Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
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Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
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देश के ग्रामीण इलाके के औसत नागरिक का स्वास्थ्य खर्च औसत शहरी नागरिक के स्वास्थ्य खर्च की तुलना में ज्यादा है। 68 वें दौर की गणना पर आधारित नेशनल सैंपल सर्वे की नवीनतम रिपोर्ट इस तथ्य का खुलासा करती है।<br />
&nbsp;<br />
लेवल एंड पैटर्न ऑफ कंज्यूमर एक्सपेंडिचर&nbsp; 2011-12 शीर्षक इस रिपोर्ट के आंकड़ों के विश्लेषण से जाहिर होता है कि एक औसत भारतीय हालांकि प्रति माह औसत ग्रामीण भारतीय की तुलना में 84 फीसदी ज्यादा खर्च करता है लेकिन स्वास्थ्य-खर्च के मद में बात इसके उलट है। औसत ग्रामीण भारतीय का स्वास्थ्य खर्च उसके कुल मासिक खर्चे का 6.7 प्रतिशत है जबकि औसत शहरी भारतीय का 5.5 प्रतिशत।(कृपया देखें नीचे दी गई तालिका और सबसे नीचे की लिंक)<br />
<br />
बहरहाल, इस अन्तर को प्रतिशत पैमाने पर ना देखकर अविकल संख्या के आधार पर देखें तो एनएसएसओ की रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक शहरी व्यक्ति का औसत मासिक स्वास्थ्य-खर्च कुल 146 रुपये का बैठता है जबकि ग्रामीण व्यक्ति का 95 रुपये। गौरतलब है कि रिपोर्ट के अनुसार ग्रामीण भारत में प्रतिव्यक्ति औसत मासिक उपभोक्ता व्यय 1430 रुपये और शहरी भारत में 2630 रुपये का है और दोनों के बीच में 84 प्रतिशत का अन्तर है। (यहां अविकल संख्याओं की गणना मॉडिफायड मिक्स्ड रेफरेंस पीरियड की पद्धित के जरिए की गई है। इस पद की परिभाषा के लिए देखें वेबसाइट का अंग्रेजी खंड) 
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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>तालिका 1: अखिल भारतीय स्तर पर ग्रामीण और शहरी व्यक्ति के एमपीसीई-एमएमआरपी का आकलन प्रतिशत और अविकल रुप में</strong>
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<img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table 1_1.jpg" alt="Table 1" width="592" height="567" />&nbsp;
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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>स्रोत: लेवल एंड पैटर्न ऑफ कंज्यूमर एक्सपेंडिचर 2011-12 </strong>
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रिपोर्ट में प्रति व्यक्ति मासिक खर्च(एमपीसीई) के आकलन के लिए आबादी को क्रयशक्ति के लिहाज से 10 विभिन्न वर्गों में बांटा गया है।रिपोर्ट के तथ्यों के विश्लेषण के आधार पर कहा जा सकता है कि ग्रामीण क्षेत्र का धनी व्यक्ति शहरी क्षेत्र के धनी व्यक्ति की तुलना में अपनी आमदनी का एक बड़ा हिस्सा स्वास्थ्य के मद में खर्च करता है। जैसा कि नीचे दिए गए आरेख संख्या-1 से जाहिर होता है, स्वास्थ्य-खर्च के मामले में शहरी और ग्रामीण नागरिक के बीच क्रयशक्ति के सातवें वर्ग तक अन्तर बहुत कम है। इसके बाद आरोही क्रम से ऊपर के स्तरों में विभक्त ग्रामीण हलके के व्यक्ति के लिए स्वास्थ्य-खर्च तेजी से बढ़ता है और शीर्षस्थ वर्ग में 10.2 प्रतिशत तक जा पहुंचता है जबकि इस स्तर के शहरी व्यक्ति का स्वास्थ्य खर्च उसके कुल मासिक खर्चे का 6.4 प्रतिशत रहता है।&nbsp; 
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&nbsp;<strong>आरेख 1: क्रयशक्ति के लिहाज से आरोही क्रम में विभक्त आबादी के विभिन्न 10 वर्गों का स्वास्थ्य के मद में प्रति व्यक्ति मासिक खर्च(शहरी और ग्रामीण)</strong>
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</p>
<p>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong> स्रोत : लेवल एंड पैटर्न ऑफ कंज्यूमर एक्सपेंडिचर&nbsp; 2011-12 </strong>
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&nbsp;
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<p>
रिपोर्ट से जाहिर होता है कि ग्रामीण क्षेत्र में स्वास्थ्य के मद में प्रति व्यक्ति औसत सांस्थानिक खर्च 30.81 रुपये है जबकि गैर-सांस्थानिक खर्च 64.37 रुपये। शहरी क्षेत्र के लिए यही आंकड़ा क्रमशः 51.44 रुपये और 94.27 रुपये का है। (स्वास्थ्य के मद में सांस्थानिक खर्च का अर्थ है, मरीज को अस्पताल में भर्ती करवाने पर होने वहां उपचार के लिए होने वाला खर्च, जबकि गैर-सांस्थानिक स्वास्थ्य खर्च का अर्थ है वह उपचार खर्च जो अस्पताल में भर्ती ना होने की दशा में होता है।)<br />
<br />
12 वीं पंचवर्षीय योजना के दस्तावेज में कहा गया है कि सरकारी क्षेत्र में स्वास्थ्य सुविधाओं की कमी की वजह से ज्यादातर लोगों को निजी क्षेत्र की स्वास्थ्य सुविधाओं पर भारी खर्च करना पड़ता है। इस खर्चे में एक बड़ा हिस्सा गैर-अस्पताली उपचार का है। गैर-अस्पताली उपचार पर होने वाले खर्च (मसलन दवाओं की खरीद और मरीज की देखभाल) को मौजूदा ज्यादातर बीमा-योजनाओं में प्रतिपूर्ति के लिहाज से बाहर रखा गया है।<br />
<br />
हालिया शोधपत्रों (देखें नीचे दी गई लिंक) में ध्यान दिलाया गया है कि साल 2009-10 और 2010-11 में स्वास्थ्य के मद में सरकारी खर्च जीडीपी का 1.1 प्रतिशत रहा। अगर जलापूर्ति तथा साफ-सफाई पर होने वाले सरकारी खर्च को स्वास्थ्य के मद में होने वाले सरकारी खर्च के साथ जोड़ दिया जाए तो भी कुल खर्चा जीडीपी के 1.5 प्रतिशत के बराबर(साल 2010-11 के लिए) बैठता है। गौरतलब है कि सार्विक स्वास्थ्य कवरेज के मुद्दे पर बनी विशेषज्ञों की उच्चस्तरीय समिति ने सिफारिश की थी कि सरकार को 12 वीं पंचवर्षीय योजना के अंत तक स्वास्थ्य के मद में होने वाले खर्चा बढ़ाकर जीडीपी के 2.5 प्रतिशत तक कर देना चाहिए और साल 2022 तक यह खर्च जीडीपी के 3 प्रतिशत तक हो जाना चाहिए।
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<strong><em><span>उपर्युक्त कथा के विस्तार के लिए देखें नीचे दी जा रही लिंक्स </span></em></strong><strong><em><span>:</span></em></strong>
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<strong><em><span>&nbsp;</span></em></strong>
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<span>Level and Pattern of Consumer Expenditure 2011-12,
National Sample Survey 68th Round (July 2011-June 2012), released in February,
2014,</span>
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<a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_rep_555.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_rep_555.pdf">http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_rep_555.pdf</a><span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Conference on Universal Health Coverage held at
Institute of Economic Growth, University of Delhi, 21 March, 2014, </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqlrD0cBhBM" title="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqlrD0cBhBM">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqlrD0cBhBM</a><span> </span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Health Financing in India: A tale of political
apathy, plunder and catastrophe -Indranil (2013), Vikalp, </span><a href="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2013/11/health-financing-in-india-indranil.html" title="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2013/11/health-financing-in-india-indranil.html">http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2013/11/health-financing-in-india<br />-indranil.html</a><span> </span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>An Estimate of Public Expenditure on Health in
India (2012) by Mita Choudhury and HK Amar Nath, National Institute of Public
Finance and Policy (NIPFP), May (please click here to download)</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Chapter No. 20: Health, Twelfth Five Year Plan
(2012&ndash;2017), Social Sectors, Volume III, </span><a href="http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/12th/pdf/12fyp_vol3.pdf" title="http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/12th/pdf/12fyp_vol3.pdf">http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/12th<br />/pdf/12fyp_vol3.pdf</a><span> </span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Rural Health Statistics in India 2012, Ministry of
Health and Family Welfare, </span><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Rural%20Health%20Statistics%20of%20India%202012.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Rural%20Health%20Statistics%20of%20India%202012.pdf">http://www.im4change.orghttps://im4change.in/siteadmin/tin<br />ymce//uploaded/Rural%20Health%20Statistics%20of%20India%20<br />2012.pdf</a><span> </span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Consumer Price Index Numbers on Base 2010=100
for<span>&nbsp; </span>Rural, Urban and Combined for the
month of February, 2014, </span><a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/t4.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/t4.pdf">http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/t4.pdf</a><span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Consumer Price Index Numbers on Base 2010=100
for<span>&nbsp; </span>Rural, Urban and Combined for the
month of February, 2013, </span><a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/t4_12mar13.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/t4_12mar13.pdf">http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/t4_12mar13.pdf</a><span> </span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Include right to health in party manifestos,
demand activists -Kundan Pandey, Down to Earth, 20 March, 2014,<span>&nbsp; </span></span><a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/include-right-to-health-in-party-manifestos-demand-activists-kundan-pandey-24575.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/include-right-to-health-in-party-manifestos-demand-activists-kundan-pandey-24575.html">http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/include-right<br />-to-health-in-party-manifestos-demand-activists-kundan-pan<br />dey-24575.html</a><span> </span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Spending won&rsquo;t make it better -Meeta Rajivlochan,
The Indian Express, 19 March, 2014,</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/spending-wont-make-it-better-meeta-rajivlochan-24547.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/spending-wont-make-it-better-meeta-rajivlochan-24547.html">http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/spending-wont<br />-make-it-better-meeta-rajivlochan-24547.html</a><span> </span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>India's right to health-Nitin Desai, The Business
Standard, 18 March, 2014,</span>
</p>
<span><a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/india039s-right-to-health-nitin-desai-24546.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/india039s-right-to-health-nitin-desai-24546.html">http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/india039s-rig<br />ht-to-health-nitin-desai-24546.html</a></span><span>&nbsp; </span><br />
<p>
&nbsp;
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देश के ग्रामीण इलाके के औसत नागरिक का स्वास्थ्य खर्च औसत शहरी नागरिक के स्वास्थ्य खर्च की तुलना में ज्यादा है। 68 वें दौर की गणना पर आधारित नेशनल सैंपल सर्वे की नवीनतम रिपोर्ट इस तथ्य का खुलासा करती है।
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देश के ग्रामीण इलाके के औसत नागरिक का स्वास्थ्य खर्च औसत शहरी नागरिक के स्वास्थ्य खर्च की तुलना में ज्यादा है। 68 वें दौर की गणना पर आधारित नेशनल सैंपल सर्वे की नवीनतम रिपोर्ट इस तथ्य का खुलासा करती है।<br />
&nbsp;<br />
लेवल एंड पैटर्न ऑफ कंज्यूमर एक्सपेंडिचर&nbsp; 2011-12 शीर्षक इस रिपोर्ट के आंकड़ों के विश्लेषण से जाहिर होता है कि एक औसत भारतीय हालांकि प्रति माह औसत ग्रामीण भारतीय की तुलना में 84 फीसदी ज्यादा खर्च करता है लेकिन स्वास्थ्य-खर्च के मद में बात इसके उलट है। औसत ग्रामीण भारतीय का स्वास्थ्य खर्च उसके कुल मासिक खर्चे का 6.7 प्रतिशत है जबकि औसत शहरी भारतीय का 5.5 प्रतिशत।(कृपया देखें नीचे दी गई तालिका और सबसे नीचे की लिंक)<br />
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बहरहाल, इस अन्तर को प्रतिशत पैमाने पर ना देखकर अविकल संख्या के आधार पर देखें तो एनएसएसओ की रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक शहरी व्यक्ति का औसत मासिक स्वास्थ्य-खर्च कुल 146 रुपये का बैठता है जबकि ग्रामीण व्यक्ति का 95 रुपये। गौरतलब है कि रिपोर्ट के अनुसार ग्रामीण भारत में प्रतिव्यक्ति औसत मासिक उपभोक्ता व्यय 1430 रुपये और शहरी भारत में 2630 रुपये का है और दोनों के बीच में 84 प्रतिशत का अन्तर है। (यहां अविकल संख्याओं की गणना मॉडिफायड मिक्स्ड रेफरेंस पीरियड की पद्धित के जरिए की गई है। इस पद की परिभाषा के लिए देखें वेबसाइट का अंग्रेजी खंड) 
</p>
<p>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>तालिका 1: अखिल भारतीय स्तर पर ग्रामीण और शहरी व्यक्ति के एमपीसीई-एमएमआरपी का आकलन प्रतिशत और अविकल रुप में</strong>
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<img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table 1_1.jpg" alt="Table 1" width="592" height="567" />&nbsp;
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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>स्रोत: लेवल एंड पैटर्न ऑफ कंज्यूमर एक्सपेंडिचर 2011-12 </strong>
</p>
<p>
&nbsp;
</p>
<p>
रिपोर्ट में प्रति व्यक्ति मासिक खर्च(एमपीसीई) के आकलन के लिए आबादी को क्रयशक्ति के लिहाज से 10 विभिन्न वर्गों में बांटा गया है।रिपोर्ट के तथ्यों के विश्लेषण के आधार पर कहा जा सकता है कि ग्रामीण क्षेत्र का धनी व्यक्ति शहरी क्षेत्र के धनी व्यक्ति की तुलना में अपनी आमदनी का एक बड़ा हिस्सा स्वास्थ्य के मद में खर्च करता है। जैसा कि नीचे दिए गए आरेख संख्या-1 से जाहिर होता है, स्वास्थ्य-खर्च के मामले में शहरी और ग्रामीण नागरिक के बीच क्रयशक्ति के सातवें वर्ग तक अन्तर बहुत कम है। इसके बाद आरोही क्रम से ऊपर के स्तरों में विभक्त ग्रामीण हलके के व्यक्ति के लिए स्वास्थ्य-खर्च तेजी से बढ़ता है और शीर्षस्थ वर्ग में 10.2 प्रतिशत तक जा पहुंचता है जबकि इस स्तर के शहरी व्यक्ति का स्वास्थ्य खर्च उसके कुल मासिक खर्चे का 6.4 प्रतिशत रहता है।&nbsp; 
</p>
<p>
&nbsp;<strong>आरेख 1: क्रयशक्ति के लिहाज से आरोही क्रम में विभक्त आबादी के विभिन्न 10 वर्गों का स्वास्थ्य के मद में प्रति व्यक्ति मासिक खर्च(शहरी और ग्रामीण)</strong>
</p>
<p>
<img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Graph 1_1.jpg" alt="Graph 1" width="350" height="314" />
</p>
<p>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong> स्रोत : लेवल एंड पैटर्न ऑफ कंज्यूमर एक्सपेंडिचर&nbsp; 2011-12 </strong>
</p>
<p>
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<p>
रिपोर्ट से जाहिर होता है कि ग्रामीण क्षेत्र में स्वास्थ्य के मद में प्रति व्यक्ति औसत सांस्थानिक खर्च 30.81 रुपये है जबकि गैर-सांस्थानिक खर्च 64.37 रुपये। शहरी क्षेत्र के लिए यही आंकड़ा क्रमशः 51.44 रुपये और 94.27 रुपये का है। (स्वास्थ्य के मद में सांस्थानिक खर्च का अर्थ है, मरीज को अस्पताल में भर्ती करवाने पर होने वहां उपचार के लिए होने वाला खर्च, जबकि गैर-सांस्थानिक स्वास्थ्य खर्च का अर्थ है वह उपचार खर्च जो अस्पताल में भर्ती ना होने की दशा में होता है।)<br />
<br />
12 वीं पंचवर्षीय योजना के दस्तावेज में कहा गया है कि सरकारी क्षेत्र में स्वास्थ्य सुविधाओं की कमी की वजह से ज्यादातर लोगों को निजी क्षेत्र की स्वास्थ्य सुविधाओं पर भारी खर्च करना पड़ता है। इस खर्चे में एक बड़ा हिस्सा गैर-अस्पताली उपचार का है। गैर-अस्पताली उपचार पर होने वाले खर्च (मसलन दवाओं की खरीद और मरीज की देखभाल) को मौजूदा ज्यादातर बीमा-योजनाओं में प्रतिपूर्ति के लिहाज से बाहर रखा गया है।<br />
<br />
हालिया शोधपत्रों (देखें नीचे दी गई लिंक) में ध्यान दिलाया गया है कि साल 2009-10 और 2010-11 में स्वास्थ्य के मद में सरकारी खर्च जीडीपी का 1.1 प्रतिशत रहा। अगर जलापूर्ति तथा साफ-सफाई पर होने वाले सरकारी खर्च को स्वास्थ्य के मद में होने वाले सरकारी खर्च के साथ जोड़ दिया जाए तो भी कुल खर्चा जीडीपी के 1.5 प्रतिशत के बराबर(साल 2010-11 के लिए) बैठता है। गौरतलब है कि सार्विक स्वास्थ्य कवरेज के मुद्दे पर बनी विशेषज्ञों की उच्चस्तरीय समिति ने सिफारिश की थी कि सरकार को 12 वीं पंचवर्षीय योजना के अंत तक स्वास्थ्य के मद में होने वाले खर्चा बढ़ाकर जीडीपी के 2.5 प्रतिशत तक कर देना चाहिए और साल 2022 तक यह खर्च जीडीपी के 3 प्रतिशत तक हो जाना चाहिए।
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<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<strong><em><span>उपर्युक्त कथा के विस्तार के लिए देखें नीचे दी जा रही लिंक्स </span></em></strong><strong><em><span>:</span></em></strong>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<strong><em><span>&nbsp;</span></em></strong>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Level and Pattern of Consumer Expenditure 2011-12,
National Sample Survey 68th Round (July 2011-June 2012), released in February,
2014,</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_rep_555.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_rep_555.pdf">http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_rep_555.pdf</a><span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Conference on Universal Health Coverage held at
Institute of Economic Growth, University of Delhi, 21 March, 2014, </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqlrD0cBhBM" title="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqlrD0cBhBM">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqlrD0cBhBM</a><span> </span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Health Financing in India: A tale of political
apathy, plunder and catastrophe -Indranil (2013), Vikalp, </span><a href="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2013/11/health-financing-in-india-indranil.html" title="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2013/11/health-financing-in-india-indranil.html">http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2013/11/health-financing-in-india<br />-indranil.html</a><span> </span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>An Estimate of Public Expenditure on Health in
India (2012) by Mita Choudhury and HK Amar Nath, National Institute of Public
Finance and Policy (NIPFP), May (please click here to download)</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Chapter No. 20: Health, Twelfth Five Year Plan
(2012&ndash;2017), Social Sectors, Volume III, </span><a href="http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/12th/pdf/12fyp_vol3.pdf" title="http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/12th/pdf/12fyp_vol3.pdf">http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/12th<br />/pdf/12fyp_vol3.pdf</a><span> </span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Rural Health Statistics in India 2012, Ministry of
Health and Family Welfare, </span><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Rural%20Health%20Statistics%20of%20India%202012.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Rural%20Health%20Statistics%20of%20India%202012.pdf">http://www.im4change.orghttps://im4change.in/siteadmin/tin<br />ymce//uploaded/Rural%20Health%20Statistics%20of%20India%20<br />2012.pdf</a><span> </span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Consumer Price Index Numbers on Base 2010=100
for<span>&nbsp; </span>Rural, Urban and Combined for the
month of February, 2014, </span><a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/t4.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/t4.pdf">http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/t4.pdf</a><span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Consumer Price Index Numbers on Base 2010=100
for<span>&nbsp; </span>Rural, Urban and Combined for the
month of February, 2013, </span><a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/t4_12mar13.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/t4_12mar13.pdf">http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/t4_12mar13.pdf</a><span> </span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Include right to health in party manifestos,
demand activists -Kundan Pandey, Down to Earth, 20 March, 2014,<span>&nbsp; </span></span><a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/include-right-to-health-in-party-manifestos-demand-activists-kundan-pandey-24575.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/include-right-to-health-in-party-manifestos-demand-activists-kundan-pandey-24575.html">http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/include-right<br />-to-health-in-party-manifestos-demand-activists-kundan-pan<br />dey-24575.html</a><span> </span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Spending won&rsquo;t make it better -Meeta Rajivlochan,
The Indian Express, 19 March, 2014,</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/spending-wont-make-it-better-meeta-rajivlochan-24547.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/spending-wont-make-it-better-meeta-rajivlochan-24547.html">http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/spending-wont<br />-make-it-better-meeta-rajivlochan-24547.html</a><span> </span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>India's right to health-Nitin Desai, The Business
Standard, 18 March, 2014,</span>
</p>
<span><a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/india039s-right-to-health-nitin-desai-24546.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/india039s-right-to-health-nitin-desai-24546.html">http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/india039s-rig<br />ht-to-health-nitin-desai-24546.html</a></span><span>&nbsp; </span><br />
<p>
&nbsp;
</p>                                                           
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देश के ग्रामीण इलाके के औसत नागरिक का स्वास्थ्य खर्च औसत शहरी नागरिक के स्वास्थ्य खर्च की तुलना में ज्यादा है। 68 वें दौर की गणना पर आधारित नेशनल सैंपल सर्वे की नवीनतम रिपोर्ट इस तथ्य का खुलासा करती है।<br />
&nbsp;<br />
लेवल एंड पैटर्न ऑफ कंज्यूमर एक्सपेंडिचर&nbsp; 2011-12 शीर्षक इस रिपोर्ट के आंकड़ों के विश्लेषण से जाहिर होता है कि एक औसत भारतीय हालांकि प्रति माह औसत ग्रामीण भारतीय की तुलना में 84 फीसदी ज्यादा खर्च करता है लेकिन स्वास्थ्य-खर्च के मद में बात इसके उलट है। औसत ग्रामीण भारतीय का स्वास्थ्य खर्च उसके कुल मासिक खर्चे का 6.7 प्रतिशत है जबकि औसत शहरी भारतीय का 5.5 प्रतिशत।(कृपया देखें नीचे दी गई तालिका और सबसे नीचे की लिंक)<br />
<br />
बहरहाल, इस अन्तर को प्रतिशत पैमाने पर ना देखकर अविकल संख्या के आधार पर देखें तो एनएसएसओ की रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक शहरी व्यक्ति का औसत मासिक स्वास्थ्य-खर्च कुल 146 रुपये का बैठता है जबकि ग्रामीण व्यक्ति का 95 रुपये। गौरतलब है कि रिपोर्ट के अनुसार ग्रामीण भारत में प्रतिव्यक्ति औसत मासिक उपभोक्ता व्यय 1430 रुपये और शहरी भारत में 2630 रुपये का है और दोनों के बीच में 84 प्रतिशत का अन्तर है। (यहां अविकल संख्याओं की गणना मॉडिफायड मिक्स्ड रेफरेंस पीरियड की पद्धित के जरिए की गई है। इस पद की परिभाषा के लिए देखें वेबसाइट का अंग्रेजी खंड) 
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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>तालिका 1: अखिल भारतीय स्तर पर ग्रामीण और शहरी व्यक्ति के एमपीसीई-एमएमआरपी का आकलन प्रतिशत और अविकल रुप में</strong>
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<img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table 1_1.jpg" alt="Table 1" width="592" height="567" />&nbsp;
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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>स्रोत: लेवल एंड पैटर्न ऑफ कंज्यूमर एक्सपेंडिचर 2011-12 </strong>
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रिपोर्ट में प्रति व्यक्ति मासिक खर्च(एमपीसीई) के आकलन के लिए आबादी को क्रयशक्ति के लिहाज से 10 विभिन्न वर्गों में बांटा गया है।रिपोर्ट के तथ्यों के विश्लेषण के आधार पर कहा जा सकता है कि ग्रामीण क्षेत्र का धनी व्यक्ति शहरी क्षेत्र के धनी व्यक्ति की तुलना में अपनी आमदनी का एक बड़ा हिस्सा स्वास्थ्य के मद में खर्च करता है। जैसा कि नीचे दिए गए आरेख संख्या-1 से जाहिर होता है, स्वास्थ्य-खर्च के मामले में शहरी और ग्रामीण नागरिक के बीच क्रयशक्ति के सातवें वर्ग तक अन्तर बहुत कम है। इसके बाद आरोही क्रम से ऊपर के स्तरों में विभक्त ग्रामीण हलके के व्यक्ति के लिए स्वास्थ्य-खर्च तेजी से बढ़ता है और शीर्षस्थ वर्ग में 10.2 प्रतिशत तक जा पहुंचता है जबकि इस स्तर के शहरी व्यक्ति का स्वास्थ्य खर्च उसके कुल मासिक खर्चे का 6.4 प्रतिशत रहता है।&nbsp; 
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&nbsp;<strong>आरेख 1: क्रयशक्ति के लिहाज से आरोही क्रम में विभक्त आबादी के विभिन्न 10 वर्गों का स्वास्थ्य के मद में प्रति व्यक्ति मासिक खर्च(शहरी और ग्रामीण)</strong>
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</p>
<p>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong> स्रोत : लेवल एंड पैटर्न ऑफ कंज्यूमर एक्सपेंडिचर&nbsp; 2011-12 </strong>
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&nbsp;
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<p>
रिपोर्ट से जाहिर होता है कि ग्रामीण क्षेत्र में स्वास्थ्य के मद में प्रति व्यक्ति औसत सांस्थानिक खर्च 30.81 रुपये है जबकि गैर-सांस्थानिक खर्च 64.37 रुपये। शहरी क्षेत्र के लिए यही आंकड़ा क्रमशः 51.44 रुपये और 94.27 रुपये का है। (स्वास्थ्य के मद में सांस्थानिक खर्च का अर्थ है, मरीज को अस्पताल में भर्ती करवाने पर होने वहां उपचार के लिए होने वाला खर्च, जबकि गैर-सांस्थानिक स्वास्थ्य खर्च का अर्थ है वह उपचार खर्च जो अस्पताल में भर्ती ना होने की दशा में होता है।)<br />
<br />
12 वीं पंचवर्षीय योजना के दस्तावेज में कहा गया है कि सरकारी क्षेत्र में स्वास्थ्य सुविधाओं की कमी की वजह से ज्यादातर लोगों को निजी क्षेत्र की स्वास्थ्य सुविधाओं पर भारी खर्च करना पड़ता है। इस खर्चे में एक बड़ा हिस्सा गैर-अस्पताली उपचार का है। गैर-अस्पताली उपचार पर होने वाले खर्च (मसलन दवाओं की खरीद और मरीज की देखभाल) को मौजूदा ज्यादातर बीमा-योजनाओं में प्रतिपूर्ति के लिहाज से बाहर रखा गया है।<br />
<br />
हालिया शोधपत्रों (देखें नीचे दी गई लिंक) में ध्यान दिलाया गया है कि साल 2009-10 और 2010-11 में स्वास्थ्य के मद में सरकारी खर्च जीडीपी का 1.1 प्रतिशत रहा। अगर जलापूर्ति तथा साफ-सफाई पर होने वाले सरकारी खर्च को स्वास्थ्य के मद में होने वाले सरकारी खर्च के साथ जोड़ दिया जाए तो भी कुल खर्चा जीडीपी के 1.5 प्रतिशत के बराबर(साल 2010-11 के लिए) बैठता है। गौरतलब है कि सार्विक स्वास्थ्य कवरेज के मुद्दे पर बनी विशेषज्ञों की उच्चस्तरीय समिति ने सिफारिश की थी कि सरकार को 12 वीं पंचवर्षीय योजना के अंत तक स्वास्थ्य के मद में होने वाले खर्चा बढ़ाकर जीडीपी के 2.5 प्रतिशत तक कर देना चाहिए और साल 2022 तक यह खर्च जीडीपी के 3 प्रतिशत तक हो जाना चाहिए।
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<strong><em><span>उपर्युक्त कथा के विस्तार के लिए देखें नीचे दी जा रही लिंक्स </span></em></strong><strong><em><span>:</span></em></strong>
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<strong><em><span>&nbsp;</span></em></strong>
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<span>Level and Pattern of Consumer Expenditure 2011-12,
National Sample Survey 68th Round (July 2011-June 2012), released in February,
2014,</span>
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<a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_rep_555.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_rep_555.pdf">http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_rep_555.pdf</a><span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Conference on Universal Health Coverage held at
Institute of Economic Growth, University of Delhi, 21 March, 2014, </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqlrD0cBhBM" title="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqlrD0cBhBM">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqlrD0cBhBM</a><span> </span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Health Financing in India: A tale of political
apathy, plunder and catastrophe -Indranil (2013), Vikalp, </span><a href="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2013/11/health-financing-in-india-indranil.html" title="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2013/11/health-financing-in-india-indranil.html">http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2013/11/health-financing-in-india<br />-indranil.html</a><span> </span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>An Estimate of Public Expenditure on Health in
India (2012) by Mita Choudhury and HK Amar Nath, National Institute of Public
Finance and Policy (NIPFP), May (please click here to download)</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Chapter No. 20: Health, Twelfth Five Year Plan
(2012&ndash;2017), Social Sectors, Volume III, </span><a href="http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/12th/pdf/12fyp_vol3.pdf" title="http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/12th/pdf/12fyp_vol3.pdf">http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/12th<br />/pdf/12fyp_vol3.pdf</a><span> </span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Rural Health Statistics in India 2012, Ministry of
Health and Family Welfare, </span><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Rural%20Health%20Statistics%20of%20India%202012.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Rural%20Health%20Statistics%20of%20India%202012.pdf">http://www.im4change.orghttps://im4change.in/siteadmin/tin<br />ymce//uploaded/Rural%20Health%20Statistics%20of%20India%20<br />2012.pdf</a><span> </span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Consumer Price Index Numbers on Base 2010=100
for<span>&nbsp; </span>Rural, Urban and Combined for the
month of February, 2014, </span><a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/t4.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/t4.pdf">http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/t4.pdf</a><span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Consumer Price Index Numbers on Base 2010=100
for<span>&nbsp; </span>Rural, Urban and Combined for the
month of February, 2013, </span><a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/t4_12mar13.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/t4_12mar13.pdf">http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/t4_12mar13.pdf</a><span> </span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Include right to health in party manifestos,
demand activists -Kundan Pandey, Down to Earth, 20 March, 2014,<span>&nbsp; </span></span><a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/include-right-to-health-in-party-manifestos-demand-activists-kundan-pandey-24575.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/include-right-to-health-in-party-manifestos-demand-activists-kundan-pandey-24575.html">http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/include-right<br />-to-health-in-party-manifestos-demand-activists-kundan-pan<br />dey-24575.html</a><span> </span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Spending won&rsquo;t make it better -Meeta Rajivlochan,
The Indian Express, 19 March, 2014,</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/spending-wont-make-it-better-meeta-rajivlochan-24547.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/spending-wont-make-it-better-meeta-rajivlochan-24547.html">http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/spending-wont<br />-make-it-better-meeta-rajivlochan-24547.html</a><span> </span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal">
<span>India's right to health-Nitin Desai, The Business
Standard, 18 March, 2014,</span>
</p>
<span><a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/india039s-right-to-health-nitin-desai-24546.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/india039s-right-to-health-nitin-desai-24546.html">http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/india039s-rig<br />ht-to-health-nitin-desai-24546.html</a></span><span>&nbsp; </span><br />
<p>
&nbsp;
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ग्रामीण नागरिक पर बढ़ रहा है स्वास्थ्य खर्च का बोझ

Published on Apr 2, 2014   Modified on Apr 2, 2014

देश के ग्रामीण इलाके के औसत नागरिक का स्वास्थ्य खर्च औसत शहरी नागरिक के स्वास्थ्य खर्च की तुलना में ज्यादा है। 68 वें दौर की गणना पर आधारित नेशनल सैंपल सर्वे की नवीनतम रिपोर्ट इस तथ्य का खुलासा करती है।   लेवल एंड पैटर्न ऑफ कंज्यूमर एक्सपेंडिचर  2011-12 शीर्षक इस रिपोर्ट के आंकड़ों के विश्लेषण से जाहिर होता है कि एक औसत भारतीय हालांकि प्रति माह औसत ग्रामीण भारतीय की तुलना में 84 फीसदी ज्यादा खर्च करता है लेकिन स्वास्थ्य-खर्च के मद में बात इसके उलट है। औसत ग्रामीण भारतीय का स्वास्थ्य खर्च उसके कुल मासिक खर्चे का 6.7 प्रतिशत है जबकि औसत शहरी भारतीय का 5.5 प्रतिशत।(कृपया देखें नीचे दी गई तालिका और सबसे नीचे की लिंक) बहरहाल, इस अन्तर को प्रतिशत पैमाने पर ना देखकर अविकल संख्या के आधार पर देखें तो एनएसएसओ की रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक शहरी व्यक्ति का औसत मासिक स्वास्थ्य-खर्च कुल 146 रुपये का बैठता है जबकि ग्रामीण व्यक्ति का 95 रुपये। गौरतलब है कि रिपोर्ट के अनुसार ग्रामीण भारत में प्रतिव्यक्ति औसत मासिक उपभोक्ता व्यय 1430 रुपये और शहरी भारत में 2630 रुपये का है और दोनों के बीच में 84 प्रतिशत का अन्तर है। (यहां अविकल संख्याओं की गणना मॉडिफायड मिक्स्ड रेफरेंस पीरियड की पद्धित के जरिए की गई है। इस पद की परिभाषा के लिए देखें वेबसाइट का अंग्रेजी खंड)         तालिका 1: अखिल भारतीय स्तर पर ग्रामीण और शहरी व्यक्ति के एमपीसीई-एमएमआरपी का आकलन प्रतिशत और अविकल रुप में                                                स्रोत: लेवल एंड पैटर्न ऑफ कंज्यूमर एक्सपेंडिचर 2011-12   रिपोर्ट में प्रति व्यक्ति मासिक खर्च(एमपीसीई) के आकलन के लिए आबादी को क्रयशक्ति के लिहाज से 10 विभिन्न वर्गों में बांटा गया है।रिपोर्ट के तथ्यों के विश्लेषण के आधार पर कहा जा सकता है कि ग्रामीण क्षेत्र का धनी व्यक्ति शहरी क्षेत्र के धनी व्यक्ति की तुलना में अपनी आमदनी का एक बड़ा हिस्सा स्वास्थ्य के मद में खर्च करता है। जैसा कि नीचे दिए गए आरेख संख्या-1 से जाहिर होता है, स्वास्थ्य-खर्च के मामले में शहरी और ग्रामीण नागरिक के बीच क्रयशक्ति के सातवें वर्ग तक अन्तर बहुत कम है। इसके बाद आरोही क्रम से ऊपर के स्तरों में विभक्त ग्रामीण हलके के व्यक्ति के लिए स्वास्थ्य-खर्च तेजी से बढ़ता है और शीर्षस्थ वर्ग में 10.2 प्रतिशत तक जा पहुंचता है जबकि इस स्तर के शहरी व्यक्ति का स्वास्थ्य खर्च उसके कुल मासिक खर्चे का 6.4 प्रतिशत रहता है।   आरेख 1: क्रयशक्ति के लिहाज से आरोही क्रम में विभक्त आबादी के विभिन्न 10 वर्गों का स्वास्थ्य के मद में प्रति व्यक्ति मासिक खर्च(शहरी और ग्रामीण)                                              स्रोत : लेवल एंड पैटर्न ऑफ कंज्यूमर एक्सपेंडिचर  2011-12   रिपोर्ट से जाहिर होता है कि ग्रामीण क्षेत्र में स्वास्थ्य के मद में प्रति व्यक्ति औसत सांस्थानिक खर्च 30.81 रुपये है जबकि गैर-सांस्थानिक खर्च 64.37 रुपये। शहरी क्षेत्र के लिए यही आंकड़ा क्रमशः 51.44 रुपये और 94.27 रुपये का है। (स्वास्थ्य के मद में सांस्थानिक खर्च का अर्थ है, मरीज को अस्पताल में भर्ती करवाने पर होने वहां उपचार के लिए होने वाला खर्च, जबकि गैर-सांस्थानिक स्वास्थ्य खर्च का अर्थ है वह उपचार खर्च जो अस्पताल में भर्ती ना होने की दशा में होता है।) 12 वीं पंचवर्षीय योजना के दस्तावेज में कहा गया है कि सरकारी क्षेत्र में स्वास्थ्य सुविधाओं की कमी की वजह से ज्यादातर लोगों को निजी क्षेत्र की स्वास्थ्य सुविधाओं पर भारी खर्च करना पड़ता है। इस खर्चे में एक बड़ा हिस्सा गैर-अस्पताली उपचार का है। गैर-अस्पताली उपचार पर होने वाले खर्च (मसलन दवाओं की खरीद और मरीज की देखभाल) को मौजूदा ज्यादातर बीमा-योजनाओं में प्रतिपूर्ति के लिहाज से बाहर रखा गया है। हालिया शोधपत्रों (देखें नीचे दी गई लिंक) में ध्यान दिलाया गया है कि साल 2009-10 और 2010-11 में स्वास्थ्य के मद में सरकारी खर्च जीडीपी का 1.1 प्रतिशत रहा। अगर जलापूर्ति तथा साफ-सफाई पर होने वाले सरकारी खर्च को स्वास्थ्य के मद में होने वाले सरकारी खर्च के साथ जोड़ दिया जाए तो भी कुल खर्चा जीडीपी के 1.5 प्रतिशत के बराबर(साल 2010-11 के लिए) बैठता है। गौरतलब है कि सार्विक स्वास्थ्य कवरेज के मुद्दे पर बनी विशेषज्ञों की उच्चस्तरीय समिति ने सिफारिश की थी कि सरकार को 12 वीं पंचवर्षीय योजना के अंत तक स्वास्थ्य के मद में होने वाले खर्चा बढ़ाकर जीडीपी के 2.5 प्रतिशत तक कर देना चाहिए और साल 2022 तक यह खर्च जीडीपी के 3 प्रतिशत तक हो जाना चाहिए। उपर्युक्त कथा के विस्तार के लिए देखें नीचे दी जा रही लिंक्स :   Level and Pattern of Consumer Expenditure 2011-12, National Sample Survey 68th Round (July 2011-June 2012), released in February, 2014, http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_rep_555.pdf     Conference on Universal Health Coverage held at Institute of Economic Growth, University of Delhi, 21 March, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqlrD0cBhBM   Health Financing in India: A tale of political apathy, plunder and catastrophe -Indranil (2013), Vikalp, http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2013/11/health-financing-in-india -indranil.html   An Estimate of Public Expenditure on Health in India (2012) by Mita Choudhury and HK Amar Nath, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP), May (please click here to download)   Chapter No. 20: Health, Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012–2017), Social Sectors, Volume III, http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/12th /pdf/12fyp_vol3.pdf   Rural Health Statistics in India 2012, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, http://www.im4change.orghttps://im4change.in/siteadmin/tin ymce//uploaded/Rural%20Health%20Statistics%20of%20India%20 2012.pdf   Consumer Price Index Numbers on Base 2010=100 for  Rural, Urban and Combined for the month of February, 2014, http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/t4.pdf     Consumer Price Index Numbers on Base 2010=100 for  Rural, Urban and Combined for the month of February, 2013, http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/t4_12mar13.pdf   Include right to health in party manifestos, demand activists -Kundan Pandey, Down to Earth, 20 March, 2014,  http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/include-right -to-health-in-party-manifestos-demand-activists-kundan-pan dey-24575.html   Spending won’t make it better -Meeta Rajivlochan, The Indian Express, 19 March, 2014, http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/spending-wont -make-it-better-meeta-rajivlochan-24547.html   India's right to health-Nitin Desai, The Business Standard, 18 March, 2014, http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/india039s-rig ht-to-health-nitin-desai-24546.html

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