of the Central government has been taken 
from Budget at a Glance section of the Budget Documents since the year 
2013-14, please click &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access 
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, which is provided in the Annex-7 of the Receipt Budget 2018-19 clearly says  that &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;(t)he tax policy provides specific tax incentives which give rise to tax preferences. Such preferences have a definite revenue impact and can also be viewed as an indirect subsidy to preferred tax payers, also referred to as &#039;tax expenditures&#039;&lt;/em&gt; &amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From the table-2, it can be inferred that the share of total revenue forgone in the country&amp;rsquo;s GDP has declined from 6.1 percent in 2011-12 to 1.2 percent in 2017-18. Similarly, the share of total revenue forgone in the total expenditure of the Central government has reduced from 40.9 percent in 2011-12 to 9.2 percent in 2017-18.
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&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
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Tax rebates and concessions on customs duty and central excise duty together added about four-fifth of the total revenue foregone between 2011-12 and 2014-15, but since 2015-16 their share in total revenue foregone declined. Please check table-2.
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
It needs to be mentioned here that the &#039;Statement of Revenue Foregone&#039;, which used to be brought out as a separate statement till 2015-16, has been merged in the Receipts Budget from 2016-17 onwards. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;em&gt;Item-wise expenditure&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If one goes by the expenditure of major items, then according to the Union Budget 2018-19 (please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; The expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was raised from Rs. 64,974 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 70,080 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was less than the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; The expenditure on food subsidy was enhanced from Rs. 1,40,282 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,69,323 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on food subsidy was 1.65 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;
The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities was increased from Rs.
56,589 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 63,836 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities as a proportion of total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;comes around 66.6 percent in 2017-18. It means that the entire budgetary allocation for agriculture and allied activities could have been financed by the money, which was given as tax incentives to the corporate sector. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;
The expenditure on rural development was enhanced from Rs. 1,35,604 crore 
in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,38,097 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on rural development was 1.6 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to the corporate sector)&lt;/em&gt;. 
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&amp;nbsp;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Despite Having A Food Security Legislation, Spending On Food Subsidy Is Low, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 31 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 25 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Richest companies have the lowest tax liability -Tina Edwin, The Hindu Business Line, 4 February, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;../latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Himanshu Joshi&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
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$metaTitle = &#039;NEWS ALERTS | Size of tax rebates is large as compared to spending by agricultural &amp;amp; rural development ministries&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Tax Exemption,Tax Benefits,Tax Incentives,Agriculture,farming,Union Budget,Union Budget 2018-19&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;

Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as &#039;tax expenditures&#039; (an indirect subsidy) &amp;ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as &#039;tax expenditures&#039; &lt;em&gt;(an indirect subsidy)&lt;/em&gt; &amp;ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been more than 50 percent of the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare (MoAFW) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) altogether in that year. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In other words, the size of tax concessions and tax breaks, which the corporate sector enjoys, is quite large vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the expenditure made by the agricultural and rural development ministries altogether. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt; as a proportion of total expenditure of the MoAFW and MoRD stands at around 88.7 percent in 2012-13, 76.1 in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. It means that the tax incentives provided to the corporate sector could have been utilized to finance 88.7 percent of the expenses of MoAFW and MoRD altogether in 2012-13, 76.1 percent in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. Please check table-1.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives &amp;amp; rebates to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;was Rs. 68,720.0 crore in 2012-13, Rs. 76,857.7 crore in 2015-16, Rs. 86,144.82 crore in 2016-17 and Rs. 85,026.11 crore in 2017-18. Therefore, one can notice that in terms of absolute numbers, the value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives to the corporate sector) &lt;/em&gt;has more or less grown over the years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Table 1: Total Revenue Foregone due to Tax Incentives to Corporate Tax Payers and Expenditure of Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare and Ministry of Rural Development -- &lt;em&gt;Net of receipts and recoveries&lt;/em&gt; (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%201_17.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 1&quot; width=&quot;317&quot; height=&quot;82&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Expenditure by various departments of MoAFW and MoRD has been taken from Expenditure Budget, Volume-2, from 2013-14 to 2018-19, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot;&gt;www.indiabudget.gov.in&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note: &lt;/strong&gt;&#039;RE&#039; means Revised Estimate of Union budget&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The adjusted figures of 2016-17 and 2017-18 for the two ministries (&lt;em&gt;jointly&lt;/em&gt;) have been derived by deducting the allocation against the head &#039;interest subsidy for short term credit to farmers&#039; from the entire expenditure incurred by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare &lt;em&gt;(under the MoAFW)&lt;/em&gt;. In order to get an idea, please consult the news alert entitled &lt;em&gt;Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access)&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tax Incentives to various sections&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The total tax revenue foregone as a result of tax concessions and tax breaks given to corporate taxpayers, non-corporate taxpayers &lt;em&gt;[Firms/ Association of Persons (AOPs)/ Body of Individuals (BOIs)]&lt;/em&gt;, individual/ Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) taxpayers and tax breaks and rebates on customs duty and central excise duty actually exceeds the total expenditure incurred by the MoAFW and MoRD by a huge margin. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example, from table-1 one gets that the total expenditure of MoAFW and MoRD was Rs. 1,46,388.08 crore in the financial year 2017-18. However, in the same year the total revenue impact of tax incentives is estimated to be Rs. 2,03,983.74 crore. Please consult table-2.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Table 2: Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%202_10.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 2&quot; width=&quot;296&quot; height=&quot;172&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Source: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;GDP data (new series, current prices) from 2011-12 to 2016-17 has been taken from the Press Note on Provisional Estimates of Annual National Income 2016-17 and Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic Product for the Fourth Quarter (Q4) of 2016-17, released on 31st May, 2017, Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GDP data (new series, current prices) for 2017-18 (R.E.) has been taken from Budget at a Glance 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Data on total expenditure of the Central government has been taken from Budget at a Glance section of the Budget Documents since the year 2013-14, please click &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, which is provided in the Annex-7 of the Receipt Budget 2018-19 clearly says  that &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;(t)he tax policy provides specific tax incentives which give rise to tax preferences. Such preferences have a definite revenue impact and can also be viewed as an indirect subsidy to preferred tax payers, also referred to as &#039;tax expenditures&#039;&lt;/em&gt; &amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From the table-2, it can be inferred that the share of total revenue forgone in the country&amp;rsquo;s GDP has declined from 6.1 percent in 2011-12 to 1.2 percent in 2017-18. Similarly, the share of total revenue forgone in the total expenditure of the Central government has reduced from 40.9 percent in 2011-12 to 9.2 percent in 2017-18.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Tax rebates and concessions on customs duty and central excise duty together added about four-fifth of the total revenue foregone between 2011-12 and 2014-15, but since 2015-16 their share in total revenue foregone declined. Please check table-2.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It needs to be mentioned here that the &#039;Statement of Revenue Foregone&#039;, which used to be brought out as a separate statement till 2015-16, has been merged in the Receipts Budget from 2016-17 onwards. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Item-wise expenditure&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If one goes by the expenditure of major items, then according to the Union Budget 2018-19 (please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull; The expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was raised from Rs. 64,974 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 70,080 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was less than the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull; The expenditure on food subsidy was enhanced from Rs. 1,40,282 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,69,323 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on food subsidy was 1.65 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities was increased from Rs.56,589 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 63,836 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities as a proportion of total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;comes around 66.6 percent in 2017-18. It means that the entire budgetary allocation for agriculture and allied activities could have been financed by the money, which was given as tax incentives to the corporate sector. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;The expenditure on rural development was enhanced from Rs. 1,35,604 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,38,097 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on rural development was 1.6 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to the corporate sector)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite Having A Food Security Legislation, Spending On Food Subsidy Is Low, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 31 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 25 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Richest companies have the lowest tax liability -Tina Edwin, The Hindu Business Line, 4 February, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Himanshu Joshi&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as 'tax expenditures' (an indirect subsidy) &ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been..."/>
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                <strong>Size of tax rebates is large as compared to spending by agricultural &amp; rural development ministries</strong></h1>
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                <br /><div align="justify">Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as 'tax expenditures' <em>(an indirect subsidy)</em> &ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been more than 50 percent of the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Agriculture &amp; Farmers Welfare (MoAFW) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) altogether in that year. <br /><br />In other words, the size of tax concessions and tax breaks, which the corporate sector enjoys, is quite large vis-&agrave;-vis the expenditure made by the agricultural and rural development ministries altogether. &nbsp;<br /><br />The total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)</em> as a proportion of total expenditure of the MoAFW and MoRD stands at around 88.7 percent in 2012-13, 76.1 in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. It means that the tax incentives provided to the corporate sector could have been utilized to finance 88.7 percent of the expenses of MoAFW and MoRD altogether in 2012-13, 76.1 percent in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. Please check table-1.</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">The value of revenue foregone <em>(owing to tax incentives &amp; rebates to corporate taxpayers) </em>was Rs. 68,720.0 crore in 2012-13, Rs. 76,857.7 crore in 2015-16, Rs. 86,144.82 crore in 2016-17 and Rs. 85,026.11 crore in 2017-18. Therefore, one can notice that in terms of absolute numbers, the value of revenue foregone <em>(owing to tax incentives to the corporate sector) </em>has more or less grown over the years. <br /><br /><strong>Table 1: Total Revenue Foregone due to Tax Incentives to Corporate Tax Payers and Expenditure of Ministry of Agriculture &amp; Farmers Welfare and Ministry of Rural Development -- <em>Net of receipts and recoveries</em> (in Rs. crore)<br /></strong></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%201_17.jpg" alt="Table 1" width="317" height="82" /><br /><br /><em><strong>Source: </strong></em><em>Expenditure by various departments of MoAFW and MoRD has been taken from Expenditure Budget, Volume-2, from 2013-14 to 2018-19, </em><a href="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in" title="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in" title="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in" title="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in">www.indiabudget.gov.in</a><em> &nbsp;</em> <br /><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19">click here</a> to access <br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18">click here</a> to access &nbsp;&nbsp; <br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17">click here</a> to access<br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16">click here</a> to access <br /></em><br /><em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15">click here</a> to access</em><em></em><div align="justify"><em></em><br /><em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&nbsp; please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14">click here</a> to access </em></div><em></em><div align="justify"><em></em><br /></div></div><div align="justify"><em><strong>Note: </strong>'RE' means Revised Estimate of Union budget<br /></em></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">-- <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">The adjusted figures of 2016-17 and 2017-18 for the two ministries (<em>jointly</em>) have been derived by deducting the allocation against the head 'interest subsidy for short term credit to farmers' from the entire expenditure incurred by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare <em>(under the MoAFW)</em>. In order to get an idea, please consult the news alert entitled <em>Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget</em> <em>(please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html">click here</a> to access)</em>.&nbsp; <br /><br /><em>Tax Incentives to various sections<br /></em><br />The total tax revenue foregone as a result of tax concessions and tax breaks given to corporate taxpayers, non-corporate taxpayers <em>[Firms/ Association of Persons (AOPs)/ Body of Individuals (BOIs)]</em>, individual/ Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) taxpayers and tax breaks and rebates on customs duty and central excise duty actually exceeds the total expenditure incurred by the MoAFW and MoRD by a huge margin. <br /><br />For example, from table-1 one gets that the total expenditure of MoAFW and MoRD was Rs. 1,46,388.08 crore in the financial year 2017-18. However, in the same year the total revenue impact of tax incentives is estimated to be Rs. 2,03,983.74 crore. Please consult table-2.<br /><br /><strong>Table 2: Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System (in Rs. crore)<br /></strong></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%202_10.jpg" alt="Table 2" width="296" height="172" /><br /><br /><strong><em>Source: <br /></em></strong><br /><em>GDP data (new series, current prices) from 2011-12 to 2016-17 has been taken from the Press Note on Provisional Estimates of Annual National Income 2016-17 and Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic Product for the Fourth Quarter (Q4) of 2016-17, released on 31st May, 2017, Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf" title="PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf" title="PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17">click here</a> to access</em></div><div align="justify"><em><br />GDP data (new series, current prices) for 2017-18 (R.E.) has been taken from Budget at a Glance 2018-19, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf">click here</a> to access</em> <br /><br /><em>Data on total expenditure of the Central government has been taken from Budget at a Glance section of the Budget Documents since the year 2013-14, please click <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12">here</a>, <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13">here</a>, <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14">here</a>, <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15">here</a> <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16">here</a> and <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19">here</a> to access</em></div><div align="justify"><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19">click here</a> to access <br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18">click here</a> to access &nbsp;&nbsp; <br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17">click here</a> to access<br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16">click here</a> to access <br /></em><br /><em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15">click here</a> to access</em></div><em></em><div align="justify"><em></em><br /><em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&nbsp; please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14">click here</a> to access </em></div><em></em><div align="justify"><em></em><br />--<br /><br />The Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, which is provided in the Annex-7 of the Receipt Budget 2018-19 clearly says  that &quot;<em>(t)he tax policy provides specific tax incentives which give rise to tax preferences. Such preferences have a definite revenue impact and can also be viewed as an indirect subsidy to preferred tax payers, also referred to as 'tax expenditures'</em> &rdquo;.<br /><br />From the table-2, it can be inferred that the share of total revenue forgone in the country&rsquo;s GDP has declined from 6.1 percent in 2011-12 to 1.2 percent in 2017-18. Similarly, the share of total revenue forgone in the total expenditure of the Central government has reduced from 40.9 percent in 2011-12 to 9.2 percent in 2017-18.</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">Tax rebates and concessions on customs duty and central excise duty together added about four-fifth of the total revenue foregone between 2011-12 and 2014-15, but since 2015-16 their share in total revenue foregone declined. Please check table-2.</div><div align="justify"><br />It needs to be mentioned here that the 'Statement of Revenue Foregone', which used to be brought out as a separate statement till 2015-16, has been merged in the Receipts Budget from 2016-17 onwards. <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><em>Item-wise expenditure</em></div><div align="justify"><br />If one goes by the expenditure of major items, then according to the Union Budget 2018-19 (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India">click here</a> to access):<br /><br />&bull; The expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was raised from Rs. 64,974 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 70,080 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was less than the total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)</em>. <br /><br />&bull; The expenditure on food subsidy was enhanced from Rs. 1,40,282 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,69,323 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on food subsidy was 1.65 times the total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)</em>. <br /><br />&bull;The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities was increased from Rs.56,589 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 63,836 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities as a proportion of total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers) </em>comes around 66.6 percent in 2017-18. It means that the entire budgetary allocation for agriculture and allied activities could have been financed by the money, which was given as tax incentives to the corporate sector. <br /><br />&bull;The expenditure on rural development was enhanced from Rs. 1,35,604 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,38,097 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on rural development was 1.6 times the total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to the corporate sector)</em>. </div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><strong><em>References:<br /></em></strong><br />Despite Having A Food Security Legislation, Spending On Food Subsidy Is Low, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 31 January, 2018, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /><br />Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 25 January, 2018, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br /><br />Richest companies have the lowest tax liability -Tina Edwin, The Hindu Business Line, 4 February, 2018, please <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><strong>Image Courtesy: Himanshu Joshi</strong> <br /></div>               </font>
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		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 35750,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Size of tax rebates is large as compared to spending by agricultural &amp;amp; rural development ministries&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as &#039;tax expenditures&#039; &lt;em&gt;(an indirect subsidy)&lt;/em&gt; &amp;ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been more than 50 percent of the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare (MoAFW) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) altogether in that year. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In other words, the size of tax concessions and tax breaks, which the corporate sector enjoys, is quite large vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the expenditure made by the agricultural and rural development ministries altogether. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt; as a proportion of total expenditure of the MoAFW and MoRD stands at around 88.7 percent in 2012-13, 76.1 in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. It means that the tax incentives provided to the corporate sector could have been utilized to finance 88.7 percent of the expenses of MoAFW and MoRD altogether in 2012-13, 76.1 percent in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. Please check table-1.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives &amp;amp; rebates to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;was Rs. 68,720.0 crore in 2012-13, Rs. 76,857.7 crore in 2015-16, Rs. 86,144.82 crore in 2016-17 and Rs. 85,026.11 crore in 2017-18. Therefore, one can notice that in terms of absolute numbers, the value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives to the corporate sector) &lt;/em&gt;has more or less grown over the years. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;
Table 1: Total Revenue Foregone due to Tax Incentives to Corporate Tax Payers and Expenditure of Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare and Ministry of Rural Development -- &lt;em&gt;Net of receipts and recoveries&lt;/em&gt; (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Table%201_17.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 1&quot; width=&quot;317&quot; height=&quot;82&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Expenditure by various departments of MoAFW and MoRD has been taken from Expenditure Budget, Volume-2, from 2013-14 to 2018-19, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot;&gt;www.indiabudget.gov.in&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives 
under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, 
Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 
2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 
2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, 
please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access 
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note: &lt;/strong&gt;&#039;RE&#039; means Revised Estimate of Union budget&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
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-- &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
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The adjusted figures of 2016-17 and 2017-18 for the two ministries (&lt;em&gt;jointly&lt;/em&gt;) have been derived by deducting the allocation against the head &#039;interest subsidy for short term credit to farmers&#039; from the entire expenditure incurred by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare &lt;em&gt;(under the MoAFW)&lt;/em&gt;. In order to get an idea, please consult the news alert entitled &lt;em&gt;Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access)&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Tax Incentives to various sections&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The total tax revenue foregone as a result of tax concessions and tax breaks given to corporate taxpayers, non-corporate taxpayers &lt;em&gt;[Firms/ Association of Persons (AOPs)/ Body of Individuals (BOIs)]&lt;/em&gt;, individual/ Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) taxpayers and tax breaks and rebates on customs duty and central excise duty actually exceeds the total expenditure incurred by the MoAFW and MoRD by a huge margin. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, from table-1 one gets that the total expenditure of MoAFW and MoRD was Rs. 1,46,388.08 crore in the financial year 2017-18. However, in the same year the total revenue impact of tax incentives is estimated to be Rs. 2,03,983.74 crore. Please consult table-2.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Table 2: Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Table%202_10.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 2&quot; width=&quot;296&quot; height=&quot;172&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Source: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;GDP data (new series, current prices) from 2011-12 to 2016-17 has 
been taken from the Press Note on Provisional Estimates of Annual 
National Income 2016-17 and Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic 
Product for the Fourth Quarter (Q4) of 2016-17, released on 31st May, 
2017, Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and 
Programme Implementation (MoSPI), please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
GDP data (new series, current prices) for 2017-18 (R.E.) has been taken from Budget at a Glance 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Data on total expenditure of the Central government has been taken 
from Budget at a Glance section of the Budget Documents since the year 
2013-14, please click &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access 
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, which is provided in the Annex-7 of the Receipt Budget 2018-19 clearly says  that &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;(t)he tax policy provides specific tax incentives which give rise to tax preferences. Such preferences have a definite revenue impact and can also be viewed as an indirect subsidy to preferred tax payers, also referred to as &#039;tax expenditures&#039;&lt;/em&gt; &amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From the table-2, it can be inferred that the share of total revenue forgone in the country&amp;rsquo;s GDP has declined from 6.1 percent in 2011-12 to 1.2 percent in 2017-18. Similarly, the share of total revenue forgone in the total expenditure of the Central government has reduced from 40.9 percent in 2011-12 to 9.2 percent in 2017-18.
&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Tax rebates and concessions on customs duty and central excise duty together added about four-fifth of the total revenue foregone between 2011-12 and 2014-15, but since 2015-16 their share in total revenue foregone declined. Please check table-2.
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
It needs to be mentioned here that the &#039;Statement of Revenue Foregone&#039;, which used to be brought out as a separate statement till 2015-16, has been merged in the Receipts Budget from 2016-17 onwards. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;em&gt;Item-wise expenditure&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If one goes by the expenditure of major items, then according to the Union Budget 2018-19 (please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; The expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was raised from Rs. 64,974 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 70,080 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was less than the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; The expenditure on food subsidy was enhanced from Rs. 1,40,282 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,69,323 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on food subsidy was 1.65 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;
The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities was increased from Rs.
56,589 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 63,836 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities as a proportion of total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;comes around 66.6 percent in 2017-18. It means that the entire budgetary allocation for agriculture and allied activities could have been financed by the money, which was given as tax incentives to the corporate sector. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;
The expenditure on rural development was enhanced from Rs. 1,35,604 crore 
in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,38,097 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on rural development was 1.6 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to the corporate sector)&lt;/em&gt;. 
&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Despite Having A Food Security Legislation, Spending On Food Subsidy Is Low, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 31 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 25 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Richest companies have the lowest tax liability -Tina Edwin, The Hindu Business Line, 4 February, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;../latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Himanshu Joshi&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
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	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;NEWS ALERTS | Size of tax rebates is large as compared to spending by agricultural &amp;amp; rural development ministries&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Tax Exemption,Tax Benefits,Tax Incentives,Agriculture,farming,Union Budget,Union Budget 2018-19&#039;,
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Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as &#039;tax expenditures&#039; (an indirect subsidy) &amp;ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as &#039;tax expenditures&#039; &lt;em&gt;(an indirect subsidy)&lt;/em&gt; &amp;ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been more than 50 percent of the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare (MoAFW) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) altogether in that year. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In other words, the size of tax concessions and tax breaks, which the corporate sector enjoys, is quite large vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the expenditure made by the agricultural and rural development ministries altogether. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt; as a proportion of total expenditure of the MoAFW and MoRD stands at around 88.7 percent in 2012-13, 76.1 in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. It means that the tax incentives provided to the corporate sector could have been utilized to finance 88.7 percent of the expenses of MoAFW and MoRD altogether in 2012-13, 76.1 percent in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. Please check table-1.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives &amp;amp; rebates to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;was Rs. 68,720.0 crore in 2012-13, Rs. 76,857.7 crore in 2015-16, Rs. 86,144.82 crore in 2016-17 and Rs. 85,026.11 crore in 2017-18. Therefore, one can notice that in terms of absolute numbers, the value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives to the corporate sector) &lt;/em&gt;has more or less grown over the years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Table 1: Total Revenue Foregone due to Tax Incentives to Corporate Tax Payers and Expenditure of Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare and Ministry of Rural Development -- &lt;em&gt;Net of receipts and recoveries&lt;/em&gt; (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%201_17.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 1&quot; width=&quot;317&quot; height=&quot;82&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Expenditure by various departments of MoAFW and MoRD has been taken from Expenditure Budget, Volume-2, from 2013-14 to 2018-19, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot;&gt;www.indiabudget.gov.in&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note: &lt;/strong&gt;&#039;RE&#039; means Revised Estimate of Union budget&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The adjusted figures of 2016-17 and 2017-18 for the two ministries (&lt;em&gt;jointly&lt;/em&gt;) have been derived by deducting the allocation against the head &#039;interest subsidy for short term credit to farmers&#039; from the entire expenditure incurred by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare &lt;em&gt;(under the MoAFW)&lt;/em&gt;. In order to get an idea, please consult the news alert entitled &lt;em&gt;Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access)&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tax Incentives to various sections&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The total tax revenue foregone as a result of tax concessions and tax breaks given to corporate taxpayers, non-corporate taxpayers &lt;em&gt;[Firms/ Association of Persons (AOPs)/ Body of Individuals (BOIs)]&lt;/em&gt;, individual/ Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) taxpayers and tax breaks and rebates on customs duty and central excise duty actually exceeds the total expenditure incurred by the MoAFW and MoRD by a huge margin. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example, from table-1 one gets that the total expenditure of MoAFW and MoRD was Rs. 1,46,388.08 crore in the financial year 2017-18. However, in the same year the total revenue impact of tax incentives is estimated to be Rs. 2,03,983.74 crore. Please consult table-2.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Table 2: Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%202_10.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 2&quot; width=&quot;296&quot; height=&quot;172&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Source: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;GDP data (new series, current prices) from 2011-12 to 2016-17 has been taken from the Press Note on Provisional Estimates of Annual National Income 2016-17 and Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic Product for the Fourth Quarter (Q4) of 2016-17, released on 31st May, 2017, Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GDP data (new series, current prices) for 2017-18 (R.E.) has been taken from Budget at a Glance 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Data on total expenditure of the Central government has been taken from Budget at a Glance section of the Budget Documents since the year 2013-14, please click &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, which is provided in the Annex-7 of the Receipt Budget 2018-19 clearly says  that &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;(t)he tax policy provides specific tax incentives which give rise to tax preferences. Such preferences have a definite revenue impact and can also be viewed as an indirect subsidy to preferred tax payers, also referred to as &#039;tax expenditures&#039;&lt;/em&gt; &amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From the table-2, it can be inferred that the share of total revenue forgone in the country&amp;rsquo;s GDP has declined from 6.1 percent in 2011-12 to 1.2 percent in 2017-18. Similarly, the share of total revenue forgone in the total expenditure of the Central government has reduced from 40.9 percent in 2011-12 to 9.2 percent in 2017-18.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Tax rebates and concessions on customs duty and central excise duty together added about four-fifth of the total revenue foregone between 2011-12 and 2014-15, but since 2015-16 their share in total revenue foregone declined. Please check table-2.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It needs to be mentioned here that the &#039;Statement of Revenue Foregone&#039;, which used to be brought out as a separate statement till 2015-16, has been merged in the Receipts Budget from 2016-17 onwards. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Item-wise expenditure&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If one goes by the expenditure of major items, then according to the Union Budget 2018-19 (please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull; The expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was raised from Rs. 64,974 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 70,080 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was less than the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull; The expenditure on food subsidy was enhanced from Rs. 1,40,282 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,69,323 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on food subsidy was 1.65 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities was increased from Rs.56,589 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 63,836 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities as a proportion of total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;comes around 66.6 percent in 2017-18. It means that the entire budgetary allocation for agriculture and allied activities could have been financed by the money, which was given as tax incentives to the corporate sector. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;The expenditure on rural development was enhanced from Rs. 1,35,604 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,38,097 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on rural development was 1.6 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to the corporate sector)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite Having A Food Security Legislation, Spending On Food Subsidy Is Low, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 31 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 25 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Richest companies have the lowest tax liability -Tina Edwin, The Hindu Business Line, 4 February, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Himanshu Joshi&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Size of tax rebates is large as compared to spending by agricultural &amp;amp; rural development ministries&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as &#039;tax expenditures&#039; &lt;em&gt;(an indirect subsidy)&lt;/em&gt; &amp;ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been more than 50 percent of the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare (MoAFW) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) altogether in that year. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In other words, the size of tax concessions and tax breaks, which the corporate sector enjoys, is quite large vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the expenditure made by the agricultural and rural development ministries altogether. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt; as a proportion of total expenditure of the MoAFW and MoRD stands at around 88.7 percent in 2012-13, 76.1 in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. It means that the tax incentives provided to the corporate sector could have been utilized to finance 88.7 percent of the expenses of MoAFW and MoRD altogether in 2012-13, 76.1 percent in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. Please check table-1.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives &amp;amp; rebates to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;was Rs. 68,720.0 crore in 2012-13, Rs. 76,857.7 crore in 2015-16, Rs. 86,144.82 crore in 2016-17 and Rs. 85,026.11 crore in 2017-18. Therefore, one can notice that in terms of absolute numbers, the value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives to the corporate sector) &lt;/em&gt;has more or less grown over the years. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;
Table 1: Total Revenue Foregone due to Tax Incentives to Corporate Tax Payers and Expenditure of Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare and Ministry of Rural Development -- &lt;em&gt;Net of receipts and recoveries&lt;/em&gt; (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Table%201_17.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 1&quot; width=&quot;317&quot; height=&quot;82&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Expenditure by various departments of MoAFW and MoRD has been taken from Expenditure Budget, Volume-2, from 2013-14 to 2018-19, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot;&gt;www.indiabudget.gov.in&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives 
under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, 
Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 
2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 
2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, 
please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access 
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note: &lt;/strong&gt;&#039;RE&#039; means Revised Estimate of Union budget&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-- &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
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The adjusted figures of 2016-17 and 2017-18 for the two ministries (&lt;em&gt;jointly&lt;/em&gt;) have been derived by deducting the allocation against the head &#039;interest subsidy for short term credit to farmers&#039; from the entire expenditure incurred by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare &lt;em&gt;(under the MoAFW)&lt;/em&gt;. In order to get an idea, please consult the news alert entitled &lt;em&gt;Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access)&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Tax Incentives to various sections&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The total tax revenue foregone as a result of tax concessions and tax breaks given to corporate taxpayers, non-corporate taxpayers &lt;em&gt;[Firms/ Association of Persons (AOPs)/ Body of Individuals (BOIs)]&lt;/em&gt;, individual/ Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) taxpayers and tax breaks and rebates on customs duty and central excise duty actually exceeds the total expenditure incurred by the MoAFW and MoRD by a huge margin. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, from table-1 one gets that the total expenditure of MoAFW and MoRD was Rs. 1,46,388.08 crore in the financial year 2017-18. However, in the same year the total revenue impact of tax incentives is estimated to be Rs. 2,03,983.74 crore. Please consult table-2.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Table 2: Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Table%202_10.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 2&quot; width=&quot;296&quot; height=&quot;172&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Source: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;GDP data (new series, current prices) from 2011-12 to 2016-17 has 
been taken from the Press Note on Provisional Estimates of Annual 
National Income 2016-17 and Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic 
Product for the Fourth Quarter (Q4) of 2016-17, released on 31st May, 
2017, Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and 
Programme Implementation (MoSPI), please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
GDP data (new series, current prices) for 2017-18 (R.E.) has been taken from Budget at a Glance 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Data on total expenditure of the Central government has been taken 
from Budget at a Glance section of the Budget Documents since the year 
2013-14, please click &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access 
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, which is provided in the Annex-7 of the Receipt Budget 2018-19 clearly says  that &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;(t)he tax policy provides specific tax incentives which give rise to tax preferences. Such preferences have a definite revenue impact and can also be viewed as an indirect subsidy to preferred tax payers, also referred to as &#039;tax expenditures&#039;&lt;/em&gt; &amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From the table-2, it can be inferred that the share of total revenue forgone in the country&amp;rsquo;s GDP has declined from 6.1 percent in 2011-12 to 1.2 percent in 2017-18. Similarly, the share of total revenue forgone in the total expenditure of the Central government has reduced from 40.9 percent in 2011-12 to 9.2 percent in 2017-18.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Tax rebates and concessions on customs duty and central excise duty together added about four-fifth of the total revenue foregone between 2011-12 and 2014-15, but since 2015-16 their share in total revenue foregone declined. Please check table-2.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It needs to be mentioned here that the &#039;Statement of Revenue Foregone&#039;, which used to be brought out as a separate statement till 2015-16, has been merged in the Receipts Budget from 2016-17 onwards. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Item-wise expenditure&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If one goes by the expenditure of major items, then according to the Union Budget 2018-19 (please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; The expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was raised from Rs. 64,974 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 70,080 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was less than the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; The expenditure on food subsidy was enhanced from Rs. 1,40,282 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,69,323 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on food subsidy was 1.65 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;
The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities was increased from Rs.
56,589 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 63,836 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities as a proportion of total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;comes around 66.6 percent in 2017-18. It means that the entire budgetary allocation for agriculture and allied activities could have been financed by the money, which was given as tax incentives to the corporate sector. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;
The expenditure on rural development was enhanced from Rs. 1,35,604 crore 
in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,38,097 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on rural development was 1.6 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to the corporate sector)&lt;/em&gt;. 
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Despite Having A Food Security Legislation, Spending On Food Subsidy Is Low, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 31 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 25 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Richest companies have the lowest tax liability -Tina Edwin, The Hindu Business Line, 4 February, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;../latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Himanshu Joshi&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
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$metaTitle = &#039;NEWS ALERTS | Size of tax rebates is large as compared to spending by agricultural &amp;amp; rural development ministries&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Tax Exemption,Tax Benefits,Tax Incentives,Agriculture,farming,Union Budget,Union Budget 2018-19&#039;
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Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as &#039;tax expenditures&#039; (an indirect subsidy) &amp;ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as &#039;tax expenditures&#039; &lt;em&gt;(an indirect subsidy)&lt;/em&gt; &amp;ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been more than 50 percent of the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare (MoAFW) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) altogether in that year. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In other words, the size of tax concessions and tax breaks, which the corporate sector enjoys, is quite large vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the expenditure made by the agricultural and rural development ministries altogether. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt; as a proportion of total expenditure of the MoAFW and MoRD stands at around 88.7 percent in 2012-13, 76.1 in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. It means that the tax incentives provided to the corporate sector could have been utilized to finance 88.7 percent of the expenses of MoAFW and MoRD altogether in 2012-13, 76.1 percent in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. Please check table-1.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives &amp;amp; rebates to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;was Rs. 68,720.0 crore in 2012-13, Rs. 76,857.7 crore in 2015-16, Rs. 86,144.82 crore in 2016-17 and Rs. 85,026.11 crore in 2017-18. Therefore, one can notice that in terms of absolute numbers, the value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives to the corporate sector) &lt;/em&gt;has more or less grown over the years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Table 1: Total Revenue Foregone due to Tax Incentives to Corporate Tax Payers and Expenditure of Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare and Ministry of Rural Development -- &lt;em&gt;Net of receipts and recoveries&lt;/em&gt; (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%201_17.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 1&quot; width=&quot;317&quot; height=&quot;82&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Expenditure by various departments of MoAFW and MoRD has been taken from Expenditure Budget, Volume-2, from 2013-14 to 2018-19, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot;&gt;www.indiabudget.gov.in&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note: &lt;/strong&gt;&#039;RE&#039; means Revised Estimate of Union budget&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The adjusted figures of 2016-17 and 2017-18 for the two ministries (&lt;em&gt;jointly&lt;/em&gt;) have been derived by deducting the allocation against the head &#039;interest subsidy for short term credit to farmers&#039; from the entire expenditure incurred by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare &lt;em&gt;(under the MoAFW)&lt;/em&gt;. In order to get an idea, please consult the news alert entitled &lt;em&gt;Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access)&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tax Incentives to various sections&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The total tax revenue foregone as a result of tax concessions and tax breaks given to corporate taxpayers, non-corporate taxpayers &lt;em&gt;[Firms/ Association of Persons (AOPs)/ Body of Individuals (BOIs)]&lt;/em&gt;, individual/ Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) taxpayers and tax breaks and rebates on customs duty and central excise duty actually exceeds the total expenditure incurred by the MoAFW and MoRD by a huge margin. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example, from table-1 one gets that the total expenditure of MoAFW and MoRD was Rs. 1,46,388.08 crore in the financial year 2017-18. However, in the same year the total revenue impact of tax incentives is estimated to be Rs. 2,03,983.74 crore. Please consult table-2.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Table 2: Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%202_10.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 2&quot; width=&quot;296&quot; height=&quot;172&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Source: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;GDP data (new series, current prices) from 2011-12 to 2016-17 has been taken from the Press Note on Provisional Estimates of Annual National Income 2016-17 and Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic Product for the Fourth Quarter (Q4) of 2016-17, released on 31st May, 2017, Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GDP data (new series, current prices) for 2017-18 (R.E.) has been taken from Budget at a Glance 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Data on total expenditure of the Central government has been taken from Budget at a Glance section of the Budget Documents since the year 2013-14, please click &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, which is provided in the Annex-7 of the Receipt Budget 2018-19 clearly says  that &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;(t)he tax policy provides specific tax incentives which give rise to tax preferences. Such preferences have a definite revenue impact and can also be viewed as an indirect subsidy to preferred tax payers, also referred to as &#039;tax expenditures&#039;&lt;/em&gt; &amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From the table-2, it can be inferred that the share of total revenue forgone in the country&amp;rsquo;s GDP has declined from 6.1 percent in 2011-12 to 1.2 percent in 2017-18. Similarly, the share of total revenue forgone in the total expenditure of the Central government has reduced from 40.9 percent in 2011-12 to 9.2 percent in 2017-18.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Tax rebates and concessions on customs duty and central excise duty together added about four-fifth of the total revenue foregone between 2011-12 and 2014-15, but since 2015-16 their share in total revenue foregone declined. Please check table-2.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It needs to be mentioned here that the &#039;Statement of Revenue Foregone&#039;, which used to be brought out as a separate statement till 2015-16, has been merged in the Receipts Budget from 2016-17 onwards. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Item-wise expenditure&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If one goes by the expenditure of major items, then according to the Union Budget 2018-19 (please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull; The expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was raised from Rs. 64,974 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 70,080 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was less than the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull; The expenditure on food subsidy was enhanced from Rs. 1,40,282 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,69,323 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on food subsidy was 1.65 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities was increased from Rs.56,589 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 63,836 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities as a proportion of total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;comes around 66.6 percent in 2017-18. It means that the entire budgetary allocation for agriculture and allied activities could have been financed by the money, which was given as tax incentives to the corporate sector. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;The expenditure on rural development was enhanced from Rs. 1,35,604 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,38,097 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on rural development was 1.6 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to the corporate sector)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite Having A Food Security Legislation, Spending On Food Subsidy Is Low, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 31 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 25 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Richest companies have the lowest tax liability -Tina Edwin, The Hindu Business Line, 4 February, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Himanshu Joshi&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>news-alerts-57/size-of-tax-rebates-is-large-as-compared-to-spending-by-agricultural-rural-development-ministries-4683857.html"/>
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Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as 'tax expenditures' (an indirect subsidy) &ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been..."/>
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                <strong>Size of tax rebates is large as compared to spending by agricultural &amp; rural development ministries</strong></h1>
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                <br /><div align="justify">Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as 'tax expenditures' <em>(an indirect subsidy)</em> &ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been more than 50 percent of the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Agriculture &amp; Farmers Welfare (MoAFW) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) altogether in that year. <br /><br />In other words, the size of tax concessions and tax breaks, which the corporate sector enjoys, is quite large vis-&agrave;-vis the expenditure made by the agricultural and rural development ministries altogether. &nbsp;<br /><br />The total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)</em> as a proportion of total expenditure of the MoAFW and MoRD stands at around 88.7 percent in 2012-13, 76.1 in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. It means that the tax incentives provided to the corporate sector could have been utilized to finance 88.7 percent of the expenses of MoAFW and MoRD altogether in 2012-13, 76.1 percent in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. Please check table-1.</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">The value of revenue foregone <em>(owing to tax incentives &amp; rebates to corporate taxpayers) </em>was Rs. 68,720.0 crore in 2012-13, Rs. 76,857.7 crore in 2015-16, Rs. 86,144.82 crore in 2016-17 and Rs. 85,026.11 crore in 2017-18. Therefore, one can notice that in terms of absolute numbers, the value of revenue foregone <em>(owing to tax incentives to the corporate sector) </em>has more or less grown over the years. <br /><br /><strong>Table 1: Total Revenue Foregone due to Tax Incentives to Corporate Tax Payers and Expenditure of Ministry of Agriculture &amp; Farmers Welfare and Ministry of Rural Development -- <em>Net of receipts and recoveries</em> (in Rs. crore)<br /></strong></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%201_17.jpg" alt="Table 1" width="317" height="82" /><br /><br /><em><strong>Source: </strong></em><em>Expenditure by various departments of MoAFW and MoRD has been taken from Expenditure Budget, Volume-2, from 2013-14 to 2018-19, </em><a href="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in" title="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in" title="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in" title="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in">www.indiabudget.gov.in</a><em> &nbsp;</em> <br /><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19">click here</a> to access <br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18">click here</a> to access &nbsp;&nbsp; <br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17">click here</a> to access<br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16">click here</a> to access <br /></em><br /><em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15">click here</a> to access</em><em></em><div align="justify"><em></em><br /><em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&nbsp; please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14">click here</a> to access </em></div><em></em><div align="justify"><em></em><br /></div></div><div align="justify"><em><strong>Note: </strong>'RE' means Revised Estimate of Union budget<br /></em></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">-- <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">The adjusted figures of 2016-17 and 2017-18 for the two ministries (<em>jointly</em>) have been derived by deducting the allocation against the head 'interest subsidy for short term credit to farmers' from the entire expenditure incurred by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare <em>(under the MoAFW)</em>. In order to get an idea, please consult the news alert entitled <em>Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget</em> <em>(please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html">click here</a> to access)</em>.&nbsp; <br /><br /><em>Tax Incentives to various sections<br /></em><br />The total tax revenue foregone as a result of tax concessions and tax breaks given to corporate taxpayers, non-corporate taxpayers <em>[Firms/ Association of Persons (AOPs)/ Body of Individuals (BOIs)]</em>, individual/ Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) taxpayers and tax breaks and rebates on customs duty and central excise duty actually exceeds the total expenditure incurred by the MoAFW and MoRD by a huge margin. <br /><br />For example, from table-1 one gets that the total expenditure of MoAFW and MoRD was Rs. 1,46,388.08 crore in the financial year 2017-18. However, in the same year the total revenue impact of tax incentives is estimated to be Rs. 2,03,983.74 crore. Please consult table-2.<br /><br /><strong>Table 2: Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System (in Rs. crore)<br /></strong></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%202_10.jpg" alt="Table 2" width="296" height="172" /><br /><br /><strong><em>Source: <br /></em></strong><br /><em>GDP data (new series, current prices) from 2011-12 to 2016-17 has been taken from the Press Note on Provisional Estimates of Annual National Income 2016-17 and Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic Product for the Fourth Quarter (Q4) of 2016-17, released on 31st May, 2017, Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf" title="PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf" title="PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17">click here</a> to access</em></div><div align="justify"><em><br />GDP data (new series, current prices) for 2017-18 (R.E.) has been taken from Budget at a Glance 2018-19, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf">click here</a> to access</em> <br /><br /><em>Data on total expenditure of the Central government has been taken from Budget at a Glance section of the Budget Documents since the year 2013-14, please click <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12">here</a>, <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13">here</a>, <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14">here</a>, <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15">here</a> <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16">here</a> and <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19">here</a> to access</em></div><div align="justify"><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19">click here</a> to access <br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18">click here</a> to access &nbsp;&nbsp; <br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17">click here</a> to access<br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16">click here</a> to access <br /></em><br /><em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15">click here</a> to access</em></div><em></em><div align="justify"><em></em><br /><em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&nbsp; please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14">click here</a> to access </em></div><em></em><div align="justify"><em></em><br />--<br /><br />The Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, which is provided in the Annex-7 of the Receipt Budget 2018-19 clearly says  that &quot;<em>(t)he tax policy provides specific tax incentives which give rise to tax preferences. Such preferences have a definite revenue impact and can also be viewed as an indirect subsidy to preferred tax payers, also referred to as 'tax expenditures'</em> &rdquo;.<br /><br />From the table-2, it can be inferred that the share of total revenue forgone in the country&rsquo;s GDP has declined from 6.1 percent in 2011-12 to 1.2 percent in 2017-18. Similarly, the share of total revenue forgone in the total expenditure of the Central government has reduced from 40.9 percent in 2011-12 to 9.2 percent in 2017-18.</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">Tax rebates and concessions on customs duty and central excise duty together added about four-fifth of the total revenue foregone between 2011-12 and 2014-15, but since 2015-16 their share in total revenue foregone declined. Please check table-2.</div><div align="justify"><br />It needs to be mentioned here that the 'Statement of Revenue Foregone', which used to be brought out as a separate statement till 2015-16, has been merged in the Receipts Budget from 2016-17 onwards. <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><em>Item-wise expenditure</em></div><div align="justify"><br />If one goes by the expenditure of major items, then according to the Union Budget 2018-19 (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India">click here</a> to access):<br /><br />&bull; The expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was raised from Rs. 64,974 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 70,080 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was less than the total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)</em>. <br /><br />&bull; The expenditure on food subsidy was enhanced from Rs. 1,40,282 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,69,323 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on food subsidy was 1.65 times the total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)</em>. <br /><br />&bull;The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities was increased from Rs.56,589 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 63,836 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities as a proportion of total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers) </em>comes around 66.6 percent in 2017-18. It means that the entire budgetary allocation for agriculture and allied activities could have been financed by the money, which was given as tax incentives to the corporate sector. <br /><br />&bull;The expenditure on rural development was enhanced from Rs. 1,35,604 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,38,097 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on rural development was 1.6 times the total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to the corporate sector)</em>. </div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><strong><em>References:<br /></em></strong><br />Despite Having A Food Security Legislation, Spending On Food Subsidy Is Low, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 31 January, 2018, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /><br />Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 25 January, 2018, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br /><br />Richest companies have the lowest tax liability -Tina Edwin, The Hindu Business Line, 4 February, 2018, please <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><strong>Image Courtesy: Himanshu Joshi</strong> <br /></div>               </font>
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		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 35750,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Size of tax rebates is large as compared to spending by agricultural &amp;amp; rural development ministries&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as &#039;tax expenditures&#039; &lt;em&gt;(an indirect subsidy)&lt;/em&gt; &amp;ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been more than 50 percent of the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare (MoAFW) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) altogether in that year. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In other words, the size of tax concessions and tax breaks, which the corporate sector enjoys, is quite large vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the expenditure made by the agricultural and rural development ministries altogether. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt; as a proportion of total expenditure of the MoAFW and MoRD stands at around 88.7 percent in 2012-13, 76.1 in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. It means that the tax incentives provided to the corporate sector could have been utilized to finance 88.7 percent of the expenses of MoAFW and MoRD altogether in 2012-13, 76.1 percent in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. Please check table-1.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives &amp;amp; rebates to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;was Rs. 68,720.0 crore in 2012-13, Rs. 76,857.7 crore in 2015-16, Rs. 86,144.82 crore in 2016-17 and Rs. 85,026.11 crore in 2017-18. Therefore, one can notice that in terms of absolute numbers, the value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives to the corporate sector) &lt;/em&gt;has more or less grown over the years. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;
Table 1: Total Revenue Foregone due to Tax Incentives to Corporate Tax Payers and Expenditure of Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare and Ministry of Rural Development -- &lt;em&gt;Net of receipts and recoveries&lt;/em&gt; (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Table%201_17.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 1&quot; width=&quot;317&quot; height=&quot;82&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Expenditure by various departments of MoAFW and MoRD has been taken from Expenditure Budget, Volume-2, from 2013-14 to 2018-19, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot;&gt;www.indiabudget.gov.in&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives 
under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, 
Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 
2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 
2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, 
please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access 
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note: &lt;/strong&gt;&#039;RE&#039; means Revised Estimate of Union budget&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
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-- &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
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The adjusted figures of 2016-17 and 2017-18 for the two ministries (&lt;em&gt;jointly&lt;/em&gt;) have been derived by deducting the allocation against the head &#039;interest subsidy for short term credit to farmers&#039; from the entire expenditure incurred by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare &lt;em&gt;(under the MoAFW)&lt;/em&gt;. In order to get an idea, please consult the news alert entitled &lt;em&gt;Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access)&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Tax Incentives to various sections&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The total tax revenue foregone as a result of tax concessions and tax breaks given to corporate taxpayers, non-corporate taxpayers &lt;em&gt;[Firms/ Association of Persons (AOPs)/ Body of Individuals (BOIs)]&lt;/em&gt;, individual/ Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) taxpayers and tax breaks and rebates on customs duty and central excise duty actually exceeds the total expenditure incurred by the MoAFW and MoRD by a huge margin. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, from table-1 one gets that the total expenditure of MoAFW and MoRD was Rs. 1,46,388.08 crore in the financial year 2017-18. However, in the same year the total revenue impact of tax incentives is estimated to be Rs. 2,03,983.74 crore. Please consult table-2.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Table 2: Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Table%202_10.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 2&quot; width=&quot;296&quot; height=&quot;172&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Source: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;GDP data (new series, current prices) from 2011-12 to 2016-17 has 
been taken from the Press Note on Provisional Estimates of Annual 
National Income 2016-17 and Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic 
Product for the Fourth Quarter (Q4) of 2016-17, released on 31st May, 
2017, Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and 
Programme Implementation (MoSPI), please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
GDP data (new series, current prices) for 2017-18 (R.E.) has been taken from Budget at a Glance 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Data on total expenditure of the Central government has been taken 
from Budget at a Glance section of the Budget Documents since the year 
2013-14, please click &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access 
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, which is provided in the Annex-7 of the Receipt Budget 2018-19 clearly says  that &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;(t)he tax policy provides specific tax incentives which give rise to tax preferences. Such preferences have a definite revenue impact and can also be viewed as an indirect subsidy to preferred tax payers, also referred to as &#039;tax expenditures&#039;&lt;/em&gt; &amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From the table-2, it can be inferred that the share of total revenue forgone in the country&amp;rsquo;s GDP has declined from 6.1 percent in 2011-12 to 1.2 percent in 2017-18. Similarly, the share of total revenue forgone in the total expenditure of the Central government has reduced from 40.9 percent in 2011-12 to 9.2 percent in 2017-18.
&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Tax rebates and concessions on customs duty and central excise duty together added about four-fifth of the total revenue foregone between 2011-12 and 2014-15, but since 2015-16 their share in total revenue foregone declined. Please check table-2.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It needs to be mentioned here that the &#039;Statement of Revenue Foregone&#039;, which used to be brought out as a separate statement till 2015-16, has been merged in the Receipts Budget from 2016-17 onwards. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Item-wise expenditure&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If one goes by the expenditure of major items, then according to the Union Budget 2018-19 (please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; The expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was raised from Rs. 64,974 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 70,080 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was less than the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; The expenditure on food subsidy was enhanced from Rs. 1,40,282 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,69,323 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on food subsidy was 1.65 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;
The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities was increased from Rs.
56,589 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 63,836 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities as a proportion of total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;comes around 66.6 percent in 2017-18. It means that the entire budgetary allocation for agriculture and allied activities could have been financed by the money, which was given as tax incentives to the corporate sector. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;
The expenditure on rural development was enhanced from Rs. 1,35,604 crore 
in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,38,097 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on rural development was 1.6 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to the corporate sector)&lt;/em&gt;. 
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Despite Having A Food Security Legislation, Spending On Food Subsidy Is Low, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 31 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 25 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Richest companies have the lowest tax liability -Tina Edwin, The Hindu Business Line, 4 February, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;../latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Himanshu Joshi&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
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Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as &#039;tax expenditures&#039; (an indirect subsidy) &amp;ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as &#039;tax expenditures&#039; &lt;em&gt;(an indirect subsidy)&lt;/em&gt; &amp;ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been more than 50 percent of the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare (MoAFW) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) altogether in that year. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In other words, the size of tax concessions and tax breaks, which the corporate sector enjoys, is quite large vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the expenditure made by the agricultural and rural development ministries altogether. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt; as a proportion of total expenditure of the MoAFW and MoRD stands at around 88.7 percent in 2012-13, 76.1 in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. It means that the tax incentives provided to the corporate sector could have been utilized to finance 88.7 percent of the expenses of MoAFW and MoRD altogether in 2012-13, 76.1 percent in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. Please check table-1.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives &amp;amp; rebates to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;was Rs. 68,720.0 crore in 2012-13, Rs. 76,857.7 crore in 2015-16, Rs. 86,144.82 crore in 2016-17 and Rs. 85,026.11 crore in 2017-18. Therefore, one can notice that in terms of absolute numbers, the value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives to the corporate sector) &lt;/em&gt;has more or less grown over the years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Table 1: Total Revenue Foregone due to Tax Incentives to Corporate Tax Payers and Expenditure of Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare and Ministry of Rural Development -- &lt;em&gt;Net of receipts and recoveries&lt;/em&gt; (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%201_17.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 1&quot; width=&quot;317&quot; height=&quot;82&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Expenditure by various departments of MoAFW and MoRD has been taken from Expenditure Budget, Volume-2, from 2013-14 to 2018-19, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot;&gt;www.indiabudget.gov.in&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note: &lt;/strong&gt;&#039;RE&#039; means Revised Estimate of Union budget&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The adjusted figures of 2016-17 and 2017-18 for the two ministries (&lt;em&gt;jointly&lt;/em&gt;) have been derived by deducting the allocation against the head &#039;interest subsidy for short term credit to farmers&#039; from the entire expenditure incurred by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare &lt;em&gt;(under the MoAFW)&lt;/em&gt;. In order to get an idea, please consult the news alert entitled &lt;em&gt;Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access)&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tax Incentives to various sections&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The total tax revenue foregone as a result of tax concessions and tax breaks given to corporate taxpayers, non-corporate taxpayers &lt;em&gt;[Firms/ Association of Persons (AOPs)/ Body of Individuals (BOIs)]&lt;/em&gt;, individual/ Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) taxpayers and tax breaks and rebates on customs duty and central excise duty actually exceeds the total expenditure incurred by the MoAFW and MoRD by a huge margin. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example, from table-1 one gets that the total expenditure of MoAFW and MoRD was Rs. 1,46,388.08 crore in the financial year 2017-18. However, in the same year the total revenue impact of tax incentives is estimated to be Rs. 2,03,983.74 crore. Please consult table-2.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Table 2: Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%202_10.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 2&quot; width=&quot;296&quot; height=&quot;172&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Source: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;GDP data (new series, current prices) from 2011-12 to 2016-17 has been taken from the Press Note on Provisional Estimates of Annual National Income 2016-17 and Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic Product for the Fourth Quarter (Q4) of 2016-17, released on 31st May, 2017, Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GDP data (new series, current prices) for 2017-18 (R.E.) has been taken from Budget at a Glance 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Data on total expenditure of the Central government has been taken from Budget at a Glance section of the Budget Documents since the year 2013-14, please click &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, which is provided in the Annex-7 of the Receipt Budget 2018-19 clearly says  that &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;(t)he tax policy provides specific tax incentives which give rise to tax preferences. Such preferences have a definite revenue impact and can also be viewed as an indirect subsidy to preferred tax payers, also referred to as &#039;tax expenditures&#039;&lt;/em&gt; &amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From the table-2, it can be inferred that the share of total revenue forgone in the country&amp;rsquo;s GDP has declined from 6.1 percent in 2011-12 to 1.2 percent in 2017-18. Similarly, the share of total revenue forgone in the total expenditure of the Central government has reduced from 40.9 percent in 2011-12 to 9.2 percent in 2017-18.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Tax rebates and concessions on customs duty and central excise duty together added about four-fifth of the total revenue foregone between 2011-12 and 2014-15, but since 2015-16 their share in total revenue foregone declined. Please check table-2.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It needs to be mentioned here that the &#039;Statement of Revenue Foregone&#039;, which used to be brought out as a separate statement till 2015-16, has been merged in the Receipts Budget from 2016-17 onwards. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Item-wise expenditure&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If one goes by the expenditure of major items, then according to the Union Budget 2018-19 (please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull; The expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was raised from Rs. 64,974 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 70,080 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was less than the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull; The expenditure on food subsidy was enhanced from Rs. 1,40,282 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,69,323 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on food subsidy was 1.65 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities was increased from Rs.56,589 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 63,836 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities as a proportion of total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;comes around 66.6 percent in 2017-18. It means that the entire budgetary allocation for agriculture and allied activities could have been financed by the money, which was given as tax incentives to the corporate sector. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;The expenditure on rural development was enhanced from Rs. 1,35,604 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,38,097 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on rural development was 1.6 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to the corporate sector)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite Having A Food Security Legislation, Spending On Food Subsidy Is Low, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 31 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 25 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Richest companies have the lowest tax liability -Tina Edwin, The Hindu Business Line, 4 February, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Himanshu Joshi&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
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	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 35750,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Size of tax rebates is large as compared to spending by agricultural &amp;amp; rural development ministries&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as &#039;tax expenditures&#039; &lt;em&gt;(an indirect subsidy)&lt;/em&gt; &amp;ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been more than 50 percent of the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare (MoAFW) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) altogether in that year. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In other words, the size of tax concessions and tax breaks, which the corporate sector enjoys, is quite large vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the expenditure made by the agricultural and rural development ministries altogether. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt; as a proportion of total expenditure of the MoAFW and MoRD stands at around 88.7 percent in 2012-13, 76.1 in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. It means that the tax incentives provided to the corporate sector could have been utilized to finance 88.7 percent of the expenses of MoAFW and MoRD altogether in 2012-13, 76.1 percent in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. Please check table-1.
&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives &amp;amp; rebates to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;was Rs. 68,720.0 crore in 2012-13, Rs. 76,857.7 crore in 2015-16, Rs. 86,144.82 crore in 2016-17 and Rs. 85,026.11 crore in 2017-18. Therefore, one can notice that in terms of absolute numbers, the value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives to the corporate sector) &lt;/em&gt;has more or less grown over the years. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;
Table 1: Total Revenue Foregone due to Tax Incentives to Corporate Tax Payers and Expenditure of Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare and Ministry of Rural Development -- &lt;em&gt;Net of receipts and recoveries&lt;/em&gt; (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Table%201_17.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 1&quot; width=&quot;317&quot; height=&quot;82&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Expenditure by various departments of MoAFW and MoRD has been taken from Expenditure Budget, Volume-2, from 2013-14 to 2018-19, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot;&gt;www.indiabudget.gov.in&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives 
under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, 
Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 
2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 
2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, 
please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access 
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
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&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note: &lt;/strong&gt;&#039;RE&#039; means Revised Estimate of Union budget&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
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-- &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
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The adjusted figures of 2016-17 and 2017-18 for the two ministries (&lt;em&gt;jointly&lt;/em&gt;) have been derived by deducting the allocation against the head &#039;interest subsidy for short term credit to farmers&#039; from the entire expenditure incurred by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare &lt;em&gt;(under the MoAFW)&lt;/em&gt;. In order to get an idea, please consult the news alert entitled &lt;em&gt;Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access)&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Tax Incentives to various sections&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The total tax revenue foregone as a result of tax concessions and tax breaks given to corporate taxpayers, non-corporate taxpayers &lt;em&gt;[Firms/ Association of Persons (AOPs)/ Body of Individuals (BOIs)]&lt;/em&gt;, individual/ Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) taxpayers and tax breaks and rebates on customs duty and central excise duty actually exceeds the total expenditure incurred by the MoAFW and MoRD by a huge margin. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, from table-1 one gets that the total expenditure of MoAFW and MoRD was Rs. 1,46,388.08 crore in the financial year 2017-18. However, in the same year the total revenue impact of tax incentives is estimated to be Rs. 2,03,983.74 crore. Please consult table-2.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Table 2: Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Table%202_10.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 2&quot; width=&quot;296&quot; height=&quot;172&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Source: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;GDP data (new series, current prices) from 2011-12 to 2016-17 has 
been taken from the Press Note on Provisional Estimates of Annual 
National Income 2016-17 and Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic 
Product for the Fourth Quarter (Q4) of 2016-17, released on 31st May, 
2017, Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and 
Programme Implementation (MoSPI), please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
GDP data (new series, current prices) for 2017-18 (R.E.) has been taken from Budget at a Glance 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Data on total expenditure of the Central government has been taken 
from Budget at a Glance section of the Budget Documents since the year 
2013-14, please click &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access 
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, which is provided in the Annex-7 of the Receipt Budget 2018-19 clearly says  that &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;(t)he tax policy provides specific tax incentives which give rise to tax preferences. Such preferences have a definite revenue impact and can also be viewed as an indirect subsidy to preferred tax payers, also referred to as &#039;tax expenditures&#039;&lt;/em&gt; &amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From the table-2, it can be inferred that the share of total revenue forgone in the country&amp;rsquo;s GDP has declined from 6.1 percent in 2011-12 to 1.2 percent in 2017-18. Similarly, the share of total revenue forgone in the total expenditure of the Central government has reduced from 40.9 percent in 2011-12 to 9.2 percent in 2017-18.
&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Tax rebates and concessions on customs duty and central excise duty together added about four-fifth of the total revenue foregone between 2011-12 and 2014-15, but since 2015-16 their share in total revenue foregone declined. Please check table-2.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It needs to be mentioned here that the &#039;Statement of Revenue Foregone&#039;, which used to be brought out as a separate statement till 2015-16, has been merged in the Receipts Budget from 2016-17 onwards. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Item-wise expenditure&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If one goes by the expenditure of major items, then according to the Union Budget 2018-19 (please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; The expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was raised from Rs. 64,974 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 70,080 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was less than the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; The expenditure on food subsidy was enhanced from Rs. 1,40,282 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,69,323 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on food subsidy was 1.65 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;
The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities was increased from Rs.
56,589 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 63,836 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities as a proportion of total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;comes around 66.6 percent in 2017-18. It means that the entire budgetary allocation for agriculture and allied activities could have been financed by the money, which was given as tax incentives to the corporate sector. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull;
The expenditure on rural development was enhanced from Rs. 1,35,604 crore 
in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,38,097 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on rural development was 1.6 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to the corporate sector)&lt;/em&gt;. 
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Despite Having A Food Security Legislation, Spending On Food Subsidy Is Low, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 31 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 25 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Richest companies have the lowest tax liability -Tina Edwin, The Hindu Business Line, 4 February, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;../latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Himanshu Joshi&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
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$articleid = (int) 35750
$metaTitle = &#039;NEWS ALERTS | Size of tax rebates is large as compared to spending by agricultural &amp;amp; rural development ministries&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Tax Exemption,Tax Benefits,Tax Incentives,Agriculture,farming,Union Budget,Union Budget 2018-19&#039;
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Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as &#039;tax expenditures&#039; (an indirect subsidy) &amp;ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as &#039;tax expenditures&#039; &lt;em&gt;(an indirect subsidy)&lt;/em&gt; &amp;ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been more than 50 percent of the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare (MoAFW) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) altogether in that year. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In other words, the size of tax concessions and tax breaks, which the corporate sector enjoys, is quite large vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the expenditure made by the agricultural and rural development ministries altogether. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt; as a proportion of total expenditure of the MoAFW and MoRD stands at around 88.7 percent in 2012-13, 76.1 in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. It means that the tax incentives provided to the corporate sector could have been utilized to finance 88.7 percent of the expenses of MoAFW and MoRD altogether in 2012-13, 76.1 percent in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. Please check table-1.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives &amp;amp; rebates to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;was Rs. 68,720.0 crore in 2012-13, Rs. 76,857.7 crore in 2015-16, Rs. 86,144.82 crore in 2016-17 and Rs. 85,026.11 crore in 2017-18. Therefore, one can notice that in terms of absolute numbers, the value of revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(owing to tax incentives to the corporate sector) &lt;/em&gt;has more or less grown over the years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Table 1: Total Revenue Foregone due to Tax Incentives to Corporate Tax Payers and Expenditure of Ministry of Agriculture &amp;amp; Farmers Welfare and Ministry of Rural Development -- &lt;em&gt;Net of receipts and recoveries&lt;/em&gt; (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%201_17.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 1&quot; width=&quot;317&quot; height=&quot;82&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Expenditure by various departments of MoAFW and MoRD has been taken from Expenditure Budget, Volume-2, from 2013-14 to 2018-19, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiabudget.gov.in&quot;&gt;www.indiabudget.gov.in&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note: &lt;/strong&gt;&#039;RE&#039; means Revised Estimate of Union budget&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The adjusted figures of 2016-17 and 2017-18 for the two ministries (&lt;em&gt;jointly&lt;/em&gt;) have been derived by deducting the allocation against the head &#039;interest subsidy for short term credit to farmers&#039; from the entire expenditure incurred by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare &lt;em&gt;(under the MoAFW)&lt;/em&gt;. In order to get an idea, please consult the news alert entitled &lt;em&gt;Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access)&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tax Incentives to various sections&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The total tax revenue foregone as a result of tax concessions and tax breaks given to corporate taxpayers, non-corporate taxpayers &lt;em&gt;[Firms/ Association of Persons (AOPs)/ Body of Individuals (BOIs)]&lt;/em&gt;, individual/ Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) taxpayers and tax breaks and rebates on customs duty and central excise duty actually exceeds the total expenditure incurred by the MoAFW and MoRD by a huge margin. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example, from table-1 one gets that the total expenditure of MoAFW and MoRD was Rs. 1,46,388.08 crore in the financial year 2017-18. However, in the same year the total revenue impact of tax incentives is estimated to be Rs. 2,03,983.74 crore. Please consult table-2.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Table 2: Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System (in Rs. crore)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%202_10.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Table 2&quot; width=&quot;296&quot; height=&quot;172&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Source: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;GDP data (new series, current prices) from 2011-12 to 2016-17 has been taken from the Press Note on Provisional Estimates of Annual National Income 2016-17 and Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic Product for the Fourth Quarter (Q4) of 2016-17, released on 31st May, 2017, Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GDP data (new series, current prices) for 2017-18 (R.E.) has been taken from Budget at a Glance 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Data on total expenditure of the Central government has been taken from Budget at a Glance section of the Budget Documents since the year 2013-14, please click &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2018-19&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2017-18&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2016-17&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2015-16&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2014-15&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&amp;nbsp; please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Revenue forgone 2013-14&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, which is provided in the Annex-7 of the Receipt Budget 2018-19 clearly says  that &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;(t)he tax policy provides specific tax incentives which give rise to tax preferences. Such preferences have a definite revenue impact and can also be viewed as an indirect subsidy to preferred tax payers, also referred to as &#039;tax expenditures&#039;&lt;/em&gt; &amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From the table-2, it can be inferred that the share of total revenue forgone in the country&amp;rsquo;s GDP has declined from 6.1 percent in 2011-12 to 1.2 percent in 2017-18. Similarly, the share of total revenue forgone in the total expenditure of the Central government has reduced from 40.9 percent in 2011-12 to 9.2 percent in 2017-18.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Tax rebates and concessions on customs duty and central excise duty together added about four-fifth of the total revenue foregone between 2011-12 and 2014-15, but since 2015-16 their share in total revenue foregone declined. Please check table-2.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It needs to be mentioned here that the &#039;Statement of Revenue Foregone&#039;, which used to be brought out as a separate statement till 2015-16, has been merged in the Receipts Budget from 2016-17 onwards. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Item-wise expenditure&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If one goes by the expenditure of major items, then according to the Union Budget 2018-19 (please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Expenditure of the Government of India&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull; The expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was raised from Rs. 64,974 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 70,080 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was less than the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull; The expenditure on food subsidy was enhanced from Rs. 1,40,282 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,69,323 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on food subsidy was 1.65 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities was increased from Rs.56,589 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 63,836 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities as a proportion of total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers) &lt;/em&gt;comes around 66.6 percent in 2017-18. It means that the entire budgetary allocation for agriculture and allied activities could have been financed by the money, which was given as tax incentives to the corporate sector. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull;The expenditure on rural development was enhanced from Rs. 1,35,604 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,38,097 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on rural development was 1.6 times the total revenue foregone &lt;em&gt;(due to tax incentives to the corporate sector)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite Having A Food Security Legislation, Spending On Food Subsidy Is Low, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 31 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 25 January, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Richest companies have the lowest tax liability -Tina Edwin, The Hindu Business Line, 4 February, 2018, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Himanshu Joshi&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Size of tax rebates is large as compared to spending by agricultural &amp; rural development ministries</strong></h1>
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                <br /><div align="justify">Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as 'tax expenditures' <em>(an indirect subsidy)</em> &ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been more than 50 percent of the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Agriculture &amp; Farmers Welfare (MoAFW) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) altogether in that year. <br /><br />In other words, the size of tax concessions and tax breaks, which the corporate sector enjoys, is quite large vis-&agrave;-vis the expenditure made by the agricultural and rural development ministries altogether. &nbsp;<br /><br />The total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)</em> as a proportion of total expenditure of the MoAFW and MoRD stands at around 88.7 percent in 2012-13, 76.1 in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. It means that the tax incentives provided to the corporate sector could have been utilized to finance 88.7 percent of the expenses of MoAFW and MoRD altogether in 2012-13, 76.1 percent in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. Please check table-1.</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">The value of revenue foregone <em>(owing to tax incentives &amp; rebates to corporate taxpayers) </em>was Rs. 68,720.0 crore in 2012-13, Rs. 76,857.7 crore in 2015-16, Rs. 86,144.82 crore in 2016-17 and Rs. 85,026.11 crore in 2017-18. Therefore, one can notice that in terms of absolute numbers, the value of revenue foregone <em>(owing to tax incentives to the corporate sector) </em>has more or less grown over the years. <br /><br /><strong>Table 1: Total Revenue Foregone due to Tax Incentives to Corporate Tax Payers and Expenditure of Ministry of Agriculture &amp; Farmers Welfare and Ministry of Rural Development -- <em>Net of receipts and recoveries</em> (in Rs. crore)<br /></strong></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%201_17.jpg" alt="Table 1" width="317" height="82" /><br /><br /><em><strong>Source: </strong></em><em>Expenditure by various departments of MoAFW and MoRD has been taken from Expenditure Budget, Volume-2, from 2013-14 to 2018-19, </em><a href="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in" title="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in" title="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in" title="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in">www.indiabudget.gov.in</a><em> &nbsp;</em> <br /><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19">click here</a> to access <br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18">click here</a> to access &nbsp;&nbsp; <br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17">click here</a> to access<br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16">click here</a> to access <br /></em><br /><em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15">click here</a> to access</em><em></em><div align="justify"><em></em><br /><em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&nbsp; please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14">click here</a> to access </em></div><em></em><div align="justify"><em></em><br /></div></div><div align="justify"><em><strong>Note: </strong>'RE' means Revised Estimate of Union budget<br /></em></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">-- <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">The adjusted figures of 2016-17 and 2017-18 for the two ministries (<em>jointly</em>) have been derived by deducting the allocation against the head 'interest subsidy for short term credit to farmers' from the entire expenditure incurred by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare <em>(under the MoAFW)</em>. In order to get an idea, please consult the news alert entitled <em>Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget</em> <em>(please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html">click here</a> to access)</em>.&nbsp; <br /><br /><em>Tax Incentives to various sections<br /></em><br />The total tax revenue foregone as a result of tax concessions and tax breaks given to corporate taxpayers, non-corporate taxpayers <em>[Firms/ Association of Persons (AOPs)/ Body of Individuals (BOIs)]</em>, individual/ Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) taxpayers and tax breaks and rebates on customs duty and central excise duty actually exceeds the total expenditure incurred by the MoAFW and MoRD by a huge margin. <br /><br />For example, from table-1 one gets that the total expenditure of MoAFW and MoRD was Rs. 1,46,388.08 crore in the financial year 2017-18. However, in the same year the total revenue impact of tax incentives is estimated to be Rs. 2,03,983.74 crore. Please consult table-2.<br /><br /><strong>Table 2: Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System (in Rs. crore)<br /></strong></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%202_10.jpg" alt="Table 2" width="296" height="172" /><br /><br /><strong><em>Source: <br /></em></strong><br /><em>GDP data (new series, current prices) from 2011-12 to 2016-17 has been taken from the Press Note on Provisional Estimates of Annual National Income 2016-17 and Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic Product for the Fourth Quarter (Q4) of 2016-17, released on 31st May, 2017, Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf" title="PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf" title="PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17">click here</a> to access</em></div><div align="justify"><em><br />GDP data (new series, current prices) for 2017-18 (R.E.) has been taken from Budget at a Glance 2018-19, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf">click here</a> to access</em> <br /><br /><em>Data on total expenditure of the Central government has been taken from Budget at a Glance section of the Budget Documents since the year 2013-14, please click <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12">here</a>, <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13">here</a>, <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14">here</a>, <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15">here</a> <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16">here</a> and <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19">here</a> to access</em></div><div align="justify"><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19">click here</a> to access <br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18">click here</a> to access &nbsp;&nbsp; <br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17">click here</a> to access<br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16">click here</a> to access <br /></em><br /><em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15">click here</a> to access</em></div><em></em><div align="justify"><em></em><br /><em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&nbsp; please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14">click here</a> to access </em></div><em></em><div align="justify"><em></em><br />--<br /><br />The Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, which is provided in the Annex-7 of the Receipt Budget 2018-19 clearly says  that &quot;<em>(t)he tax policy provides specific tax incentives which give rise to tax preferences. Such preferences have a definite revenue impact and can also be viewed as an indirect subsidy to preferred tax payers, also referred to as 'tax expenditures'</em> &rdquo;.<br /><br />From the table-2, it can be inferred that the share of total revenue forgone in the country&rsquo;s GDP has declined from 6.1 percent in 2011-12 to 1.2 percent in 2017-18. Similarly, the share of total revenue forgone in the total expenditure of the Central government has reduced from 40.9 percent in 2011-12 to 9.2 percent in 2017-18.</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">Tax rebates and concessions on customs duty and central excise duty together added about four-fifth of the total revenue foregone between 2011-12 and 2014-15, but since 2015-16 their share in total revenue foregone declined. Please check table-2.</div><div align="justify"><br />It needs to be mentioned here that the 'Statement of Revenue Foregone', which used to be brought out as a separate statement till 2015-16, has been merged in the Receipts Budget from 2016-17 onwards. <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><em>Item-wise expenditure</em></div><div align="justify"><br />If one goes by the expenditure of major items, then according to the Union Budget 2018-19 (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India">click here</a> to access):<br /><br />&bull; The expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was raised from Rs. 64,974 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 70,080 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was less than the total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)</em>. <br /><br />&bull; The expenditure on food subsidy was enhanced from Rs. 1,40,282 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,69,323 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on food subsidy was 1.65 times the total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)</em>. <br /><br />&bull;The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities was increased from Rs.56,589 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 63,836 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities as a proportion of total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers) </em>comes around 66.6 percent in 2017-18. It means that the entire budgetary allocation for agriculture and allied activities could have been financed by the money, which was given as tax incentives to the corporate sector. <br /><br />&bull;The expenditure on rural development was enhanced from Rs. 1,35,604 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,38,097 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on rural development was 1.6 times the total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to the corporate sector)</em>. </div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><strong><em>References:<br /></em></strong><br />Despite Having A Food Security Legislation, Spending On Food Subsidy Is Low, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 31 January, 2018, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /><br />Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 25 January, 2018, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br /><br />Richest companies have the lowest tax liability -Tina Edwin, The Hindu Business Line, 4 February, 2018, please <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><strong>Image Courtesy: Himanshu Joshi</strong> <br /></div>               </font>
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		'title' => 'Size of tax rebates is large as compared to spending by agricultural & rural development ministries',
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<div align="justify">
Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as 'tax expenditures' <em>(an indirect subsidy)</em> &ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been more than 50 percent of the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Agriculture &amp; Farmers Welfare (MoAFW) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) altogether in that year. <br />
<br />
In other words, the size of tax concessions and tax breaks, which the corporate sector enjoys, is quite large vis-&agrave;-vis the expenditure made by the agricultural and rural development ministries altogether. &nbsp;<br />
<br />
The total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)</em> as a proportion of total expenditure of the MoAFW and MoRD stands at around 88.7 percent in 2012-13, 76.1 in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. It means that the tax incentives provided to the corporate sector could have been utilized to finance 88.7 percent of the expenses of MoAFW and MoRD altogether in 2012-13, 76.1 percent in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. Please check table-1.
</div>
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The value of revenue foregone <em>(owing to tax incentives &amp; rebates to corporate taxpayers) </em>was Rs. 68,720.0 crore in 2012-13, Rs. 76,857.7 crore in 2015-16, Rs. 86,144.82 crore in 2016-17 and Rs. 85,026.11 crore in 2017-18. Therefore, one can notice that in terms of absolute numbers, the value of revenue foregone <em>(owing to tax incentives to the corporate sector) </em>has more or less grown over the years. <br />
<br />
<strong>
Table 1: Total Revenue Foregone due to Tax Incentives to Corporate Tax Payers and Expenditure of Ministry of Agriculture &amp; Farmers Welfare and Ministry of Rural Development -- <em>Net of receipts and recoveries</em> (in Rs. crore)<br />
</strong>
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<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
<img src="tinymce/uploaded/Table%201_17.jpg" alt="Table 1" width="317" height="82" /><br />
<br />
<em>
<strong>Source: </strong></em><em>Expenditure by various departments of MoAFW and MoRD has been taken from Expenditure Budget, Volume-2, from 2013-14 to 2018-19, </em><a href="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in" title="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in">www.indiabudget.gov.in</a><em> &nbsp;</em> <br />
<br />
<em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives 
under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, 
Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19">click here</a> to access <br />
</em><br />
<em>
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 
2017-18, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18">click here</a> to access &nbsp;&nbsp; <br />
</em><br />
<em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 
2016-17, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17">click here</a> to access<br />
</em><br />
<em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, 
please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16">click here</a> to access <br />
</em><br />
<em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15">click here</a> to access
</em>
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</em><br />
<em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&nbsp; please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14">click here</a> to access 
</em>
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</div>
<div align="justify">
<em><strong>Note: </strong>'RE' means Revised Estimate of Union budget<br />
</em>
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
-- <br />
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
The adjusted figures of 2016-17 and 2017-18 for the two ministries (<em>jointly</em>) have been derived by deducting the allocation against the head 'interest subsidy for short term credit to farmers' from the entire expenditure incurred by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare <em>(under the MoAFW)</em>. In order to get an idea, please consult the news alert entitled <em>Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget</em> <em>(please <a href="../news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html">click here</a> to access)</em>.&nbsp; <br />
<br />
<em>Tax Incentives to various sections<br />
</em><br />
The total tax revenue foregone as a result of tax concessions and tax breaks given to corporate taxpayers, non-corporate taxpayers <em>[Firms/ Association of Persons (AOPs)/ Body of Individuals (BOIs)]</em>, individual/ Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) taxpayers and tax breaks and rebates on customs duty and central excise duty actually exceeds the total expenditure incurred by the MoAFW and MoRD by a huge margin. <br />
<br />
For example, from table-1 one gets that the total expenditure of MoAFW and MoRD was Rs. 1,46,388.08 crore in the financial year 2017-18. However, in the same year the total revenue impact of tax incentives is estimated to be Rs. 2,03,983.74 crore. Please consult table-2.<br />
<br />
<strong>Table 2: Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System (in Rs. crore)<br />
</strong>
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
<img src="tinymce/uploaded/Table%202_10.jpg" alt="Table 2" width="296" height="172" /><br />
<br />
<strong><em>Source: <br />
</em></strong><br />
<em>GDP data (new series, current prices) from 2011-12 to 2016-17 has 
been taken from the Press Note on Provisional Estimates of Annual 
National Income 2016-17 and Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic 
Product for the Fourth Quarter (Q4) of 2016-17, released on 31st May, 
2017, Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and 
Programme Implementation (MoSPI), please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf" title="PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17">click here</a> to access</em>
</div>
<div align="justify">
<em><br />
GDP data (new series, current prices) for 2017-18 (R.E.) has been taken from Budget at a Glance 2018-19, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf">click here</a> to access</em> <br />
<br />
<em>Data on total expenditure of the Central government has been taken 
from Budget at a Glance section of the Budget Documents since the year 
2013-14, please click <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12">here</a>, <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13">here</a>, <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14">here</a>, <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15">here</a> <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16">here</a> and <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19">here</a> to access</em>
</div>
<div align="justify">
<br />
<em>
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19">click here</a> to access <br />
</em><br />
<em>
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18">click here</a> to access &nbsp;&nbsp; <br />
</em><br />
<em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17">click here</a> to access<br />
</em><br />
<em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16">click here</a> to access <br />
</em><br />
<em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15">click here</a> to access
</em>
</div>
<em>
</em>
<div align="justify">
<em>
</em><br />
<em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&nbsp; please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14">click here</a> to access 
</em>
</div>
<em>
</em>
<div align="justify">
<em>
</em><br />
--<br />
<br />
The Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, which is provided in the Annex-7 of the Receipt Budget 2018-19 clearly says  that &quot;<em>(t)he tax policy provides specific tax incentives which give rise to tax preferences. Such preferences have a definite revenue impact and can also be viewed as an indirect subsidy to preferred tax payers, also referred to as 'tax expenditures'</em> &rdquo;.<br />
<br />
From the table-2, it can be inferred that the share of total revenue forgone in the country&rsquo;s GDP has declined from 6.1 percent in 2011-12 to 1.2 percent in 2017-18. Similarly, the share of total revenue forgone in the total expenditure of the Central government has reduced from 40.9 percent in 2011-12 to 9.2 percent in 2017-18.
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
Tax rebates and concessions on customs duty and central excise duty together added about four-fifth of the total revenue foregone between 2011-12 and 2014-15, but since 2015-16 their share in total revenue foregone declined. Please check table-2.
</div>
<div align="justify">
<br />
It needs to be mentioned here that the 'Statement of Revenue Foregone', which used to be brought out as a separate statement till 2015-16, has been merged in the Receipts Budget from 2016-17 onwards. <br />
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
<em>Item-wise expenditure</em>
</div>
<div align="justify">
<br />
If one goes by the expenditure of major items, then according to the Union Budget 2018-19 (please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India">click here</a> to access):<br />
<br />
&bull; The expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was raised from Rs. 64,974 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 70,080 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was less than the total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)</em>. <br />
<br />
&bull; The expenditure on food subsidy was enhanced from Rs. 1,40,282 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,69,323 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on food subsidy was 1.65 times the total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)</em>. <br />
<br />
&bull;
The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities was increased from Rs.
56,589 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 63,836 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities as a proportion of total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers) </em>comes around 66.6 percent in 2017-18. It means that the entire budgetary allocation for agriculture and allied activities could have been financed by the money, which was given as tax incentives to the corporate sector. <br />
<br />
&bull;
The expenditure on rural development was enhanced from Rs. 1,35,604 crore 
in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,38,097 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on rural development was 1.6 times the total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to the corporate sector)</em>. 
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
<strong><em>References:<br />
</em></strong><br />
Despite Having A Food Security Legislation, Spending On Food Subsidy Is Low, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 31 January, 2018, please <a href="../news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />
<br />
Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 25 January, 2018, please <a href="../news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br />
<br />
Richest companies have the lowest tax liability -Tina Edwin, The Hindu Business Line, 4 February, 2018, please <a href="../latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br />
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
<strong>Image Courtesy: Himanshu Joshi</strong> <br />
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	'metaTitle' => 'NEWS ALERTS | Size of tax rebates is large as compared to spending by agricultural &amp; rural development ministries',
	'metaKeywords' => 'Tax Exemption,Tax Benefits,Tax Incentives,Agriculture,farming,Union Budget,Union Budget 2018-19',
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Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as 'tax expenditures' (an indirect subsidy) &ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been...',
	'disp' => '<br /><div align="justify">Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as 'tax expenditures' <em>(an indirect subsidy)</em> &ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been more than 50 percent of the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Agriculture &amp; Farmers Welfare (MoAFW) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) altogether in that year. <br /><br />In other words, the size of tax concessions and tax breaks, which the corporate sector enjoys, is quite large vis-&agrave;-vis the expenditure made by the agricultural and rural development ministries altogether. &nbsp;<br /><br />The total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)</em> as a proportion of total expenditure of the MoAFW and MoRD stands at around 88.7 percent in 2012-13, 76.1 in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. It means that the tax incentives provided to the corporate sector could have been utilized to finance 88.7 percent of the expenses of MoAFW and MoRD altogether in 2012-13, 76.1 percent in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. Please check table-1.</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">The value of revenue foregone <em>(owing to tax incentives &amp; rebates to corporate taxpayers) </em>was Rs. 68,720.0 crore in 2012-13, Rs. 76,857.7 crore in 2015-16, Rs. 86,144.82 crore in 2016-17 and Rs. 85,026.11 crore in 2017-18. Therefore, one can notice that in terms of absolute numbers, the value of revenue foregone <em>(owing to tax incentives to the corporate sector) </em>has more or less grown over the years. <br /><br /><strong>Table 1: Total Revenue Foregone due to Tax Incentives to Corporate Tax Payers and Expenditure of Ministry of Agriculture &amp; Farmers Welfare and Ministry of Rural Development -- <em>Net of receipts and recoveries</em> (in Rs. crore)<br /></strong></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%201_17.jpg" alt="Table 1" width="317" height="82" /><br /><br /><em><strong>Source: </strong></em><em>Expenditure by various departments of MoAFW and MoRD has been taken from Expenditure Budget, Volume-2, from 2013-14 to 2018-19, </em><a href="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in" title="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in" title="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in" title="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in">www.indiabudget.gov.in</a><em> &nbsp;</em> <br /><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19">click here</a> to access <br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18">click here</a> to access &nbsp;&nbsp; <br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17">click here</a> to access<br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16">click here</a> to access <br /></em><br /><em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15">click here</a> to access</em><em></em><div align="justify"><em></em><br /><em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&nbsp; please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14">click here</a> to access </em></div><em></em><div align="justify"><em></em><br /></div></div><div align="justify"><em><strong>Note: </strong>'RE' means Revised Estimate of Union budget<br /></em></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">-- <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">The adjusted figures of 2016-17 and 2017-18 for the two ministries (<em>jointly</em>) have been derived by deducting the allocation against the head 'interest subsidy for short term credit to farmers' from the entire expenditure incurred by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare <em>(under the MoAFW)</em>. In order to get an idea, please consult the news alert entitled <em>Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget</em> <em>(please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html">click here</a> to access)</em>.&nbsp; <br /><br /><em>Tax Incentives to various sections<br /></em><br />The total tax revenue foregone as a result of tax concessions and tax breaks given to corporate taxpayers, non-corporate taxpayers <em>[Firms/ Association of Persons (AOPs)/ Body of Individuals (BOIs)]</em>, individual/ Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) taxpayers and tax breaks and rebates on customs duty and central excise duty actually exceeds the total expenditure incurred by the MoAFW and MoRD by a huge margin. <br /><br />For example, from table-1 one gets that the total expenditure of MoAFW and MoRD was Rs. 1,46,388.08 crore in the financial year 2017-18. However, in the same year the total revenue impact of tax incentives is estimated to be Rs. 2,03,983.74 crore. Please consult table-2.<br /><br /><strong>Table 2: Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System (in Rs. crore)<br /></strong></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%202_10.jpg" alt="Table 2" width="296" height="172" /><br /><br /><strong><em>Source: <br /></em></strong><br /><em>GDP data (new series, current prices) from 2011-12 to 2016-17 has been taken from the Press Note on Provisional Estimates of Annual National Income 2016-17 and Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic Product for the Fourth Quarter (Q4) of 2016-17, released on 31st May, 2017, Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf" title="PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf" title="PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17">click here</a> to access</em></div><div align="justify"><em><br />GDP data (new series, current prices) for 2017-18 (R.E.) has been taken from Budget at a Glance 2018-19, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf">click here</a> to access</em> <br /><br /><em>Data on total expenditure of the Central government has been taken from Budget at a Glance section of the Budget Documents since the year 2013-14, please click <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12">here</a>, <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13">here</a>, <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14">here</a>, <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15">here</a> <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16">here</a> and <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19">here</a> to access</em></div><div align="justify"><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19">click here</a> to access <br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18">click here</a> to access &nbsp;&nbsp; <br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17">click here</a> to access<br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16">click here</a> to access <br /></em><br /><em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15">click here</a> to access</em></div><em></em><div align="justify"><em></em><br /><em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&nbsp; please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14">click here</a> to access </em></div><em></em><div align="justify"><em></em><br />--<br /><br />The Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, which is provided in the Annex-7 of the Receipt Budget 2018-19 clearly says  that &quot;<em>(t)he tax policy provides specific tax incentives which give rise to tax preferences. Such preferences have a definite revenue impact and can also be viewed as an indirect subsidy to preferred tax payers, also referred to as 'tax expenditures'</em> &rdquo;.<br /><br />From the table-2, it can be inferred that the share of total revenue forgone in the country&rsquo;s GDP has declined from 6.1 percent in 2011-12 to 1.2 percent in 2017-18. Similarly, the share of total revenue forgone in the total expenditure of the Central government has reduced from 40.9 percent in 2011-12 to 9.2 percent in 2017-18.</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">Tax rebates and concessions on customs duty and central excise duty together added about four-fifth of the total revenue foregone between 2011-12 and 2014-15, but since 2015-16 their share in total revenue foregone declined. Please check table-2.</div><div align="justify"><br />It needs to be mentioned here that the 'Statement of Revenue Foregone', which used to be brought out as a separate statement till 2015-16, has been merged in the Receipts Budget from 2016-17 onwards. <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><em>Item-wise expenditure</em></div><div align="justify"><br />If one goes by the expenditure of major items, then according to the Union Budget 2018-19 (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India">click here</a> to access):<br /><br />&bull; The expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was raised from Rs. 64,974 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 70,080 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was less than the total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)</em>. <br /><br />&bull; The expenditure on food subsidy was enhanced from Rs. 1,40,282 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,69,323 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on food subsidy was 1.65 times the total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)</em>. <br /><br />&bull;The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities was increased from Rs.56,589 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 63,836 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities as a proportion of total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers) </em>comes around 66.6 percent in 2017-18. It means that the entire budgetary allocation for agriculture and allied activities could have been financed by the money, which was given as tax incentives to the corporate sector. <br /><br />&bull;The expenditure on rural development was enhanced from Rs. 1,35,604 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,38,097 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on rural development was 1.6 times the total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to the corporate sector)</em>. </div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><strong><em>References:<br /></em></strong><br />Despite Having A Food Security Legislation, Spending On Food Subsidy Is Low, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 31 January, 2018, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /><br />Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 25 January, 2018, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br /><br />Richest companies have the lowest tax liability -Tina Edwin, The Hindu Business Line, 4 February, 2018, please <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><strong>Image Courtesy: Himanshu Joshi</strong> <br /></div>',
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	'id' => (int) 35750,
	'title' => 'Size of tax rebates is large as compared to spending by agricultural &amp; rural development ministries',
	'subheading' => '',
	'description' => '<br />
<div align="justify">
Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as 'tax expenditures' <em>(an indirect subsidy)</em> &ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been more than 50 percent of the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Agriculture &amp; Farmers Welfare (MoAFW) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) altogether in that year. <br />
<br />
In other words, the size of tax concessions and tax breaks, which the corporate sector enjoys, is quite large vis-&agrave;-vis the expenditure made by the agricultural and rural development ministries altogether. &nbsp;<br />
<br />
The total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)</em> as a proportion of total expenditure of the MoAFW and MoRD stands at around 88.7 percent in 2012-13, 76.1 in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. It means that the tax incentives provided to the corporate sector could have been utilized to finance 88.7 percent of the expenses of MoAFW and MoRD altogether in 2012-13, 76.1 percent in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. Please check table-1.
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
The value of revenue foregone <em>(owing to tax incentives &amp; rebates to corporate taxpayers) </em>was Rs. 68,720.0 crore in 2012-13, Rs. 76,857.7 crore in 2015-16, Rs. 86,144.82 crore in 2016-17 and Rs. 85,026.11 crore in 2017-18. Therefore, one can notice that in terms of absolute numbers, the value of revenue foregone <em>(owing to tax incentives to the corporate sector) </em>has more or less grown over the years. <br />
<br />
<strong>
Table 1: Total Revenue Foregone due to Tax Incentives to Corporate Tax Payers and Expenditure of Ministry of Agriculture &amp; Farmers Welfare and Ministry of Rural Development -- <em>Net of receipts and recoveries</em> (in Rs. crore)<br />
</strong>
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
<img src="tinymce/uploaded/Table%201_17.jpg" alt="Table 1" width="317" height="82" /><br />
<br />
<em>
<strong>Source: </strong></em><em>Expenditure by various departments of MoAFW and MoRD has been taken from Expenditure Budget, Volume-2, from 2013-14 to 2018-19, </em><a href="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in" title="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in">www.indiabudget.gov.in</a><em> &nbsp;</em> <br />
<br />
<em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives 
under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, 
Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19">click here</a> to access <br />
</em><br />
<em>
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 
2017-18, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18">click here</a> to access &nbsp;&nbsp; <br />
</em><br />
<em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 
2016-17, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17">click here</a> to access<br />
</em><br />
<em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax 
System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, 
please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16">click here</a> to access <br />
</em><br />
<em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15">click here</a> to access
</em>
<em>
</em>
<div align="justify">
<em>
</em><br />
<em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&nbsp; please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14">click here</a> to access 
</em>
</div>
<em>
</em>
<div align="justify">
<em>
</em><br />
</div>
</div>
<div align="justify">
<em><strong>Note: </strong>'RE' means Revised Estimate of Union budget<br />
</em>
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
-- <br />
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
The adjusted figures of 2016-17 and 2017-18 for the two ministries (<em>jointly</em>) have been derived by deducting the allocation against the head 'interest subsidy for short term credit to farmers' from the entire expenditure incurred by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare <em>(under the MoAFW)</em>. In order to get an idea, please consult the news alert entitled <em>Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget</em> <em>(please <a href="../news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html">click here</a> to access)</em>.&nbsp; <br />
<br />
<em>Tax Incentives to various sections<br />
</em><br />
The total tax revenue foregone as a result of tax concessions and tax breaks given to corporate taxpayers, non-corporate taxpayers <em>[Firms/ Association of Persons (AOPs)/ Body of Individuals (BOIs)]</em>, individual/ Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) taxpayers and tax breaks and rebates on customs duty and central excise duty actually exceeds the total expenditure incurred by the MoAFW and MoRD by a huge margin. <br />
<br />
For example, from table-1 one gets that the total expenditure of MoAFW and MoRD was Rs. 1,46,388.08 crore in the financial year 2017-18. However, in the same year the total revenue impact of tax incentives is estimated to be Rs. 2,03,983.74 crore. Please consult table-2.<br />
<br />
<strong>Table 2: Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System (in Rs. crore)<br />
</strong>
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
<img src="tinymce/uploaded/Table%202_10.jpg" alt="Table 2" width="296" height="172" /><br />
<br />
<strong><em>Source: <br />
</em></strong><br />
<em>GDP data (new series, current prices) from 2011-12 to 2016-17 has 
been taken from the Press Note on Provisional Estimates of Annual 
National Income 2016-17 and Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic 
Product for the Fourth Quarter (Q4) of 2016-17, released on 31st May, 
2017, Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and 
Programme Implementation (MoSPI), please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf" title="PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17">click here</a> to access</em>
</div>
<div align="justify">
<em><br />
GDP data (new series, current prices) for 2017-18 (R.E.) has been taken from Budget at a Glance 2018-19, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf">click here</a> to access</em> <br />
<br />
<em>Data on total expenditure of the Central government has been taken 
from Budget at a Glance section of the Budget Documents since the year 
2013-14, please click <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12">here</a>, <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13">here</a>, <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14">here</a>, <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15">here</a> <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16">here</a> and <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19">here</a> to access</em>
</div>
<div align="justify">
<br />
<em>
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19">click here</a> to access <br />
</em><br />
<em>
Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18">click here</a> to access &nbsp;&nbsp; <br />
</em><br />
<em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17">click here</a> to access<br />
</em><br />
<em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16">click here</a> to access <br />
</em><br />
<em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15">click here</a> to access
</em>
</div>
<em>
</em>
<div align="justify">
<em>
</em><br />
<em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&nbsp; please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14">click here</a> to access 
</em>
</div>
<em>
</em>
<div align="justify">
<em>
</em><br />
--<br />
<br />
The Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, which is provided in the Annex-7 of the Receipt Budget 2018-19 clearly says  that &quot;<em>(t)he tax policy provides specific tax incentives which give rise to tax preferences. Such preferences have a definite revenue impact and can also be viewed as an indirect subsidy to preferred tax payers, also referred to as 'tax expenditures'</em> &rdquo;.<br />
<br />
From the table-2, it can be inferred that the share of total revenue forgone in the country&rsquo;s GDP has declined from 6.1 percent in 2011-12 to 1.2 percent in 2017-18. Similarly, the share of total revenue forgone in the total expenditure of the Central government has reduced from 40.9 percent in 2011-12 to 9.2 percent in 2017-18.
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
Tax rebates and concessions on customs duty and central excise duty together added about four-fifth of the total revenue foregone between 2011-12 and 2014-15, but since 2015-16 their share in total revenue foregone declined. Please check table-2.
</div>
<div align="justify">
<br />
It needs to be mentioned here that the 'Statement of Revenue Foregone', which used to be brought out as a separate statement till 2015-16, has been merged in the Receipts Budget from 2016-17 onwards. <br />
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
<em>Item-wise expenditure</em>
</div>
<div align="justify">
<br />
If one goes by the expenditure of major items, then according to the Union Budget 2018-19 (please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India">click here</a> to access):<br />
<br />
&bull; The expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was raised from Rs. 64,974 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 70,080 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was less than the total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)</em>. <br />
<br />
&bull; The expenditure on food subsidy was enhanced from Rs. 1,40,282 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,69,323 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on food subsidy was 1.65 times the total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)</em>. <br />
<br />
&bull;
The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities was increased from Rs.
56,589 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 63,836 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities as a proportion of total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers) </em>comes around 66.6 percent in 2017-18. It means that the entire budgetary allocation for agriculture and allied activities could have been financed by the money, which was given as tax incentives to the corporate sector. <br />
<br />
&bull;
The expenditure on rural development was enhanced from Rs. 1,35,604 crore 
in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,38,097 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on rural development was 1.6 times the total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to the corporate sector)</em>. 
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
<strong><em>References:<br />
</em></strong><br />
Despite Having A Food Security Legislation, Spending On Food Subsidy Is Low, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 31 January, 2018, please <a href="../news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />
<br />
Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 25 January, 2018, please <a href="../news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br />
<br />
Richest companies have the lowest tax liability -Tina Edwin, The Hindu Business Line, 4 February, 2018, please <a href="../latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br />
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<strong>Image Courtesy: Himanshu Joshi</strong> <br />
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$metaTitle = 'NEWS ALERTS | Size of tax rebates is large as compared to spending by agricultural &amp; rural development ministries'
$metaKeywords = 'Tax Exemption,Tax Benefits,Tax Incentives,Agriculture,farming,Union Budget,Union Budget 2018-19'
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Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as 'tax expenditures' (an indirect subsidy) &ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been...'
$disp = '<br /><div align="justify">Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as 'tax expenditures' <em>(an indirect subsidy)</em> &ndash; that was given to corporate taxpayers has been more than 50 percent of the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Agriculture &amp; Farmers Welfare (MoAFW) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) altogether in that year. <br /><br />In other words, the size of tax concessions and tax breaks, which the corporate sector enjoys, is quite large vis-&agrave;-vis the expenditure made by the agricultural and rural development ministries altogether. &nbsp;<br /><br />The total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)</em> as a proportion of total expenditure of the MoAFW and MoRD stands at around 88.7 percent in 2012-13, 76.1 in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. It means that the tax incentives provided to the corporate sector could have been utilized to finance 88.7 percent of the expenses of MoAFW and MoRD altogether in 2012-13, 76.1 percent in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. Please check table-1.</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">The value of revenue foregone <em>(owing to tax incentives &amp; rebates to corporate taxpayers) </em>was Rs. 68,720.0 crore in 2012-13, Rs. 76,857.7 crore in 2015-16, Rs. 86,144.82 crore in 2016-17 and Rs. 85,026.11 crore in 2017-18. Therefore, one can notice that in terms of absolute numbers, the value of revenue foregone <em>(owing to tax incentives to the corporate sector) </em>has more or less grown over the years. <br /><br /><strong>Table 1: Total Revenue Foregone due to Tax Incentives to Corporate Tax Payers and Expenditure of Ministry of Agriculture &amp; Farmers Welfare and Ministry of Rural Development -- <em>Net of receipts and recoveries</em> (in Rs. crore)<br /></strong></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%201_17.jpg" alt="Table 1" width="317" height="82" /><br /><br /><em><strong>Source: </strong></em><em>Expenditure by various departments of MoAFW and MoRD has been taken from Expenditure Budget, Volume-2, from 2013-14 to 2018-19, </em><a href="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in" title="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in" title="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in" title="http://www.indiabudget.gov.in">www.indiabudget.gov.in</a><em> &nbsp;</em> <br /><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19">click here</a> to access <br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18">click here</a> to access &nbsp;&nbsp; <br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17">click here</a> to access<br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16">click here</a> to access <br /></em><br /><em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15">click here</a> to access</em><em></em><div align="justify"><em></em><br /><em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&nbsp; please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14">click here</a> to access </em></div><em></em><div align="justify"><em></em><br /></div></div><div align="justify"><em><strong>Note: </strong>'RE' means Revised Estimate of Union budget<br /></em></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">-- <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">The adjusted figures of 2016-17 and 2017-18 for the two ministries (<em>jointly</em>) have been derived by deducting the allocation against the head 'interest subsidy for short term credit to farmers' from the entire expenditure incurred by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare <em>(under the MoAFW)</em>. In order to get an idea, please consult the news alert entitled <em>Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget</em> <em>(please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html">click here</a> to access)</em>.&nbsp; <br /><br /><em>Tax Incentives to various sections<br /></em><br />The total tax revenue foregone as a result of tax concessions and tax breaks given to corporate taxpayers, non-corporate taxpayers <em>[Firms/ Association of Persons (AOPs)/ Body of Individuals (BOIs)]</em>, individual/ Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) taxpayers and tax breaks and rebates on customs duty and central excise duty actually exceeds the total expenditure incurred by the MoAFW and MoRD by a huge margin. <br /><br />For example, from table-1 one gets that the total expenditure of MoAFW and MoRD was Rs. 1,46,388.08 crore in the financial year 2017-18. However, in the same year the total revenue impact of tax incentives is estimated to be Rs. 2,03,983.74 crore. Please consult table-2.<br /><br /><strong>Table 2: Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System (in Rs. crore)<br /></strong></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%202_10.jpg" alt="Table 2" width="296" height="172" /><br /><br /><strong><em>Source: <br /></em></strong><br /><em>GDP data (new series, current prices) from 2011-12 to 2016-17 has been taken from the Press Note on Provisional Estimates of Annual National Income 2016-17 and Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic Product for the Fourth Quarter (Q4) of 2016-17, released on 31st May, 2017, Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf" title="PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17.pdf" title="PRESS_NOTE_PE_2016-17">click here</a> to access</em></div><div align="justify"><em><br />GDP data (new series, current prices) for 2017-18 (R.E.) has been taken from Budget at a Glance 2018-19, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf">click here</a> to access</em> <br /><br /><em>Data on total expenditure of the Central government has been taken from Budget at a Glance section of the Budget Documents since the year 2013-14, please click <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202011-12.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2011-12">here</a>, <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202012-13.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2012-13">here</a>, <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202013-14.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2013-14">here</a>, <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202014-15.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2014-15">here</a> <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202015-16.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2015-16">here</a> and <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India%202016-17%20to%202018-19.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India 2016-17 to 2018-19">here</a> to access</em></div><div align="justify"><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202018-19.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2018-19">click here</a> to access <br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202017-18.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2017-18">click here</a> to access &nbsp;&nbsp; <br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202016-17.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2016-17">click here</a> to access<br /></em><br /><em>Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202015-16.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2015-16">click here</a> to access <br /></em><br /><em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202014-15.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2014-15">click here</a> to access</em></div><em></em><div align="justify"><em></em><br /><em>Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,&nbsp; please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Revenue%20forgone%202013-14.pdf" title="Revenue forgone 2013-14">click here</a> to access </em></div><em></em><div align="justify"><em></em><br />--<br /><br />The Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, which is provided in the Annex-7 of the Receipt Budget 2018-19 clearly says  that &quot;<em>(t)he tax policy provides specific tax incentives which give rise to tax preferences. Such preferences have a definite revenue impact and can also be viewed as an indirect subsidy to preferred tax payers, also referred to as 'tax expenditures'</em> &rdquo;.<br /><br />From the table-2, it can be inferred that the share of total revenue forgone in the country&rsquo;s GDP has declined from 6.1 percent in 2011-12 to 1.2 percent in 2017-18. Similarly, the share of total revenue forgone in the total expenditure of the Central government has reduced from 40.9 percent in 2011-12 to 9.2 percent in 2017-18.</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">Tax rebates and concessions on customs duty and central excise duty together added about four-fifth of the total revenue foregone between 2011-12 and 2014-15, but since 2015-16 their share in total revenue foregone declined. Please check table-2.</div><div align="justify"><br />It needs to be mentioned here that the 'Statement of Revenue Foregone', which used to be brought out as a separate statement till 2015-16, has been merged in the Receipts Budget from 2016-17 onwards. <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><em>Item-wise expenditure</em></div><div align="justify"><br />If one goes by the expenditure of major items, then according to the Union Budget 2018-19 (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Expenditure%20of%20the%20Government%20of%20India.pdf" title="Expenditure of the Government of India">click here</a> to access):<br /><br />&bull; The expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was raised from Rs. 64,974 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 70,080 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was less than the total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)</em>. <br /><br />&bull; The expenditure on food subsidy was enhanced from Rs. 1,40,282 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,69,323 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on food subsidy was 1.65 times the total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers)</em>. <br /><br />&bull;The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities was increased from Rs.56,589 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 63,836 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities as a proportion of total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers) </em>comes around 66.6 percent in 2017-18. It means that the entire budgetary allocation for agriculture and allied activities could have been financed by the money, which was given as tax incentives to the corporate sector. <br /><br />&bull;The expenditure on rural development was enhanced from Rs. 1,35,604 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,38,097 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on rural development was 1.6 times the total revenue foregone <em>(due to tax incentives to the corporate sector)</em>. </div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><strong><em>References:<br /></em></strong><br />Despite Having A Food Security Legislation, Spending On Food Subsidy Is Low, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 31 January, 2018, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/despite-having-a-food-security-legislation-spending-on-food-subsidy-is-low-4683798.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /><br />Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 25 January, 2018, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/hard-reality-and-political-compulsions-may-force-a-rural-focused-budget-4683752.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br /><br />Richest companies have the lowest tax liability -Tina Edwin, The Hindu Business Line, 4 February, 2018, please <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/richest-companies-have-the-lowest-tax-liability-tina-edwin-4683847.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><strong>Image Courtesy: Himanshu Joshi</strong> <br /></div>'
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Size of tax rebates is large as compared to spending by agricultural & rural development ministries

Believe it or not, the total revenue foregone in 2017-18 on account of special tax rates, exemptions, deductions, rebates, deferrals and credits -- broadly termed as 'tax expenditures' (an indirect subsidy) – that was given to corporate taxpayers has been more than 50 percent of the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare (MoAFW) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) altogether in that year. In other words, the size of tax concessions and tax breaks, which the corporate sector enjoys, is quite large vis-à-vis the expenditure made by the agricultural and rural development ministries altogether.   The total revenue foregone (due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers) as a proportion of total expenditure of the MoAFW and MoRD stands at around 88.7 percent in 2012-13, 76.1 in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. It means that the tax incentives provided to the corporate sector could have been utilized to finance 88.7 percent of the expenses of MoAFW and MoRD altogether in 2012-13, 76.1 percent in 2015-16, 67.4 percent in 2016-17 and 58.1 percent in 2017-18. Please check table-1.   The value of revenue foregone (owing to tax incentives & rebates to corporate taxpayers) was Rs. 68,720.0 crore in 2012-13, Rs. 76,857.7 crore in 2015-16, Rs. 86,144.82 crore in 2016-17 and Rs. 85,026.11 crore in 2017-18. Therefore, one can notice that in terms of absolute numbers, the value of revenue foregone (owing to tax incentives to the corporate sector) has more or less grown over the years. Table 1: Total Revenue Foregone due to Tax Incentives to Corporate Tax Payers and Expenditure of Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare and Ministry of Rural Development -- Net of receipts and recoveries (in Rs. crore)   Source: Expenditure by various departments of MoAFW and MoRD has been taken from Expenditure Budget, Volume-2, from 2013-14 to 2018-19, www.indiabudget.gov.in   Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please click here to access Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please click here to access    Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please click here to access Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please click here to access Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please click here to access Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,  please click here to access Note: 'RE' means Revised Estimate of Union budget   --   The adjusted figures of 2016-17 and 2017-18 for the two ministries (jointly) have been derived by deducting the allocation against the head 'interest subsidy for short term credit to farmers' from the entire expenditure incurred by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare (under the MoAFW). In order to get an idea, please consult the news alert entitled Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget (please click here to access).  Tax Incentives to various sections The total tax revenue foregone as a result of tax concessions and tax breaks given to corporate taxpayers, non-corporate taxpayers [Firms/ Association of Persons (AOPs)/ Body of Individuals (BOIs)], individual/ Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) taxpayers and tax breaks and rebates on customs duty and central excise duty actually exceeds the total expenditure incurred by the MoAFW and MoRD by a huge margin. For example, from table-1 one gets that the total expenditure of MoAFW and MoRD was Rs. 1,46,388.08 crore in the financial year 2017-18. However, in the same year the total revenue impact of tax incentives is estimated to be Rs. 2,03,983.74 crore. Please consult table-2. Table 2: Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System (in Rs. crore)   Source: GDP data (new series, current prices) from 2011-12 to 2016-17 has been taken from the Press Note on Provisional Estimates of Annual National Income 2016-17 and Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic Product for the Fourth Quarter (Q4) of 2016-17, released on 31st May, 2017, Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), please click here to access GDP data (new series, current prices) for 2017-18 (R.E.) has been taken from Budget at a Glance 2018-19, please click here to access Data on total expenditure of the Central government has been taken from Budget at a Glance section of the Budget Documents since the year 2013-14, please click here, here, here, here here and here to access Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, Annex-7, Union Budget 2018-19, please click here to access Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2015-16 and 2016-17, Annex-13, Union Budget 2017-18, please click here to access    Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2014-15 and 2015-16, Annex-15, Union Budget 2016-17, please click here to access Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2013-14 and 2014-15, Union Budget 2015-16, please click here to access Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14, Union Budget 2014-15, please click here to access Revenue Foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2011-12 and 2012-13, Union Budget 2013-14,  please click here to access -- The Statement of Revenue Impact of Tax Incentives under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2016-17 and 2017-18, which is provided in the Annex-7 of the Receipt Budget 2018-19 clearly says that "(t)he tax policy provides specific tax incentives which give rise to tax preferences. Such preferences have a definite revenue impact and can also be viewed as an indirect subsidy to preferred tax payers, also referred to as 'tax expenditures' ”. From the table-2, it can be inferred that the share of total revenue forgone in the country’s GDP has declined from 6.1 percent in 2011-12 to 1.2 percent in 2017-18. Similarly, the share of total revenue forgone in the total expenditure of the Central government has reduced from 40.9 percent in 2011-12 to 9.2 percent in 2017-18.   Tax rebates and concessions on customs duty and central excise duty together added about four-fifth of the total revenue foregone between 2011-12 and 2014-15, but since 2015-16 their share in total revenue foregone declined. Please check table-2. It needs to be mentioned here that the 'Statement of Revenue Foregone', which used to be brought out as a separate statement till 2015-16, has been merged in the Receipts Budget from 2016-17 onwards.   Item-wise expenditure If one goes by the expenditure of major items, then according to the Union Budget 2018-19 (please click here to access): • The expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was raised from Rs. 64,974 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 70,080 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on fertiliser subsidy was less than the total revenue foregone (due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers). • The expenditure on food subsidy was enhanced from Rs. 1,40,282 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,69,323 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on food subsidy was 1.65 times the total revenue foregone (due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers). •The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities was increased from Rs.56,589 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 63,836 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). The expenditure on agriculture and allied activities as a proportion of total revenue foregone (due to tax incentives to corporate taxpayers) comes around 66.6 percent in 2017-18. It means that the entire budgetary allocation for agriculture and allied activities could have been financed by the money, which was given as tax incentives to the corporate sector. •The expenditure on rural development was enhanced from Rs. 1,35,604 crore in 2017-18 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,38,097 crore in 2018-19 (B.E.). In 2017-18, the expenditure on rural development was 1.6 times the total revenue foregone (due to tax incentives to the corporate sector).     References: Despite Having A Food Security Legislation, Spending On Food Subsidy Is Low, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 31 January, 2018, please click here to access   Hard reality and political compulsions may force a rural-focused budget, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 25 January, 2018, please click here to access  Richest companies have the lowest tax liability -Tina Edwin, The Hindu Business Line, 4 February, 2018, please click here to access      Image Courtesy: Himanshu Joshi