Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]



        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }

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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]

Code Context



        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }

$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
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Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]

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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">विश्व आदिवासी दिवस : कहां खड़े हैं आदिवासी</h1>
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अनुज कुमार सिन्हा : एक आदिवासी (सही शब्द जनजातीय) बहुल राज्य रहा है. विश्व अादिवासी दिवस (नौ अगस्त) के माैके पर यह चिंतन का वक्त है कि आदिवासी समाज कहां खड़ा है, देश आैर झारखंड में उनकी वास्तविक स्थिति क्या है.  जल, जंगल और जमीन आरंभ से आदिवासी जीवन से जुड़ा रहा है. समय के साथ-साथ बदलाव हुए हैं आैर यह समाज भी बदला है. <br />
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अंगरेजाें के खिलाफ अगर आदिवासियाें ने हथियार उठाये थे, ताे इसका एक बड़ा कारण जमीन था. आज भी जमीन का मुद्दा आदिवासियाें के लिए सबसे महत्वपूर्ण मुद्दा है. इस समाज के सामने बड़ी चुनाैती है कि विकास का मॉडल क्या हाे जिससे वे पिछड़े भी नहीं आैर उनकी संस्कृति भी सुरक्षित रहे. इस समाज में भी बड़े बदलाव हाे रहे हैं आैर शहरीकरण इनमें से एक है.<br />
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सरकारी दस्तावेज-आंकड़े का अध्ययन किया जाये ताे सच सामने आ सकता है. अगर पूरे देश की चर्चा की जाये, ताे 50 सालाें से भारत में कुल अाबादी में आदिवासियाें का प्रतिशत लगातार बढ़ता रहा है, जबकि झारखंड में यह घटता जा रहा है. 1961 में जहां देश की आबादी में 6.9 प्रतिशत आबादी आदिवासियाें की थी, जाे 2011 में बढ़ कर 8.6 फीसदी हाे गयी है. इसके उलट झारखंड में कुल आबादी में आदिवासियाें का प्रतिशत 1931 से (अपवाद है 1941) लगातार घटता जा रहा है. 1931 की सेंसस रिपाेर्ट के अनुसार,   झारखंड क्षेत्र की कुल आबादी में 38.06 प्रतिशत आदिवासी थे<br />
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झारखंड में 80 साल में घटते-घटते अादिवासियाें का प्रतिशत अब 26.2 रह गया है, यानी 80 साल में 11.86 प्रतिशत का फर्क. हां, वर्ष 2001-2011 के दाैरान घटने की दर में जरूर कमी आयी है. एक आैर फर्क दिखा है. 2001 में पूरे झारखंड में 3317 गांव ऐसे थे, जहां साै फीसदी आबादी आदिवासियाें की थी, वह 2011 में घट कर 2451 रह गये हैं. <br />
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शहरीकरण में देश के अादिवासियाें की तुलना में झारखंड के आदिवासी आगे रहे हैं. देश में 10.4 कराेड़ आदिवासी हैं. इनमें से 2.8 प्रतिशत आदिवासी ही शहराें में रहते हैं. जबकि झारखंड के 9.8 प्रतिशत आदिवासी शहराें में रहते हैं. आंकड़े बताते हैं कि झारखंड में अब पांच जिले खूंटी, सिमडेगा, गुमला, पश्चिम सिंहभूम आैर लाेहरदगा  ऐसे रह गये हैं, जहां आदिवासियाें की आबादी कुल आबादी की 50 फीसदी से ज्यादा है. <br />
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लातेहार, दुमका, पाकुड़, रांची, सरायकेला, जामताड़ा, पूर्वी सिंहभूम आैर साहेबगंज ये आठ जिले ऐसे हैं, जहां आदिवासियाें की आबादी 25 से 50 फीसदी के बीच रह गयी है. अन्य जिलाें में 25 फीसदी से कम आदिवासी हैं.<br />
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झारखंड के आदिवासी समाज की अपनी खूबियां हैं. कई मायने में यहां का आदिवासी समाज देश के अन्य हिस्साें के आदिवासी समाज पर भारी पड़ता है. इनमें एक है- बेटियाें काे बचाने का मामला. पुरुषों की तुलना में झारखंड में आदिवासी महिलाआें की संख्या ज्यादा है, यानी लिंगानुपात बेहतर है. 2001 में जहां 1000 आदिवासी आबादी पर महिलाआें की संख्या 987 थी, दस साल बाद यानी 2011 में यह संख्या 1003 तक पहुंच गयी.<br />
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आज पूरे झारखंड में लिंगानुपात अगर बेहतर हुआ है, ताे इसमें आदिवासी समाज का बड़ा याेगदान है. शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में इस समाज ने 50 साल में पहले की तुलना में तरक्की की है.<br />
 <br />
1961 में जहां आदिवासी समाज में साक्षरता सिर्फ 8.53 प्रतिशत थी, 2011 में बढ़ कर 58.96 प्रतिशत हाे गयी है. हालांकि इस दाैरान सामान्य वर्ग में साक्षरता 28.3 फीसदी से बढ़ कर 72.99 प्रतिशत हाे गयी है. फिर भी गैप कम हुआ है. 1961 में साक्षरता में यह अंतर 19.77 फीसदी का था, जाे 2011 में घट कर 14.03 फीसदी रह गया है. हां, झारखंड में आदिम जनजाति की स्थिति में बहुत ज्यादा परिवर्तन नहीं दिखता. <br />
 <br />
एक उदाहरण है बिरहाेर का. विलुप्त हाेती जनजाति. अगर एक जिले रांची की बात करें ताे 1911 में रांची जिले में (तब गुमला, लाेहरदगा, खूंटी, सिमडेगा भी रांची जिले का हिस्सा हुआ करता था) बिरहाेराें की कुल आबादी 927 थी. ठीक साै साल बाद यानी 2011 में बिरहाेराें की आबादी सिर्फ 1037 ही बढ़ी. अधिकांश आदिम जनजाति की लगभग ऐसी ही स्थिति है.
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(आलेख, साभार अनुज कुमार सिन्हा-- प्रभात खबर)&nbsp;
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अनुज कुमार सिन्हा : एक आदिवासी (सही शब्द जनजातीय) बहुल राज्य रहा है. विश्व अादिवासी दिवस (नौ अगस्त) के माैके पर यह चिंतन का वक्त है कि आदिवासी समाज कहां खड़ा है, देश आैर झारखंड में उनकी वास्तविक स्थिति क्या है.  जल, जंगल और जमीन आरंभ से आदिवासी जीवन से जुड़ा रहा है. समय के साथ-साथ बदलाव हुए हैं आैर यह समाज भी बदला है. <br />
 <br />
अंगरेजाें के खिलाफ अगर आदिवासियाें ने हथियार उठाये थे, ताे इसका एक बड़ा कारण जमीन था. आज भी जमीन का मुद्दा आदिवासियाें के लिए सबसे महत्वपूर्ण मुद्दा है. इस समाज के सामने बड़ी चुनाैती है कि विकास का मॉडल क्या हाे जिससे वे पिछड़े भी नहीं आैर उनकी संस्कृति भी सुरक्षित रहे. इस समाज में भी बड़े बदलाव हाे रहे हैं आैर शहरीकरण इनमें से एक है.<br />
 <br />
सरकारी दस्तावेज-आंकड़े का अध्ययन किया जाये ताे सच सामने आ सकता है. अगर पूरे देश की चर्चा की जाये, ताे 50 सालाें से भारत में कुल अाबादी में आदिवासियाें का प्रतिशत लगातार बढ़ता रहा है, जबकि झारखंड में यह घटता जा रहा है. 1961 में जहां देश की आबादी में 6.9 प्रतिशत आबादी आदिवासियाें की थी, जाे 2011 में बढ़ कर 8.6 फीसदी हाे गयी है. इसके उलट झारखंड में कुल आबादी में आदिवासियाें का प्रतिशत 1931 से (अपवाद है 1941) लगातार घटता जा रहा है. 1931 की सेंसस रिपाेर्ट के अनुसार,   झारखंड क्षेत्र की कुल आबादी में 38.06 प्रतिशत आदिवासी थे<br />
 <br />
झारखंड में 80 साल में घटते-घटते अादिवासियाें का प्रतिशत अब 26.2 रह गया है, यानी 80 साल में 11.86 प्रतिशत का फर्क. हां, वर्ष 2001-2011 के दाैरान घटने की दर में जरूर कमी आयी है. एक आैर फर्क दिखा है. 2001 में पूरे झारखंड में 3317 गांव ऐसे थे, जहां साै फीसदी आबादी आदिवासियाें की थी, वह 2011 में घट कर 2451 रह गये हैं. <br />
 <br />
शहरीकरण में देश के अादिवासियाें की तुलना में झारखंड के आदिवासी आगे रहे हैं. देश में 10.4 कराेड़ आदिवासी हैं. इनमें से 2.8 प्रतिशत आदिवासी ही शहराें में रहते हैं. जबकि झारखंड के 9.8 प्रतिशत आदिवासी शहराें में रहते हैं. आंकड़े बताते हैं कि झारखंड में अब पांच जिले खूंटी, सिमडेगा, गुमला, पश्चिम सिंहभूम आैर लाेहरदगा  ऐसे रह गये हैं, जहां आदिवासियाें की आबादी कुल आबादी की 50 फीसदी से ज्यादा है. <br />
 <br />
लातेहार, दुमका, पाकुड़, रांची, सरायकेला, जामताड़ा, पूर्वी सिंहभूम आैर साहेबगंज ये आठ जिले ऐसे हैं, जहां आदिवासियाें की आबादी 25 से 50 फीसदी के बीच रह गयी है. अन्य जिलाें में 25 फीसदी से कम आदिवासी हैं.<br />
 <br />
झारखंड के आदिवासी समाज की अपनी खूबियां हैं. कई मायने में यहां का आदिवासी समाज देश के अन्य हिस्साें के आदिवासी समाज पर भारी पड़ता है. इनमें एक है- बेटियाें काे बचाने का मामला. पुरुषों की तुलना में झारखंड में आदिवासी महिलाआें की संख्या ज्यादा है, यानी लिंगानुपात बेहतर है. 2001 में जहां 1000 आदिवासी आबादी पर महिलाआें की संख्या 987 थी, दस साल बाद यानी 2011 में यह संख्या 1003 तक पहुंच गयी.<br />
 <br />
आज पूरे झारखंड में लिंगानुपात अगर बेहतर हुआ है, ताे इसमें आदिवासी समाज का बड़ा याेगदान है. शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में इस समाज ने 50 साल में पहले की तुलना में तरक्की की है.<br />
 <br />
1961 में जहां आदिवासी समाज में साक्षरता सिर्फ 8.53 प्रतिशत थी, 2011 में बढ़ कर 58.96 प्रतिशत हाे गयी है. हालांकि इस दाैरान सामान्य वर्ग में साक्षरता 28.3 फीसदी से बढ़ कर 72.99 प्रतिशत हाे गयी है. फिर भी गैप कम हुआ है. 1961 में साक्षरता में यह अंतर 19.77 फीसदी का था, जाे 2011 में घट कर 14.03 फीसदी रह गया है. हां, झारखंड में आदिम जनजाति की स्थिति में बहुत ज्यादा परिवर्तन नहीं दिखता. <br />
 <br />
एक उदाहरण है बिरहाेर का. विलुप्त हाेती जनजाति. अगर एक जिले रांची की बात करें ताे 1911 में रांची जिले में (तब गुमला, लाेहरदगा, खूंटी, सिमडेगा भी रांची जिले का हिस्सा हुआ करता था) बिरहाेराें की कुल आबादी 927 थी. ठीक साै साल बाद यानी 2011 में बिरहाेराें की आबादी सिर्फ 1037 ही बढ़ी. अधिकांश आदिम जनजाति की लगभग ऐसी ही स्थिति है.
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(आलेख, साभार अनुज कुमार सिन्हा-- प्रभात खबर)&nbsp;
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">विश्व आदिवासी दिवस : कहां खड़े हैं आदिवासी</h1>
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अनुज कुमार सिन्हा : एक आदिवासी (सही शब्द जनजातीय) बहुल राज्य रहा है. विश्व अादिवासी दिवस (नौ अगस्त) के माैके पर यह चिंतन का वक्त है कि आदिवासी समाज कहां खड़ा है, देश आैर झारखंड में उनकी वास्तविक स्थिति क्या है.  जल, जंगल और जमीन आरंभ से आदिवासी जीवन से जुड़ा रहा है. समय के साथ-साथ बदलाव हुए हैं आैर यह समाज भी बदला है. <br />
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अंगरेजाें के खिलाफ अगर आदिवासियाें ने हथियार उठाये थे, ताे इसका एक बड़ा कारण जमीन था. आज भी जमीन का मुद्दा आदिवासियाें के लिए सबसे महत्वपूर्ण मुद्दा है. इस समाज के सामने बड़ी चुनाैती है कि विकास का मॉडल क्या हाे जिससे वे पिछड़े भी नहीं आैर उनकी संस्कृति भी सुरक्षित रहे. इस समाज में भी बड़े बदलाव हाे रहे हैं आैर शहरीकरण इनमें से एक है.<br />
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सरकारी दस्तावेज-आंकड़े का अध्ययन किया जाये ताे सच सामने आ सकता है. अगर पूरे देश की चर्चा की जाये, ताे 50 सालाें से भारत में कुल अाबादी में आदिवासियाें का प्रतिशत लगातार बढ़ता रहा है, जबकि झारखंड में यह घटता जा रहा है. 1961 में जहां देश की आबादी में 6.9 प्रतिशत आबादी आदिवासियाें की थी, जाे 2011 में बढ़ कर 8.6 फीसदी हाे गयी है. इसके उलट झारखंड में कुल आबादी में आदिवासियाें का प्रतिशत 1931 से (अपवाद है 1941) लगातार घटता जा रहा है. 1931 की सेंसस रिपाेर्ट के अनुसार,   झारखंड क्षेत्र की कुल आबादी में 38.06 प्रतिशत आदिवासी थे<br />
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झारखंड में 80 साल में घटते-घटते अादिवासियाें का प्रतिशत अब 26.2 रह गया है, यानी 80 साल में 11.86 प्रतिशत का फर्क. हां, वर्ष 2001-2011 के दाैरान घटने की दर में जरूर कमी आयी है. एक आैर फर्क दिखा है. 2001 में पूरे झारखंड में 3317 गांव ऐसे थे, जहां साै फीसदी आबादी आदिवासियाें की थी, वह 2011 में घट कर 2451 रह गये हैं. <br />
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शहरीकरण में देश के अादिवासियाें की तुलना में झारखंड के आदिवासी आगे रहे हैं. देश में 10.4 कराेड़ आदिवासी हैं. इनमें से 2.8 प्रतिशत आदिवासी ही शहराें में रहते हैं. जबकि झारखंड के 9.8 प्रतिशत आदिवासी शहराें में रहते हैं. आंकड़े बताते हैं कि झारखंड में अब पांच जिले खूंटी, सिमडेगा, गुमला, पश्चिम सिंहभूम आैर लाेहरदगा  ऐसे रह गये हैं, जहां आदिवासियाें की आबादी कुल आबादी की 50 फीसदी से ज्यादा है. <br />
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लातेहार, दुमका, पाकुड़, रांची, सरायकेला, जामताड़ा, पूर्वी सिंहभूम आैर साहेबगंज ये आठ जिले ऐसे हैं, जहां आदिवासियाें की आबादी 25 से 50 फीसदी के बीच रह गयी है. अन्य जिलाें में 25 फीसदी से कम आदिवासी हैं.<br />
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झारखंड के आदिवासी समाज की अपनी खूबियां हैं. कई मायने में यहां का आदिवासी समाज देश के अन्य हिस्साें के आदिवासी समाज पर भारी पड़ता है. इनमें एक है- बेटियाें काे बचाने का मामला. पुरुषों की तुलना में झारखंड में आदिवासी महिलाआें की संख्या ज्यादा है, यानी लिंगानुपात बेहतर है. 2001 में जहां 1000 आदिवासी आबादी पर महिलाआें की संख्या 987 थी, दस साल बाद यानी 2011 में यह संख्या 1003 तक पहुंच गयी.<br />
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आज पूरे झारखंड में लिंगानुपात अगर बेहतर हुआ है, ताे इसमें आदिवासी समाज का बड़ा याेगदान है. शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में इस समाज ने 50 साल में पहले की तुलना में तरक्की की है.<br />
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1961 में जहां आदिवासी समाज में साक्षरता सिर्फ 8.53 प्रतिशत थी, 2011 में बढ़ कर 58.96 प्रतिशत हाे गयी है. हालांकि इस दाैरान सामान्य वर्ग में साक्षरता 28.3 फीसदी से बढ़ कर 72.99 प्रतिशत हाे गयी है. फिर भी गैप कम हुआ है. 1961 में साक्षरता में यह अंतर 19.77 फीसदी का था, जाे 2011 में घट कर 14.03 फीसदी रह गया है. हां, झारखंड में आदिम जनजाति की स्थिति में बहुत ज्यादा परिवर्तन नहीं दिखता. <br />
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एक उदाहरण है बिरहाेर का. विलुप्त हाेती जनजाति. अगर एक जिले रांची की बात करें ताे 1911 में रांची जिले में (तब गुमला, लाेहरदगा, खूंटी, सिमडेगा भी रांची जिले का हिस्सा हुआ करता था) बिरहाेराें की कुल आबादी 927 थी. ठीक साै साल बाद यानी 2011 में बिरहाेराें की आबादी सिर्फ 1037 ही बढ़ी. अधिकांश आदिम जनजाति की लगभग ऐसी ही स्थिति है.
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(आलेख, साभार अनुज कुमार सिन्हा-- प्रभात खबर)&nbsp;
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विश्व आदिवासी दिवस : कहां खड़े हैं आदिवासी

Published on Aug 10, 2016

Modified on Aug 10, 2016

अनुज कुमार सिन्हा : एक आदिवासी (सही शब्द जनजातीय) बहुल राज्य रहा है. विश्व अादिवासी दिवस (नौ अगस्त) के माैके पर यह चिंतन का वक्त है कि आदिवासी समाज कहां खड़ा है, देश आैर झारखंड में उनकी वास्तविक स्थिति क्या है. जल, जंगल और जमीन आरंभ से आदिवासी जीवन से जुड़ा रहा है. समय के साथ-साथ बदलाव हुए हैं आैर यह समाज भी बदला है.

अंगरेजाें के खिलाफ अगर आदिवासियाें ने हथियार उठाये थे, ताे इसका एक बड़ा कारण जमीन था. आज भी जमीन का मुद्दा आदिवासियाें के लिए सबसे महत्वपूर्ण मुद्दा है. इस समाज के सामने बड़ी चुनाैती है कि विकास का मॉडल क्या हाे जिससे वे पिछड़े भी नहीं आैर उनकी संस्कृति भी सुरक्षित रहे. इस समाज में भी बड़े बदलाव हाे रहे हैं आैर शहरीकरण इनमें से एक है.

सरकारी दस्तावेज-आंकड़े का अध्ययन किया जाये ताे सच सामने आ सकता है. अगर पूरे देश की चर्चा की जाये, ताे 50 सालाें से भारत में कुल अाबादी में आदिवासियाें का प्रतिशत लगातार बढ़ता रहा है, जबकि झारखंड में यह घटता जा रहा है. 1961 में जहां देश की आबादी में 6.9 प्रतिशत आबादी आदिवासियाें की थी, जाे 2011 में बढ़ कर 8.6 फीसदी हाे गयी है. इसके उलट झारखंड में कुल आबादी में आदिवासियाें का प्रतिशत 1931 से (अपवाद है 1941) लगातार घटता जा रहा है. 1931 की सेंसस रिपाेर्ट के अनुसार, झारखंड क्षेत्र की कुल आबादी में 38.06 प्रतिशत आदिवासी थे

झारखंड में 80 साल में घटते-घटते अादिवासियाें का प्रतिशत अब 26.2 रह गया है, यानी 80 साल में 11.86 प्रतिशत का फर्क. हां, वर्ष 2001-2011 के दाैरान घटने की दर में जरूर कमी आयी है. एक आैर फर्क दिखा है. 2001 में पूरे झारखंड में 3317 गांव ऐसे थे, जहां साै फीसदी आबादी आदिवासियाें की थी, वह 2011 में घट कर 2451 रह गये हैं.

शहरीकरण में देश के अादिवासियाें की तुलना में झारखंड के आदिवासी आगे रहे हैं. देश में 10.4 कराेड़ आदिवासी हैं. इनमें से 2.8 प्रतिशत आदिवासी ही शहराें में रहते हैं. जबकि झारखंड के 9.8 प्रतिशत आदिवासी शहराें में रहते हैं. आंकड़े बताते हैं कि झारखंड में अब पांच जिले खूंटी, सिमडेगा, गुमला, पश्चिम सिंहभूम आैर लाेहरदगा ऐसे रह गये हैं, जहां आदिवासियाें की आबादी कुल आबादी की 50 फीसदी से ज्यादा है.

लातेहार, दुमका, पाकुड़, रांची, सरायकेला, जामताड़ा, पूर्वी सिंहभूम आैर साहेबगंज ये आठ जिले ऐसे हैं, जहां आदिवासियाें की आबादी 25 से 50 फीसदी के बीच रह गयी है. अन्य जिलाें में 25 फीसदी से कम आदिवासी हैं.

झारखंड के आदिवासी समाज की अपनी खूबियां हैं. कई मायने में यहां का आदिवासी समाज देश के अन्य हिस्साें के आदिवासी समाज पर भारी पड़ता है. इनमें एक है- बेटियाें काे बचाने का मामला. पुरुषों की तुलना में झारखंड में आदिवासी महिलाआें की संख्या ज्यादा है, यानी लिंगानुपात बेहतर है. 2001 में जहां 1000 आदिवासी आबादी पर महिलाआें की संख्या 987 थी, दस साल बाद यानी 2011 में यह संख्या 1003 तक पहुंच गयी.

आज पूरे झारखंड में लिंगानुपात अगर बेहतर हुआ है, ताे इसमें आदिवासी समाज का बड़ा याेगदान है. शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में इस समाज ने 50 साल में पहले की तुलना में तरक्की की है.

1961 में जहां आदिवासी समाज में साक्षरता सिर्फ 8.53 प्रतिशत थी, 2011 में बढ़ कर 58.96 प्रतिशत हाे गयी है. हालांकि इस दाैरान सामान्य वर्ग में साक्षरता 28.3 फीसदी से बढ़ कर 72.99 प्रतिशत हाे गयी है. फिर भी गैप कम हुआ है. 1961 में साक्षरता में यह अंतर 19.77 फीसदी का था, जाे 2011 में घट कर 14.03 फीसदी रह गया है. हां, झारखंड में आदिम जनजाति की स्थिति में बहुत ज्यादा परिवर्तन नहीं दिखता.

एक उदाहरण है बिरहाेर का. विलुप्त हाेती जनजाति. अगर एक जिले रांची की बात करें ताे 1911 में रांची जिले में (तब गुमला, लाेहरदगा, खूंटी, सिमडेगा भी रांची जिले का हिस्सा हुआ करता था) बिरहाेराें की कुल आबादी 927 थी. ठीक साै साल बाद यानी 2011 में बिरहाेराें की आबादी सिर्फ 1037 ही बढ़ी. अधिकांश आदिम जनजाति की लगभग ऐसी ही स्थिति है.

(आलेख, साभार अनुज कुमार सिन्हा-- प्रभात खबर)

http://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/vishesh-aalekh/story/842046.html

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