Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
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Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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&bull; According&nbsp;to National&nbsp;Sample Survey report no. 583: Persons with Disabilities in India, the percentage of persons with disability who received aid/help from Government was 21.8 percent, 1.8 percent received aid/help from organisation other than Government and another 76.4 percent..."/>
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&bull; According&nbsp;to National&nbsp;Sample Survey report no. 583: Persons with Disabilities in India, the percentage of persons with disability who received aid/help from Government was 21.8 percent, 1.8 percent received aid/help from organisation other than Government and another 76.4 percent..." />
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=2#india-discrimination-report-2022-released-in-september-2022">India Discrimination Report 2022 (released in September 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=2#press-release-by-national-coalition-for-strengthening-scs-and-sts-poa-act-ncspa-and-national-dalit-movement-for-justice-ndmj-dated-30-august-2022">Press release by National Coalition for Strengthening SCs and STs (PoA) Act (NCSPA) and National Dalit Movement for Justice (NDMJ) dated 30 August, 2022</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=2#nss-report-no-583-persons-with-disabilities-in-india-nss-76th-round-july-2018-to-december-2018-released-in-november-2019">NSS report no. 583: Persons with Disabilities in India, NSS 76th round, July 2018 to December 2018 (released in November, 2019)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=3#report-of-the-expert-committee-on-tribal-health-tribal-health-in-india-bridging-the-gap-and-a-roadmap-for-the-future-2018">Report of the Expert Committee on Tribal Health: Tribal Health in India -- Bridging the Gap and a Roadmap for the Future (2018)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=4#the-scheduled-caste-and-the-scheduled-tribes-prevention-of-atrocities-act-1989">The Scheduled Caste and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act (1989)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=5#india-exclusion-report-2015">India Exclusion Report 2015</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=6#moving-to-universal-coverage-trends-in-the-burden-of-out-of-pocket-payments-for-health-care-across-social-groups-in-india-1999-2000-to-2011-12">Moving to Universal Coverage? Trends in the Burden of Out-Of-Pocket Payments for Health Care across Social Groups in India, 1999-2000 to 2011-12</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=7#india-exclusion-report-2013-14">India Exclusion Report 2013-14</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=8#conditions-of-scst-households-a-story-of-unequal-improvement-by-rb-bhagat-2013">Conditions of SC/ST Households: A Story of Unequal Improvement by RB Bhagat (2013)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=9#tribal-profile-at-a-glance-may-2013">Tribal Profile at a Glance (May 2013)</a>
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                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=10#status-of-implementation-of-the-decisions-taken-by-government-on-the-follow-up-action-on-the-recommendations-of-the-sachar-committee-upto-1st-february-2018">Status of Implementation of the Decisions taken by Government on the follow-up action on the Recommendations of the Sachar Committee (upto 1st February, 2018)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=10#sachar-committee-recommendations">Sachar Committee Recommendations</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=10#sachar-committee-report">Sachar Committee Report</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                            <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
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                            <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>KEY TRENDS</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; According&nbsp;to National&nbsp;Sample Survey report no. 583: Persons with Disabilities in India, the percentage of persons with disability who received aid/help from Government was 21.8 percent, 1.8 percent received aid/help from organisation other than Government and another 76.4 percent did not receive aid/ help <strong>*8</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; As per National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4), the Under-five Mortality Rate (U5MR) was 57.2 per 1,000 live births <em>(for the non-STs it was 38.5)</em> <strong>*7</strong>&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Occupational vulnerability, stated by the Hashim Committee, comes about due to the &lsquo;fact that the large majority of the urban poor are trapped in low end jobs&mdash;insecure, low paid, low productivity with debilitating work conditions&mdash;mainly in the informal sector.&rsquo; Third party interventions in the job market based on commissions, lack of social protection at work, seasonal casual employment (like fishing) and so forth are major reasons for vulnerability. Some of the occupations falling under this category are noted to include &lsquo;daily wage workers, construction labour, petty traders, hawkers, street children, sex-workers, rickshaw-puller[s], domestic workers, etc.&rsquo; <strong>*6</strong><br /><br />&bull;&nbsp; The proportion of rural households with regular wage/salary earning as the major source was the highest among &#39;others&#39; or forward caste category (13.3 percent), followed by OBC (9 percent), SC (8.5 percent) and ST (6.3 percent) during July 2011 - June 2012 <strong>*5</strong><br /><br />&bull;&nbsp; The proportion of rural households with casual labour as the major source of income was much higher among SC (52.6 percent) and ST (38.3 percent) than among the OBC (32.1 percent) and general class (21 percent) during July 2011 - June 2012 <strong>*5</strong><br /><br />&bull; The percentage of households using LPG/PNG was just 9.2 percent among STs as compared to 16.9 percent among SCs and 28.5 percent among all households in 2011 <strong>*4</strong><br /><br />&bull; Access to banking services is found to have more than doubled - an increase from 19 percent (in 2001) to 45 percent (in 2011) among STs and from 25 percent (in 2001) to 51 percent (in 2011) among SCs <strong>*4</strong><br /><br />&bull; Access to television has increased from 12 percent (in 2001) to 21.8 percent (in 2011) among STs and from 21.2 percent (in 2001) to 39.1 percent (in 2011) among SCs <strong>*4</strong><br /><br />&bull; Access to telephone has decreased from 2.5 percent (in 2001) to 1.9 percent (in 2011) among STs and from 3.4 percent (in 2001) to 3.0 percent (in 2011) among SCs <strong>*4</strong><br /><br />&bull; The incidence of poverty in rural areas during 2009-10 among dalits (SCs) is 31.7 percent, adivasis (STs) is 33.8 percent and Muslims is 25.6 percent while the same among the entire population is 23.7 percent as per the India Public Policy Report 2014 (based on NSS data) <strong>*3</strong><br /><br />&bull; The incidence of poverty in urban areas during 2009-10 among dalits (SCs) is 31.0 percent, adivasis (STs) is 34.3 percent and Muslims is 37.1 percent while the same among the entire population is 23.2 percent as per the India Public Policy Report 2014 (based on NSS data) <strong>*3</strong><br /><br />&bull; NSSO data for 2009-10 shows that 92.1 percent of Scheduled Castes (SCs) in rural areas were landless or had landholdings of one hectare or less. This has led to a preponderance of SCs in casual labour. NSSO statistics indicate that in 2009-10, 76.5 percent of Scheduled Tribe (ST) households in rural areas were either landless or had less than 1 hectare of land. The share of tribal households with small and marginal landholdings has been steadily increasing over time <strong>*3</strong><br /><br />&bull; Among the poorest 20 percent households, proportion of out-of-pocket healthcare expenses in the total expenditure rose from 3.21 percent in 2000 to 4.12 percent in 2012 while among the richest 20 percent households, the same increased from 7.18 percent in 2000 to 8.52 percent in 2012 <strong>*2</strong><br /><br />&bull; The share of out-of-pocket in total household spending increased sharply among Muslims (relative to non-Muslims) during 2000-2012 in all three of the indicators of OOP shares - outpatient care, inpatient care and overall - so their OOP spending burden also increased <strong>*2</strong><br /><br />&bull; Among the SC/ST households, proportion of out-of-pocket healthcare expenses in the total expenditure rose from 5.23 percent in 2000 to 6.57 percent in 2012 while among the Muslim households, the same increased from 5.49 percent in 2000 to 7.02 percent in 2012 <strong>*2</strong><br /><br />&bull; Only 22.6 percent ST households have latrine facility within the premises as compared to 46.9 percent households belonging to all social groups. Roughly 74.7 percent ST households practice open defecation as compared to 49.8 percent households belonging to all social groups (based on Census 2011)&nbsp; <strong>*1</strong>&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>8.</strong> NSS report no. 583: Persons with Disabilities in India, NSS 76th round, July 2018 to December 2018, released in November, 2019, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Report_583_Final_0.pdf" title="http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Report_583_Final_0.pdf">click here</a> to access</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>7. </strong>Report of the Expert Committee on Tribal Health: Tribal Health in India -- Bridging the Gap and a Roadmap for the Future (2018), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and Ministry of Tribal Affairs, please click <a href="https://im4change.org/docs/39817Tribal-Health-Report-First-Comprehensive-Report-on-Tribal-Health-in-India.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/docs/39817Tribal-Health-Report-First-Comprehensive-Report-on-Tribal-Health-in-India.pdf">here</a> and <a href="http://tribalhealthreport.in/?Website_Launch_Mail" title="http://tribalhealthreport.in/?Website_Launch_Mail">here</a> to access</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>6.</strong> India Exclusion Report 2015, prepared by Centre for Equity Studies in collaboration with various organizations, (please <a href="https://im4change.org/docs/91763text-final_India-Exclusion-Report-round2Final.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/docs/91763text-final_India-Exclusion-Report-round2Final.pdf">click here</a> to access the report)&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>5.</strong> NSS 68th Round Report: Employment and Unemployment Situation among Social Groups in India 2011-12 (released in January 2015) (kindly <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_rep_563_13mar15.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_rep_563_13mar15.pdf">click here</a> to access the report)</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>4.</strong> Conditions of SC/ST Households: A Story of Unequal Improvement by RB Bhagat, Economic and Political Weekly, October 12, 2013, Vol xlviiI 62 no. 41 (Please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Conditions_of_SCST_Households_1.pdf" title="Conditions of SCST households" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Conditions_of_SCST_Households_1.pdf" title="Conditions of SCST households">click here</a> to download)</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>3.</strong> India Exclusion Report 2013-14 (Please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Exclusion%20Report%202013-14_Ebook.pdf" title="India Exclusion Report 2013 14" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Exclusion%20Report%202013-14_Ebook.pdf" title="India Exclusion Report 2013 14">click here</a> to download)</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>2.</strong> Moving to Universal Coverage? Trends in the Burden of Out-Of-Pocket Payments for Health Care across Social Groups in India, 1999-2000 to 2011-12 by Anup Karan, Sakthivel Selvaraj and Ajay Mahal, Plos One Journal, August 15, 2014 (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Out%20of%20pocket%20expenditure%20on%20health%20by%20various%20social%20groups.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Out%20of%20pocket%20expenditure%20on%20health%20by%20various%20social%20groups.pdf">click here</a> to access)</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>1.</strong> Tribal Profile at a Glance (May 2013), Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Scheduled%20Tribe%20Population.pdf" title="Tribal Profile at a Glance" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Scheduled%20Tribe%20Population.pdf" title="Tribal Profile at a Glance">click here</a> to download)</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
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                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=2#india-discrimination-report-2022-released-in-september-2022">India Discrimination Report 2022 (released in September 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=2#press-release-by-national-coalition-for-strengthening-scs-and-sts-poa-act-ncspa-and-national-dalit-movement-for-justice-ndmj-dated-30-august-2022">Press release by National Coalition for Strengthening SCs and STs (PoA) Act (NCSPA) and National Dalit Movement for Justice (NDMJ) dated 30 August, 2022</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=2#nss-report-no-583-persons-with-disabilities-in-india-nss-76th-round-july-2018-to-december-2018-released-in-november-2019">NSS report no. 583: Persons with Disabilities in India, NSS 76th round, July 2018 to December 2018 (released in November, 2019)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=3#report-of-the-expert-committee-on-tribal-health-tribal-health-in-india-bridging-the-gap-and-a-roadmap-for-the-future-2018">Report of the Expert Committee on Tribal Health: Tribal Health in India -- Bridging the Gap and a Roadmap for the Future (2018)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=4#the-scheduled-caste-and-the-scheduled-tribes-prevention-of-atrocities-act-1989">The Scheduled Caste and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act (1989)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=5#india-exclusion-report-2015">India Exclusion Report 2015</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=6#moving-to-universal-coverage-trends-in-the-burden-of-out-of-pocket-payments-for-health-care-across-social-groups-in-india-1999-2000-to-2011-12">Moving to Universal Coverage? Trends in the Burden of Out-Of-Pocket Payments for Health Care across Social Groups in India, 1999-2000 to 2011-12</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=7#india-exclusion-report-2013-14">India Exclusion Report 2013-14</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=8#conditions-of-scst-households-a-story-of-unequal-improvement-by-rb-bhagat-2013">Conditions of SC/ST Households: A Story of Unequal Improvement by RB Bhagat (2013)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=9#tribal-profile-at-a-glance-may-2013">Tribal Profile at a Glance (May 2013)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
                                                                                            <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=10#status-of-implementation-of-the-decisions-taken-by-government-on-the-follow-up-action-on-the-recommendations-of-the-sachar-committee-upto-1st-february-2018">Status of Implementation of the Decisions taken by Government on the follow-up action on the Recommendations of the Sachar Committee (upto 1st February, 2018)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=10#sachar-committee-recommendations">Sachar Committee Recommendations</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=10#sachar-committee-report">Sachar Committee Report</a>
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                                                                                    </div>
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                            <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>KEY TRENDS</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; According&nbsp;to National&nbsp;Sample Survey report no. 583: Persons with Disabilities in India, the percentage of persons with disability who received aid/help from Government was 21.8 percent, 1.8 percent received aid/help from organisation other than Government and another 76.4 percent did not receive aid/ help <strong>*8</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; As per National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4), the Under-five Mortality Rate (U5MR) was 57.2 per 1,000 live births <em>(for the non-STs it was 38.5)</em> <strong>*7</strong>&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Occupational vulnerability, stated by the Hashim Committee, comes about due to the &lsquo;fact that the large majority of the urban poor are trapped in low end jobs&mdash;insecure, low paid, low productivity with debilitating work conditions&mdash;mainly in the informal sector.&rsquo; Third party interventions in the job market based on commissions, lack of social protection at work, seasonal casual employment (like fishing) and so forth are major reasons for vulnerability. Some of the occupations falling under this category are noted to include &lsquo;daily wage workers, construction labour, petty traders, hawkers, street children, sex-workers, rickshaw-puller[s], domestic workers, etc.&rsquo; <strong>*6</strong><br /><br />&bull;&nbsp; The proportion of rural households with regular wage/salary earning as the major source was the highest among &#39;others&#39; or forward caste category (13.3 percent), followed by OBC (9 percent), SC (8.5 percent) and ST (6.3 percent) during July 2011 - June 2012 <strong>*5</strong><br /><br />&bull;&nbsp; The proportion of rural households with casual labour as the major source of income was much higher among SC (52.6 percent) and ST (38.3 percent) than among the OBC (32.1 percent) and general class (21 percent) during July 2011 - June 2012 <strong>*5</strong><br /><br />&bull; The percentage of households using LPG/PNG was just 9.2 percent among STs as compared to 16.9 percent among SCs and 28.5 percent among all households in 2011 <strong>*4</strong><br /><br />&bull; Access to banking services is found to have more than doubled - an increase from 19 percent (in 2001) to 45 percent (in 2011) among STs and from 25 percent (in 2001) to 51 percent (in 2011) among SCs <strong>*4</strong><br /><br />&bull; Access to television has increased from 12 percent (in 2001) to 21.8 percent (in 2011) among STs and from 21.2 percent (in 2001) to 39.1 percent (in 2011) among SCs <strong>*4</strong><br /><br />&bull; Access to telephone has decreased from 2.5 percent (in 2001) to 1.9 percent (in 2011) among STs and from 3.4 percent (in 2001) to 3.0 percent (in 2011) among SCs <strong>*4</strong><br /><br />&bull; The incidence of poverty in rural areas during 2009-10 among dalits (SCs) is 31.7 percent, adivasis (STs) is 33.8 percent and Muslims is 25.6 percent while the same among the entire population is 23.7 percent as per the India Public Policy Report 2014 (based on NSS data) <strong>*3</strong><br /><br />&bull; The incidence of poverty in urban areas during 2009-10 among dalits (SCs) is 31.0 percent, adivasis (STs) is 34.3 percent and Muslims is 37.1 percent while the same among the entire population is 23.2 percent as per the India Public Policy Report 2014 (based on NSS data) <strong>*3</strong><br /><br />&bull; NSSO data for 2009-10 shows that 92.1 percent of Scheduled Castes (SCs) in rural areas were landless or had landholdings of one hectare or less. This has led to a preponderance of SCs in casual labour. NSSO statistics indicate that in 2009-10, 76.5 percent of Scheduled Tribe (ST) households in rural areas were either landless or had less than 1 hectare of land. The share of tribal households with small and marginal landholdings has been steadily increasing over time <strong>*3</strong><br /><br />&bull; Among the poorest 20 percent households, proportion of out-of-pocket healthcare expenses in the total expenditure rose from 3.21 percent in 2000 to 4.12 percent in 2012 while among the richest 20 percent households, the same increased from 7.18 percent in 2000 to 8.52 percent in 2012 <strong>*2</strong><br /><br />&bull; The share of out-of-pocket in total household spending increased sharply among Muslims (relative to non-Muslims) during 2000-2012 in all three of the indicators of OOP shares - outpatient care, inpatient care and overall - so their OOP spending burden also increased <strong>*2</strong><br /><br />&bull; Among the SC/ST households, proportion of out-of-pocket healthcare expenses in the total expenditure rose from 5.23 percent in 2000 to 6.57 percent in 2012 while among the Muslim households, the same increased from 5.49 percent in 2000 to 7.02 percent in 2012 <strong>*2</strong><br /><br />&bull; Only 22.6 percent ST households have latrine facility within the premises as compared to 46.9 percent households belonging to all social groups. Roughly 74.7 percent ST households practice open defecation as compared to 49.8 percent households belonging to all social groups (based on Census 2011)&nbsp; <strong>*1</strong>&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>8.</strong> NSS report no. 583: Persons with Disabilities in India, NSS 76th round, July 2018 to December 2018, released in November, 2019, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Report_583_Final_0.pdf" title="http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Report_583_Final_0.pdf">click here</a> to access</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>7. </strong>Report of the Expert Committee on Tribal Health: Tribal Health in India -- Bridging the Gap and a Roadmap for the Future (2018), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and Ministry of Tribal Affairs, please click <a href="https://im4change.org/docs/39817Tribal-Health-Report-First-Comprehensive-Report-on-Tribal-Health-in-India.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/docs/39817Tribal-Health-Report-First-Comprehensive-Report-on-Tribal-Health-in-India.pdf">here</a> and <a href="http://tribalhealthreport.in/?Website_Launch_Mail" title="http://tribalhealthreport.in/?Website_Launch_Mail">here</a> to access</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>6.</strong> India Exclusion Report 2015, prepared by Centre for Equity Studies in collaboration with various organizations, (please <a href="https://im4change.org/docs/91763text-final_India-Exclusion-Report-round2Final.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/docs/91763text-final_India-Exclusion-Report-round2Final.pdf">click here</a> to access the report)&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>5.</strong> NSS 68th Round Report: Employment and Unemployment Situation among Social Groups in India 2011-12 (released in January 2015) (kindly <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_rep_563_13mar15.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_rep_563_13mar15.pdf">click here</a> to access the report)</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>4.</strong> Conditions of SC/ST Households: A Story of Unequal Improvement by RB Bhagat, Economic and Political Weekly, October 12, 2013, Vol xlviiI 62 no. 41 (Please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Conditions_of_SCST_Households_1.pdf" title="Conditions of SCST households" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Conditions_of_SCST_Households_1.pdf" title="Conditions of SCST households">click here</a> to download)</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>3.</strong> India Exclusion Report 2013-14 (Please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Exclusion%20Report%202013-14_Ebook.pdf" title="India Exclusion Report 2013 14" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Exclusion%20Report%202013-14_Ebook.pdf" title="India Exclusion Report 2013 14">click here</a> to download)</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>2.</strong> Moving to Universal Coverage? Trends in the Burden of Out-Of-Pocket Payments for Health Care across Social Groups in India, 1999-2000 to 2011-12 by Anup Karan, Sakthivel Selvaraj and Ajay Mahal, Plos One Journal, August 15, 2014 (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Out%20of%20pocket%20expenditure%20on%20health%20by%20various%20social%20groups.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Out%20of%20pocket%20expenditure%20on%20health%20by%20various%20social%20groups.pdf">click here</a> to access)</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>1.</strong> Tribal Profile at a Glance (May 2013), Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Scheduled%20Tribe%20Population.pdf" title="Tribal Profile at a Glance" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Scheduled%20Tribe%20Population.pdf" title="Tribal Profile at a Glance">click here</a> to download)</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Social Justice</h1>
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=2#india-discrimination-report-2022-released-in-september-2022">India Discrimination Report 2022 (released in September 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=2#press-release-by-national-coalition-for-strengthening-scs-and-sts-poa-act-ncspa-and-national-dalit-movement-for-justice-ndmj-dated-30-august-2022">Press release by National Coalition for Strengthening SCs and STs (PoA) Act (NCSPA) and National Dalit Movement for Justice (NDMJ) dated 30 August, 2022</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=2#nss-report-no-583-persons-with-disabilities-in-india-nss-76th-round-july-2018-to-december-2018-released-in-november-2019">NSS report no. 583: Persons with Disabilities in India, NSS 76th round, July 2018 to December 2018 (released in November, 2019)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=3#report-of-the-expert-committee-on-tribal-health-tribal-health-in-india-bridging-the-gap-and-a-roadmap-for-the-future-2018">Report of the Expert Committee on Tribal Health: Tribal Health in India -- Bridging the Gap and a Roadmap for the Future (2018)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=4#the-scheduled-caste-and-the-scheduled-tribes-prevention-of-atrocities-act-1989">The Scheduled Caste and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act (1989)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=5#india-exclusion-report-2015">India Exclusion Report 2015</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=6#moving-to-universal-coverage-trends-in-the-burden-of-out-of-pocket-payments-for-health-care-across-social-groups-in-india-1999-2000-to-2011-12">Moving to Universal Coverage? Trends in the Burden of Out-Of-Pocket Payments for Health Care across Social Groups in India, 1999-2000 to 2011-12</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=7#india-exclusion-report-2013-14">India Exclusion Report 2013-14</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=8#conditions-of-scst-households-a-story-of-unequal-improvement-by-rb-bhagat-2013">Conditions of SC/ST Households: A Story of Unequal Improvement by RB Bhagat (2013)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=9#tribal-profile-at-a-glance-may-2013">Tribal Profile at a Glance (May 2013)</a>
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                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=10#status-of-implementation-of-the-decisions-taken-by-government-on-the-follow-up-action-on-the-recommendations-of-the-sachar-committee-upto-1st-february-2018">Status of Implementation of the Decisions taken by Government on the follow-up action on the Recommendations of the Sachar Committee (upto 1st February, 2018)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=10#sachar-committee-recommendations">Sachar Committee Recommendations</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html?pgno=10#sachar-committee-report">Sachar Committee Report</a>
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                                            <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
                                                                                    </div>
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                                                    <div>
                            <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>KEY TRENDS</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; According&nbsp;to National&nbsp;Sample Survey report no. 583: Persons with Disabilities in India, the percentage of persons with disability who received aid/help from Government was 21.8 percent, 1.8 percent received aid/help from organisation other than Government and another 76.4 percent did not receive aid/ help <strong>*8</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; As per National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4), the Under-five Mortality Rate (U5MR) was 57.2 per 1,000 live births <em>(for the non-STs it was 38.5)</em> <strong>*7</strong>&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Occupational vulnerability, stated by the Hashim Committee, comes about due to the &lsquo;fact that the large majority of the urban poor are trapped in low end jobs&mdash;insecure, low paid, low productivity with debilitating work conditions&mdash;mainly in the informal sector.&rsquo; Third party interventions in the job market based on commissions, lack of social protection at work, seasonal casual employment (like fishing) and so forth are major reasons for vulnerability. Some of the occupations falling under this category are noted to include &lsquo;daily wage workers, construction labour, petty traders, hawkers, street children, sex-workers, rickshaw-puller[s], domestic workers, etc.&rsquo; <strong>*6</strong><br /><br />&bull;&nbsp; The proportion of rural households with regular wage/salary earning as the major source was the highest among &#39;others&#39; or forward caste category (13.3 percent), followed by OBC (9 percent), SC (8.5 percent) and ST (6.3 percent) during July 2011 - June 2012 <strong>*5</strong><br /><br />&bull;&nbsp; The proportion of rural households with casual labour as the major source of income was much higher among SC (52.6 percent) and ST (38.3 percent) than among the OBC (32.1 percent) and general class (21 percent) during July 2011 - June 2012 <strong>*5</strong><br /><br />&bull; The percentage of households using LPG/PNG was just 9.2 percent among STs as compared to 16.9 percent among SCs and 28.5 percent among all households in 2011 <strong>*4</strong><br /><br />&bull; Access to banking services is found to have more than doubled - an increase from 19 percent (in 2001) to 45 percent (in 2011) among STs and from 25 percent (in 2001) to 51 percent (in 2011) among SCs <strong>*4</strong><br /><br />&bull; Access to television has increased from 12 percent (in 2001) to 21.8 percent (in 2011) among STs and from 21.2 percent (in 2001) to 39.1 percent (in 2011) among SCs <strong>*4</strong><br /><br />&bull; Access to telephone has decreased from 2.5 percent (in 2001) to 1.9 percent (in 2011) among STs and from 3.4 percent (in 2001) to 3.0 percent (in 2011) among SCs <strong>*4</strong><br /><br />&bull; The incidence of poverty in rural areas during 2009-10 among dalits (SCs) is 31.7 percent, adivasis (STs) is 33.8 percent and Muslims is 25.6 percent while the same among the entire population is 23.7 percent as per the India Public Policy Report 2014 (based on NSS data) <strong>*3</strong><br /><br />&bull; The incidence of poverty in urban areas during 2009-10 among dalits (SCs) is 31.0 percent, adivasis (STs) is 34.3 percent and Muslims is 37.1 percent while the same among the entire population is 23.2 percent as per the India Public Policy Report 2014 (based on NSS data) <strong>*3</strong><br /><br />&bull; NSSO data for 2009-10 shows that 92.1 percent of Scheduled Castes (SCs) in rural areas were landless or had landholdings of one hectare or less. This has led to a preponderance of SCs in casual labour. NSSO statistics indicate that in 2009-10, 76.5 percent of Scheduled Tribe (ST) households in rural areas were either landless or had less than 1 hectare of land. The share of tribal households with small and marginal landholdings has been steadily increasing over time <strong>*3</strong><br /><br />&bull; Among the poorest 20 percent households, proportion of out-of-pocket healthcare expenses in the total expenditure rose from 3.21 percent in 2000 to 4.12 percent in 2012 while among the richest 20 percent households, the same increased from 7.18 percent in 2000 to 8.52 percent in 2012 <strong>*2</strong><br /><br />&bull; The share of out-of-pocket in total household spending increased sharply among Muslims (relative to non-Muslims) during 2000-2012 in all three of the indicators of OOP shares - outpatient care, inpatient care and overall - so their OOP spending burden also increased <strong>*2</strong><br /><br />&bull; Among the SC/ST households, proportion of out-of-pocket healthcare expenses in the total expenditure rose from 5.23 percent in 2000 to 6.57 percent in 2012 while among the Muslim households, the same increased from 5.49 percent in 2000 to 7.02 percent in 2012 <strong>*2</strong><br /><br />&bull; Only 22.6 percent ST households have latrine facility within the premises as compared to 46.9 percent households belonging to all social groups. Roughly 74.7 percent ST households practice open defecation as compared to 49.8 percent households belonging to all social groups (based on Census 2011)&nbsp; <strong>*1</strong>&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>8.</strong> NSS report no. 583: Persons with Disabilities in India, NSS 76th round, July 2018 to December 2018, released in November, 2019, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please <a href="http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Report_583_Final_0.pdf" title="http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Report_583_Final_0.pdf">click here</a> to access</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>7. </strong>Report of the Expert Committee on Tribal Health: Tribal Health in India -- Bridging the Gap and a Roadmap for the Future (2018), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and Ministry of Tribal Affairs, please click <a href="https://im4change.org/docs/39817Tribal-Health-Report-First-Comprehensive-Report-on-Tribal-Health-in-India.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/docs/39817Tribal-Health-Report-First-Comprehensive-Report-on-Tribal-Health-in-India.pdf">here</a> and <a href="http://tribalhealthreport.in/?Website_Launch_Mail" title="http://tribalhealthreport.in/?Website_Launch_Mail">here</a> to access</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>6.</strong> India Exclusion Report 2015, prepared by Centre for Equity Studies in collaboration with various organizations, (please <a href="https://im4change.org/docs/91763text-final_India-Exclusion-Report-round2Final.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/docs/91763text-final_India-Exclusion-Report-round2Final.pdf">click here</a> to access the report)&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>5.</strong> NSS 68th Round Report: Employment and Unemployment Situation among Social Groups in India 2011-12 (released in January 2015) (kindly <a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_rep_563_13mar15.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_rep_563_13mar15.pdf">click here</a> to access the report)</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>4.</strong> Conditions of SC/ST Households: A Story of Unequal Improvement by RB Bhagat, Economic and Political Weekly, October 12, 2013, Vol xlviiI 62 no. 41 (Please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Conditions_of_SCST_Households_1.pdf" title="Conditions of SCST households" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Conditions_of_SCST_Households_1.pdf" title="Conditions of SCST households">click here</a> to download)</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>3.</strong> India Exclusion Report 2013-14 (Please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Exclusion%20Report%202013-14_Ebook.pdf" title="India Exclusion Report 2013 14" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/India%20Exclusion%20Report%202013-14_Ebook.pdf" title="India Exclusion Report 2013 14">click here</a> to download)</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>2.</strong> Moving to Universal Coverage? Trends in the Burden of Out-Of-Pocket Payments for Health Care across Social Groups in India, 1999-2000 to 2011-12 by Anup Karan, Sakthivel Selvaraj and Ajay Mahal, Plos One Journal, August 15, 2014 (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Out%20of%20pocket%20expenditure%20on%20health%20by%20various%20social%20groups.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Out%20of%20pocket%20expenditure%20on%20health%20by%20various%20social%20groups.pdf">click here</a> to access)</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>1.</strong> Tribal Profile at a Glance (May 2013), Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Scheduled%20Tribe%20Population.pdf" title="Tribal Profile at a Glance" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Scheduled%20Tribe%20Population.pdf" title="Tribal Profile at a Glance">click here</a> to download)</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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Social Justice

What's Inside India Discrimination Report 2022 (released in September 2022) Press release by National Coalition for Strengthening SCs and STs (PoA) Act (NCSPA) and National Dalit Movement for Justice (NDMJ) dated 30 August, 2022 NSS report no. 583: Persons with Disabilities in India, NSS 76th round, July 2018 to December 2018 (released in November, 2019) Report of the Expert Committee on Tribal Health: Tribal Health in India -- Bridging the Gap and a Roadmap for the Future (2018) The Scheduled Caste and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act (1989) India Exclusion Report 2015 Moving to Universal Coverage? Trends in the Burden of Out-Of-Pocket Payments for Health Care across Social Groups in India, 1999-2000 to 2011-12 India Exclusion Report 2013-14 Conditions of SC/ST Households: A Story of Unequal Improvement by RB Bhagat (2013) Tribal Profile at a Glance (May 2013) More Status of Implementation of the Decisions taken by Government on the follow-up action on the Recommendations of the Sachar Committee (upto 1st February, 2018) Sachar Committee Recommendations Sachar Committee Report Less KEY TRENDS   • According to National Sample Survey report no. 583: Persons with Disabilities in India, the percentage of persons with disability who received aid/help from Government was 21.8 percent, 1.8 percent received aid/help from organisation other than Government and another 76.4 percent did not receive aid/ help *8   • As per National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4), the Under-five Mortality Rate (U5MR) was 57.2 per 1,000 live births (for the non-STs it was 38.5) *7    • Occupational vulnerability, stated by the Hashim Committee, comes about due to the ‘fact that the large majority of the urban poor are trapped in low end jobs—insecure, low paid, low productivity with debilitating work conditions—mainly in the informal sector.’ Third party interventions in the job market based on commissions, lack of social protection at work, seasonal casual employment (like fishing) and so forth are major reasons for vulnerability. Some of the occupations falling under this category are noted to include ‘daily wage workers, construction labour, petty traders, hawkers, street children, sex-workers, rickshaw-puller[s], domestic workers, etc.’ *6 •  The proportion of rural households with regular wage/salary earning as the major source was the highest among 'others' or forward caste category (13.3 percent), followed by OBC (9 percent), SC (8.5 percent) and ST (6.3 percent) during July 2011 - June 2012 *5 •  The proportion of rural households with casual labour as the major source of income was much higher among SC (52.6 percent) and ST (38.3 percent) than among the OBC (32.1 percent) and general class (21 percent) during July 2011 - June 2012 *5 • The percentage of households using LPG/PNG was just 9.2 percent among STs as compared to 16.9 percent among SCs and 28.5 percent among all households in 2011 *4 • Access to banking services is found to have more than doubled - an increase from 19 percent (in 2001) to 45 percent (in 2011) among STs and from 25 percent (in 2001) to 51 percent (in 2011) among SCs *4 • Access to television has increased from 12 percent (in 2001) to 21.8 percent (in 2011) among STs and from 21.2 percent (in 2001) to 39.1 percent (in 2011) among SCs *4 • Access to telephone has decreased from 2.5 percent (in 2001) to 1.9 percent (in 2011) among STs and from 3.4 percent (in 2001) to 3.0 percent (in 2011) among SCs *4 • The incidence of poverty in rural areas during 2009-10 among dalits (SCs) is 31.7 percent, adivasis (STs) is 33.8 percent and Muslims is 25.6 percent while the same among the entire population is 23.7 percent as per the India Public Policy Report 2014 (based on NSS data) *3 • The incidence of poverty in urban areas during 2009-10 among dalits (SCs) is 31.0 percent, adivasis (STs) is 34.3 percent and Muslims is 37.1 percent while the same among the entire population is 23.2 percent as per the India Public Policy Report 2014 (based on NSS data) *3 • NSSO data for 2009-10 shows that 92.1 percent of Scheduled Castes (SCs) in rural areas were landless or had landholdings of one hectare or less. This has led to a preponderance of SCs in casual labour. NSSO statistics indicate that in 2009-10, 76.5 percent of Scheduled Tribe (ST) households in rural areas were either landless or had less than 1 hectare of land. The share of tribal households with small and marginal landholdings has been steadily increasing over time *3 • Among the poorest 20 percent households, proportion of out-of-pocket healthcare expenses in the total expenditure rose from 3.21 percent in 2000 to 4.12 percent in 2012 while among the richest 20 percent households, the same increased from 7.18 percent in 2000 to 8.52 percent in 2012 *2 • The share of out-of-pocket in total household spending increased sharply among Muslims (relative to non-Muslims) during 2000-2012 in all three of the indicators of OOP shares - outpatient care, inpatient care and overall - so their OOP spending burden also increased *2 • Among the SC/ST households, proportion of out-of-pocket healthcare expenses in the total expenditure rose from 5.23 percent in 2000 to 6.57 percent in 2012 while among the Muslim households, the same increased from 5.49 percent in 2000 to 7.02 percent in 2012 *2 • Only 22.6 percent ST households have latrine facility within the premises as compared to 46.9 percent households belonging to all social groups. Roughly 74.7 percent ST households practice open defecation as compared to 49.8 percent households belonging to all social groups (based on Census 2011)  *1    8. NSS report no. 583: Persons with Disabilities in India, NSS 76th round, July 2018 to December 2018, released in November, 2019, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, please click here to access   7. Report of the Expert Committee on Tribal Health: Tribal Health in India -- Bridging the Gap and a Roadmap for the Future (2018), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and Ministry of Tribal Affairs, please click here and here to access   6. India Exclusion Report 2015, prepared by Centre for Equity Studies in collaboration with various organizations, (please click here to access the report)    5. NSS 68th Round Report: Employment and Unemployment Situation among Social Groups in India 2011-12 (released in January 2015) (kindly click here to access the report)   4. Conditions of SC/ST Households: A Story of Unequal Improvement by RB Bhagat, Economic and Political Weekly, October 12, 2013, Vol xlviiI 62 no. 41 (Please click here to download)   3. India Exclusion Report 2013-14 (Please click here to download)   2. Moving to Universal Coverage? Trends in the Burden of Out-Of-Pocket Payments for Health Care across Social Groups in India, 1999-2000 to 2011-12 by Anup Karan, Sakthivel Selvaraj and Ajay Mahal, Plos One Journal, August 15, 2014 (please click here to access)   1. Tribal Profile at a Glance (May 2013), Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India (please click here to download)   « previous12345678910next »

 

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