Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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        Health | The heroes of India&#039;s quest to wipe out polio    </title>
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-AFP





Later this month, India will be removed from a dwindling list of countries where polio is considered endemic, a huge achievement made possible by people like Madara, a 76-year-old street hawker.&nbsp;





At a temporary immunisation camp in a slum in the..."/>
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-AFP





Later this month, India will be removed from a dwindling list of countries where polio is considered endemic, a huge achievement made possible by people like Madara, a 76-year-old street hawker.&nbsp;





At a temporary immunisation camp in a slum in the..." />
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                            <div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">-AFP</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Later this month, India will be removed from a dwindling list of countries where polio is considered endemic, a huge achievement made possible by people like Madara, a 76-year-old street hawker.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">At a temporary immunisation camp in a slum in the northern district of Ghaziabad, 23 kilometres (14 miles) from New Delhi, he is busy at work shepherding boisterous children into queues.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">All around, social workers break open tiny bottles containing a polio vaccine, selecting children from the thronging crowd of toddlers and babies and squirting two drops into their mouths.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Madara, a stick-thin resident from a nearby slum, says he began volunteering to help with the vaccination efforts six years ago when he realised he could use his authority as an elderly figure to encourage participation.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">&quot;I decided to get involved because I wanted to do something for the future of our children here,&quot; Madara told AFP.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Most of the youngsters, whose parents are often rag-pickers or hawkers, live in the nearby tarpaulin-covered homes, a cramped zone of shanties where sanitation and awareness about hygiene is poor.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Polio, which can be deadly and also causes deformed limbs, spreads via the fecal matter of victims, making slums particularly high-risk areas.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Lured by the offer of bright plastic whistles and paper masks, children were keen to leave their homes, forming a disorderly crowd around the vaccinators as they dispensed the drops to infants and under-fives.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">India last reported a fresh polio case more than 12 months ago after monumental efforts by millions of social workers and volunteers who have administered 900 million doses of the vaccine in the last year alone.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">If all pending lab tests for the virus return negative as expected, the World Health Organisation will remove India from its list of &quot;polio endemic&quot; countries this month, leaving just Afghanistan, Pakistan and Nigeria in this category.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">As well as polio camps like this one in Ghaziabad, teams have travelled door-to-door, educating families about the illness and delivering the vaccine.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">They have put up makeshift booths in crowded public areas such as train stations, bus stands and markets, and in other locations, including construction sites where they can catch migrant workers and their children.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">A &quot;vaccination on wheels&quot; service was rolled out across the north Indian state of Bihar in which social workers jumped on trains and vaccinated all the children onboard.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">In 2008, when floods devastated the state, vaccinators were even sent out in boats.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">&quot;We had to make a very detailed, dynamic map of the area and send workers in boats to try and get across to stranded families,&quot; Lieven Desomer, head of the polio unit at UN children's agency UNICEF in India, told AFP.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">As well as the problems of access, the government and international agencies behind the immunisation drive faced problems of ignorance and prejudice.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Vaccinators were attacked, anxious parents would hide their babies from social workers, and there was particular resistance from the Muslim communities in the north of the country.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">&quot;There was a general perception that the vaccine was not clean or safe because it came from the West, and that somehow, taking it would make their women and children infertile,&quot; UNICEF's Desomer said.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">India's crushing summer heat also caused difficulties because vaccines have to be kept at a low temperature to prevent them expiring.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Five years ago, campaigners decided to ensure that vials were only carried in special carriers equipped with ice packs.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Desomer credited &quot;the dogged persistence&quot; of the Indian government for the fall in infections, and said that in 2011 alone, the state contributed 80 per cent of the $264 million committed to the fight against polio.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The results of years of innovation, human endeavour, as well as planning and spending, are reflected in the number of infections.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">In 2009, India accounted for half of all cases in the world, but infections plummeted to 42 in 2010 and none in the last 12 months.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">&quot;It is an amazing achievement. I sometimes feel like I have to pinch myself to make sure I am not dreaming it,&quot; Desomer said, while cautioning against premature celebrations.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">&quot;We have to remain vigilant and continue immunisations. Complacency at this stage would be a huge mistake,&quot; he said.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">India will only be judged to have eradicated the disease if it stays polio-free for another two years.</div><div style="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><em>The Economic Times, 8 February, 2012,&nbsp;<a href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/et-cetera/the-heroes-of-indias-quest-to-wipe-out-polio/articleshow/11804066.cms" title="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/et-cetera/the-heroes-of-indias-quest-to-wipe-out-polio/articleshow/11804066.cms">http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/<br />et-cetera/the-heroes-of-indias-quest-to-wipe-out-polio/art<br />icleshow/11804066.cms</a>&nbsp;</em></div>                                                           
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-AFP





Later this month, India will be removed from a dwindling list of countries where polio is considered endemic, a huge achievement made possible by people like Madara, a 76-year-old street hawker.&nbsp;





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-AFP





Later this month, India will be removed from a dwindling list of countries where polio is considered endemic, a huge achievement made possible by people like Madara, a 76-year-old street hawker.&nbsp;





At a temporary immunisation camp in a slum in the..." />
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">The heroes of India&#039;s quest to wipe out polio</h1>
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		 Published on</span><span class="text-date"> Feb 8, 2012</span>
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                            <div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">-AFP</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Later this month, India will be removed from a dwindling list of countries where polio is considered endemic, a huge achievement made possible by people like Madara, a 76-year-old street hawker.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">At a temporary immunisation camp in a slum in the northern district of Ghaziabad, 23 kilometres (14 miles) from New Delhi, he is busy at work shepherding boisterous children into queues.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">All around, social workers break open tiny bottles containing a polio vaccine, selecting children from the thronging crowd of toddlers and babies and squirting two drops into their mouths.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Madara, a stick-thin resident from a nearby slum, says he began volunteering to help with the vaccination efforts six years ago when he realised he could use his authority as an elderly figure to encourage participation.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">&quot;I decided to get involved because I wanted to do something for the future of our children here,&quot; Madara told AFP.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Most of the youngsters, whose parents are often rag-pickers or hawkers, live in the nearby tarpaulin-covered homes, a cramped zone of shanties where sanitation and awareness about hygiene is poor.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Polio, which can be deadly and also causes deformed limbs, spreads via the fecal matter of victims, making slums particularly high-risk areas.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Lured by the offer of bright plastic whistles and paper masks, children were keen to leave their homes, forming a disorderly crowd around the vaccinators as they dispensed the drops to infants and under-fives.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">India last reported a fresh polio case more than 12 months ago after monumental efforts by millions of social workers and volunteers who have administered 900 million doses of the vaccine in the last year alone.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">If all pending lab tests for the virus return negative as expected, the World Health Organisation will remove India from its list of &quot;polio endemic&quot; countries this month, leaving just Afghanistan, Pakistan and Nigeria in this category.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">As well as polio camps like this one in Ghaziabad, teams have travelled door-to-door, educating families about the illness and delivering the vaccine.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">They have put up makeshift booths in crowded public areas such as train stations, bus stands and markets, and in other locations, including construction sites where they can catch migrant workers and their children.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">A &quot;vaccination on wheels&quot; service was rolled out across the north Indian state of Bihar in which social workers jumped on trains and vaccinated all the children onboard.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">In 2008, when floods devastated the state, vaccinators were even sent out in boats.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">&quot;We had to make a very detailed, dynamic map of the area and send workers in boats to try and get across to stranded families,&quot; Lieven Desomer, head of the polio unit at UN children's agency UNICEF in India, told AFP.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">As well as the problems of access, the government and international agencies behind the immunisation drive faced problems of ignorance and prejudice.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Vaccinators were attacked, anxious parents would hide their babies from social workers, and there was particular resistance from the Muslim communities in the north of the country.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">&quot;There was a general perception that the vaccine was not clean or safe because it came from the West, and that somehow, taking it would make their women and children infertile,&quot; UNICEF's Desomer said.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">India's crushing summer heat also caused difficulties because vaccines have to be kept at a low temperature to prevent them expiring.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Five years ago, campaigners decided to ensure that vials were only carried in special carriers equipped with ice packs.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Desomer credited &quot;the dogged persistence&quot; of the Indian government for the fall in infections, and said that in 2011 alone, the state contributed 80 per cent of the $264 million committed to the fight against polio.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The results of years of innovation, human endeavour, as well as planning and spending, are reflected in the number of infections.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">In 2009, India accounted for half of all cases in the world, but infections plummeted to 42 in 2010 and none in the last 12 months.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">&quot;It is an amazing achievement. I sometimes feel like I have to pinch myself to make sure I am not dreaming it,&quot; Desomer said, while cautioning against premature celebrations.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">&quot;We have to remain vigilant and continue immunisations. Complacency at this stage would be a huge mistake,&quot; he said.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">India will only be judged to have eradicated the disease if it stays polio-free for another two years.</div><div style="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><em>The Economic Times, 8 February, 2012,&nbsp;<a href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/et-cetera/the-heroes-of-indias-quest-to-wipe-out-polio/articleshow/11804066.cms" title="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/et-cetera/the-heroes-of-indias-quest-to-wipe-out-polio/articleshow/11804066.cms">http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/<br />et-cetera/the-heroes-of-indias-quest-to-wipe-out-polio/art<br />icleshow/11804066.cms</a>&nbsp;</em></div>                                                           
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        Health | The heroes of India&#039;s quest to wipe out polio    </title>
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-AFP





Later this month, India will be removed from a dwindling list of countries where polio is considered endemic, a huge achievement made possible by people like Madara, a 76-year-old street hawker.&nbsp;





At a temporary immunisation camp in a slum in the..."/>
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-AFP





Later this month, India will be removed from a dwindling list of countries where polio is considered endemic, a huge achievement made possible by people like Madara, a 76-year-old street hawker.&nbsp;





At a temporary immunisation camp in a slum in the..." />
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">The heroes of India&#039;s quest to wipe out polio</h1>
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		 Published on</span><span class="text-date"> Feb 8, 2012</span>
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                            <div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">-AFP</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Later this month, India will be removed from a dwindling list of countries where polio is considered endemic, a huge achievement made possible by people like Madara, a 76-year-old street hawker.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">At a temporary immunisation camp in a slum in the northern district of Ghaziabad, 23 kilometres (14 miles) from New Delhi, he is busy at work shepherding boisterous children into queues.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">All around, social workers break open tiny bottles containing a polio vaccine, selecting children from the thronging crowd of toddlers and babies and squirting two drops into their mouths.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Madara, a stick-thin resident from a nearby slum, says he began volunteering to help with the vaccination efforts six years ago when he realised he could use his authority as an elderly figure to encourage participation.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">&quot;I decided to get involved because I wanted to do something for the future of our children here,&quot; Madara told AFP.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Most of the youngsters, whose parents are often rag-pickers or hawkers, live in the nearby tarpaulin-covered homes, a cramped zone of shanties where sanitation and awareness about hygiene is poor.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Polio, which can be deadly and also causes deformed limbs, spreads via the fecal matter of victims, making slums particularly high-risk areas.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Lured by the offer of bright plastic whistles and paper masks, children were keen to leave their homes, forming a disorderly crowd around the vaccinators as they dispensed the drops to infants and under-fives.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">India last reported a fresh polio case more than 12 months ago after monumental efforts by millions of social workers and volunteers who have administered 900 million doses of the vaccine in the last year alone.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">If all pending lab tests for the virus return negative as expected, the World Health Organisation will remove India from its list of &quot;polio endemic&quot; countries this month, leaving just Afghanistan, Pakistan and Nigeria in this category.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">As well as polio camps like this one in Ghaziabad, teams have travelled door-to-door, educating families about the illness and delivering the vaccine.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">They have put up makeshift booths in crowded public areas such as train stations, bus stands and markets, and in other locations, including construction sites where they can catch migrant workers and their children.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">A &quot;vaccination on wheels&quot; service was rolled out across the north Indian state of Bihar in which social workers jumped on trains and vaccinated all the children onboard.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">In 2008, when floods devastated the state, vaccinators were even sent out in boats.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">&quot;We had to make a very detailed, dynamic map of the area and send workers in boats to try and get across to stranded families,&quot; Lieven Desomer, head of the polio unit at UN children's agency UNICEF in India, told AFP.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">As well as the problems of access, the government and international agencies behind the immunisation drive faced problems of ignorance and prejudice.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Vaccinators were attacked, anxious parents would hide their babies from social workers, and there was particular resistance from the Muslim communities in the north of the country.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">&quot;There was a general perception that the vaccine was not clean or safe because it came from the West, and that somehow, taking it would make their women and children infertile,&quot; UNICEF's Desomer said.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">India's crushing summer heat also caused difficulties because vaccines have to be kept at a low temperature to prevent them expiring.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Five years ago, campaigners decided to ensure that vials were only carried in special carriers equipped with ice packs.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Desomer credited &quot;the dogged persistence&quot; of the Indian government for the fall in infections, and said that in 2011 alone, the state contributed 80 per cent of the $264 million committed to the fight against polio.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The results of years of innovation, human endeavour, as well as planning and spending, are reflected in the number of infections.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">In 2009, India accounted for half of all cases in the world, but infections plummeted to 42 in 2010 and none in the last 12 months.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">&quot;It is an amazing achievement. I sometimes feel like I have to pinch myself to make sure I am not dreaming it,&quot; Desomer said, while cautioning against premature celebrations.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">&quot;We have to remain vigilant and continue immunisations. Complacency at this stage would be a huge mistake,&quot; he said.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">India will only be judged to have eradicated the disease if it stays polio-free for another two years.</div><div style="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><em>The Economic Times, 8 February, 2012,&nbsp;<a href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/et-cetera/the-heroes-of-indias-quest-to-wipe-out-polio/articleshow/11804066.cms" title="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/et-cetera/the-heroes-of-indias-quest-to-wipe-out-polio/articleshow/11804066.cms">http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/<br />et-cetera/the-heroes-of-indias-quest-to-wipe-out-polio/art<br />icleshow/11804066.cms</a>&nbsp;</em></div>                                                           
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Home हिन्दी

The heroes of India's quest to wipe out polio

Published on Feb 8, 2012   Modified on Feb 8, 2012

-AFP Later this month, India will be removed from a dwindling list of countries where polio is considered endemic, a huge achievement made possible by people like Madara, a 76-year-old street hawker.  At a temporary immunisation camp in a slum in the northern district of Ghaziabad, 23 kilometres (14 miles) from New Delhi, he is busy at work shepherding boisterous children into queues.  All around, social workers break open tiny bottles containing a polio vaccine, selecting children from the thronging crowd of toddlers and babies and squirting two drops into their mouths.  Madara, a stick-thin resident from a nearby slum, says he began volunteering to help with the vaccination efforts six years ago when he realised he could use his authority as an elderly figure to encourage participation.  "I decided to get involved because I wanted to do something for the future of our children here," Madara told AFP.  Most of the youngsters, whose parents are often rag-pickers or hawkers, live in the nearby tarpaulin-covered homes, a cramped zone of shanties where sanitation and awareness about hygiene is poor.  Polio, which can be deadly and also causes deformed limbs, spreads via the fecal matter of victims, making slums particularly high-risk areas.  Lured by the offer of bright plastic whistles and paper masks, children were keen to leave their homes, forming a disorderly crowd around the vaccinators as they dispensed the drops to infants and under-fives.  India last reported a fresh polio case more than 12 months ago after monumental efforts by millions of social workers and volunteers who have administered 900 million doses of the vaccine in the last year alone.  If all pending lab tests for the virus return negative as expected, the World Health Organisation will remove India from its list of "polio endemic" countries this month, leaving just Afghanistan, Pakistan and Nigeria in this category.  As well as polio camps like this one in Ghaziabad, teams have travelled door-to-door, educating families about the illness and delivering the vaccine.  They have put up makeshift booths in crowded public areas such as train stations, bus stands and markets, and in other locations, including construction sites where they can catch migrant workers and their children.  A "vaccination on wheels" service was rolled out across the north Indian state of Bihar in which social workers jumped on trains and vaccinated all the children onboard.  In 2008, when floods devastated the state, vaccinators were even sent out in boats.  "We had to make a very detailed, dynamic map of the area and send workers in boats to try and get across to stranded families," Lieven Desomer, head of the polio unit at UN children's agency UNICEF in India, told AFP.  As well as the problems of access, the government and international agencies behind the immunisation drive faced problems of ignorance and prejudice.  Vaccinators were attacked, anxious parents would hide their babies from social workers, and there was particular resistance from the Muslim communities in the north of the country.  "There was a general perception that the vaccine was not clean or safe because it came from the West, and that somehow, taking it would make their women and children infertile," UNICEF's Desomer said.  India's crushing summer heat also caused difficulties because vaccines have to be kept at a low temperature to prevent them expiring.  Five years ago, campaigners decided to ensure that vials were only carried in special carriers equipped with ice packs.  Desomer credited "the dogged persistence" of the Indian government for the fall in infections, and said that in 2011 alone, the state contributed 80 per cent of the $264 million committed to the fight against polio.  The results of years of innovation, human endeavour, as well as planning and spending, are reflected in the number of infections.  In 2009, India accounted for half of all cases in the world, but infections plummeted to 42 in 2010 and none in the last 12 months.  "It is an amazing achievement. I sometimes feel like I have to pinch myself to make sure I am not dreaming it," Desomer said, while cautioning against premature celebrations.  "We have to remain vigilant and continue immunisations. Complacency at this stage would be a huge mistake," he said.  India will only be judged to have eradicated the disease if it stays polio-free for another two years.     The Economic Times, 8 February, 2012, http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/ et-cetera/the-heroes-of-indias-quest-to-wipe-out-polio/art icleshow/11804066.cms

The Economic Times, 8 February, 2012, http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/et-cetera/the-heroes-of-indias-quest-to-wipe-out-polio/articleshow/11804066.cms

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