Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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<html class="ie ie6" lang='en'> <![endif]-->
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        Environment | Time Bomb Ticking    </title>
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&bull; Extreme&nbsp;temperature&nbsp;shocks&nbsp;reduce&nbsp;farmer incomes&nbsp;by 4.3 percent and 4.1 percent during kharif and rabi respectively, whereas extreme rainfall shocks reduce incomes by 13.7 percent and 5.5 percent *&amp;&nbsp;

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&bull; It is estimated that to cover 50 percent (5 million ha) of the..."/>
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&bull; Extreme&nbsp;temperature&nbsp;shocks&nbsp;reduce&nbsp;farmer incomes&nbsp;by 4.3 percent and 4.1 percent during kharif and rabi respectively, whereas extreme rainfall shocks reduce incomes by 13.7 percent and 5.5 percent *&amp;&nbsp;

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&bull; It is estimated that to cover 50 percent (5 million ha) of the..." />
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=2#counting-the-cost-2022-a-year-of-climate-breakdown-published-in-december-2022">Counting The Cost 2022: A year of climate breakdown, published in December 2022</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=2#global-ev-outlook-2022-securing-supplies-for-an-electric-future">Global EV Outlook 2022: Securing supplies for an electric future</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=3#wmo-state-of-the-global-climate-in-2021-report-released-in-may-2022">WMO State of the Global Climate in 2021 report (released in May, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=3#drought-in-numbers-2022-restoration-for-readiness-and-resilience-released-in-may-2022">Drought in Numbers 2022: Restoration for Readiness and Resilience (released in May, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2022-mitigation-of-climate-change-released-on-april-4-2022">Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change (released on April 4, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2022-impacts-adaptation-and-vulnerability-released-on-february-28-2022">Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (released on February 28, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis-released-on-august-9-2021">Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis (released on August 9, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#25-87-million-hectares-released-in-february-2022">25.87 Million Hectares (released in February, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#india-state-of-forest-report-2021-released-in-january-2022">India State of Forest Report 2021 (released in January 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-intergovernmental-panel-on-climatenbspchange-ipcc-dated-9th-august-2021">Press release by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate&nbsp;Change (IPCC) dated 9th August, 2021</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#climate-nbspchange-nbsp2021-the-physical-science-basis">Climate &nbsp;Change &nbsp;2021: The Physical Science Basis</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-centre-for-science-and-environment-dated-9th-august-2021">Press release by Centre for Science and Environment dated 9th August, 2021</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=6#the-costs-of-climate-change-in-india-a-review-of-the-climate-related-risks-facing-india-and-their-economic-and-social-costs-released-in-june-2021">The costs of climate change in India: A review of the climate-related risks facing India, and their economic and social costs (released in June 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=7#india39s-third-biennial-update-report-to-the-united-nations-framework-convention-on-climate-change-released-in-february-2021">India&#39;s Third Biennial Update Report to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (released in February 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=8#state-of-rural-and-agrarian-india-report-2020-released-on-30th-november-2020">State of Rural and Agrarian India Report 2020 (released on 30th November, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=8#annual-report-2019-20-of-the-reserve-bank-of-india-released-in-august-2020">Annual Report 2019-20 of the Reserve Bank of India (released in August, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=9#assessment-of-climate-change-over-the-indian-region-released-in-june-2020">Assessment of climate change over the Indian region (released in June 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=10#economic-survey-2017-18-volume-1-released-in-january-2018">Economic Survey 2017-18, Volume-1 (released in January, 2018)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=11#innovative-viable-solution-to-rice-residue-burning-in-rice-wheat-cropping-system-through-concurrent-use-of-super-straw-management-system-fitted-combines-and-turbo-happy-seeder-october-2017">Innovative Viable Solution to Rice Residue Burning in Rice-Wheat Cropping System through Concurrent Use of Super Straw Management System-fitted Combines and Turbo Happy Seeder (October, 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=12#statistics-related-to-climate-change-india-2015-prepared-by-the-ministry-of-statistics-and-programme-implementation">Statistics Related to Climate Change-India 2015, prepared by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=13#saarc-india-country-report-2015-statistical-appraisal">SAARC-India Country Report 2015: Statistical Appraisal</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=14#4-degree-turn-down-the-heat-climate-extremes-regional-impacts-and-the-case-for-resilience-2013-the-world-bank">4-degree Turn down the Heat: Climate Extremes, Regional Impacts, and the Case for Resilience (2013), The World Bank</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=15#gajah-securing-the-future-for-elephants-in-india">Gajah: Securing the Future for Elephants in India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=16#compendium-of-environment-statistics-india-2008-2009">Compendium of Environment Statistics India 2008-2009</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=16#report-of-the-committee-to-evolve-road-map-on-management-of-wastes-in-india">Report of the Committee to Evolve Road Map on Management of Wastes in India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=16#the-state-of-world-population-2009-unfpa">The State of World Population 2009 (UNFPA)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=17#state-of-environment-report-india-2009">State of Environment Report India 2009</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=18#climate-change-indiarsquos-perceptions-positions-policies-and-possibilities">Climate Change: India&rsquo;s Perceptions, Positions, Policies and Possibilities</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=18#climate-change-sustainable-development-and-india-global-and-national-concerns">Climate change, sustainable development and India: Global and national concerns</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
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                            <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">KEY TRENDS&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Extreme&nbsp;temperature&nbsp;shocks&nbsp;reduce&nbsp;farmer incomes&nbsp;by 4.3 percent and 4.1 percent during kharif and rabi respectively, whereas extreme rainfall shocks reduce incomes by 13.7 percent and 5.5 percent <strong>*&amp;</strong>&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; It is estimated that to cover 50 percent (5 million ha) of the total acreage under rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) in India, about 60000 Turbo Happy Seeders and 30000 super SMS fitted combines will be required; at present, there are only about 3000 Turbo Happy Seeders and 1000 super SMS fitted combines are available <strong>*$</strong>&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; India&#39;s share of CO2 in the total emissions in the world is very insignificant in per capita terms. The per capita emission of an Indian citizen is 1.2 tons of CO2 whereas his counterpart in USA contributes 20.6 tons, as per UNDP Human Development Report 2007/2008. The per capita emissions of UK and Japan are 8 times and of USA 17 times higher than that of India. India&#39;s contribution to the world total is only 4.6 percent when compared to USA&#39;s contribution of 20.9 percent followed by 17.3 percent of China <strong>$$</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify"><br />&bull; Municipal areas in the country generate 1.34 lakh metric tonnes per day of municipal solid waste (MSW), of which only 91,152 tonnes per day (TPD) waste is collected and 25,884 TPD treated <strong>$</strong><br /><br />&bull; Water pollution is a serious problem in India as almost 75-80 percent of its surface water resources and a growing percentage of its groundwater reserves are contaminated by biological, toxic, organic and inorganic pollutants <strong>$</strong><br /><br />&bull; With global mean warming approaching 4&deg;C, an increase in intra-seasonal variability in the Indian summer monsoon precipitation of approximately 10 percent is projected. Large uncertainty remains about the fundamental behavior of the Indian summer monsoon under global warming. Over southern India, increasing wetness is projected with broad agreement between climate models <strong>&pi;</strong><br /><br />&bull; A 1-metre rise in sea level would displace about 7 million people in India<strong>* </strong><br /><br />&bull; Fossil fuel burning has contributed to most of the greenhouse gas emissions in the past 20 years<strong>*</strong><br /><br />&bull; Global GHG emissions due to human activities have grown since pre-industrial times, with an increase of 70 percent between 1970 and 2004<strong>**</strong><br /><br />&bull; The largest growth in GHG emissions between 1970 and 2004 has come from energy supply, transport and industry, while residential and commercial buildings, forestry (including deforestation) and agriculture sectors have been growing at a lower rate<strong>**</strong><br /><br />&bull; India would face yield losses in rice and wheat along with fall in the rate of growth of gross domestic product owing to climate change<strong>***</strong><br /><br />&bull; Increased occurrence of extreme events (such as cyclones) due to climate change will mostly affect the poor<strong>***</strong><br />&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>*&amp;</strong> Economic Survey 2017-18, Volume-1 (released in January, 2018)[/inside], please <a href="http://mofapp.nic.in:8080/economicsurvey/pdf/082-101_Chapter_06_ENGLISH_Vol_01_2017-18.pdf" title="http://mofapp.nic.in:8080/economicsurvey/pdf/082-101_Chapter_06_ENGLISH_Vol_01_2017-18.pdf">click here</a> to read more</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>*$ </strong>Innovative Viable Solution to Rice Residue Burning in Rice-Wheat Cropping System through Concurrent Use of Super Straw Management System-fitted Combines and Turbo Happy Seeder (October, 2017), National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS), please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Policy%20Brief%20Crop%20Burning.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Policy%20Brief%20Crop%20Burning.pdf">click here</a> to access&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>$$</strong> Statistics Related to Climate Change-India 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/climateChangeStat2015.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/climateChangeStat2015.pdf">click here</a> to access</p><p style="text-align:justify"><br /><strong>$</strong> SAARC-India Country Report 2015: Statistical Appraisal, produced by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), Government of India (please <a href="https://im4change.org/docs/94376SAARC_India_Country_Report_2015.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/docs/94376SAARC_India_Country_Report_2015.pdf">click here</a> to access)</p><p style="text-align:justify"><br /><strong>&pi;</strong> 4-degree Turn down the Heat: Climate Extremes, Regional Impacts, and the Case for Resilience (2013), The World Bank</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>*</strong> Ministry of Environment, Government of India<br /><br /><strong>**</strong> Climate Change (2007): Synthesis Report brought out by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<br /><br /><strong>***</strong> Parikh, Kirit and Parikh, Jyoti (2002): Climate Change-India&rsquo;s Perceptions, Positions, Policies and Possibilities, OECD<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">                                                                    <br>
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&bull; Extreme&nbsp;temperature&nbsp;shocks&nbsp;reduce&nbsp;farmer incomes&nbsp;by 4.3 percent and 4.1 percent during kharif and rabi respectively, whereas extreme rainfall shocks reduce incomes by 13.7 percent and 5.5 percent *&amp;&nbsp;

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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=2#counting-the-cost-2022-a-year-of-climate-breakdown-published-in-december-2022">Counting The Cost 2022: A year of climate breakdown, published in December 2022</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=2#global-ev-outlook-2022-securing-supplies-for-an-electric-future">Global EV Outlook 2022: Securing supplies for an electric future</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=3#wmo-state-of-the-global-climate-in-2021-report-released-in-may-2022">WMO State of the Global Climate in 2021 report (released in May, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=3#drought-in-numbers-2022-restoration-for-readiness-and-resilience-released-in-may-2022">Drought in Numbers 2022: Restoration for Readiness and Resilience (released in May, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2022-mitigation-of-climate-change-released-on-april-4-2022">Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change (released on April 4, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2022-impacts-adaptation-and-vulnerability-released-on-february-28-2022">Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (released on February 28, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis-released-on-august-9-2021">Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis (released on August 9, 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#25-87-million-hectares-released-in-february-2022">25.87 Million Hectares (released in February, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#india-state-of-forest-report-2021-released-in-january-2022">India State of Forest Report 2021 (released in January 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-intergovernmental-panel-on-climatenbspchange-ipcc-dated-9th-august-2021">Press release by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate&nbsp;Change (IPCC) dated 9th August, 2021</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-centre-for-science-and-environment-dated-9th-august-2021">Press release by Centre for Science and Environment dated 9th August, 2021</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=6#the-costs-of-climate-change-in-india-a-review-of-the-climate-related-risks-facing-india-and-their-economic-and-social-costs-released-in-june-2021">The costs of climate change in India: A review of the climate-related risks facing India, and their economic and social costs (released in June 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=7#india39s-third-biennial-update-report-to-the-united-nations-framework-convention-on-climate-change-released-in-february-2021">India&#39;s Third Biennial Update Report to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (released in February 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=8#state-of-rural-and-agrarian-india-report-2020-released-on-30th-november-2020">State of Rural and Agrarian India Report 2020 (released on 30th November, 2020)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=8#annual-report-2019-20-of-the-reserve-bank-of-india-released-in-august-2020">Annual Report 2019-20 of the Reserve Bank of India (released in August, 2020)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=9#assessment-of-climate-change-over-the-indian-region-released-in-june-2020">Assessment of climate change over the Indian region (released in June 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=10#economic-survey-2017-18-volume-1-released-in-january-2018">Economic Survey 2017-18, Volume-1 (released in January, 2018)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=11#innovative-viable-solution-to-rice-residue-burning-in-rice-wheat-cropping-system-through-concurrent-use-of-super-straw-management-system-fitted-combines-and-turbo-happy-seeder-october-2017">Innovative Viable Solution to Rice Residue Burning in Rice-Wheat Cropping System through Concurrent Use of Super Straw Management System-fitted Combines and Turbo Happy Seeder (October, 2017)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=12#statistics-related-to-climate-change-india-2015-prepared-by-the-ministry-of-statistics-and-programme-implementation">Statistics Related to Climate Change-India 2015, prepared by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=13#saarc-india-country-report-2015-statistical-appraisal">SAARC-India Country Report 2015: Statistical Appraisal</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=14#4-degree-turn-down-the-heat-climate-extremes-regional-impacts-and-the-case-for-resilience-2013-the-world-bank">4-degree Turn down the Heat: Climate Extremes, Regional Impacts, and the Case for Resilience (2013), The World Bank</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=15#gajah-securing-the-future-for-elephants-in-india">Gajah: Securing the Future for Elephants in India</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=16#compendium-of-environment-statistics-india-2008-2009">Compendium of Environment Statistics India 2008-2009</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=16#report-of-the-committee-to-evolve-road-map-on-management-of-wastes-in-india">Report of the Committee to Evolve Road Map on Management of Wastes in India</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=16#the-state-of-world-population-2009-unfpa">The State of World Population 2009 (UNFPA)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=17#state-of-environment-report-india-2009">State of Environment Report India 2009</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=18#climate-change-indiarsquos-perceptions-positions-policies-and-possibilities">Climate Change: India&rsquo;s Perceptions, Positions, Policies and Possibilities</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=18#climate-change-sustainable-development-and-india-global-and-national-concerns">Climate change, sustainable development and India: Global and national concerns</a>
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                            <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">KEY TRENDS&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Extreme&nbsp;temperature&nbsp;shocks&nbsp;reduce&nbsp;farmer incomes&nbsp;by 4.3 percent and 4.1 percent during kharif and rabi respectively, whereas extreme rainfall shocks reduce incomes by 13.7 percent and 5.5 percent <strong>*&amp;</strong>&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; It is estimated that to cover 50 percent (5 million ha) of the total acreage under rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) in India, about 60000 Turbo Happy Seeders and 30000 super SMS fitted combines will be required; at present, there are only about 3000 Turbo Happy Seeders and 1000 super SMS fitted combines are available <strong>*$</strong>&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; India&#39;s share of CO2 in the total emissions in the world is very insignificant in per capita terms. The per capita emission of an Indian citizen is 1.2 tons of CO2 whereas his counterpart in USA contributes 20.6 tons, as per UNDP Human Development Report 2007/2008. The per capita emissions of UK and Japan are 8 times and of USA 17 times higher than that of India. India&#39;s contribution to the world total is only 4.6 percent when compared to USA&#39;s contribution of 20.9 percent followed by 17.3 percent of China <strong>$$</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify"><br />&bull; Municipal areas in the country generate 1.34 lakh metric tonnes per day of municipal solid waste (MSW), of which only 91,152 tonnes per day (TPD) waste is collected and 25,884 TPD treated <strong>$</strong><br /><br />&bull; Water pollution is a serious problem in India as almost 75-80 percent of its surface water resources and a growing percentage of its groundwater reserves are contaminated by biological, toxic, organic and inorganic pollutants <strong>$</strong><br /><br />&bull; With global mean warming approaching 4&deg;C, an increase in intra-seasonal variability in the Indian summer monsoon precipitation of approximately 10 percent is projected. Large uncertainty remains about the fundamental behavior of the Indian summer monsoon under global warming. Over southern India, increasing wetness is projected with broad agreement between climate models <strong>&pi;</strong><br /><br />&bull; A 1-metre rise in sea level would displace about 7 million people in India<strong>* </strong><br /><br />&bull; Fossil fuel burning has contributed to most of the greenhouse gas emissions in the past 20 years<strong>*</strong><br /><br />&bull; Global GHG emissions due to human activities have grown since pre-industrial times, with an increase of 70 percent between 1970 and 2004<strong>**</strong><br /><br />&bull; The largest growth in GHG emissions between 1970 and 2004 has come from energy supply, transport and industry, while residential and commercial buildings, forestry (including deforestation) and agriculture sectors have been growing at a lower rate<strong>**</strong><br /><br />&bull; India would face yield losses in rice and wheat along with fall in the rate of growth of gross domestic product owing to climate change<strong>***</strong><br /><br />&bull; Increased occurrence of extreme events (such as cyclones) due to climate change will mostly affect the poor<strong>***</strong><br />&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>*&amp;</strong> Economic Survey 2017-18, Volume-1 (released in January, 2018)[/inside], please <a href="http://mofapp.nic.in:8080/economicsurvey/pdf/082-101_Chapter_06_ENGLISH_Vol_01_2017-18.pdf" title="http://mofapp.nic.in:8080/economicsurvey/pdf/082-101_Chapter_06_ENGLISH_Vol_01_2017-18.pdf">click here</a> to read more</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>*$ </strong>Innovative Viable Solution to Rice Residue Burning in Rice-Wheat Cropping System through Concurrent Use of Super Straw Management System-fitted Combines and Turbo Happy Seeder (October, 2017), National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS), please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Policy%20Brief%20Crop%20Burning.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Policy%20Brief%20Crop%20Burning.pdf">click here</a> to access&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>$$</strong> Statistics Related to Climate Change-India 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/climateChangeStat2015.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/climateChangeStat2015.pdf">click here</a> to access</p><p style="text-align:justify"><br /><strong>$</strong> SAARC-India Country Report 2015: Statistical Appraisal, produced by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), Government of India (please <a href="https://im4change.org/docs/94376SAARC_India_Country_Report_2015.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/docs/94376SAARC_India_Country_Report_2015.pdf">click here</a> to access)</p><p style="text-align:justify"><br /><strong>&pi;</strong> 4-degree Turn down the Heat: Climate Extremes, Regional Impacts, and the Case for Resilience (2013), The World Bank</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>*</strong> Ministry of Environment, Government of India<br /><br /><strong>**</strong> Climate Change (2007): Synthesis Report brought out by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<br /><br /><strong>***</strong> Parikh, Kirit and Parikh, Jyoti (2002): Climate Change-India&rsquo;s Perceptions, Positions, Policies and Possibilities, OECD<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">                                                                    <br>
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&bull; Extreme&nbsp;temperature&nbsp;shocks&nbsp;reduce&nbsp;farmer incomes&nbsp;by 4.3 percent and 4.1 percent during kharif and rabi respectively, whereas extreme rainfall shocks reduce incomes by 13.7 percent and 5.5 percent *&amp;&nbsp;

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&bull; Extreme&nbsp;temperature&nbsp;shocks&nbsp;reduce&nbsp;farmer incomes&nbsp;by 4.3 percent and 4.1 percent during kharif and rabi respectively, whereas extreme rainfall shocks reduce incomes by 13.7 percent and 5.5 percent *&amp;&nbsp;

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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Time Bomb Ticking</h1>
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=2#counting-the-cost-2022-a-year-of-climate-breakdown-published-in-december-2022">Counting The Cost 2022: A year of climate breakdown, published in December 2022</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=2#global-ev-outlook-2022-securing-supplies-for-an-electric-future">Global EV Outlook 2022: Securing supplies for an electric future</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=3#wmo-state-of-the-global-climate-in-2021-report-released-in-may-2022">WMO State of the Global Climate in 2021 report (released in May, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=3#drought-in-numbers-2022-restoration-for-readiness-and-resilience-released-in-may-2022">Drought in Numbers 2022: Restoration for Readiness and Resilience (released in May, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2022-mitigation-of-climate-change-released-on-april-4-2022">Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change (released on April 4, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2022-impacts-adaptation-and-vulnerability-released-on-february-28-2022">Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (released on February 28, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis-released-on-august-9-2021">Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis (released on August 9, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#25-87-million-hectares-released-in-february-2022">25.87 Million Hectares (released in February, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#india-state-of-forest-report-2021-released-in-january-2022">India State of Forest Report 2021 (released in January 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-intergovernmental-panel-on-climatenbspchange-ipcc-dated-9th-august-2021">Press release by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate&nbsp;Change (IPCC) dated 9th August, 2021</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
                                                                                            <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#climate-nbspchange-nbsp2021-the-physical-science-basis">Climate &nbsp;Change &nbsp;2021: The Physical Science Basis</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-centre-for-science-and-environment-dated-9th-august-2021">Press release by Centre for Science and Environment dated 9th August, 2021</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=6#the-costs-of-climate-change-in-india-a-review-of-the-climate-related-risks-facing-india-and-their-economic-and-social-costs-released-in-june-2021">The costs of climate change in India: A review of the climate-related risks facing India, and their economic and social costs (released in June 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=7#india39s-third-biennial-update-report-to-the-united-nations-framework-convention-on-climate-change-released-in-february-2021">India&#39;s Third Biennial Update Report to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (released in February 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=8#state-of-rural-and-agrarian-india-report-2020-released-on-30th-november-2020">State of Rural and Agrarian India Report 2020 (released on 30th November, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=8#annual-report-2019-20-of-the-reserve-bank-of-india-released-in-august-2020">Annual Report 2019-20 of the Reserve Bank of India (released in August, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=9#assessment-of-climate-change-over-the-indian-region-released-in-june-2020">Assessment of climate change over the Indian region (released in June 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=10#economic-survey-2017-18-volume-1-released-in-january-2018">Economic Survey 2017-18, Volume-1 (released in January, 2018)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=11#innovative-viable-solution-to-rice-residue-burning-in-rice-wheat-cropping-system-through-concurrent-use-of-super-straw-management-system-fitted-combines-and-turbo-happy-seeder-october-2017">Innovative Viable Solution to Rice Residue Burning in Rice-Wheat Cropping System through Concurrent Use of Super Straw Management System-fitted Combines and Turbo Happy Seeder (October, 2017)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=12#statistics-related-to-climate-change-india-2015-prepared-by-the-ministry-of-statistics-and-programme-implementation">Statistics Related to Climate Change-India 2015, prepared by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=13#saarc-india-country-report-2015-statistical-appraisal">SAARC-India Country Report 2015: Statistical Appraisal</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=14#4-degree-turn-down-the-heat-climate-extremes-regional-impacts-and-the-case-for-resilience-2013-the-world-bank">4-degree Turn down the Heat: Climate Extremes, Regional Impacts, and the Case for Resilience (2013), The World Bank</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=15#gajah-securing-the-future-for-elephants-in-india">Gajah: Securing the Future for Elephants in India</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=16#compendium-of-environment-statistics-india-2008-2009">Compendium of Environment Statistics India 2008-2009</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=16#report-of-the-committee-to-evolve-road-map-on-management-of-wastes-in-india">Report of the Committee to Evolve Road Map on Management of Wastes in India</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=16#the-state-of-world-population-2009-unfpa">The State of World Population 2009 (UNFPA)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=17#state-of-environment-report-india-2009">State of Environment Report India 2009</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=18#climate-change-indiarsquos-perceptions-positions-policies-and-possibilities">Climate Change: India&rsquo;s Perceptions, Positions, Policies and Possibilities</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=18#climate-change-sustainable-development-and-india-global-and-national-concerns">Climate change, sustainable development and India: Global and national concerns</a>
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                                                                                                </ul>
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                            <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">KEY TRENDS&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Extreme&nbsp;temperature&nbsp;shocks&nbsp;reduce&nbsp;farmer incomes&nbsp;by 4.3 percent and 4.1 percent during kharif and rabi respectively, whereas extreme rainfall shocks reduce incomes by 13.7 percent and 5.5 percent <strong>*&amp;</strong>&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; It is estimated that to cover 50 percent (5 million ha) of the total acreage under rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) in India, about 60000 Turbo Happy Seeders and 30000 super SMS fitted combines will be required; at present, there are only about 3000 Turbo Happy Seeders and 1000 super SMS fitted combines are available <strong>*$</strong>&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; India&#39;s share of CO2 in the total emissions in the world is very insignificant in per capita terms. The per capita emission of an Indian citizen is 1.2 tons of CO2 whereas his counterpart in USA contributes 20.6 tons, as per UNDP Human Development Report 2007/2008. The per capita emissions of UK and Japan are 8 times and of USA 17 times higher than that of India. India&#39;s contribution to the world total is only 4.6 percent when compared to USA&#39;s contribution of 20.9 percent followed by 17.3 percent of China <strong>$$</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify"><br />&bull; Municipal areas in the country generate 1.34 lakh metric tonnes per day of municipal solid waste (MSW), of which only 91,152 tonnes per day (TPD) waste is collected and 25,884 TPD treated <strong>$</strong><br /><br />&bull; Water pollution is a serious problem in India as almost 75-80 percent of its surface water resources and a growing percentage of its groundwater reserves are contaminated by biological, toxic, organic and inorganic pollutants <strong>$</strong><br /><br />&bull; With global mean warming approaching 4&deg;C, an increase in intra-seasonal variability in the Indian summer monsoon precipitation of approximately 10 percent is projected. Large uncertainty remains about the fundamental behavior of the Indian summer monsoon under global warming. Over southern India, increasing wetness is projected with broad agreement between climate models <strong>&pi;</strong><br /><br />&bull; A 1-metre rise in sea level would displace about 7 million people in India<strong>* </strong><br /><br />&bull; Fossil fuel burning has contributed to most of the greenhouse gas emissions in the past 20 years<strong>*</strong><br /><br />&bull; Global GHG emissions due to human activities have grown since pre-industrial times, with an increase of 70 percent between 1970 and 2004<strong>**</strong><br /><br />&bull; The largest growth in GHG emissions between 1970 and 2004 has come from energy supply, transport and industry, while residential and commercial buildings, forestry (including deforestation) and agriculture sectors have been growing at a lower rate<strong>**</strong><br /><br />&bull; India would face yield losses in rice and wheat along with fall in the rate of growth of gross domestic product owing to climate change<strong>***</strong><br /><br />&bull; Increased occurrence of extreme events (such as cyclones) due to climate change will mostly affect the poor<strong>***</strong><br />&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>*&amp;</strong> Economic Survey 2017-18, Volume-1 (released in January, 2018)[/inside], please <a href="http://mofapp.nic.in:8080/economicsurvey/pdf/082-101_Chapter_06_ENGLISH_Vol_01_2017-18.pdf" title="http://mofapp.nic.in:8080/economicsurvey/pdf/082-101_Chapter_06_ENGLISH_Vol_01_2017-18.pdf">click here</a> to read more</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>*$ </strong>Innovative Viable Solution to Rice Residue Burning in Rice-Wheat Cropping System through Concurrent Use of Super Straw Management System-fitted Combines and Turbo Happy Seeder (October, 2017), National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS), please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Policy%20Brief%20Crop%20Burning.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Policy%20Brief%20Crop%20Burning.pdf">click here</a> to access&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>$$</strong> Statistics Related to Climate Change-India 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/climateChangeStat2015.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/climateChangeStat2015.pdf">click here</a> to access</p><p style="text-align:justify"><br /><strong>$</strong> SAARC-India Country Report 2015: Statistical Appraisal, produced by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), Government of India (please <a href="https://im4change.org/docs/94376SAARC_India_Country_Report_2015.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/docs/94376SAARC_India_Country_Report_2015.pdf">click here</a> to access)</p><p style="text-align:justify"><br /><strong>&pi;</strong> 4-degree Turn down the Heat: Climate Extremes, Regional Impacts, and the Case for Resilience (2013), The World Bank</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>*</strong> Ministry of Environment, Government of India<br /><br /><strong>**</strong> Climate Change (2007): Synthesis Report brought out by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<br /><br /><strong>***</strong> Parikh, Kirit and Parikh, Jyoti (2002): Climate Change-India&rsquo;s Perceptions, Positions, Policies and Possibilities, OECD<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">                                                                    <br>
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Time Bomb Ticking

What's Inside Counting The Cost 2022: A year of climate breakdown, published in December 2022 Global EV Outlook 2022: Securing supplies for an electric future WMO State of the Global Climate in 2021 report (released in May, 2022) Drought in Numbers 2022: Restoration for Readiness and Resilience (released in May, 2022) Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change (released on April 4, 2022) Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (released on February 28, 2022) Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis (released on August 9, 2021) 25.87 Million Hectares (released in February, 2022) India State of Forest Report 2021 (released in January 2022) Press release by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) dated 9th August, 2021 More Climate  Change  2021: The Physical Science Basis Press release by Centre for Science and Environment dated 9th August, 2021 The costs of climate change in India: A review of the climate-related risks facing India, and their economic and social costs (released in June 2021) India's Third Biennial Update Report to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (released in February 2021) State of Rural and Agrarian India Report 2020 (released on 30th November, 2020) Annual Report 2019-20 of the Reserve Bank of India (released in August, 2020) Assessment of climate change over the Indian region (released in June 2020) Economic Survey 2017-18, Volume-1 (released in January, 2018) Innovative Viable Solution to Rice Residue Burning in Rice-Wheat Cropping System through Concurrent Use of Super Straw Management System-fitted Combines and Turbo Happy Seeder (October, 2017) Statistics Related to Climate Change-India 2015, prepared by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation SAARC-India Country Report 2015: Statistical Appraisal 4-degree Turn down the Heat: Climate Extremes, Regional Impacts, and the Case for Resilience (2013), The World Bank Gajah: Securing the Future for Elephants in India Compendium of Environment Statistics India 2008-2009 Report of the Committee to Evolve Road Map on Management of Wastes in India The State of World Population 2009 (UNFPA) State of Environment Report India 2009 Climate Change: India’s Perceptions, Positions, Policies and Possibilities Climate change, sustainable development and India: Global and national concerns Less KEY TRENDS    • Extreme temperature shocks reduce farmer incomes by 4.3 percent and 4.1 percent during kharif and rabi respectively, whereas extreme rainfall shocks reduce incomes by 13.7 percent and 5.5 percent *&    • It is estimated that to cover 50 percent (5 million ha) of the total acreage under rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) in India, about 60000 Turbo Happy Seeders and 30000 super SMS fitted combines will be required; at present, there are only about 3000 Turbo Happy Seeders and 1000 super SMS fitted combines are available *$    • India's share of CO2 in the total emissions in the world is very insignificant in per capita terms. The per capita emission of an Indian citizen is 1.2 tons of CO2 whereas his counterpart in USA contributes 20.6 tons, as per UNDP Human Development Report 2007/2008. The per capita emissions of UK and Japan are 8 times and of USA 17 times higher than that of India. India's contribution to the world total is only 4.6 percent when compared to USA's contribution of 20.9 percent followed by 17.3 percent of China $$ • Municipal areas in the country generate 1.34 lakh metric tonnes per day of municipal solid waste (MSW), of which only 91,152 tonnes per day (TPD) waste is collected and 25,884 TPD treated $ • Water pollution is a serious problem in India as almost 75-80 percent of its surface water resources and a growing percentage of its groundwater reserves are contaminated by biological, toxic, organic and inorganic pollutants $ • With global mean warming approaching 4°C, an increase in intra-seasonal variability in the Indian summer monsoon precipitation of approximately 10 percent is projected. Large uncertainty remains about the fundamental behavior of the Indian summer monsoon under global warming. Over southern India, increasing wetness is projected with broad agreement between climate models π • A 1-metre rise in sea level would displace about 7 million people in India* • Fossil fuel burning has contributed to most of the greenhouse gas emissions in the past 20 years* • Global GHG emissions due to human activities have grown since pre-industrial times, with an increase of 70 percent between 1970 and 2004** • The largest growth in GHG emissions between 1970 and 2004 has come from energy supply, transport and industry, while residential and commercial buildings, forestry (including deforestation) and agriculture sectors have been growing at a lower rate** • India would face yield losses in rice and wheat along with fall in the rate of growth of gross domestic product owing to climate change*** • Increased occurrence of extreme events (such as cyclones) due to climate change will mostly affect the poor***   *& Economic Survey 2017-18, Volume-1 (released in January, 2018)[/inside], please click here to read more   *$ Innovative Viable Solution to Rice Residue Burning in Rice-Wheat Cropping System through Concurrent Use of Super Straw Management System-fitted Combines and Turbo Happy Seeder (October, 2017), National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS), please click here to access     $$ Statistics Related to Climate Change-India 2015, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please click here to access $ SAARC-India Country Report 2015: Statistical Appraisal, produced by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), Government of India (please click here to access) π 4-degree Turn down the Heat: Climate Extremes, Regional Impacts, and the Case for Resilience (2013), The World Bank   * Ministry of Environment, Government of India ** Climate Change (2007): Synthesis Report brought out by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change *** Parikh, Kirit and Parikh, Jyoti (2002): Climate Change-India’s Perceptions, Positions, Policies and Possibilities, OECD « previous123456789101112131415161718next »

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