Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
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Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
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एक हालिया अध्ययन के संकेत हैं कि आंध्रप्रदेश के ग्रामीण इलाके में मनरेगा कार्यक्रम का सकारात्मक असर स्कूल में बच्चों के नामांकन और उनकी शैक्षिक परिलब्धि पर पडा है। कारण कि रोजगार की सुरक्षा देने वाले इस कार्यक्रम से घर के भीतर महिलाओं की स्थिति आर्थिक रुप से मजबूत हुई है। यह अध्ययन आंध्रप्रदेश के पाँच जिलों के ग्रामीण-परिवार से जुड़े आंकड़ों के विश्लेषण पर आधारित है। इसमें नमूने के तौर पर साल 2007 से 2009-10 के बीच की अवधि के आंकड़े लिए गए हैं जो 3006 बच्चों और ग्रामीण परिवारों से संबंधित हैं। आंकड़े इथोपिया, भारत, वियतनाम और पेरु में 15 वर्षों तक चले बच्चों में निर्धनता से संबंधित यंग लाइव्स प्रोग्राम से हैं। इस कार्यक्रम के अंतर्गत उल्लिखित प्रत्येक देश में 3000 बच्चों के जीवन पर नजर रखी गई।(देखें नीचे दी गई लिंक)
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ग्रामीण इलाके के निजी श्रम-बाजार के उलट मनरेगा कार्यक्रम में स्त्री और पुरुष दोनों को बराबर की मजदूरी दी जाती है। इसके अतिरिक्त मनरेगा कार्यक्रम में विधान है कि लाभार्थियों में एक तिहाई संख्या महिलाओं की होनी चाहिए। अध्ययन में यह जानने की कोशिश की गई कि क्या मनरेगा द्वारा प्रदान किए जा रहे कार्यदिवसों में माताओं की हिस्सेदारी बढ़ने से बच्चों विशेषकर लड़कियों की स्कूल-उपस्थिति और शैक्षिक परिलब्धि पर सकारात्मक असर पडा है। अध्ययन में उन्हीं बच्चों से संबंधित आंकड़ों का इस्तेमाल किया गया है जिनकी उम्र साल 2007 में 5-14 साल के बीच थी यानि जो बच्चे स्कूल जाने की उम्र के थे।
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<br />
अध्ययन के अनुसार साल 2007 से 2009-10 के बीच मनरेगा के अंतर्गत दिए गए कार्यदिवसों में महिलाओं की हिस्सेदारी पाँच गुना बढ़ी है और इसी के अनुकूल दी गई अवधि में बच्चों द्वारा स्कूल में बिताये गए समय में इजाफा हुआ है। अध्ययन के अनुसार अगर साल 2007 में हफ्ते के किसी एक दिन बच्चों ने स्कूल में 5.7 घंटे बिताये तो साल 2009-10 में यह अवधि बढ़कर 7 घंटे हो गई। स्कूल में बितायी गई समयावधि में बढोत्तरी से पता चलता है कि बच्चों की स्कूल में उपस्थिति ज्यादा नियमित हुई। स्कूल में बितायी गई समयावधि के बढ़ने को आधार मानकर कहा जा सकता है कि इससे बच्चों की शैक्षिक परिलब्धि भी बढ़ी है। अध्ययन में कहा गया है कि यह सकारात्मक असर सबसे ज्यादा समाज के निर्धनतम तबके के बच्चों और विशेषकर लड़कियों के मामले में देखने को मिला है। 
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<br />
क्या इसकी एक वजह यह है कि मनरेगा के अंतर्गत कार्यस्थल पर क्रेच की व्यवस्था की जाती है और इस वजह से मनरेगा के अंतर्गत काम पाने वाले किसी परिवार के जो बड़े बच्चे छोटे बच्चों की देखभाल के लिए घर पर ही रह जाते थे, अब इस जिम्मेदारी से मुक्त हो जाते हैं ? शोधकर्ताओं का तर्क है कि इस बात की संभावना कम है क्योंकि सर्वेक्षण के दौरान उन्होंने पाया कि मनरेगा के अंतर्गत काम पाने वाले महज 1 फीसदी परिवारों ने साल 2007 में कार्यस्थल पर दी गई क्रेच सुविधा का इस्तेमाल किया जबकि साल 2009-10 में तकरीबन अस्सी फीसदी परिवारों ने कहा कि मनरेगा के अंतर्गत उनके अबतक के अंतिम कार्यस्थल पर कोई भी क्रेच सुविधा उपलब्ध नहीं थी। 
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<br />
शोधकर्ताओं का तर्क है कि मनरेगा के अंतर्गत काम करने वाली महिलाओं की आर्थिक हैसियत परिवार के भीतर बढ़ी है, अब परिवार के फैसले लेने में उनकी भी सुनी जाने लगी है और पारिवारिक मामलों में उनके निर्णय का सम्मान किया जाने लगा है। 
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<br />
सर्वेक्षण से अलग, गुणात्मक स्तर के साक्षात्कार में यह बात भी सामने आई कि ग्रामीण परिवारों को मनरेगा में हासिल काम के कारण बच्चों के लिए किताब और स्कूली पोशाक खरीदने में आसानी हुई। इससे बच्चे के जीवन की एक निर्णायक अवधि में वे बच्चों में निवेश करने में सक्षम हुए और इसका सामाजिक स्तर पर आगे कहीं ज्यादा बड़ा फायदा मिलेगा। 
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इस कथा के विस्तार के लिए निम्नलिखित लिंक्स खोलें-
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<p>
<span>Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual
households (<a href="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf" title="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf" title="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf" title="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf">http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf</a>)
also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their
children's school education.</span>
</p>
<p>
<em><span>For full study and more reports please click on the
links below:</span></em>
</p>
<p>
<span><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf" title="Social Protection" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf" title="Social Protection">Social Protection and Poverty Reduction</a>:
Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May,
2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the
Netherlands<br />
<br />
<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf" title="Female Labour Force Participation" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf" title="Female Labour Force Participation">Female Labour-Force Participation</a>
and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March
2013, Young Lives </span>
</p>
<p>
<span><br />
MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on
Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May,
2012<br />
<a href="https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf" title="http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf" title="http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf</a><br />
<br />
MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi
National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural
Development, GoI, <br />
<a href="https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf" title="http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf" title="http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p>
<span>A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T
Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-mad<br />
e-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html</a><br />
<br />
Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu,
5 February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rur<br />
al-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.h<br />tm
l</a><br />
<br />
Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2
February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a<br />
-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.ht<br />ml</a> </span>
</p>
&nbsp;
<br />
<p>
&nbsp;(पोस्ट में इस्तेमाल की गई तस्वीर के लिए इन्कूलिसिव मीडिया की टीम तस्वीर के स्रोत- http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/photo/13972255.cms की आभारी है।)
</p>
<p align="justify">
&nbsp;
</p>                                                           
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">मनरेगा का सकारात्मक असर स्कूली नामांकन और शिक्षा पर</h1>
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एक हालिया अध्ययन के संकेत हैं कि आंध्रप्रदेश के ग्रामीण इलाके में मनरेगा कार्यक्रम का सकारात्मक असर स्कूल में बच्चों के नामांकन और उनकी शैक्षिक परिलब्धि पर पडा है। कारण कि रोजगार की सुरक्षा देने वाले इस कार्यक्रम से घर के भीतर महिलाओं की स्थिति आर्थिक रुप से मजबूत हुई है। यह अध्ययन आंध्रप्रदेश के पाँच जिलों के ग्रामीण-परिवार से जुड़े आंकड़ों के विश्लेषण पर आधारित है। इसमें नमूने के तौर पर साल 2007 से 2009-10 के बीच की अवधि के आंकड़े लिए गए हैं जो 3006 बच्चों और ग्रामीण परिवारों से संबंधित हैं। आंकड़े इथोपिया, भारत, वियतनाम और पेरु में 15 वर्षों तक चले बच्चों में निर्धनता से संबंधित यंग लाइव्स प्रोग्राम से हैं। इस कार्यक्रम के अंतर्गत उल्लिखित प्रत्येक देश में 3000 बच्चों के जीवन पर नजर रखी गई।(देखें नीचे दी गई लिंक)
</p>
<p align="justify">
<br />
ग्रामीण इलाके के निजी श्रम-बाजार के उलट मनरेगा कार्यक्रम में स्त्री और पुरुष दोनों को बराबर की मजदूरी दी जाती है। इसके अतिरिक्त मनरेगा कार्यक्रम में विधान है कि लाभार्थियों में एक तिहाई संख्या महिलाओं की होनी चाहिए। अध्ययन में यह जानने की कोशिश की गई कि क्या मनरेगा द्वारा प्रदान किए जा रहे कार्यदिवसों में माताओं की हिस्सेदारी बढ़ने से बच्चों विशेषकर लड़कियों की स्कूल-उपस्थिति और शैक्षिक परिलब्धि पर सकारात्मक असर पडा है। अध्ययन में उन्हीं बच्चों से संबंधित आंकड़ों का इस्तेमाल किया गया है जिनकी उम्र साल 2007 में 5-14 साल के बीच थी यानि जो बच्चे स्कूल जाने की उम्र के थे।
</p>
<p align="justify">
<br />
अध्ययन के अनुसार साल 2007 से 2009-10 के बीच मनरेगा के अंतर्गत दिए गए कार्यदिवसों में महिलाओं की हिस्सेदारी पाँच गुना बढ़ी है और इसी के अनुकूल दी गई अवधि में बच्चों द्वारा स्कूल में बिताये गए समय में इजाफा हुआ है। अध्ययन के अनुसार अगर साल 2007 में हफ्ते के किसी एक दिन बच्चों ने स्कूल में 5.7 घंटे बिताये तो साल 2009-10 में यह अवधि बढ़कर 7 घंटे हो गई। स्कूल में बितायी गई समयावधि में बढोत्तरी से पता चलता है कि बच्चों की स्कूल में उपस्थिति ज्यादा नियमित हुई। स्कूल में बितायी गई समयावधि के बढ़ने को आधार मानकर कहा जा सकता है कि इससे बच्चों की शैक्षिक परिलब्धि भी बढ़ी है। अध्ययन में कहा गया है कि यह सकारात्मक असर सबसे ज्यादा समाज के निर्धनतम तबके के बच्चों और विशेषकर लड़कियों के मामले में देखने को मिला है। 
</p>
<p align="justify">
<br />
क्या इसकी एक वजह यह है कि मनरेगा के अंतर्गत कार्यस्थल पर क्रेच की व्यवस्था की जाती है और इस वजह से मनरेगा के अंतर्गत काम पाने वाले किसी परिवार के जो बड़े बच्चे छोटे बच्चों की देखभाल के लिए घर पर ही रह जाते थे, अब इस जिम्मेदारी से मुक्त हो जाते हैं ? शोधकर्ताओं का तर्क है कि इस बात की संभावना कम है क्योंकि सर्वेक्षण के दौरान उन्होंने पाया कि मनरेगा के अंतर्गत काम पाने वाले महज 1 फीसदी परिवारों ने साल 2007 में कार्यस्थल पर दी गई क्रेच सुविधा का इस्तेमाल किया जबकि साल 2009-10 में तकरीबन अस्सी फीसदी परिवारों ने कहा कि मनरेगा के अंतर्गत उनके अबतक के अंतिम कार्यस्थल पर कोई भी क्रेच सुविधा उपलब्ध नहीं थी। 
</p>
<p align="justify">
<br />
शोधकर्ताओं का तर्क है कि मनरेगा के अंतर्गत काम करने वाली महिलाओं की आर्थिक हैसियत परिवार के भीतर बढ़ी है, अब परिवार के फैसले लेने में उनकी भी सुनी जाने लगी है और पारिवारिक मामलों में उनके निर्णय का सम्मान किया जाने लगा है। 
</p>
<p align="justify">
<br />
सर्वेक्षण से अलग, गुणात्मक स्तर के साक्षात्कार में यह बात भी सामने आई कि ग्रामीण परिवारों को मनरेगा में हासिल काम के कारण बच्चों के लिए किताब और स्कूली पोशाक खरीदने में आसानी हुई। इससे बच्चे के जीवन की एक निर्णायक अवधि में वे बच्चों में निवेश करने में सक्षम हुए और इसका सामाजिक स्तर पर आगे कहीं ज्यादा बड़ा फायदा मिलेगा। 
</p>
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इस कथा के विस्तार के लिए निम्नलिखित लिंक्स खोलें-
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<p>
<span>Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual
households (<a href="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf" title="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf" title="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf" title="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf">http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf</a>)
also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their
children's school education.</span>
</p>
<p>
<em><span>For full study and more reports please click on the
links below:</span></em>
</p>
<p>
<span><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf" title="Social Protection" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf" title="Social Protection">Social Protection and Poverty Reduction</a>:
Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May,
2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the
Netherlands<br />
<br />
<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf" title="Female Labour Force Participation" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf" title="Female Labour Force Participation">Female Labour-Force Participation</a>
and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March
2013, Young Lives </span>
</p>
<p>
<span><br />
MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on
Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May,
2012<br />
<a href="https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf" title="http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf" title="http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf</a><br />
<br />
MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi
National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural
Development, GoI, <br />
<a href="https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf" title="http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf" title="http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p>
<span>A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T
Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-mad<br />
e-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html</a><br />
<br />
Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu,
5 February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rur<br />
al-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.h<br />tm
l</a><br />
<br />
Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2
February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a<br />
-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.ht<br />ml</a> </span>
</p>
&nbsp;
<br />
<p>
&nbsp;(पोस्ट में इस्तेमाल की गई तस्वीर के लिए इन्कूलिसिव मीडिया की टीम तस्वीर के स्रोत- http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/photo/13972255.cms की आभारी है।)
</p>
<p align="justify">
&nbsp;
</p>                                                           
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">मनरेगा का सकारात्मक असर स्कूली नामांकन और शिक्षा पर</h1>
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एक हालिया अध्ययन के संकेत हैं कि आंध्रप्रदेश के ग्रामीण इलाके में मनरेगा कार्यक्रम का सकारात्मक असर स्कूल में बच्चों के नामांकन और उनकी शैक्षिक परिलब्धि पर पडा है। कारण कि रोजगार की सुरक्षा देने वाले इस कार्यक्रम से घर के भीतर महिलाओं की स्थिति आर्थिक रुप से मजबूत हुई है। यह अध्ययन आंध्रप्रदेश के पाँच जिलों के ग्रामीण-परिवार से जुड़े आंकड़ों के विश्लेषण पर आधारित है। इसमें नमूने के तौर पर साल 2007 से 2009-10 के बीच की अवधि के आंकड़े लिए गए हैं जो 3006 बच्चों और ग्रामीण परिवारों से संबंधित हैं। आंकड़े इथोपिया, भारत, वियतनाम और पेरु में 15 वर्षों तक चले बच्चों में निर्धनता से संबंधित यंग लाइव्स प्रोग्राम से हैं। इस कार्यक्रम के अंतर्गत उल्लिखित प्रत्येक देश में 3000 बच्चों के जीवन पर नजर रखी गई।(देखें नीचे दी गई लिंक)
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ग्रामीण इलाके के निजी श्रम-बाजार के उलट मनरेगा कार्यक्रम में स्त्री और पुरुष दोनों को बराबर की मजदूरी दी जाती है। इसके अतिरिक्त मनरेगा कार्यक्रम में विधान है कि लाभार्थियों में एक तिहाई संख्या महिलाओं की होनी चाहिए। अध्ययन में यह जानने की कोशिश की गई कि क्या मनरेगा द्वारा प्रदान किए जा रहे कार्यदिवसों में माताओं की हिस्सेदारी बढ़ने से बच्चों विशेषकर लड़कियों की स्कूल-उपस्थिति और शैक्षिक परिलब्धि पर सकारात्मक असर पडा है। अध्ययन में उन्हीं बच्चों से संबंधित आंकड़ों का इस्तेमाल किया गया है जिनकी उम्र साल 2007 में 5-14 साल के बीच थी यानि जो बच्चे स्कूल जाने की उम्र के थे।
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अध्ययन के अनुसार साल 2007 से 2009-10 के बीच मनरेगा के अंतर्गत दिए गए कार्यदिवसों में महिलाओं की हिस्सेदारी पाँच गुना बढ़ी है और इसी के अनुकूल दी गई अवधि में बच्चों द्वारा स्कूल में बिताये गए समय में इजाफा हुआ है। अध्ययन के अनुसार अगर साल 2007 में हफ्ते के किसी एक दिन बच्चों ने स्कूल में 5.7 घंटे बिताये तो साल 2009-10 में यह अवधि बढ़कर 7 घंटे हो गई। स्कूल में बितायी गई समयावधि में बढोत्तरी से पता चलता है कि बच्चों की स्कूल में उपस्थिति ज्यादा नियमित हुई। स्कूल में बितायी गई समयावधि के बढ़ने को आधार मानकर कहा जा सकता है कि इससे बच्चों की शैक्षिक परिलब्धि भी बढ़ी है। अध्ययन में कहा गया है कि यह सकारात्मक असर सबसे ज्यादा समाज के निर्धनतम तबके के बच्चों और विशेषकर लड़कियों के मामले में देखने को मिला है। 
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क्या इसकी एक वजह यह है कि मनरेगा के अंतर्गत कार्यस्थल पर क्रेच की व्यवस्था की जाती है और इस वजह से मनरेगा के अंतर्गत काम पाने वाले किसी परिवार के जो बड़े बच्चे छोटे बच्चों की देखभाल के लिए घर पर ही रह जाते थे, अब इस जिम्मेदारी से मुक्त हो जाते हैं ? शोधकर्ताओं का तर्क है कि इस बात की संभावना कम है क्योंकि सर्वेक्षण के दौरान उन्होंने पाया कि मनरेगा के अंतर्गत काम पाने वाले महज 1 फीसदी परिवारों ने साल 2007 में कार्यस्थल पर दी गई क्रेच सुविधा का इस्तेमाल किया जबकि साल 2009-10 में तकरीबन अस्सी फीसदी परिवारों ने कहा कि मनरेगा के अंतर्गत उनके अबतक के अंतिम कार्यस्थल पर कोई भी क्रेच सुविधा उपलब्ध नहीं थी। 
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शोधकर्ताओं का तर्क है कि मनरेगा के अंतर्गत काम करने वाली महिलाओं की आर्थिक हैसियत परिवार के भीतर बढ़ी है, अब परिवार के फैसले लेने में उनकी भी सुनी जाने लगी है और पारिवारिक मामलों में उनके निर्णय का सम्मान किया जाने लगा है। 
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सर्वेक्षण से अलग, गुणात्मक स्तर के साक्षात्कार में यह बात भी सामने आई कि ग्रामीण परिवारों को मनरेगा में हासिल काम के कारण बच्चों के लिए किताब और स्कूली पोशाक खरीदने में आसानी हुई। इससे बच्चे के जीवन की एक निर्णायक अवधि में वे बच्चों में निवेश करने में सक्षम हुए और इसका सामाजिक स्तर पर आगे कहीं ज्यादा बड़ा फायदा मिलेगा। 
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इस कथा के विस्तार के लिए निम्नलिखित लिंक्स खोलें-
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</p>
<p>
<span>Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual
households (<a href="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf" title="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf" title="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf" title="http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf">http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf</a>)
also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their
children's school education.</span>
</p>
<p>
<em><span>For full study and more reports please click on the
links below:</span></em>
</p>
<p>
<span><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf" title="Social Protection" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/INDIA-PolicyBrief-2-%20Social%20Protection%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction%20Increasing%20the%20benefits%20of%20MGNREGS%20for%20children.pdf" title="Social Protection">Social Protection and Poverty Reduction</a>:
Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May,
2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the
Netherlands<br />
<br />
<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf" title="Female Labour Force Participation" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/YL-WP95_Female%20Labour-Force%20Participation%20and%20Child%20Education%20in%20India%20The%20Effect%20of%20the%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme.pdf" title="Female Labour Force Participation">Female Labour-Force Participation</a>
and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March
2013, Young Lives </span>
</p>
<p>
<span><br />
MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on
Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May,
2012<br />
<a href="https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf" title="http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf" title="http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf</a><br />
<br />
MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi
National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006&ndash;2012, Ministry of Rural
Development, GoI, <br />
<a href="https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf" title="http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf" title="http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p>
<span>A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T
Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-made-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-mad<br />
e-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html</a><br />
<br />
Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu,
5 February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rural-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rur<br />
al-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.h<br />tm
l</a><br />
<br />
Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2
February, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html" title="https://im4change.in/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.html">http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a<br />
-taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.ht<br />ml</a> </span>
</p>
&nbsp;
<br />
<p>
&nbsp;(पोस्ट में इस्तेमाल की गई तस्वीर के लिए इन्कूलिसिव मीडिया की टीम तस्वीर के स्रोत- http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/photo/13972255.cms की आभारी है।)
</p>
<p align="justify">
&nbsp;
</p>                                                           
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मनरेगा का सकारात्मक असर स्कूली नामांकन और शिक्षा पर

Published on May 13, 2013   Modified on May 13, 2013

एक हालिया अध्ययन के संकेत हैं कि आंध्रप्रदेश के ग्रामीण इलाके में मनरेगा कार्यक्रम का सकारात्मक असर स्कूल में बच्चों के नामांकन और उनकी शैक्षिक परिलब्धि पर पडा है। कारण कि रोजगार की सुरक्षा देने वाले इस कार्यक्रम से घर के भीतर महिलाओं की स्थिति आर्थिक रुप से मजबूत हुई है। यह अध्ययन आंध्रप्रदेश के पाँच जिलों के ग्रामीण-परिवार से जुड़े आंकड़ों के विश्लेषण पर आधारित है। इसमें नमूने के तौर पर साल 2007 से 2009-10 के बीच की अवधि के आंकड़े लिए गए हैं जो 3006 बच्चों और ग्रामीण परिवारों से संबंधित हैं। आंकड़े इथोपिया, भारत, वियतनाम और पेरु में 15 वर्षों तक चले बच्चों में निर्धनता से संबंधित यंग लाइव्स प्रोग्राम से हैं। इस कार्यक्रम के अंतर्गत उल्लिखित प्रत्येक देश में 3000 बच्चों के जीवन पर नजर रखी गई।(देखें नीचे दी गई लिंक) ग्रामीण इलाके के निजी श्रम-बाजार के उलट मनरेगा कार्यक्रम में स्त्री और पुरुष दोनों को बराबर की मजदूरी दी जाती है। इसके अतिरिक्त मनरेगा कार्यक्रम में विधान है कि लाभार्थियों में एक तिहाई संख्या महिलाओं की होनी चाहिए। अध्ययन में यह जानने की कोशिश की गई कि क्या मनरेगा द्वारा प्रदान किए जा रहे कार्यदिवसों में माताओं की हिस्सेदारी बढ़ने से बच्चों विशेषकर लड़कियों की स्कूल-उपस्थिति और शैक्षिक परिलब्धि पर सकारात्मक असर पडा है। अध्ययन में उन्हीं बच्चों से संबंधित आंकड़ों का इस्तेमाल किया गया है जिनकी उम्र साल 2007 में 5-14 साल के बीच थी यानि जो बच्चे स्कूल जाने की उम्र के थे। अध्ययन के अनुसार साल 2007 से 2009-10 के बीच मनरेगा के अंतर्गत दिए गए कार्यदिवसों में महिलाओं की हिस्सेदारी पाँच गुना बढ़ी है और इसी के अनुकूल दी गई अवधि में बच्चों द्वारा स्कूल में बिताये गए समय में इजाफा हुआ है। अध्ययन के अनुसार अगर साल 2007 में हफ्ते के किसी एक दिन बच्चों ने स्कूल में 5.7 घंटे बिताये तो साल 2009-10 में यह अवधि बढ़कर 7 घंटे हो गई। स्कूल में बितायी गई समयावधि में बढोत्तरी से पता चलता है कि बच्चों की स्कूल में उपस्थिति ज्यादा नियमित हुई। स्कूल में बितायी गई समयावधि के बढ़ने को आधार मानकर कहा जा सकता है कि इससे बच्चों की शैक्षिक परिलब्धि भी बढ़ी है। अध्ययन में कहा गया है कि यह सकारात्मक असर सबसे ज्यादा समाज के निर्धनतम तबके के बच्चों और विशेषकर लड़कियों के मामले में देखने को मिला है। क्या इसकी एक वजह यह है कि मनरेगा के अंतर्गत कार्यस्थल पर क्रेच की व्यवस्था की जाती है और इस वजह से मनरेगा के अंतर्गत काम पाने वाले किसी परिवार के जो बड़े बच्चे छोटे बच्चों की देखभाल के लिए घर पर ही रह जाते थे, अब इस जिम्मेदारी से मुक्त हो जाते हैं ? शोधकर्ताओं का तर्क है कि इस बात की संभावना कम है क्योंकि सर्वेक्षण के दौरान उन्होंने पाया कि मनरेगा के अंतर्गत काम पाने वाले महज 1 फीसदी परिवारों ने साल 2007 में कार्यस्थल पर दी गई क्रेच सुविधा का इस्तेमाल किया जबकि साल 2009-10 में तकरीबन अस्सी फीसदी परिवारों ने कहा कि मनरेगा के अंतर्गत उनके अबतक के अंतिम कार्यस्थल पर कोई भी क्रेच सुविधा उपलब्ध नहीं थी। शोधकर्ताओं का तर्क है कि मनरेगा के अंतर्गत काम करने वाली महिलाओं की आर्थिक हैसियत परिवार के भीतर बढ़ी है, अब परिवार के फैसले लेने में उनकी भी सुनी जाने लगी है और पारिवारिक मामलों में उनके निर्णय का सम्मान किया जाने लगा है। सर्वेक्षण से अलग, गुणात्मक स्तर के साक्षात्कार में यह बात भी सामने आई कि ग्रामीण परिवारों को मनरेगा में हासिल काम के कारण बच्चों के लिए किताब और स्कूली पोशाक खरीदने में आसानी हुई। इससे बच्चे के जीवन की एक निर्णायक अवधि में वे बच्चों में निवेश करने में सक्षम हुए और इसका सामाजिक स्तर पर आगे कहीं ज्यादा बड़ा फायदा मिलेगा। इस कथा के विस्तार के लिए निम्नलिखित लिंक्स खोलें- Anecdotal evidence gathered elsewhere from individual households (http://nrega.nic.in/circular/rozgar_sutra.pdf) also suggests impacts of NREGA wages on parental ability to sustain their children's school education. For full study and more reports please click on the links below: Social Protection and Poverty Reduction: Increasing the benefits of MGNREGS for children, India Policy Brief 2, May, 2013, Young Lives, Funded by UK-Aid and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands Female Labour-Force Participation and Child Education in India: The Effect of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme-Farzana Afridi, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Soham Sahoo, March 2013, Young Lives MGNREGA and Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas by Parliamentary Committee on Empowerment of Women (2011-12), Fourteenth Report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, May, 2012 http://www.im4change.org/docs/692mgnrega_report.pdf MGNREGA Sameeksha: An Anthology of Research Studies on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (2005) Act 2006–2012, Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, http://www.im4change.org/docs/63503975mgnrega_sameeksha.pdf A scheme that made a difference to their lives-T Ramakrishnan, The Hindu, 11 February, 2013, http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/a-scheme-that-mad e-a-difference-to-their-lives-t-ramakrishnan-19336.html Under MGNREGS, rural women find themselves empowered-D Karthikeyan, The Hindu, 5 February, 2013, http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/under-mgnregs-rur al-women-find-themselves-empowered-d-karthikeyan-19223.h tm l Rural women get a taste of economic independence-DJ Walter Scott, The Hindu, 2 February, 2013, http://www.im4change.org/success-stories/rural-women-get-a -taste-of-economic-independence-dj-walter-scott-19174.ht ml    (पोस्ट में इस्तेमाल की गई तस्वीर के लिए इन्कूलिसिव मीडिया की टीम तस्वीर के स्रोत- http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/photo/13972255.cms की आभारी है।)

Tagged with: मनरेगा शिक्षा सशक्तीकरण मनरेगा शिक्षा सशक्तीकरण

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