Deprecated (16384) : The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php , line 311 ]Code Context
trigger_error ( $message , E_USER_DEPRECATED );
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You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98 Deprecated (16384) : The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php , line 311 ]Code Context
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You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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राज्य के बंटवारे के बाद कहा जा रहा था कि बिहार राज्य में राजस्व का कोई स्रोत नहीं बचा. सभी खनन क्षेत्र झारखंड में जाने के कारण बिहार आर्थिक बदहाली में पहुंच जायेगा, पर ऐसा नहीं हुआ. बिहार में मात्र..."/>
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value="https://im4change.in/hindi/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2-73.html"> अन्य नीतिगत पहल </option><option value="https://im4change.in/hindi/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%96/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8-40.html"> भुखमरी-एक आकलन </option><option value="https://im4change.in/hindi/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%96/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3-41.html"> कुपोषण </option><option value="https://im4change.in/hindi/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%96/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95-45.html"> मानव विकास सूचकांक </option><option 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लघु ऋण </option><option value="https://im4change.in/hindi/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2-64.html"> नीतिगत पहल </option><option value="https://im4change.in/hindi/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88-55.html"> पानी और साफ-सफाई </option><option value="https://im4change.in/hindi/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0-54.html"> खेती पर असर </option><option value="https://im4change.in/hindi/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0-52.html"> खबरदार </option><option value="https://im4change.in/hindi/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E2%80%8C-%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8-47.html"> न्याय:कितना दूर-कितना पास </option><option value="https://im4change.in/hindi/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E2%80%8C-%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0-56.html"> मानवाधिकार </option><option value="https://im4change.in/hindi/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E2%80%8C-%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0-35.html"> भ्रष्टाचार </option><option value="https://im4change.in/hindi/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E2%80%8C-%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6-46.html"> असुरक्षित परिवेश </option><option value="https://im4change.in/hindi/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E2%80%8C-%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4-49.html"> आपदा और राहत </option><option value="https://im4change.in/hindi/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9B-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82-9.html"> कुछ अपने बारे में </option><option value="https://im4change.in/hindi/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6-8.html"> – मकसद</option><option value="https://im4change.in/hindi/contactus.php"> – संपर्क करें</option><option value="https://im4change.in/hindi/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9B-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82-9.html"> – कुछ अपने बारे में</option><option value="https://im4change.in/hindi/fellowships.php"> फैलोशिप</option><option value="https://im4change.in/hindi/media-workshops.php"> मीडिया कार्यशाला</option><option value="https://im4change.in/hindi/research.php"> अनुसंधान</option><option value="https://im4change.in/hindi/links-64" selected="selected"> पार्टनर्स</option><option value="https://im4change.in/"> English</option></select>
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<h1 class="cat-box-title">अभिशाप बना खनन-उद्योग- पी जोसेफ</h1>
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Published on</span><span class="text-date"> Nov 19, 2013</span>
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<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बंटवारे</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बाद</span><span> </span><span>कहा</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>था</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>बिहार</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>स्रोत</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>बचा</span><span>. </span><span>सभी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>जाने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>बिहार</span><span> </span><span>आर्थिक</span><span> </span><span>बदहाली</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>पहुंच</span><span> </span><span>जायेगा</span><span>, </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>ऐसा</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>हुआ</span><span>. </span><span>बिहार</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>मात्र</span><span> </span><span>बालू</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>पत्थर</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>लगभग</span><span> </span><span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>जितना</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>आ</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>दूसरी</span><span> </span><span>तरफ</span><span>, </span><span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>अर्थव्यवस्था</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>रीढ़</span><span> </span><span>समझे</span><span> </span><span>जानेवाले</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>उद्योग</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>तरीके</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>नियंत्रित</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>दिशा</span><span> </span><span>देने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पास</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>विशेष</span><span> </span><span>नीति</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>स्थानीय</span><span> </span><span>पुलिस</span><span> </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>प्रत्यक्ष</span><span> </span><span>रूप</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>प्रश्रय</span><span> </span><span>देने</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>खबरें आती</span><span> </span><span>रहती</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>पढ़िए</span><span>, </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>मुद्दे</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>ज्वलंत</span><span> </span><span>टिप्पणी</span><span>.</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>अपनी</span><span> </span><span>प्रचुर</span><span> </span><span>खनिज</span><span> </span><span>संपदा</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>जाना</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>यूरेनियम</span><span>, </span><span>कोयला</span><span>, </span><span>लौह</span><span> </span><span>अयस्क</span><span>, </span><span>एल्यूमीनियम</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>लेकर</span><span> </span><span>सेल्युरियम</span><span>, </span><span>टेलुरियम</span><span>, </span><span>डोलोमाइट</span><span>, </span><span>कायनाइट</span><span> </span><span>जैसे</span><span> </span><span>महत्वपूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>खनिज</span><span> </span><span>पाये</span><span> </span><span>जाते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>लौह</span><span>-</span><span>अयस्क</span><span>, </span><span>कॉपर</span><span>, </span><span>माइका</span><span>, </span><span>कायनाइट</span><span>, </span><span>एसबेस्टस</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>उत्पादन</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>देश</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>प्रथम</span><span> </span><span>स्थान</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>उसी</span><span> </span><span>तरह</span><span> </span><span>कोयला</span><span>, </span><span>बॉक्साइट</span><span>, </span><span>थोरियम</span><span> </span><span>उत्पादन</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>देश</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>तृतीय</span><span> </span><span>स्थान</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>आधारित</span><span> </span><span>उद्योग</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>जमशेदपुर</span><span>, </span><span>बोकारो</span><span>, </span><span>रांची</span><span> </span><span>जैसे</span><span> </span><span>शहरों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>निकट</span><span> </span><span>अधिक</span><span> </span><span>संख्या</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>स्थापित</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>अत्यधिक</span><span> </span><span>लाभकारी</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>उद्योग</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>काफी</span><span> </span><span>रोजगार</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>मिलते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>अधिक</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्ति</span><span> </span><span>होती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>करें</span><span>, </span><span>तो</span><span> </span><span>देखा</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>सकता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>विगत</span><span> 10 </span><span>वर्षो</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>लगातार</span><span> </span><span>वृद्घि</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>उपरोक्त</span><span> </span><span>विवरणी</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>वर्ष</span><span> 2007-08 </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बाद</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>लगातार</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>अत्यधिक</span><span> </span><span>वृद्घि</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>कीखनिज</span><span> </span><span>संभावनाओं</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>देखते</span><span> </span><span>हुए</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>अब</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>काफी</span><span> </span><span>कम</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>क्योंकि</span><span> </span><span>रॉयल्टी</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>दरें</span><span> </span><span>केंद्र</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>निर्धारित</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जाती</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>पट्टे</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>केंद्र</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>स्तर</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>आवंटित</span><span> </span><span>होती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>जिस</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>राज्यों</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>अधिक</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>पा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>साथ</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>विभिन्न</span><span> </span><span>खनिजों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>उत्खनन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>परिवहन</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>क्षति</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>महत्वपूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>विशेषकर</span><span> </span><span>प्रीसियस</span><span> </span><span>मेटल्स</span><span>. </span><span>पायरोक्सिनाइट</span><span> </span><span>बेनटोनाइट</span><span>, </span><span>कायनाइट</span><span>, </span><span>इमेराल्ड</span><span> </span><span>जो</span><span> </span><span>कई</span><span> </span><span>बार</span><span> </span><span>अन्य</span><span> </span><span>उत्खनन</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>साथ</span><span> </span><span>बाई</span><span>-</span><span>प्रोडक्ट</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>रूप</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>निकाले</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>उनके</span><span> </span><span>उत्खनन</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>अनुश्रवण</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>तरीके</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>होने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>क्षति</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>कोयला</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>लौह</span><span>-</span><span>अयस्कों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>उत्खनन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>व्यापार</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जानकारी</span><span> </span><span>सभी</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उद्योग</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अर्थव्यवस्था</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>रीढ़</span><span> </span><span>कहा</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>सकता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उद्योग</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>तरीके</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>नियंत्रित</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span>, </span><span>अनुश्रवण</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>दिशा</span><span> </span><span>दर्शाने</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पास</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>विशेष</span><span> </span><span>नीति</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>जिस</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उद्योग</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>अभिशाप</span><span> </span><span>बन</span><span> </span><span>कर</span><span> </span><span>उभर</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>नियमों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>अनदेखी</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>नुकसान</span><span> : </span><span>नियमानुसार</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>करनेवाले</span><span> </span><span>प्रतिष्ठानों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>जिस</span><span> </span><span>स्वरूप</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>भूमि</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>हुई</span><span> </span><span>थी</span><span>, </span><span>उसी</span><span> </span><span>स्वरूप</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>भूमि</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पश्चात्</span><span> </span><span>वापस</span><span> </span><span>करना</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पूर्व</span><span> </span><span>हस्ताक्षरित</span><span> </span><span>एकरारनामा</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>विषय</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>प्रावधान</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>अधिकतर</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>विषय</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>ध्यान</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>दिया</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>पूरे</span><span> </span><span>धनबाद</span><span> </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>बोकारो</span><span> </span><span>जिलों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>परित्यक्त</span><span> </span><span>खदानें</span><span> </span><span>छोड़ी</span><span> </span><span>गयी</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>जिसमें</span><span> </span><span>स्थानीय</span><span> </span><span>नागरिक</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>तौर</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>करते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>पब्लिक</span><span> </span><span>सेक्टर</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>विभिन्न</span><span> </span><span>कोलियरी</span><span>/</span><span>कोल</span><span> </span><span>वाशरी</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>दामोदर</span><span> </span><span>नदी</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>सीधे</span><span> </span><span>स्लरी</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>प्रवाहित</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>जाने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>संपूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>नदी</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषित</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>पूर्वी</span><span> </span><span>सिंहभूम</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>मुसाबनी</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>सरकारी</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रम</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>स्वर्णरेखा</span><span> </span><span>नदी</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>ठीक</span><span> </span><span>किनारे</span><span> </span><span>डंपिंग</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>जिससे</span><span> </span><span>नदी</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषित</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>किसी</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span>-</span><span>उपक्रम</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषण</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>रोकने</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जाती</span><span>. </span><span>प्रदूषण</span><span> </span><span>नियंत्रण</span><span> </span><span>परिषद</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रम</span><span> </span><span>होने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>नाते</span><span> </span><span>उनकी</span><span> </span><span>लापरवाही</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>नजरअंदाज</span><span> </span><span>करते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>किंतु</span><span>, </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषण</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span>, </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>नागरिकों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>कितनी</span><span> </span><span>क्षति</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>इसकी</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>सुधि</span><span> </span><span>लेने</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>तैयार</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>पूर्वी</span><span> </span><span>सिंहभूम</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>जादूगोड़ा</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>यूरेनियम</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>भू</span><span>-</span><span>गर्भ</span><span> </span><span>जल</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषित</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>चुका</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>गर्भवती</span><span> </span><span>महिलाओं</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>गर्भपात</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>आंकड़े</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>औसत</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>अत्यधिक</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>वहां</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>फसल</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>विपरीत</span><span> </span><span>असर</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>यूरेनियम</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>हवाला</span><span> </span><span>देकर</span><span> </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>देश</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>सुरक्षा</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>हवाला</span><span> </span><span>देकर</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>तथ्यों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>नजरअंदाज</span><span> </span><span>किया</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>बिंदु</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>गये</span><span> </span><span>विभिन्न</span><span> </span><span>शोध</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>निष्कर्ष</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>दरकिनार</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>गये</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>पूर्वी</span><span> </span><span>सिंहभूम</span><span> </span><span>जिले</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>मुसाबनी</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>सिलिकोसिस</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अत्यधिक</span><span> </span><span>मामले</span><span> </span><span>सामने</span><span> </span><span>आये</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>स</span><span>-</span><span>समय</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अभाव</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कितने</span><span> </span><span>लोगों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>असामयिक</span><span> </span><span>मौत</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>चुकी</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>अंतत</span><span>: </span><span>मनवाधिकार</span><span> </span><span>आयोग</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>निर्देशों</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>कुछ</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>प्रारंभ</span><span> </span><span>हुई</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>झरिया</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>स्थिति</span><span> </span><span>भयावह</span><span>: </span><span>संपूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>झरिया</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>भूमिगत</span><span> </span><span>आग</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषण</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>सांस</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>जुड़ी</span><span> </span><span>बीमारियां</span><span> </span><span>फैल</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>उक्त</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>सरकारी</span><span> </span><span>कोयला</span><span> </span><span>कंपनी</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>एकाधिकार</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>जल</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>कोयले</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>शीघ्र</span><span> </span><span>उत्खनन</span><span> </span><span>संभव</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>पा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>देश</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>विभिन्न</span><span> </span><span>अन्य</span><span> </span><span>उद्योगों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>आज</span><span> </span><span>गुणवत्तायुक्त</span><span> </span><span>कोकिंग</span><span> </span><span>कोयले</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>मिल</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>यह</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>विचारणीय</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>वाटर</span><span> </span><span>पोल्यूशन</span><span> </span><span>एक्ट</span><span>,1974, </span><span>एयर</span><span> </span><span>एक्ट</span><span>, 1981, </span><span>एनवायर्नमेंट</span><span> </span><span>एक्ट</span><span>, 1986, </span><span>वाइल्ड</span><span>-</span><span>लाइफ</span><span> </span><span>एक्ट</span><span>,1972 </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>वन</span><span> </span><span>संरक्षण</span><span> </span><span>अधिनियम</span><span> 1980 </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अंतर्गत</span><span> </span><span>पर्यावरण</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>सुरक्षा</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>प्रावधान</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>गये</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उद्योगों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>विशेषकर</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कार्यरत</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span>-</span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>इनका</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>उल्लंघन</span><span> </span><span>किया</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>बिंदुओं</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>ध्यान</span><span> </span><span>देने</span><span> </span><span>या</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>न</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>इच्छा</span><span> </span><span>शक्ति</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>न</span><span> </span><span>उसे</span><span> </span><span>इसकी</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>आवश्यकता</span><span> </span><span>महसूस</span><span> </span><span>होती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>यदा</span><span>-</span><span>कदा</span><span> </span><span>मामले</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>स्थानीय</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>रोक</span><span> </span><span>लगाने</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>कोशिश</span><span> </span><span>करता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>तो</span><span> </span><span>ये</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रम</span><span> </span><span>तत्काल</span><span> </span><span>राष्ट्रीय</span><span> </span><span>हित</span><span>, </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>हित</span><span> </span><span>आदि</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>दुहाई</span><span> </span><span>देने</span><span> </span><span>लगते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span> </span><span>और</span><span> </span><span>भारत</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>उच्च</span><span> </span><span>पदस्थ</span><span> </span><span>लोग</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>दबाव</span><span> </span><span>बनाना</span><span> </span><span>शुरू</span><span> </span><span>कर</span><span> </span><span>देते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कमजोर</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>होने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>ठोस</span><span> </span><span>निर्णय</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>लिया</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>और</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>पर्यावरण</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>क्षति</span><span> </span><span>होती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>बड़ा</span><span> </span><span>मुद्दा</span><span> : </span><span>प्राय</span><span>: </span><span>सभी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्रों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>महत्वपूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>मुद्दा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>स्थानीय</span><span> </span><span>नेता</span><span> </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>अपराधी</span><span> </span><span>प्रत्यक्ष</span><span> </span><span>अथवा</span><span> </span><span>परोक्ष</span><span> </span><span>रूप</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>सीधे</span><span> </span><span>सम्मिलित</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>स्थानीय</span><span> </span><span>पुलिस</span><span> </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>प्रत्यक्ष</span><span> </span><span>रूप</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>समर्थन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>प्रश्रय</span><span> </span><span>दिया</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>पाकुड़</span><span> </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>बोकारो</span><span> </span><span>जिले</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>निजी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>स्थानीय</span><span> </span><span>पुलिस</span><span> </span><span>अथवा</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासनिक</span><span> </span><span>पदाधिकारियों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>नयी</span><span> </span><span>गाड़ियां</span><span> </span><span>अपने</span><span> </span><span>खर्च</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>उपलब्ध</span><span> </span><span>करायी</span><span> </span><span>गयी</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>जो</span><span> </span><span>पुलिस</span><span> </span><span>पदाधिकारी</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>गाड़ियों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>घूम</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>वे</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>लापरवाही</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>क्या</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>करेंगे</span><span>, </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>विचारणीय</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>कुछ</span><span> </span><span>स्थानों</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>पदाधिकारियों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>मासिक</span><span> </span><span>‘</span><span>पैकेट</span><span>’</span><span> </span><span>पहुंचाये</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>बदले</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>अपनी</span><span> </span><span>मनमानी</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>पूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>स्वतंत्रता</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>बढ़</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>अपराध</span><span> : </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>अपराधों</span><span> </span><span>आंकड़ों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>होगा</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>अधिकतर</span><span> </span><span>अपराधों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>महत्वपूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>कड़ी</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>आंकड़ों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>होता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>जिलों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>अपराधों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>संख्या</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>अत्यधिक</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>भूमि</span><span> </span><span>अधिग्रहण</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पश्चात</span><span> </span><span>विस्थापित</span><span> </span><span>परिवारों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पास</span><span> </span><span>रोजगार</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>स्थायी</span><span> </span><span>साधन</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>इन</span><span> </span><span>अपराधों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>रोकने</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियां</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>सहयोग</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>देतीं</span><span>. </span><span>यदि</span><span> </span><span>सभी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियां</span><span> </span><span>अपने</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>परित्यक्त</span><span> </span><span>खदानों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>तरीके</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>बंद</span><span> </span><span>करायें</span><span>, </span><span>तो</span><span> </span><span>समस्या</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>काफी</span><span> </span><span>हद</span><span> </span><span>तक</span><span> </span><span>समाधान</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>सकता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>स्वार्थी</span><span> </span><span>तत्व</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>पूर्णत</span><span>: </span><span>सम्मिलित</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>लोगों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>मौत</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>ठीकरा</span><span> </span><span>जिला</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>पुलिस</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>फोड़ा</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>मूल</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>समाधान</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>होती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>विचारणीय</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>मामले</span><span> </span><span>निजी</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>खदान</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्रों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>बहुत</span><span> </span><span>कम</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>लोक</span><span>-</span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>खदानें</span><span>, </span><span>जिनकी</span><span> </span><span>सुरक्षा</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>स्वतंत्र</span><span> </span><span>रूप</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>सुरक्षाकर्मी</span><span> </span><span>तैनात</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>वहां</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>समस्या</span><span> </span><span>सर्वाधिक</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>लोक</span><span>-</span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>सामाजिक</span><span> </span><span>दायित्व</span><span> (</span><span>सीएसआर</span><span>) </span><span>निर्वहन</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>नाम</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>मात्र</span><span> </span><span>कुछ</span><span> </span><span>प्रशिक्षण</span><span> </span><span>देने</span><span>, </span><span>कुछ</span><span> </span><span>चापाकल</span><span> </span><span>गाड़ने</span><span> </span><span>समेत</span><span> </span><span>कागजी</span><span> </span><span>खानापूरी</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>सामाजिक</span><span> </span><span>दायित्वों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>क्रियान्वयन</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>व्यवस्था</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>होता</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>इसके</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>प्राधिकार</span><span> </span><span>गठित</span><span> </span><span>करती</span><span>, </span><span>जो</span><span> </span><span>सभी</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>सीएसआर</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>नियमित</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>समन्वय</span><span> </span><span>करता</span><span>. </span><span>इसके</span><span> </span><span>अभाव</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रम</span><span> </span><span>मनमानी</span><span> </span><span>करते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>दिये</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>हवाला</span><span> </span><span>दिया</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>होनेवाले</span><span> 2000</span><span>.</span><span>00 </span><span>करोड़</span><span> </span><span>रुपये</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बदले</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>वास्तविक</span><span> </span><span>कितना</span><span> </span><span>व्यय</span><span> </span><span>करना</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>विषय</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>मुंह</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>खोलना</span><span> </span><span>चाह</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>सड़कें</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहीं</span><span> </span><span>बरबाद</span><span> : </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>बनायी</span><span> </span><span>गयी</span><span> </span><span>सड़कें</span><span> </span><span>लगातार</span><span> </span><span>खराब</span><span> </span><span>होती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>यही</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियां</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>खराब</span><span> </span><span>सड़कों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>कोसती</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>कंपनी</span><span> </span><span>स्तर</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>जानेवाले</span><span> </span><span>प्रीसियस</span><span> </span><span>मेटल्स</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>रोकने</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>उनके</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जाती</span><span>. </span><span>हाल</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>रामगढ़</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>बोकारो</span><span> </span><span>जिले</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>सरकारी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>ओवरलोडिंग</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>रोकने</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>दिल्ली</span><span> </span><span>तक</span><span> </span><span>हंगामा</span><span> </span><span>मचाया</span><span> </span><span>गया</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>इन</span><span> </span><span>सड़कों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>अधिकतम</span><span> </span><span>उपयोग</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>लाभ</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>किया</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>तो</span><span> </span><span>क्या</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>सड़कों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>निर्माण</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>मरम्मती</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>जवाबदेह</span><span> </span><span>बनाया</span><span> </span><span>जाये</span><span>. </span><span>आज</span><span> </span><span>नदियों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषणमुक्त</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span>/</span><span>केंद्र</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>हजारों</span><span> </span><span>करोड़</span><span> </span><span>रुपये</span><span> </span><span>खर्च</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>होंगे</span><span>, </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>राशि</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>वसूल</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>दिशा</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कुछ</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>विभिन्न</span><span> </span><span>बीमारियों</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>पीड़ित</span><span> </span><span>जनसंख्या</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>उपचार</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>स्वास्थ्य</span><span> </span><span>सुविधाएं</span><span> </span><span>उपलब्ध</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>होने</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>जिम्मेदार</span><span> </span><span>ठहराया</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>सुविधाओं</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>व्यवस्था</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>अतिरिक्त</span><span> </span><span>भार</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>एचइसी</span><span>, </span><span>सीसीएल</span><span>, </span><span>बीएसएल</span><span> </span><span>अथवा</span><span> </span><span>निजी</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>प्रतिष्ठानों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>विगत</span><span> 10 </span><span>वर्षो</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>तकनीकी</span><span> </span><span>गुणवत्ता</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>सुधार</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>विशेष</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>गये</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>न</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>ऐसे</span><span> </span><span>किसी</span><span> </span><span>संस्थान</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>स्थापना</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>गयी</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>एकरारनामा</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बाद</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>मेडिकल</span><span> </span><span>कॉलेज</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>खोलने</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>दिशा</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>प्रगति</span><span> </span><span>शून्य</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>तकनीकी</span><span> </span><span>संस्थानों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अभाव</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span>-</span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>करनेवाले</span><span> </span><span>अधिकतर</span><span> </span><span>अभियंता</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>पदाधिकारी</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>बाहर</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>आते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>जबकि</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जनता</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>मात्र</span><span> </span><span>मजदूरी</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>अन्य</span><span> </span><span>छोटे</span><span> </span><span>रोजगार</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>उपलब्ध</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>अभी</span><span> </span><span>तक</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उद्योगों</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>दुष्प्रभाव</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>शोध</span><span>/</span><span>अध्ययन</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>विचार</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>किया</span><span> </span><span>गया</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>हाल</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>दिशा</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कुछ</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>शुरू</span><span> </span><span>हुई</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>वास्तविक</span><span> </span><span>रूप</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>उक्त</span><span> </span><span>शोध</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>नतीजे</span><span> </span><span>सामने</span><span> </span><span>आने</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>उन</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कितना</span><span> </span><span>समय</span><span> </span><span>लगेगा</span><span>, </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>किसी</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>पता</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>धौंस</span><span> </span><span>जमाते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span> </span><span>भारत</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अधिकारी</span><span>: </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बंटवारे</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बाद</span><span> </span><span>कहा</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>था</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span>, </span><span>‘</span><span>बिहार</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>स्रोत</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>बचा</span><span>. </span><span>सभी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>जाने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>बिहार</span><span> </span><span>आर्थिक</span><span> </span><span>बदहाली</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>पहुंच</span><span> </span><span>जायेगा</span><span>.</span><span>’</span><span> </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>ऐसा</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>हुआ</span><span>. </span><span>बिहार</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>मात्र</span><span> </span><span>बालू</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>पत्थर</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>लगभग</span><span> </span><span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>जितना</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>जबकि</span><span> </span><span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>बालू</span><span> </span><span>घाटों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>नीलामी</span><span> </span><span>तक</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>ठोस</span><span> </span><span>निर्णय</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अभाव</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>विवादास्पद</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>चुकी</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>इतने</span><span> </span><span>महत्वपूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>खनिजों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>भंडार</span><span> </span><span>होने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बावजूद</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> 2500 </span><span>करोड़</span><span> </span><span>रुपये</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>रॉयल्टी</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>हम</span><span> </span><span>संतुष्ट</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>आज</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>भारत</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पदाधिकारी</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>धौंस</span><span> </span><span>दिखा</span><span> </span><span>कर</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>अनियमितताओं</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>होने</span><span> </span><span>देते</span><span>. </span><span>यदि</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उद्योगों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पर्यावरण</span><span>, </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>आधारभूत</span><span> </span><span>संरचना</span><span>, </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>भूगर्भ</span><span> </span><span>जल</span><span>, </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कृषि</span><span> </span><span>व्यवस्था</span><span>, </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>वन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>बायोडायवरसिटी</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>कुप्रभावों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>मूल्यांकन</span><span> </span><span>किया</span><span> </span><span>जाये</span><span>, </span><span>तो</span><span> </span><span>उसकी</span><span> </span><span>राशि</span><span> </span><span>कई</span><span> </span><span>गुना</span><span> </span><span>अधिक</span><span> </span><span>होगी</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>इसके</span><span> </span><span>अतिरिक्त</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>विधि</span><span>-</span><span>व्यवस्था</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>निबटने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>जो</span><span> </span><span>अतिरिक्त</span><span> </span><span>भार</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>वहां</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लोगों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>मानसिकता</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>जो</span><span> </span><span>विपरीत</span><span> </span><span>असर</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>विचारणीय</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>अतिरिक्त</span><span> </span><span>आर्थिक</span><span> </span><span>भार</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>अपने</span><span> </span><span>बजट</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>वहन</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>यह</span><span> </span><span>आवश्यक</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> 2500 </span><span>करोड़</span><span> </span><span>रुपये</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>पड़नेवाले</span><span> </span><span>अतिरिक्त</span><span> </span><span>अधिभार</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>कर</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>विषय</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>विस्तृत</span><span> </span><span>श्वेत</span><span> </span><span>पत्र</span><span> </span><span>जारी</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span>, </span><span>जिसमें</span><span> </span><span>प्रत्येक</span><span> </span><span>प्रक्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>यथा</span><span> </span><span>वन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>पर्यावरण</span><span>, </span><span>कृषि</span><span>, </span><span>पेयजल</span><span>, </span><span>विधि</span><span> </span><span>व्यवस्था</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>विपरीत</span><span> </span><span>असर</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>उस</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>आर्थिक</span><span> </span><span>क्षति</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>आकलन</span><span> </span><span>करते</span><span> </span><span>हुए</span><span> </span><span>उसके</span><span> </span><span>अनुपात</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span> </span><span>अथवा</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span>, </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>हम</span><span> </span><span>सुनिश्चित</span><span> </span><span>करें</span><span>.</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>असली</span><span> </span><span>दुर्गति</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>ध्यान</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> : </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>संबंधित</span><span> </span><span>विभिन्न</span><span> </span><span>कार्यक्रमों</span><span>/</span><span>सेमिनारों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>खनिज</span><span> </span><span>संभावनाओं</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>उल्लेख</span><span> </span><span>प्रमुखता</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>किया</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>भारत</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>कई</span><span> </span><span>बैठकों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>कहा</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>इतने</span><span> </span><span>खनिज</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>तो</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>गरीब</span><span> </span><span>क्यों</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>खनिजों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>चलते</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>कितनी</span><span> </span><span>क्षति</span><span> </span><span>विभिन्न</span><span> </span><span>स्तरों</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>इसकी</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>प्रत्येक</span><span> </span><span>स्थापना</span><span> </span><span>दिवस</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>अपनी</span><span> </span><span>उपलब्धियां</span><span> </span><span>गिनाती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>अनियमितताओं</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>केंद्रित</span><span> </span><span>कर</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>योजना</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अभाव</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्रों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>दुर्गति</span><span> </span><span>देखी</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>सकती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्रों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>जीवनांक</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>नीचे</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>नागरिकों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>सुविधाएं</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>उपलब्ध</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>पा</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>यही</span><span> </span><span>वजह</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>पूर्व</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>विस्थापन</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>दंश</span><span> </span><span>झेल</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>जनता</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>मन</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>असंतोष</span><span> </span><span>पनप</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>यदि</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>तरीके</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>संजोया</span><span> </span><span>जाये</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>नीतिगत</span><span> </span><span>फैसलों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>माध्यम</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>ठोस</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जाये</span><span>, </span><span>तभी</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>खनिज</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>वरदान</span><span> </span><span>साबित</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>सकती</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>अन्यथा</span><span> </span><span>कुछ</span><span> </span><span>वर्षो</span><span> </span><span>बाद</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>खनिज</span><span> </span><span>संपदा</span><span> </span><span>समाप्त</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>जायेंगी</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>अभिशाप</span><span> </span><span>स्वरूप</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>मात्र</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषण</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>परित्यक्त</span><span> </span><span>खदानें</span><span> </span><span>शेष</span><span> </span><span>रह</span><span> </span><span>जायेंगी</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>नुकसान</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>नुकसान</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>प्राय</span><span>: </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>सुरक्षित</span><span> </span><span>वन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्रों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>फलस्वरूप</span><span> </span><span>वनों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>साफ</span><span> </span><span>करते</span><span> </span><span>हुए</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>इससे</span><span> </span><span>जंगल</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कमी</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>जंगली</span><span> </span><span>जानवरों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>नैसर्गिक</span><span> </span><span>रहवास</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>नष्ट</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>अधिकतर</span><span> </span><span>प्रजातियां</span><span> </span><span>धीरे</span><span>-</span><span>धीरे</span><span> </span><span>समाप्त</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>वर्तमान</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>सारंडा</span><span> </span><span>जैसे</span><span> </span><span>गहन</span><span> </span><span>वन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्रों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>पट्टे</span><span> </span><span>स्वीकृत</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>गये</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>जिस</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>वहां</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जैव</span><span>-</span><span>विविधता</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>विपरीत</span><span> </span><span>असर</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>वनों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>क्षतिग्रस्त</span><span> </span><span>होने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>बड़े</span><span> </span><span>वृक्षों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>सहारे</span><span> </span><span>बढ़नेवाले</span><span> </span><span>पौधे</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>लताएं</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>प्राय</span><span>: </span><span>समाप्त</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>वनों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>साथ</span><span>-</span><span>साथ</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>कृषि</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>इलाके</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>कम</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>आस</span><span>-</span><span>पास</span><span> </span><span>कृषि</span><span> </span><span>पैदावार</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>विपरीत</span><span> </span><span>असर</span><span> </span><span>पड़ा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>अनेक</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्रों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>पैदावार</span><span> </span><span>घटी</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>क्रॉपिंग</span><span> </span><span>पैटर्न</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>विपरीत</span><span> </span><span>असर</span><span> </span><span>पड़ा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>हाल</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>देश</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>सबसे</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषित</span><span> </span><span>शहरों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>धनबाद</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>रखा</span><span> </span><span>गया</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>वहां</span><span> </span><span>विगत</span><span> 30-40 </span><span>वर्षो</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कोयला</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>परिणाम</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>लगे</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span>-</span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>अक्सर</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषण</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>नियमों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>उल्लंघन</span><span> </span><span>करते</span><span> </span><span>हुए</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>किया</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>पर्यावरण</span><span> </span><span>मानकों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>उल्लंघन</span><span> </span><span>करनेवाले</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>विरुद्घ</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जाये</span><span>, </span><span>ताकि</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>अन्य</span><span> </span><span>ऐसा</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>हिम्मत</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>जुटा</span><span> </span><span>सके</span><span>. </span><span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रम</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>सभी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उद्योगों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>पुलिस</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>दिये</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>प्रलोभन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>अतिरिक्त</span><span> </span><span>वाहन</span><span>/</span><span>आवास</span><span> </span><span>विशेष</span><span> </span><span>रूप</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>ध्यान</span><span> </span><span>देकर</span><span> </span><span>हटाये</span><span> </span><span>जायें</span><span>, </span><span>जिससे</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>निष्पक्ष</span><span> </span><span>होकर</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>कर</span><span> </span><span>सके</span><span>.</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>अतिरिक्त</span><span> </span><span>अधिभार</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>व्यवस्था</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>सकती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>सीएसआर</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>नियमित</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>समन्वय</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>अलग</span><span> </span><span>प्राधिकार</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span>, </span><span>जिसके</span><span> </span><span>माध्यम</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>कर्तव्यों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>निर्वहन</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>वाले</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>विरुद्घ</span><span> </span><span>सख्त</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>सके</span><span>.</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>वर्षवार</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>वर्ष</span><span> </span><span> राजस्व</span><span> (</span><span>करोड़</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span>)</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2003-04 </span><span> </span><span>914</span><span>.</span><span>23</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2004-05 </span><span> </span><span>934</span><span>.</span><span>90</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2005-06 </span><span> </span><span>1011.50</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2006-07 </span><span> </span><span>1013</span><span>.</span><span>08</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2007-08 </span><span> </span><span>1172</span><span>.</span><span>31</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2008-09 </span><span> </span><span>1467</span><span>.</span><span>45</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2009-10 </span><span> </span><span>1730</span><span>.</span><span>30</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2010-11 </span><span> </span><span>2135</span><span>.</span><span>47</span>
</p>
<span>2011-12 </span><span> </span><span>2580</span><span>.</span><span>84</span><span></span>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
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<h1 class="cat-box-title">अभिशाप बना खनन-उद्योग- पी जोसेफ</h1>
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<span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बंटवारे</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बाद</span><span> </span><span>कहा</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>था</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>बिहार</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>स्रोत</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>बचा</span><span>. </span><span>सभी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>जाने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>बिहार</span><span> </span><span>आर्थिक</span><span> </span><span>बदहाली</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>पहुंच</span><span> </span><span>जायेगा</span><span>, </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>ऐसा</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>हुआ</span><span>. </span><span>बिहार</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>मात्र</span><span> </span><span>बालू</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>पत्थर</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>लगभग</span><span> </span><span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>जितना</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>आ</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>दूसरी</span><span> </span><span>तरफ</span><span>, </span><span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>अर्थव्यवस्था</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>रीढ़</span><span> </span><span>समझे</span><span> </span><span>जानेवाले</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>उद्योग</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>तरीके</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>नियंत्रित</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>दिशा</span><span> </span><span>देने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पास</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>विशेष</span><span> </span><span>नीति</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>स्थानीय</span><span> </span><span>पुलिस</span><span> </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>प्रत्यक्ष</span><span> </span><span>रूप</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>प्रश्रय</span><span> </span><span>देने</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>खबरें आती</span><span> </span><span>रहती</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>पढ़िए</span><span>, </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>मुद्दे</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>ज्वलंत</span><span> </span><span>टिप्पणी</span><span>.</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>अपनी</span><span> </span><span>प्रचुर</span><span> </span><span>खनिज</span><span> </span><span>संपदा</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>जाना</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>यूरेनियम</span><span>, </span><span>कोयला</span><span>, </span><span>लौह</span><span> </span><span>अयस्क</span><span>, </span><span>एल्यूमीनियम</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>लेकर</span><span> </span><span>सेल्युरियम</span><span>, </span><span>टेलुरियम</span><span>, </span><span>डोलोमाइट</span><span>, </span><span>कायनाइट</span><span> </span><span>जैसे</span><span> </span><span>महत्वपूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>खनिज</span><span> </span><span>पाये</span><span> </span><span>जाते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>लौह</span><span>-</span><span>अयस्क</span><span>, </span><span>कॉपर</span><span>, </span><span>माइका</span><span>, </span><span>कायनाइट</span><span>, </span><span>एसबेस्टस</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>उत्पादन</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>देश</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>प्रथम</span><span> </span><span>स्थान</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>उसी</span><span> </span><span>तरह</span><span> </span><span>कोयला</span><span>, </span><span>बॉक्साइट</span><span>, </span><span>थोरियम</span><span> </span><span>उत्पादन</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>देश</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>तृतीय</span><span> </span><span>स्थान</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>आधारित</span><span> </span><span>उद्योग</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>जमशेदपुर</span><span>, </span><span>बोकारो</span><span>, </span><span>रांची</span><span> </span><span>जैसे</span><span> </span><span>शहरों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>निकट</span><span> </span><span>अधिक</span><span> </span><span>संख्या</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>स्थापित</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>अत्यधिक</span><span> </span><span>लाभकारी</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>उद्योग</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>काफी</span><span> </span><span>रोजगार</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>मिलते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>अधिक</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्ति</span><span> </span><span>होती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>करें</span><span>, </span><span>तो</span><span> </span><span>देखा</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>सकता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>विगत</span><span> 10 </span><span>वर्षो</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>लगातार</span><span> </span><span>वृद्घि</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>उपरोक्त</span><span> </span><span>विवरणी</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>वर्ष</span><span> 2007-08 </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बाद</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>लगातार</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>अत्यधिक</span><span> </span><span>वृद्घि</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>कीखनिज</span><span> </span><span>संभावनाओं</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>देखते</span><span> </span><span>हुए</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>अब</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>काफी</span><span> </span><span>कम</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>क्योंकि</span><span> </span><span>रॉयल्टी</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>दरें</span><span> </span><span>केंद्र</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>निर्धारित</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जाती</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>पट्टे</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>केंद्र</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>स्तर</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>आवंटित</span><span> </span><span>होती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>जिस</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>राज्यों</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>अधिक</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>पा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>साथ</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>विभिन्न</span><span> </span><span>खनिजों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>उत्खनन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>परिवहन</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>क्षति</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>महत्वपूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>विशेषकर</span><span> </span><span>प्रीसियस</span><span> </span><span>मेटल्स</span><span>. </span><span>पायरोक्सिनाइट</span><span> </span><span>बेनटोनाइट</span><span>, </span><span>कायनाइट</span><span>, </span><span>इमेराल्ड</span><span> </span><span>जो</span><span> </span><span>कई</span><span> </span><span>बार</span><span> </span><span>अन्य</span><span> </span><span>उत्खनन</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>साथ</span><span> </span><span>बाई</span><span>-</span><span>प्रोडक्ट</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>रूप</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>निकाले</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>उनके</span><span> </span><span>उत्खनन</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>अनुश्रवण</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>तरीके</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>होने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>क्षति</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>कोयला</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>लौह</span><span>-</span><span>अयस्कों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>उत्खनन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>व्यापार</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जानकारी</span><span> </span><span>सभी</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उद्योग</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अर्थव्यवस्था</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>रीढ़</span><span> </span><span>कहा</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>सकता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उद्योग</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>तरीके</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>नियंत्रित</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span>, </span><span>अनुश्रवण</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>दिशा</span><span> </span><span>दर्शाने</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पास</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>विशेष</span><span> </span><span>नीति</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>जिस</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उद्योग</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>अभिशाप</span><span> </span><span>बन</span><span> </span><span>कर</span><span> </span><span>उभर</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>नियमों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>अनदेखी</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>नुकसान</span><span> : </span><span>नियमानुसार</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>करनेवाले</span><span> </span><span>प्रतिष्ठानों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>जिस</span><span> </span><span>स्वरूप</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>भूमि</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>हुई</span><span> </span><span>थी</span><span>, </span><span>उसी</span><span> </span><span>स्वरूप</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>भूमि</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पश्चात्</span><span> </span><span>वापस</span><span> </span><span>करना</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पूर्व</span><span> </span><span>हस्ताक्षरित</span><span> </span><span>एकरारनामा</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>विषय</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>प्रावधान</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>अधिकतर</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>विषय</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>ध्यान</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>दिया</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>पूरे</span><span> </span><span>धनबाद</span><span> </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>बोकारो</span><span> </span><span>जिलों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>परित्यक्त</span><span> </span><span>खदानें</span><span> </span><span>छोड़ी</span><span> </span><span>गयी</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>जिसमें</span><span> </span><span>स्थानीय</span><span> </span><span>नागरिक</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>तौर</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>करते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>पब्लिक</span><span> </span><span>सेक्टर</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>विभिन्न</span><span> </span><span>कोलियरी</span><span>/</span><span>कोल</span><span> </span><span>वाशरी</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>दामोदर</span><span> </span><span>नदी</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>सीधे</span><span> </span><span>स्लरी</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>प्रवाहित</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>जाने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>संपूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>नदी</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषित</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>पूर्वी</span><span> </span><span>सिंहभूम</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>मुसाबनी</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>सरकारी</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रम</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>स्वर्णरेखा</span><span> </span><span>नदी</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>ठीक</span><span> </span><span>किनारे</span><span> </span><span>डंपिंग</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>जिससे</span><span> </span><span>नदी</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषित</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>किसी</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span>-</span><span>उपक्रम</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषण</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>रोकने</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जाती</span><span>. </span><span>प्रदूषण</span><span> </span><span>नियंत्रण</span><span> </span><span>परिषद</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रम</span><span> </span><span>होने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>नाते</span><span> </span><span>उनकी</span><span> </span><span>लापरवाही</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>नजरअंदाज</span><span> </span><span>करते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>किंतु</span><span>, </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषण</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span>, </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>नागरिकों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>कितनी</span><span> </span><span>क्षति</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>इसकी</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>सुधि</span><span> </span><span>लेने</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>तैयार</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>पूर्वी</span><span> </span><span>सिंहभूम</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>जादूगोड़ा</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>यूरेनियम</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>भू</span><span>-</span><span>गर्भ</span><span> </span><span>जल</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषित</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>चुका</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>गर्भवती</span><span> </span><span>महिलाओं</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>गर्भपात</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>आंकड़े</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>औसत</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>अत्यधिक</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>वहां</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>फसल</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>विपरीत</span><span> </span><span>असर</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>यूरेनियम</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>हवाला</span><span> </span><span>देकर</span><span> </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>देश</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>सुरक्षा</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>हवाला</span><span> </span><span>देकर</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>तथ्यों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>नजरअंदाज</span><span> </span><span>किया</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>बिंदु</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>गये</span><span> </span><span>विभिन्न</span><span> </span><span>शोध</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>निष्कर्ष</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>दरकिनार</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>गये</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>पूर्वी</span><span> </span><span>सिंहभूम</span><span> </span><span>जिले</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>मुसाबनी</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>सिलिकोसिस</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अत्यधिक</span><span> </span><span>मामले</span><span> </span><span>सामने</span><span> </span><span>आये</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>स</span><span>-</span><span>समय</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अभाव</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कितने</span><span> </span><span>लोगों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>असामयिक</span><span> </span><span>मौत</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>चुकी</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>अंतत</span><span>: </span><span>मनवाधिकार</span><span> </span><span>आयोग</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>निर्देशों</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>कुछ</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>प्रारंभ</span><span> </span><span>हुई</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>झरिया</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>स्थिति</span><span> </span><span>भयावह</span><span>: </span><span>संपूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>झरिया</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>भूमिगत</span><span> </span><span>आग</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषण</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>सांस</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>जुड़ी</span><span> </span><span>बीमारियां</span><span> </span><span>फैल</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>उक्त</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>सरकारी</span><span> </span><span>कोयला</span><span> </span><span>कंपनी</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>एकाधिकार</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>जल</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>कोयले</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>शीघ्र</span><span> </span><span>उत्खनन</span><span> </span><span>संभव</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>पा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>देश</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>विभिन्न</span><span> </span><span>अन्य</span><span> </span><span>उद्योगों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>आज</span><span> </span><span>गुणवत्तायुक्त</span><span> </span><span>कोकिंग</span><span> </span><span>कोयले</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>मिल</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>यह</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>विचारणीय</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>वाटर</span><span> </span><span>पोल्यूशन</span><span> </span><span>एक्ट</span><span>,1974, </span><span>एयर</span><span> </span><span>एक्ट</span><span>, 1981, </span><span>एनवायर्नमेंट</span><span> </span><span>एक्ट</span><span>, 1986, </span><span>वाइल्ड</span><span>-</span><span>लाइफ</span><span> </span><span>एक्ट</span><span>,1972 </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>वन</span><span> </span><span>संरक्षण</span><span> </span><span>अधिनियम</span><span> 1980 </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अंतर्गत</span><span> </span><span>पर्यावरण</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>सुरक्षा</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>प्रावधान</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>गये</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उद्योगों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>विशेषकर</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कार्यरत</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span>-</span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>इनका</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>उल्लंघन</span><span> </span><span>किया</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>बिंदुओं</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>ध्यान</span><span> </span><span>देने</span><span> </span><span>या</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>न</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>इच्छा</span><span> </span><span>शक्ति</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>न</span><span> </span><span>उसे</span><span> </span><span>इसकी</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>आवश्यकता</span><span> </span><span>महसूस</span><span> </span><span>होती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>यदा</span><span>-</span><span>कदा</span><span> </span><span>मामले</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>स्थानीय</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>रोक</span><span> </span><span>लगाने</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>कोशिश</span><span> </span><span>करता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>तो</span><span> </span><span>ये</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रम</span><span> </span><span>तत्काल</span><span> </span><span>राष्ट्रीय</span><span> </span><span>हित</span><span>, </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>हित</span><span> </span><span>आदि</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>दुहाई</span><span> </span><span>देने</span><span> </span><span>लगते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span> </span><span>और</span><span> </span><span>भारत</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>उच्च</span><span> </span><span>पदस्थ</span><span> </span><span>लोग</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>दबाव</span><span> </span><span>बनाना</span><span> </span><span>शुरू</span><span> </span><span>कर</span><span> </span><span>देते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कमजोर</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>होने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>ठोस</span><span> </span><span>निर्णय</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>लिया</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>और</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>पर्यावरण</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>क्षति</span><span> </span><span>होती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>बड़ा</span><span> </span><span>मुद्दा</span><span> : </span><span>प्राय</span><span>: </span><span>सभी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्रों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>महत्वपूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>मुद्दा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>स्थानीय</span><span> </span><span>नेता</span><span> </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>अपराधी</span><span> </span><span>प्रत्यक्ष</span><span> </span><span>अथवा</span><span> </span><span>परोक्ष</span><span> </span><span>रूप</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>सीधे</span><span> </span><span>सम्मिलित</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>स्थानीय</span><span> </span><span>पुलिस</span><span> </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>प्रत्यक्ष</span><span> </span><span>रूप</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>समर्थन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>प्रश्रय</span><span> </span><span>दिया</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>पाकुड़</span><span> </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>बोकारो</span><span> </span><span>जिले</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>निजी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>स्थानीय</span><span> </span><span>पुलिस</span><span> </span><span>अथवा</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासनिक</span><span> </span><span>पदाधिकारियों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>नयी</span><span> </span><span>गाड़ियां</span><span> </span><span>अपने</span><span> </span><span>खर्च</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>उपलब्ध</span><span> </span><span>करायी</span><span> </span><span>गयी</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>जो</span><span> </span><span>पुलिस</span><span> </span><span>पदाधिकारी</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>गाड़ियों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>घूम</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>वे</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>लापरवाही</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>क्या</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>करेंगे</span><span>, </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>विचारणीय</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>कुछ</span><span> </span><span>स्थानों</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>पदाधिकारियों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>मासिक</span><span> </span><span>‘</span><span>पैकेट</span><span>’</span><span> </span><span>पहुंचाये</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>बदले</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>अपनी</span><span> </span><span>मनमानी</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>पूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>स्वतंत्रता</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>बढ़</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>अपराध</span><span> : </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>अपराधों</span><span> </span><span>आंकड़ों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>होगा</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>अधिकतर</span><span> </span><span>अपराधों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>महत्वपूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>कड़ी</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>आंकड़ों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>होता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>जिलों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>अपराधों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>संख्या</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>अत्यधिक</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>भूमि</span><span> </span><span>अधिग्रहण</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पश्चात</span><span> </span><span>विस्थापित</span><span> </span><span>परिवारों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पास</span><span> </span><span>रोजगार</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>स्थायी</span><span> </span><span>साधन</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>इन</span><span> </span><span>अपराधों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>रोकने</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियां</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>सहयोग</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>देतीं</span><span>. </span><span>यदि</span><span> </span><span>सभी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियां</span><span> </span><span>अपने</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>परित्यक्त</span><span> </span><span>खदानों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>तरीके</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>बंद</span><span> </span><span>करायें</span><span>, </span><span>तो</span><span> </span><span>समस्या</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>काफी</span><span> </span><span>हद</span><span> </span><span>तक</span><span> </span><span>समाधान</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>सकता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>स्वार्थी</span><span> </span><span>तत्व</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>पूर्णत</span><span>: </span><span>सम्मिलित</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>लोगों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>मौत</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>ठीकरा</span><span> </span><span>जिला</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>पुलिस</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>फोड़ा</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>मूल</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>समाधान</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>होती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>विचारणीय</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>मामले</span><span> </span><span>निजी</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>खदान</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्रों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>बहुत</span><span> </span><span>कम</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>लोक</span><span>-</span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>खदानें</span><span>, </span><span>जिनकी</span><span> </span><span>सुरक्षा</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>स्वतंत्र</span><span> </span><span>रूप</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>सुरक्षाकर्मी</span><span> </span><span>तैनात</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>वहां</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>समस्या</span><span> </span><span>सर्वाधिक</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>लोक</span><span>-</span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>सामाजिक</span><span> </span><span>दायित्व</span><span> (</span><span>सीएसआर</span><span>) </span><span>निर्वहन</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>नाम</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>मात्र</span><span> </span><span>कुछ</span><span> </span><span>प्रशिक्षण</span><span> </span><span>देने</span><span>, </span><span>कुछ</span><span> </span><span>चापाकल</span><span> </span><span>गाड़ने</span><span> </span><span>समेत</span><span> </span><span>कागजी</span><span> </span><span>खानापूरी</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>सामाजिक</span><span> </span><span>दायित्वों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>क्रियान्वयन</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>व्यवस्था</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>होता</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>इसके</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>प्राधिकार</span><span> </span><span>गठित</span><span> </span><span>करती</span><span>, </span><span>जो</span><span> </span><span>सभी</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>सीएसआर</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>नियमित</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>समन्वय</span><span> </span><span>करता</span><span>. </span><span>इसके</span><span> </span><span>अभाव</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रम</span><span> </span><span>मनमानी</span><span> </span><span>करते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>दिये</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>हवाला</span><span> </span><span>दिया</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>होनेवाले</span><span> 2000</span><span>.</span><span>00 </span><span>करोड़</span><span> </span><span>रुपये</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बदले</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>वास्तविक</span><span> </span><span>कितना</span><span> </span><span>व्यय</span><span> </span><span>करना</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>विषय</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>मुंह</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>खोलना</span><span> </span><span>चाह</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>सड़कें</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहीं</span><span> </span><span>बरबाद</span><span> : </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>बनायी</span><span> </span><span>गयी</span><span> </span><span>सड़कें</span><span> </span><span>लगातार</span><span> </span><span>खराब</span><span> </span><span>होती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>यही</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियां</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>खराब</span><span> </span><span>सड़कों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>कोसती</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>कंपनी</span><span> </span><span>स्तर</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>जानेवाले</span><span> </span><span>प्रीसियस</span><span> </span><span>मेटल्स</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>रोकने</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>उनके</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जाती</span><span>. </span><span>हाल</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>रामगढ़</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>बोकारो</span><span> </span><span>जिले</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>सरकारी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>ओवरलोडिंग</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>रोकने</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>दिल्ली</span><span> </span><span>तक</span><span> </span><span>हंगामा</span><span> </span><span>मचाया</span><span> </span><span>गया</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>इन</span><span> </span><span>सड़कों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>अधिकतम</span><span> </span><span>उपयोग</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>लाभ</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>किया</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>तो</span><span> </span><span>क्या</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>सड़कों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>निर्माण</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>मरम्मती</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>जवाबदेह</span><span> </span><span>बनाया</span><span> </span><span>जाये</span><span>. </span><span>आज</span><span> </span><span>नदियों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषणमुक्त</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span>/</span><span>केंद्र</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>हजारों</span><span> </span><span>करोड़</span><span> </span><span>रुपये</span><span> </span><span>खर्च</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>होंगे</span><span>, </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>राशि</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>वसूल</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>दिशा</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कुछ</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>विभिन्न</span><span> </span><span>बीमारियों</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>पीड़ित</span><span> </span><span>जनसंख्या</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>उपचार</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>स्वास्थ्य</span><span> </span><span>सुविधाएं</span><span> </span><span>उपलब्ध</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>होने</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>जिम्मेदार</span><span> </span><span>ठहराया</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>सुविधाओं</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>व्यवस्था</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>अतिरिक्त</span><span> </span><span>भार</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>एचइसी</span><span>, </span><span>सीसीएल</span><span>, </span><span>बीएसएल</span><span> </span><span>अथवा</span><span> </span><span>निजी</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>प्रतिष्ठानों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>विगत</span><span> 10 </span><span>वर्षो</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>तकनीकी</span><span> </span><span>गुणवत्ता</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>सुधार</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>विशेष</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>गये</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>न</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>ऐसे</span><span> </span><span>किसी</span><span> </span><span>संस्थान</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>स्थापना</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>गयी</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>एकरारनामा</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बाद</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>मेडिकल</span><span> </span><span>कॉलेज</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>खोलने</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>दिशा</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>प्रगति</span><span> </span><span>शून्य</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>तकनीकी</span><span> </span><span>संस्थानों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अभाव</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span>-</span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>करनेवाले</span><span> </span><span>अधिकतर</span><span> </span><span>अभियंता</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>पदाधिकारी</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>बाहर</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>आते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>जबकि</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जनता</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>मात्र</span><span> </span><span>मजदूरी</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>अन्य</span><span> </span><span>छोटे</span><span> </span><span>रोजगार</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>उपलब्ध</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>अभी</span><span> </span><span>तक</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उद्योगों</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>दुष्प्रभाव</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>शोध</span><span>/</span><span>अध्ययन</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>विचार</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>किया</span><span> </span><span>गया</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>हाल</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>दिशा</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कुछ</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>शुरू</span><span> </span><span>हुई</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>वास्तविक</span><span> </span><span>रूप</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>उक्त</span><span> </span><span>शोध</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>नतीजे</span><span> </span><span>सामने</span><span> </span><span>आने</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>उन</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कितना</span><span> </span><span>समय</span><span> </span><span>लगेगा</span><span>, </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>किसी</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>पता</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>धौंस</span><span> </span><span>जमाते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span> </span><span>भारत</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अधिकारी</span><span>: </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बंटवारे</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बाद</span><span> </span><span>कहा</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>था</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span>, </span><span>‘</span><span>बिहार</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>स्रोत</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>बचा</span><span>. </span><span>सभी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>जाने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>बिहार</span><span> </span><span>आर्थिक</span><span> </span><span>बदहाली</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>पहुंच</span><span> </span><span>जायेगा</span><span>.</span><span>’</span><span> </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>ऐसा</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>हुआ</span><span>. </span><span>बिहार</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>मात्र</span><span> </span><span>बालू</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>पत्थर</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>लगभग</span><span> </span><span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>जितना</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>जबकि</span><span> </span><span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>बालू</span><span> </span><span>घाटों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>नीलामी</span><span> </span><span>तक</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>ठोस</span><span> </span><span>निर्णय</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अभाव</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>विवादास्पद</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>चुकी</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>इतने</span><span> </span><span>महत्वपूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>खनिजों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>भंडार</span><span> </span><span>होने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बावजूद</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> 2500 </span><span>करोड़</span><span> </span><span>रुपये</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>रॉयल्टी</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>हम</span><span> </span><span>संतुष्ट</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>आज</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>भारत</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पदाधिकारी</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>धौंस</span><span> </span><span>दिखा</span><span> </span><span>कर</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>अनियमितताओं</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>होने</span><span> </span><span>देते</span><span>. </span><span>यदि</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उद्योगों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पर्यावरण</span><span>, </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>आधारभूत</span><span> </span><span>संरचना</span><span>, </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>भूगर्भ</span><span> </span><span>जल</span><span>, </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कृषि</span><span> </span><span>व्यवस्था</span><span>, </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>वन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>बायोडायवरसिटी</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>कुप्रभावों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>मूल्यांकन</span><span> </span><span>किया</span><span> </span><span>जाये</span><span>, </span><span>तो</span><span> </span><span>उसकी</span><span> </span><span>राशि</span><span> </span><span>कई</span><span> </span><span>गुना</span><span> </span><span>अधिक</span><span> </span><span>होगी</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>इसके</span><span> </span><span>अतिरिक्त</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>विधि</span><span>-</span><span>व्यवस्था</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>निबटने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>जो</span><span> </span><span>अतिरिक्त</span><span> </span><span>भार</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>वहां</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लोगों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>मानसिकता</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>जो</span><span> </span><span>विपरीत</span><span> </span><span>असर</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>विचारणीय</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>अतिरिक्त</span><span> </span><span>आर्थिक</span><span> </span><span>भार</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>अपने</span><span> </span><span>बजट</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>वहन</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>यह</span><span> </span><span>आवश्यक</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> 2500 </span><span>करोड़</span><span> </span><span>रुपये</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>पड़नेवाले</span><span> </span><span>अतिरिक्त</span><span> </span><span>अधिभार</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>कर</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>विषय</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>विस्तृत</span><span> </span><span>श्वेत</span><span> </span><span>पत्र</span><span> </span><span>जारी</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span>, </span><span>जिसमें</span><span> </span><span>प्रत्येक</span><span> </span><span>प्रक्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>यथा</span><span> </span><span>वन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>पर्यावरण</span><span>, </span><span>कृषि</span><span>, </span><span>पेयजल</span><span>, </span><span>विधि</span><span> </span><span>व्यवस्था</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>विपरीत</span><span> </span><span>असर</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>उस</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>आर्थिक</span><span> </span><span>क्षति</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>आकलन</span><span> </span><span>करते</span><span> </span><span>हुए</span><span> </span><span>उसके</span><span> </span><span>अनुपात</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span> </span><span>अथवा</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span>, </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>हम</span><span> </span><span>सुनिश्चित</span><span> </span><span>करें</span><span>.</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>असली</span><span> </span><span>दुर्गति</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>ध्यान</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> : </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>संबंधित</span><span> </span><span>विभिन्न</span><span> </span><span>कार्यक्रमों</span><span>/</span><span>सेमिनारों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>खनिज</span><span> </span><span>संभावनाओं</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>उल्लेख</span><span> </span><span>प्रमुखता</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>किया</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>भारत</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>कई</span><span> </span><span>बैठकों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>कहा</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>इतने</span><span> </span><span>खनिज</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>तो</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>गरीब</span><span> </span><span>क्यों</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>खनिजों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>चलते</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>कितनी</span><span> </span><span>क्षति</span><span> </span><span>विभिन्न</span><span> </span><span>स्तरों</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>इसकी</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>प्रत्येक</span><span> </span><span>स्थापना</span><span> </span><span>दिवस</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>अपनी</span><span> </span><span>उपलब्धियां</span><span> </span><span>गिनाती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>अनियमितताओं</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>केंद्रित</span><span> </span><span>कर</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>योजना</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अभाव</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्रों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>दुर्गति</span><span> </span><span>देखी</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>सकती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्रों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>जीवनांक</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>नीचे</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>नागरिकों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>सुविधाएं</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>उपलब्ध</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>पा</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>यही</span><span> </span><span>वजह</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>पूर्व</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>विस्थापन</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>दंश</span><span> </span><span>झेल</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>जनता</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>मन</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>असंतोष</span><span> </span><span>पनप</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>यदि</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>तरीके</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>संजोया</span><span> </span><span>जाये</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>नीतिगत</span><span> </span><span>फैसलों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>माध्यम</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>ठोस</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जाये</span><span>, </span><span>तभी</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>खनिज</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>वरदान</span><span> </span><span>साबित</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>सकती</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>अन्यथा</span><span> </span><span>कुछ</span><span> </span><span>वर्षो</span><span> </span><span>बाद</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>खनिज</span><span> </span><span>संपदा</span><span> </span><span>समाप्त</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>जायेंगी</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>अभिशाप</span><span> </span><span>स्वरूप</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>मात्र</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषण</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>परित्यक्त</span><span> </span><span>खदानें</span><span> </span><span>शेष</span><span> </span><span>रह</span><span> </span><span>जायेंगी</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>नुकसान</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>नुकसान</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>प्राय</span><span>: </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>सुरक्षित</span><span> </span><span>वन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्रों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>फलस्वरूप</span><span> </span><span>वनों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>साफ</span><span> </span><span>करते</span><span> </span><span>हुए</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>इससे</span><span> </span><span>जंगल</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कमी</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>जंगली</span><span> </span><span>जानवरों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>नैसर्गिक</span><span> </span><span>रहवास</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>नष्ट</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>अधिकतर</span><span> </span><span>प्रजातियां</span><span> </span><span>धीरे</span><span>-</span><span>धीरे</span><span> </span><span>समाप्त</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>वर्तमान</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>सारंडा</span><span> </span><span>जैसे</span><span> </span><span>गहन</span><span> </span><span>वन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्रों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>पट्टे</span><span> </span><span>स्वीकृत</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>गये</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>जिस</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>वहां</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जैव</span><span>-</span><span>विविधता</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>विपरीत</span><span> </span><span>असर</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>वनों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>क्षतिग्रस्त</span><span> </span><span>होने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>बड़े</span><span> </span><span>वृक्षों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>सहारे</span><span> </span><span>बढ़नेवाले</span><span> </span><span>पौधे</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>लताएं</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>प्राय</span><span>: </span><span>समाप्त</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>वनों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>साथ</span><span>-</span><span>साथ</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>कृषि</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>इलाके</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>कम</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>आस</span><span>-</span><span>पास</span><span> </span><span>कृषि</span><span> </span><span>पैदावार</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>विपरीत</span><span> </span><span>असर</span><span> </span><span>पड़ा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>अनेक</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्रों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>पैदावार</span><span> </span><span>घटी</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>क्रॉपिंग</span><span> </span><span>पैटर्न</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>विपरीत</span><span> </span><span>असर</span><span> </span><span>पड़ा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>हाल</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>देश</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>सबसे</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषित</span><span> </span><span>शहरों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>धनबाद</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>रखा</span><span> </span><span>गया</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>वहां</span><span> </span><span>विगत</span><span> 30-40 </span><span>वर्षो</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कोयला</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>परिणाम</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>लगे</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span>-</span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>अक्सर</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषण</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>नियमों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>उल्लंघन</span><span> </span><span>करते</span><span> </span><span>हुए</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>किया</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>पर्यावरण</span><span> </span><span>मानकों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>उल्लंघन</span><span> </span><span>करनेवाले</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>विरुद्घ</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जाये</span><span>, </span><span>ताकि</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>अन्य</span><span> </span><span>ऐसा</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>हिम्मत</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>जुटा</span><span> </span><span>सके</span><span>. </span><span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रम</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>सभी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उद्योगों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>पुलिस</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>दिये</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>प्रलोभन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>अतिरिक्त</span><span> </span><span>वाहन</span><span>/</span><span>आवास</span><span> </span><span>विशेष</span><span> </span><span>रूप</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>ध्यान</span><span> </span><span>देकर</span><span> </span><span>हटाये</span><span> </span><span>जायें</span><span>, </span><span>जिससे</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>निष्पक्ष</span><span> </span><span>होकर</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>कर</span><span> </span><span>सके</span><span>.</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>अतिरिक्त</span><span> </span><span>अधिभार</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>व्यवस्था</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>सकती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>सीएसआर</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>नियमित</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>समन्वय</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>अलग</span><span> </span><span>प्राधिकार</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span>, </span><span>जिसके</span><span> </span><span>माध्यम</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>कर्तव्यों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>निर्वहन</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>वाले</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>विरुद्घ</span><span> </span><span>सख्त</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>सके</span><span>.</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>वर्षवार</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>वर्ष</span><span> </span><span> राजस्व</span><span> (</span><span>करोड़</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span>)</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2003-04 </span><span> </span><span>914</span><span>.</span><span>23</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2004-05 </span><span> </span><span>934</span><span>.</span><span>90</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2005-06 </span><span> </span><span>1011.50</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2006-07 </span><span> </span><span>1013</span><span>.</span><span>08</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2007-08 </span><span> </span><span>1172</span><span>.</span><span>31</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2008-09 </span><span> </span><span>1467</span><span>.</span><span>45</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2009-10 </span><span> </span><span>1730</span><span>.</span><span>30</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2010-11 </span><span> </span><span>2135</span><span>.</span><span>47</span>
</p>
<span>2011-12 </span><span> </span><span>2580</span><span>.</span><span>84</span><span></span>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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<h1 class="cat-box-title">अभिशाप बना खनन-उद्योग- पी जोसेफ</h1>
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<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बंटवारे</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बाद</span><span> </span><span>कहा</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>था</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>बिहार</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>स्रोत</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>बचा</span><span>. </span><span>सभी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>जाने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>बिहार</span><span> </span><span>आर्थिक</span><span> </span><span>बदहाली</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>पहुंच</span><span> </span><span>जायेगा</span><span>, </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>ऐसा</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>हुआ</span><span>. </span><span>बिहार</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>मात्र</span><span> </span><span>बालू</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>पत्थर</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>लगभग</span><span> </span><span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>जितना</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>आ</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>दूसरी</span><span> </span><span>तरफ</span><span>, </span><span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>अर्थव्यवस्था</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>रीढ़</span><span> </span><span>समझे</span><span> </span><span>जानेवाले</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>उद्योग</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>तरीके</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>नियंत्रित</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>दिशा</span><span> </span><span>देने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पास</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>विशेष</span><span> </span><span>नीति</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>स्थानीय</span><span> </span><span>पुलिस</span><span> </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>प्रत्यक्ष</span><span> </span><span>रूप</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>प्रश्रय</span><span> </span><span>देने</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>खबरें आती</span><span> </span><span>रहती</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>पढ़िए</span><span>, </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>मुद्दे</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>ज्वलंत</span><span> </span><span>टिप्पणी</span><span>.</span><span></span>
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<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>अपनी</span><span> </span><span>प्रचुर</span><span> </span><span>खनिज</span><span> </span><span>संपदा</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>जाना</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>यूरेनियम</span><span>, </span><span>कोयला</span><span>, </span><span>लौह</span><span> </span><span>अयस्क</span><span>, </span><span>एल्यूमीनियम</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>लेकर</span><span> </span><span>सेल्युरियम</span><span>, </span><span>टेलुरियम</span><span>, </span><span>डोलोमाइट</span><span>, </span><span>कायनाइट</span><span> </span><span>जैसे</span><span> </span><span>महत्वपूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>खनिज</span><span> </span><span>पाये</span><span> </span><span>जाते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>लौह</span><span>-</span><span>अयस्क</span><span>, </span><span>कॉपर</span><span>, </span><span>माइका</span><span>, </span><span>कायनाइट</span><span>, </span><span>एसबेस्टस</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>उत्पादन</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>देश</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>प्रथम</span><span> </span><span>स्थान</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>उसी</span><span> </span><span>तरह</span><span> </span><span>कोयला</span><span>, </span><span>बॉक्साइट</span><span>, </span><span>थोरियम</span><span> </span><span>उत्पादन</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>देश</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>तृतीय</span><span> </span><span>स्थान</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>आधारित</span><span> </span><span>उद्योग</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>जमशेदपुर</span><span>, </span><span>बोकारो</span><span>, </span><span>रांची</span><span> </span><span>जैसे</span><span> </span><span>शहरों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>निकट</span><span> </span><span>अधिक</span><span> </span><span>संख्या</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>स्थापित</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>अत्यधिक</span><span> </span><span>लाभकारी</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>उद्योग</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>काफी</span><span> </span><span>रोजगार</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>मिलते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>अधिक</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्ति</span><span> </span><span>होती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>करें</span><span>, </span><span>तो</span><span> </span><span>देखा</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>सकता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>विगत</span><span> 10 </span><span>वर्षो</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>लगातार</span><span> </span><span>वृद्घि</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>उपरोक्त</span><span> </span><span>विवरणी</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>वर्ष</span><span> 2007-08 </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बाद</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>लगातार</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>अत्यधिक</span><span> </span><span>वृद्घि</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>कीखनिज</span><span> </span><span>संभावनाओं</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>देखते</span><span> </span><span>हुए</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>अब</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>काफी</span><span> </span><span>कम</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>क्योंकि</span><span> </span><span>रॉयल्टी</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>दरें</span><span> </span><span>केंद्र</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>निर्धारित</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जाती</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>पट्टे</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>केंद्र</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>स्तर</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>आवंटित</span><span> </span><span>होती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>जिस</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>राज्यों</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>अधिक</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>पा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>साथ</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>विभिन्न</span><span> </span><span>खनिजों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>उत्खनन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>परिवहन</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>क्षति</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>महत्वपूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>विशेषकर</span><span> </span><span>प्रीसियस</span><span> </span><span>मेटल्स</span><span>. </span><span>पायरोक्सिनाइट</span><span> </span><span>बेनटोनाइट</span><span>, </span><span>कायनाइट</span><span>, </span><span>इमेराल्ड</span><span> </span><span>जो</span><span> </span><span>कई</span><span> </span><span>बार</span><span> </span><span>अन्य</span><span> </span><span>उत्खनन</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>साथ</span><span> </span><span>बाई</span><span>-</span><span>प्रोडक्ट</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>रूप</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>निकाले</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>उनके</span><span> </span><span>उत्खनन</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>अनुश्रवण</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>तरीके</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>होने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>क्षति</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>कोयला</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>लौह</span><span>-</span><span>अयस्कों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>उत्खनन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>व्यापार</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जानकारी</span><span> </span><span>सभी</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उद्योग</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अर्थव्यवस्था</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>रीढ़</span><span> </span><span>कहा</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>सकता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उद्योग</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>तरीके</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>नियंत्रित</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span>, </span><span>अनुश्रवण</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>दिशा</span><span> </span><span>दर्शाने</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पास</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>विशेष</span><span> </span><span>नीति</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>जिस</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उद्योग</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>अभिशाप</span><span> </span><span>बन</span><span> </span><span>कर</span><span> </span><span>उभर</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>नियमों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>अनदेखी</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>नुकसान</span><span> : </span><span>नियमानुसार</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>करनेवाले</span><span> </span><span>प्रतिष्ठानों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>जिस</span><span> </span><span>स्वरूप</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>भूमि</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>हुई</span><span> </span><span>थी</span><span>, </span><span>उसी</span><span> </span><span>स्वरूप</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>भूमि</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पश्चात्</span><span> </span><span>वापस</span><span> </span><span>करना</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पूर्व</span><span> </span><span>हस्ताक्षरित</span><span> </span><span>एकरारनामा</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>विषय</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>प्रावधान</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>अधिकतर</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>विषय</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>ध्यान</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>दिया</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>पूरे</span><span> </span><span>धनबाद</span><span> </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>बोकारो</span><span> </span><span>जिलों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>परित्यक्त</span><span> </span><span>खदानें</span><span> </span><span>छोड़ी</span><span> </span><span>गयी</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>जिसमें</span><span> </span><span>स्थानीय</span><span> </span><span>नागरिक</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>तौर</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>करते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>पब्लिक</span><span> </span><span>सेक्टर</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>विभिन्न</span><span> </span><span>कोलियरी</span><span>/</span><span>कोल</span><span> </span><span>वाशरी</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>दामोदर</span><span> </span><span>नदी</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>सीधे</span><span> </span><span>स्लरी</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>प्रवाहित</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>जाने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>संपूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>नदी</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषित</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>पूर्वी</span><span> </span><span>सिंहभूम</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>मुसाबनी</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>सरकारी</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रम</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>स्वर्णरेखा</span><span> </span><span>नदी</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>ठीक</span><span> </span><span>किनारे</span><span> </span><span>डंपिंग</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>जिससे</span><span> </span><span>नदी</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषित</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>किसी</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span>-</span><span>उपक्रम</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषण</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>रोकने</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जाती</span><span>. </span><span>प्रदूषण</span><span> </span><span>नियंत्रण</span><span> </span><span>परिषद</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रम</span><span> </span><span>होने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>नाते</span><span> </span><span>उनकी</span><span> </span><span>लापरवाही</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>नजरअंदाज</span><span> </span><span>करते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>किंतु</span><span>, </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषण</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span>, </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>नागरिकों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>कितनी</span><span> </span><span>क्षति</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>इसकी</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>सुधि</span><span> </span><span>लेने</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>तैयार</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>पूर्वी</span><span> </span><span>सिंहभूम</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>जादूगोड़ा</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>यूरेनियम</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>भू</span><span>-</span><span>गर्भ</span><span> </span><span>जल</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषित</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>चुका</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>गर्भवती</span><span> </span><span>महिलाओं</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>गर्भपात</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>आंकड़े</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>औसत</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>अत्यधिक</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>वहां</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>फसल</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>विपरीत</span><span> </span><span>असर</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>यूरेनियम</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>हवाला</span><span> </span><span>देकर</span><span> </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>देश</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>सुरक्षा</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>हवाला</span><span> </span><span>देकर</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>तथ्यों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>नजरअंदाज</span><span> </span><span>किया</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>बिंदु</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>गये</span><span> </span><span>विभिन्न</span><span> </span><span>शोध</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>निष्कर्ष</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>दरकिनार</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>गये</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>पूर्वी</span><span> </span><span>सिंहभूम</span><span> </span><span>जिले</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>मुसाबनी</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>सिलिकोसिस</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अत्यधिक</span><span> </span><span>मामले</span><span> </span><span>सामने</span><span> </span><span>आये</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>स</span><span>-</span><span>समय</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अभाव</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कितने</span><span> </span><span>लोगों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>असामयिक</span><span> </span><span>मौत</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>चुकी</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>अंतत</span><span>: </span><span>मनवाधिकार</span><span> </span><span>आयोग</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>निर्देशों</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>कुछ</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>प्रारंभ</span><span> </span><span>हुई</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>झरिया</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>स्थिति</span><span> </span><span>भयावह</span><span>: </span><span>संपूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>झरिया</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>भूमिगत</span><span> </span><span>आग</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषण</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>सांस</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>जुड़ी</span><span> </span><span>बीमारियां</span><span> </span><span>फैल</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>उक्त</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>सरकारी</span><span> </span><span>कोयला</span><span> </span><span>कंपनी</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>एकाधिकार</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>जल</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>कोयले</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>शीघ्र</span><span> </span><span>उत्खनन</span><span> </span><span>संभव</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>पा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>देश</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>विभिन्न</span><span> </span><span>अन्य</span><span> </span><span>उद्योगों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>आज</span><span> </span><span>गुणवत्तायुक्त</span><span> </span><span>कोकिंग</span><span> </span><span>कोयले</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>मिल</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>यह</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>विचारणीय</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>वाटर</span><span> </span><span>पोल्यूशन</span><span> </span><span>एक्ट</span><span>,1974, </span><span>एयर</span><span> </span><span>एक्ट</span><span>, 1981, </span><span>एनवायर्नमेंट</span><span> </span><span>एक्ट</span><span>, 1986, </span><span>वाइल्ड</span><span>-</span><span>लाइफ</span><span> </span><span>एक्ट</span><span>,1972 </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>वन</span><span> </span><span>संरक्षण</span><span> </span><span>अधिनियम</span><span> 1980 </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अंतर्गत</span><span> </span><span>पर्यावरण</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>सुरक्षा</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>प्रावधान</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>गये</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उद्योगों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>विशेषकर</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कार्यरत</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span>-</span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>इनका</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>उल्लंघन</span><span> </span><span>किया</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>बिंदुओं</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>ध्यान</span><span> </span><span>देने</span><span> </span><span>या</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>न</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>इच्छा</span><span> </span><span>शक्ति</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>न</span><span> </span><span>उसे</span><span> </span><span>इसकी</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>आवश्यकता</span><span> </span><span>महसूस</span><span> </span><span>होती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>यदा</span><span>-</span><span>कदा</span><span> </span><span>मामले</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>स्थानीय</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>रोक</span><span> </span><span>लगाने</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>कोशिश</span><span> </span><span>करता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>तो</span><span> </span><span>ये</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रम</span><span> </span><span>तत्काल</span><span> </span><span>राष्ट्रीय</span><span> </span><span>हित</span><span>, </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>हित</span><span> </span><span>आदि</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>दुहाई</span><span> </span><span>देने</span><span> </span><span>लगते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span> </span><span>और</span><span> </span><span>भारत</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>उच्च</span><span> </span><span>पदस्थ</span><span> </span><span>लोग</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>दबाव</span><span> </span><span>बनाना</span><span> </span><span>शुरू</span><span> </span><span>कर</span><span> </span><span>देते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कमजोर</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>होने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>ठोस</span><span> </span><span>निर्णय</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>लिया</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>और</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>पर्यावरण</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>क्षति</span><span> </span><span>होती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>बड़ा</span><span> </span><span>मुद्दा</span><span> : </span><span>प्राय</span><span>: </span><span>सभी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्रों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>महत्वपूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>मुद्दा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>स्थानीय</span><span> </span><span>नेता</span><span> </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>अपराधी</span><span> </span><span>प्रत्यक्ष</span><span> </span><span>अथवा</span><span> </span><span>परोक्ष</span><span> </span><span>रूप</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>सीधे</span><span> </span><span>सम्मिलित</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>स्थानीय</span><span> </span><span>पुलिस</span><span> </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>प्रत्यक्ष</span><span> </span><span>रूप</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>समर्थन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>प्रश्रय</span><span> </span><span>दिया</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>पाकुड़</span><span> </span><span>तथा</span><span> </span><span>बोकारो</span><span> </span><span>जिले</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>निजी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>स्थानीय</span><span> </span><span>पुलिस</span><span> </span><span>अथवा</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासनिक</span><span> </span><span>पदाधिकारियों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>नयी</span><span> </span><span>गाड़ियां</span><span> </span><span>अपने</span><span> </span><span>खर्च</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>उपलब्ध</span><span> </span><span>करायी</span><span> </span><span>गयी</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>जो</span><span> </span><span>पुलिस</span><span> </span><span>पदाधिकारी</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>गाड़ियों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>घूम</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>वे</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>लापरवाही</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>क्या</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>करेंगे</span><span>, </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>विचारणीय</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>कुछ</span><span> </span><span>स्थानों</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>पदाधिकारियों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>मासिक</span><span> </span><span>‘</span><span>पैकेट</span><span>’</span><span> </span><span>पहुंचाये</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>बदले</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>अपनी</span><span> </span><span>मनमानी</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>पूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>स्वतंत्रता</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>बढ़</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>अपराध</span><span> : </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>अपराधों</span><span> </span><span>आंकड़ों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>होगा</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>अधिकतर</span><span> </span><span>अपराधों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>महत्वपूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>कड़ी</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>आंकड़ों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>होता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>जिलों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>अपराधों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>संख्या</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>अत्यधिक</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>भूमि</span><span> </span><span>अधिग्रहण</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पश्चात</span><span> </span><span>विस्थापित</span><span> </span><span>परिवारों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पास</span><span> </span><span>रोजगार</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>स्थायी</span><span> </span><span>साधन</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>इन</span><span> </span><span>अपराधों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>रोकने</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियां</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>सहयोग</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>देतीं</span><span>. </span><span>यदि</span><span> </span><span>सभी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियां</span><span> </span><span>अपने</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>परित्यक्त</span><span> </span><span>खदानों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>तरीके</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>बंद</span><span> </span><span>करायें</span><span>, </span><span>तो</span><span> </span><span>समस्या</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>काफी</span><span> </span><span>हद</span><span> </span><span>तक</span><span> </span><span>समाधान</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>सकता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>स्वार्थी</span><span> </span><span>तत्व</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>पूर्णत</span><span>: </span><span>सम्मिलित</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>लोगों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>मौत</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>ठीकरा</span><span> </span><span>जिला</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>पुलिस</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>फोड़ा</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>मूल</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>समाधान</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>होती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>विचारणीय</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>मामले</span><span> </span><span>निजी</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>खदान</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्रों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>बहुत</span><span> </span><span>कम</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>लोक</span><span>-</span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>खदानें</span><span>, </span><span>जिनकी</span><span> </span><span>सुरक्षा</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>स्वतंत्र</span><span> </span><span>रूप</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>सुरक्षाकर्मी</span><span> </span><span>तैनात</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>वहां</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>समस्या</span><span> </span><span>सर्वाधिक</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>लोक</span><span>-</span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>सामाजिक</span><span> </span><span>दायित्व</span><span> (</span><span>सीएसआर</span><span>) </span><span>निर्वहन</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>नाम</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>मात्र</span><span> </span><span>कुछ</span><span> </span><span>प्रशिक्षण</span><span> </span><span>देने</span><span>, </span><span>कुछ</span><span> </span><span>चापाकल</span><span> </span><span>गाड़ने</span><span> </span><span>समेत</span><span> </span><span>कागजी</span><span> </span><span>खानापूरी</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>सामाजिक</span><span> </span><span>दायित्वों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>क्रियान्वयन</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>व्यवस्था</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>होता</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>इसके</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>प्राधिकार</span><span> </span><span>गठित</span><span> </span><span>करती</span><span>, </span><span>जो</span><span> </span><span>सभी</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>सीएसआर</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>नियमित</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>समन्वय</span><span> </span><span>करता</span><span>. </span><span>इसके</span><span> </span><span>अभाव</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रम</span><span> </span><span>मनमानी</span><span> </span><span>करते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>दिये</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>हवाला</span><span> </span><span>दिया</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>होनेवाले</span><span> 2000</span><span>.</span><span>00 </span><span>करोड़</span><span> </span><span>रुपये</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बदले</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>वास्तविक</span><span> </span><span>कितना</span><span> </span><span>व्यय</span><span> </span><span>करना</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>विषय</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>मुंह</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>खोलना</span><span> </span><span>चाह</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>सड़कें</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहीं</span><span> </span><span>बरबाद</span><span> : </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>बनायी</span><span> </span><span>गयी</span><span> </span><span>सड़कें</span><span> </span><span>लगातार</span><span> </span><span>खराब</span><span> </span><span>होती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>यही</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियां</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>खराब</span><span> </span><span>सड़कों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>कोसती</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>कंपनी</span><span> </span><span>स्तर</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>जानेवाले</span><span> </span><span>प्रीसियस</span><span> </span><span>मेटल्स</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>रोकने</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>उनके</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जाती</span><span>. </span><span>हाल</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>रामगढ़</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>बोकारो</span><span> </span><span>जिले</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>सरकारी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>ओवरलोडिंग</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>रोकने</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>दिल्ली</span><span> </span><span>तक</span><span> </span><span>हंगामा</span><span> </span><span>मचाया</span><span> </span><span>गया</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>इन</span><span> </span><span>सड़कों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>अधिकतम</span><span> </span><span>उपयोग</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>लाभ</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>किया</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>तो</span><span> </span><span>क्या</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>सड़कों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>निर्माण</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>मरम्मती</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>जवाबदेह</span><span> </span><span>बनाया</span><span> </span><span>जाये</span><span>. </span><span>आज</span><span> </span><span>नदियों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषणमुक्त</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span>/</span><span>केंद्र</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>हजारों</span><span> </span><span>करोड़</span><span> </span><span>रुपये</span><span> </span><span>खर्च</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>होंगे</span><span>, </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>राशि</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>वसूल</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>दिशा</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कुछ</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>विभिन्न</span><span> </span><span>बीमारियों</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>पीड़ित</span><span> </span><span>जनसंख्या</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>उपचार</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>स्वास्थ्य</span><span> </span><span>सुविधाएं</span><span> </span><span>उपलब्ध</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>होने</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>जिम्मेदार</span><span> </span><span>ठहराया</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>सुविधाओं</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>व्यवस्था</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>अतिरिक्त</span><span> </span><span>भार</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>एचइसी</span><span>, </span><span>सीसीएल</span><span>, </span><span>बीएसएल</span><span> </span><span>अथवा</span><span> </span><span>निजी</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>प्रतिष्ठानों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>विगत</span><span> 10 </span><span>वर्षो</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>तकनीकी</span><span> </span><span>गुणवत्ता</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>सुधार</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>विशेष</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>गये</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>न</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>ऐसे</span><span> </span><span>किसी</span><span> </span><span>संस्थान</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>स्थापना</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>गयी</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>एकरारनामा</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बाद</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>मेडिकल</span><span> </span><span>कॉलेज</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>खोलने</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>दिशा</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>प्रगति</span><span> </span><span>शून्य</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>तकनीकी</span><span> </span><span>संस्थानों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अभाव</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span>-</span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>करनेवाले</span><span> </span><span>अधिकतर</span><span> </span><span>अभियंता</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>पदाधिकारी</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>बाहर</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>आते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>जबकि</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जनता</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>मात्र</span><span> </span><span>मजदूरी</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>अन्य</span><span> </span><span>छोटे</span><span> </span><span>रोजगार</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>उपलब्ध</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>अभी</span><span> </span><span>तक</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उद्योगों</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>दुष्प्रभाव</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>शोध</span><span>/</span><span>अध्ययन</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>विचार</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>किया</span><span> </span><span>गया</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>हाल</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>दिशा</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कुछ</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>शुरू</span><span> </span><span>हुई</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>वास्तविक</span><span> </span><span>रूप</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>उक्त</span><span> </span><span>शोध</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>नतीजे</span><span> </span><span>सामने</span><span> </span><span>आने</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>उन</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कितना</span><span> </span><span>समय</span><span> </span><span>लगेगा</span><span>, </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>किसी</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>पता</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>धौंस</span><span> </span><span>जमाते</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span> </span><span>भारत</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अधिकारी</span><span>: </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बंटवारे</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बाद</span><span> </span><span>कहा</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>था</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span>, </span><span>‘</span><span>बिहार</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>स्रोत</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>बचा</span><span>. </span><span>सभी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>जाने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>बिहार</span><span> </span><span>आर्थिक</span><span> </span><span>बदहाली</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>पहुंच</span><span> </span><span>जायेगा</span><span>.</span><span>’</span><span> </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>ऐसा</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>हुआ</span><span>. </span><span>बिहार</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>मात्र</span><span> </span><span>बालू</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>पत्थर</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>लगभग</span><span> </span><span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>जितना</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>जबकि</span><span> </span><span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>बालू</span><span> </span><span>घाटों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>नीलामी</span><span> </span><span>तक</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>ठोस</span><span> </span><span>निर्णय</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अभाव</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>विवादास्पद</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>चुकी</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>इतने</span><span> </span><span>महत्वपूर्ण</span><span> </span><span>खनिजों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>भंडार</span><span> </span><span>होने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>बावजूद</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> 2500 </span><span>करोड़</span><span> </span><span>रुपये</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>रॉयल्टी</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>हम</span><span> </span><span>संतुष्ट</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>आज</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>भारत</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पदाधिकारी</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>धौंस</span><span> </span><span>दिखा</span><span> </span><span>कर</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>अनियमितताओं</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>होने</span><span> </span><span>देते</span><span>. </span><span>यदि</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उद्योगों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>पर्यावरण</span><span>, </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>आधारभूत</span><span> </span><span>संरचना</span><span>, </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>भूगर्भ</span><span> </span><span>जल</span><span>, </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कृषि</span><span> </span><span>व्यवस्था</span><span>, </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>वन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>बायोडायवरसिटी</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>कुप्रभावों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>मूल्यांकन</span><span> </span><span>किया</span><span> </span><span>जाये</span><span>, </span><span>तो</span><span> </span><span>उसकी</span><span> </span><span>राशि</span><span> </span><span>कई</span><span> </span><span>गुना</span><span> </span><span>अधिक</span><span> </span><span>होगी</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>इसके</span><span> </span><span>अतिरिक्त</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>विधि</span><span>-</span><span>व्यवस्था</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>निबटने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>जो</span><span> </span><span>अतिरिक्त</span><span> </span><span>भार</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>वहां</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लोगों</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>मानसिकता</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>जो</span><span> </span><span>विपरीत</span><span> </span><span>असर</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>विचारणीय</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>अतिरिक्त</span><span> </span><span>आर्थिक</span><span> </span><span>भार</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>अपने</span><span> </span><span>बजट</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>वहन</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>यह</span><span> </span><span>आवश्यक</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> 2500 </span><span>करोड़</span><span> </span><span>रुपये</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>पड़नेवाले</span><span> </span><span>अतिरिक्त</span><span> </span><span>अधिभार</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>कर</span><span> </span><span>इस</span><span> </span><span>विषय</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>विस्तृत</span><span> </span><span>श्वेत</span><span> </span><span>पत्र</span><span> </span><span>जारी</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span>, </span><span>जिसमें</span><span> </span><span>प्रत्येक</span><span> </span><span>प्रक्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>यथा</span><span> </span><span>वन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>पर्यावरण</span><span>, </span><span>कृषि</span><span>, </span><span>पेयजल</span><span>, </span><span>विधि</span><span> </span><span>व्यवस्था</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>विपरीत</span><span> </span><span>असर</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>उस</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>आर्थिक</span><span> </span><span>क्षति</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>आकलन</span><span> </span><span>करते</span><span> </span><span>हुए</span><span> </span><span>उसके</span><span> </span><span>अनुपात</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span> </span><span>प्राप्त</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span> </span><span>अथवा</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span>, </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>हम</span><span> </span><span>सुनिश्चित</span><span> </span><span>करें</span><span>.</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>असली</span><span> </span><span>दुर्गति</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>ध्यान</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> : </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>संबंधित</span><span> </span><span>विभिन्न</span><span> </span><span>कार्यक्रमों</span><span>/</span><span>सेमिनारों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>खनिज</span><span> </span><span>संभावनाओं</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>उल्लेख</span><span> </span><span>प्रमुखता</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>किया</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>भारत</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>कई</span><span> </span><span>बैठकों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>कहा</span><span> </span><span>जाता</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>झारखंड</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>इतने</span><span> </span><span>खनिज</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>तो</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>गरीब</span><span> </span><span>क्यों</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>खनिजों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>चलते</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>कितनी</span><span> </span><span>क्षति</span><span> </span><span>विभिन्न</span><span> </span><span>स्तरों</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>इसकी</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>प्रत्येक</span><span> </span><span>स्थापना</span><span> </span><span>दिवस</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>अपनी</span><span> </span><span>उपलब्धियां</span><span> </span><span>गिनाती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>, </span><span>किंतु</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>अनियमितताओं</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>केंद्रित</span><span> </span><span>कर</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>योजना</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>अभाव</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्रों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>दुर्गति</span><span> </span><span>देखी</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>सकती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>इन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्रों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>जीवनांक</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>नीचे</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>नागरिकों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>सुविधाएं</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>उपलब्ध</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>पा</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>यही</span><span> </span><span>वजह</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>पूर्व</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>विस्थापन</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>दंश</span><span> </span><span>झेल</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>जनता</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>मन</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>असंतोष</span><span> </span><span>पनप</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>यदि</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>उचित</span><span> </span><span>तरीके</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>संजोया</span><span> </span><span>जाये</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>नीतिगत</span><span> </span><span>फैसलों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>माध्यम</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>ठोस</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जाये</span><span>, </span><span>तभी</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>खनिज</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>वरदान</span><span> </span><span>साबित</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>सकती</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>अन्यथा</span><span> </span><span>कुछ</span><span> </span><span>वर्षो</span><span> </span><span>बाद</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>खनिज</span><span> </span><span>संपदा</span><span> </span><span>समाप्त</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>जायेंगी</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>अभिशाप</span><span> </span><span>स्वरूप</span><span> </span><span>राज्य</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>लिए</span><span> </span><span>मात्र</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषण</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>परित्यक्त</span><span> </span><span>खदानें</span><span> </span><span>शेष</span><span> </span><span>रह</span><span> </span><span>जायेंगी</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>नुकसान</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>नुकसान</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>प्राय</span><span>: </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>सुरक्षित</span><span> </span><span>वन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्रों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>फलस्वरूप</span><span> </span><span>वनों</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>साफ</span><span> </span><span>करते</span><span> </span><span>हुए</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>इससे</span><span> </span><span>जंगल</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>कमी</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>जंगली</span><span> </span><span>जानवरों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>नैसर्गिक</span><span> </span><span>रहवास</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>नष्ट</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>अधिकतर</span><span> </span><span>प्रजातियां</span><span> </span><span>धीरे</span><span>-</span><span>धीरे</span><span> </span><span>समाप्त</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>वर्तमान</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>सरकार</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>सारंडा</span><span> </span><span>जैसे</span><span> </span><span>गहन</span><span> </span><span>वन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्रों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>पट्टे</span><span> </span><span>स्वीकृत</span><span> </span><span>किये</span><span> </span><span>गये</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>, </span><span>जिस</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>वहां</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जैव</span><span>-</span><span>विविधता</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>विपरीत</span><span> </span><span>असर</span><span> </span><span>पड़</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>वनों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>क्षतिग्रस्त</span><span> </span><span>होने</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>बड़े</span><span> </span><span>वृक्षों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>सहारे</span><span> </span><span>बढ़नेवाले</span><span> </span><span>पौधे</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>लताएं</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>प्राय</span><span>: </span><span>समाप्त</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रही</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>वनों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>साथ</span><span>-</span><span>साथ</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>कृषि</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>इलाके</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>कम</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>हैं</span><span>. </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>आस</span><span>-</span><span>पास</span><span> </span><span>कृषि</span><span> </span><span>पैदावार</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>विपरीत</span><span> </span><span>असर</span><span> </span><span>पड़ा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>अनेक</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्रों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>पैदावार</span><span> </span><span>घटी</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>क्रॉपिंग</span><span> </span><span>पैटर्न</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>विपरीत</span><span> </span><span>असर</span><span> </span><span>पड़ा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>हाल</span><span> </span><span>ही</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>व्यापक</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कारण</span><span> </span><span>देश</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>सबसे</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषित</span><span> </span><span>शहरों</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>धनबाद</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>रखा</span><span> </span><span>गया</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>वहां</span><span> </span><span>विगत</span><span> 30-40 </span><span>वर्षो</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>कोयला</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>यह</span><span> </span><span>स्पष्ट</span><span> </span><span>परिणाम</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>. </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>क्षेत्र</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span> </span><span>लगे</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span>-</span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>अक्सर</span><span> </span><span>प्रदूषण</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>नियमों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>उल्लंघन</span><span> </span><span>करते</span><span> </span><span>हुए</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>किया</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहा</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>पर्यावरण</span><span> </span><span>मानकों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>उल्लंघन</span><span> </span><span>करनेवाले</span><span> </span><span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रमों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>विरुद्घ</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जाये</span><span>, </span><span>ताकि</span><span> </span><span>कोई</span><span> </span><span>अन्य</span><span> </span><span>ऐसा</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>हिम्मत</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>जुटा</span><span> </span><span>सके</span><span>. </span><span>लोक</span><span> </span><span>उपक्रम</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>सभी</span><span> </span><span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>उद्योगों</span><span> </span><span>द्वारा</span><span> </span><span>पुलिस</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>को</span><span> </span><span>दिये</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>रहे</span><span> </span><span>अवैध</span><span> </span><span>प्रलोभन</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>अतिरिक्त</span><span> </span><span>वाहन</span><span>/</span><span>आवास</span><span> </span><span>विशेष</span><span> </span><span>रूप</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>ध्यान</span><span> </span><span>देकर</span><span> </span><span>हटाये</span><span> </span><span>जायें</span><span>, </span><span>जिससे</span><span> </span><span>कि</span><span> </span><span>प्रशासन</span><span> </span><span>निष्पक्ष</span><span> </span><span>होकर</span><span> </span><span>कार्य</span><span> </span><span>कर</span><span> </span><span>सके</span><span>.</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>खनन</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>पर</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>अतिरिक्त</span><span> </span><span>अधिभार</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>व्यवस्था</span><span> </span><span>भी</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>सकती</span><span> </span><span>है</span><span>.</span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>सीएसआर</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>नियमित</span><span> </span><span>समीक्षा</span><span> </span><span>एवं</span><span> </span><span>समन्वय</span><span> </span><span>हेतु</span><span> </span><span>एक</span><span> </span><span>अलग</span><span> </span><span>प्राधिकार</span><span> </span><span>हो</span><span>, </span><span>जिसके</span><span> </span><span>माध्यम</span><span> </span><span>से</span><span> </span><span>कर्तव्यों</span><span> </span><span>का</span><span> </span><span>निर्वहन</span><span> </span><span>नहीं</span><span> </span><span>करने</span><span> </span><span>वाले</span><span> </span><span>कंपनियों</span><span> </span><span>के</span><span> </span><span>विरुद्घ</span><span> </span><span>सख्त</span><span> </span><span>कार्रवाई</span><span> </span><span>की</span><span> </span><span>जा</span><span> </span><span>सके</span><span>.</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>वर्षवार</span><span> </span><span>राजस्व</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>वर्ष</span><span> </span><span> राजस्व</span><span> (</span><span>करोड़</span><span> </span><span>में</span><span>)</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2003-04 </span><span> </span><span>914</span><span>.</span><span>23</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2004-05 </span><span> </span><span>934</span><span>.</span><span>90</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2005-06 </span><span> </span><span>1011.50</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2006-07 </span><span> </span><span>1013</span><span>.</span><span>08</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2007-08 </span><span> </span><span>1172</span><span>.</span><span>31</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2008-09 </span><span> </span><span>1467</span><span>.</span><span>45</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2009-10 </span><span> </span><span>1730</span><span>.</span><span>30</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span>2010-11 </span><span> </span><span>2135</span><span>.</span><span>47</span>
</p>
<span>2011-12 </span><span> </span><span>2580</span><span>.</span><span>84</span><span></span>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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न्यूज क्लिपिंग्स् | अभिशाप बना खनन-उद्योग- पी जोसेफ
अभिशाप बना खनन-उद्योग- पी जोसेफ
Published on Nov 19, 2013
Modified on Nov 19, 2013
राज्य के बंटवारे के बाद कहा जा रहा था कि बिहार राज्य में राजस्व का कोई स्रोत नहीं बचा . सभी खनन क्षेत्र झारखंड में जाने के कारण बिहार आर्थिक बदहाली में पहुंच जायेगा , पर ऐसा नहीं हुआ . बिहार में मात्र बालू एवं पत्थर से खनन क्षेत्र में लगभग झारखंड राज्य के जितना ही राजस्व आ रहे हैं .
दूसरी तरफ , झारखंड की अर्थव्यवस्था की रीढ़ समझे जानेवाले इस उद्योग को उचित तरीके से नियंत्रित करने एवं दिशा देने के लिए राज्य के पास कोई विशेष नीति नहीं है . स्थानीय पुलिस तथा प्रशासन द्वारा भी अवैध खनन को प्रत्यक्ष रूप से प्रश्रय देने की खबरें आती रहती हैं . पढ़िए , इस मुद्दे पर एक ज्वलंत टिप्पणी .
झारखंड राज्य अपनी प्रचुर खनिज संपदा के लिए जाना जाता है , इस राज्य में यूरेनियम , कोयला , लौह अयस्क , एल्यूमीनियम से लेकर सेल्युरियम , टेलुरियम , डोलोमाइट , कायनाइट जैसे महत्वपूर्ण खनिज पाये जाते हैं . यह राज्य लौह - अयस्क , कॉपर , माइका , कायनाइट , एसबेस्टस के उत्पादन में देश में प्रथम स्थान पर है .
उसी तरह कोयला , बॉक्साइट , थोरियम उत्पादन में देश में इस राज्य का तृतीय स्थान है . खनन आधारित उद्योग भी जमशेदपुर , बोकारो , रांची जैसे शहरों के निकट अधिक संख्या में स्थापित हो रहे हैं .
खनन एक अत्यधिक लाभकारी कार्य है तथा इस उद्योग से काफी रोजगार भी मिलते हैं . हैं . सरकार को भी खनन से अधिक राजस्व की प्राप्ति होती है .
खनन क्षेत्र से प्राप्त राजस्व की समीक्षा करें , तो देखा जा सकता है कि विगत 10 वर्षो में राज्य के खनन राजस्व में लगातार वृद्घि हो रही है .
उपरोक्त विवरणी से स्पष्ट है कि वर्ष 2007-08 के बाद से लगातार राजस्व में अत्यधिक वृद्घि हो रही है . किंतु राज्य कीखनिज संभावनाओं को देखते हुए यह राजस्व अब भी काफी कम है , क्योंकि रॉयल्टी की दरें केंद्र सरकार द्वारा निर्धारित की जाती हैं एवं खनन पट्टे भी केंद्र सरकार के स्तर से ही आवंटित होती है , जिस कारण राज्यों से अधिक राजस्व प्राप्त नहीं हो पा रहा है .
साथ ही विभिन्न खनिजों का अवैध उत्खनन एवं परिवहन भी राजस्व क्षति के लिए महत्वपूर्ण कारण है . विशेषकर प्रीसियस मेटल्स . पायरोक्सिनाइट बेनटोनाइट , कायनाइट , इमेराल्ड जो कई बार अन्य उत्खनन के साथ बाई - प्रोडक्ट के रूप में निकाले जा रहे हैं , उनके उत्खनन का अनुश्रवण एवं खनन उचित तरीके से नहीं होने के कारण राजस्व की व्यापक क्षति हो रही है . कोयला एवं लौह - अयस्कों का अवैध उत्खनन एवं व्यापार की जानकारी सभी को है .
खनन उद्योग को इस राज्य के अर्थव्यवस्था की रीढ़ कहा जा सकता है . किंतु इस खनन उद्योग को उचित तरीके से नियंत्रित करने , अनुश्रवण करने एवं दिशा दर्शाने हेतु राज्य के पास कोई विशेष नीति नहीं है , जिस कारण यह खनन उद्योग राज्य के लिए एक अभिशाप बन कर उभर रहा है .
नियमों की अनदेखी से नुकसान : नियमानुसार खनन करनेवाले प्रतिष्ठानों को जिस स्वरूप में भूमि प्राप्त हुई थी , उसी स्वरूप में भूमि को खनन के पश्चात् वापस करना है . खनन के पूर्व हस्ताक्षरित एकरारनामा में भी इस विषय पर स्पष्ट प्रावधान है . किंतु अधिकतर लोक उपक्रमों द्वारा इस विषय पर कोई ध्यान नहीं दिया जा रहा है .
पूरे धनबाद तथा बोकारो जिलों में परित्यक्त खदानें छोड़ी गयी हैं , जिसमें स्थानीय नागरिक व्यापक तौर पर अवैध खनन करते हैं . पब्लिक सेक्टर के विभिन्न कोलियरी / कोल वाशरी द्वारा दामोदर नदी में सीधे स्लरी को प्रवाहित किये जाने के कारण संपूर्ण नदी प्रदूषित हो रही है .
पूर्वी सिंहभूम के मुसाबनी क्षेत्र में एक सरकारी उपक्रम द्वारा स्वर्णरेखा नदी के ठीक किनारे डंपिंग की जा रही है , जिससे नदी प्रदूषित हो रही है . किसी भी लोक - उपक्रम द्वारा इस प्रदूषण को रोकने हेतु कार्रवाई नहीं की जाती . प्रदूषण नियंत्रण परिषद भी लोक उपक्रम होने के नाते उनकी लापरवाही को नजरअंदाज करते हैं .
किंतु , इस प्रदूषण से राज्य को , तथा नागरिकों को कितनी क्षति हो रही है , इसकी कोई सुधि लेने को तैयार नहीं है . पूर्वी सिंहभूम के जादूगोड़ा क्षेत्र में यूरेनियम के कारण भू - गर्भ जल प्रदूषित हो चुका है . इस क्षेत्र में गर्भवती महिलाओं में गर्भपात के आंकड़े राज्य के औसत से अत्यधिक है . वहां की फसल पर भी विपरीत असर पड़ रहा है .
किंतु यूरेनियम का हवाला देकर तथा देश की सुरक्षा का हवाला देकर इन तथ्यों को नजरअंदाज किया जाता है . इस बिंदु पर किये गये विभिन्न शोध के निष्कर्ष भी दरकिनार किये गये हैं .
पूर्वी सिंहभूम जिले के मुसाबनी क्षेत्र में सिलिकोसिस के अत्यधिक मामले सामने आये हैं . राज्य सरकार द्वारा स - समय कार्रवाई के अभाव में कितने लोगों की असामयिक मौत हो चुकी है . अंतत : मनवाधिकार आयोग के निर्देशों पर कुछ कार्रवाई प्रारंभ हुई है .
झरिया की स्थिति भयावह : संपूर्ण झरिया क्षेत्र के भूमिगत आग के कारण व्यापक प्रदूषण एवं सांस से जुड़ी बीमारियां फैल रही है . किंतु उक्त क्षेत्र में सरकारी कोयला कंपनी के खनन एकाधिकार के कारण जल रहे कोयले का शीघ्र उत्खनन संभव नहीं हो पा रहा है . देश के विभिन्न अन्य उद्योगों को आज गुणवत्तायुक्त कोकिंग कोयले नहीं मिल रहे .
यह भी विचारणीय है कि वाटर पोल्यूशन एक्ट ,1974, एयर एक्ट , 1981, एनवायर्नमेंट एक्ट , 1986, वाइल्ड - लाइफ एक्ट ,1972 तथा वन संरक्षण अधिनियम 1980 के अंतर्गत पर्यावरण की सुरक्षा हेतु व्यापक प्रावधान किये गये हैं . किंतु खनन उद्योगों द्वारा एवं विशेषकर राज्य में कार्यरत लोक - उपक्रमों द्वारा इनका व्यापक उल्लंघन किया जा रहा है .
राज्य सरकार की इन बिंदुओं पर ध्यान देने या कार्रवाई करने की न ही इच्छा शक्ति है , न उसे इसकी कोई आवश्यकता महसूस होती है . यदा - कदा मामले में स्थानीय प्रशासन रोक लगाने की कोशिश करता है , तो ये लोक उपक्रम तत्काल राष्ट्रीय हित , राजस्व हित आदि की दुहाई देने लगते हैं और भारत सरकार के उच्च पदस्थ लोग राज्य प्रशासन पर दबाव बनाना शुरू कर देते हैं .
राज्य में कमजोर सरकार होने के कारण कोई ठोस निर्णय नहीं लिया जाता और राज्य में पर्यावरण को व्यापक क्षति होती है .
अवैध खनन बड़ा मुद्दा : प्राय : सभी खनन क्षेत्रों में अवैध खनन एक महत्वपूर्ण मुद्दा है . अवैध खनन में स्थानीय नेता तथा अपराधी प्रत्यक्ष अथवा परोक्ष रूप से सीधे सम्मिलित हैं . स्थानीय पुलिस तथा प्रशासन द्वारा भी अवैध खनन को प्रत्यक्ष रूप से समर्थन एवं प्रश्रय दिया जाता है . पाकुड़ तथा बोकारो जिले में निजी खनन कंपनियों द्वारा स्थानीय पुलिस अथवा प्रशासनिक पदाधिकारियों को नयी गाड़ियां अपने खर्च पर उपलब्ध करायी गयी हैं .
जो पुलिस पदाधिकारी इन कंपनियों की गाड़ियों में घूम रहे हैं , वे इन कंपनियों की लापरवाही पर क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे , यह विचारणीय है . कुछ स्थानों पर इन कंपनियों द्वारा पदाधिकारियों को मासिक ‘ पैकेट ’ पहुंचाये जा रहे हैं . बदले में इन कंपनियों को अपनी मनमानी करने की पूर्ण स्वतंत्रता प्राप्त है .
खनन क्षेत्र में बढ़ रहे अपराध : खनन क्षेत्र में हो रहे अपराधों आंकड़ों की समीक्षा करने पर स्पष्ट होगा कि अधिकतर अपराधों में अवैध खनन एक महत्वपूर्ण कड़ी है . आंकड़ों की समीक्षा से स्पष्ट होता है कि इन जिलों में अपराधों की संख्या भी अत्यधिक है . खनन के कारण भूमि अधिग्रहण के पश्चात विस्थापित परिवारों के पास रोजगार का कोई स्थायी साधन नहीं है .
इन अपराधों को रोकने हेतु खनन कंपनियां कोई सहयोग नहीं देतीं . यदि सभी खनन कंपनियां अपने क्षेत्र में परित्यक्त खदानों को उचित तरीके से बंद करायें , तो समस्या का काफी हद तक समाधान हो सकता है . किंतु इन कंपनियों के स्वार्थी तत्व भी इस कार्य में पूर्णत : सम्मिलित रहे हैं . अवैध खनन में लोगों की मौत का ठीकरा जिला प्रशासन एवं पुलिस पर फोड़ा जाता है , किंतु मूल कारण के समाधान हेतु कोई कार्रवाई नहीं होती है . यह भी विचारणीय है कि अवैध खनन मामले निजी कंपनियों के खदान क्षेत्रों में बहुत कम हैं .
लोक - उपक्रमों की खदानें , जिनकी सुरक्षा हेतु स्वतंत्र रूप से सुरक्षाकर्मी तैनात हैं , वहां यह समस्या सर्वाधिक है . लोक - उपक्रमों द्वारा सामाजिक दायित्व ( सीएसआर ) निर्वहन के नाम पर मात्र कुछ प्रशिक्षण देने , कुछ चापाकल गाड़ने समेत कागजी खानापूरी की जा रही है . इन सामाजिक दायित्वों को उचित क्रियान्वयन की कोई व्यवस्था नहीं है . उचित होता कि राज्य सरकार इसके लिए एक प्राधिकार गठित करती , जो सभी कंपनियों के सीएसआर की नियमित समीक्षा एवं समन्वय करता . इसके अभाव में भी लोक उपक्रम मनमानी करते हैं .
खनन कंपनियों द्वारा राज्य को दिये जा रहे राजस्व का हवाला दिया जाता है , किंतु प्राप्त होनेवाले 2000 . 00 करोड़ रुपये के बदले राज्य को वास्तविक कितना व्यय करना पड़ रहा है , इस विषय पर कोई मुंह नहीं खोलना चाह रहा .
सड़कें हो रहीं बरबाद : खनन क्षेत्र में बनायी गयी सड़कें लगातार खराब होती है . यही खनन कंपनियां इन खराब सड़कों के लिए राज्य सरकार को कोसती हैं . किंतु कंपनी स्तर से किये जानेवाले प्रीसियस मेटल्स को रोकने हेतु उनके द्वारा कोई कार्रवाई नहीं की जाती . हाल ही में रामगढ़ एवं बोकारो जिले में सरकारी खनन कंपनियों द्वारा की जा रही ओवरलोडिंग को रोकने पर दिल्ली तक हंगामा मचाया गया .
इन सड़कों का अधिकतम उपयोग एवं लाभ इन खनन कंपनियों द्वारा किया जा रहा है . तो क्या यह उचित नहीं की इन कंपनियों को ही इन सड़कों के निर्माण एवं मरम्मती हेतु जवाबदेह बनाया जाये . आज नदियों को प्रदूषणमुक्त करने के लिए राज्य / केंद्र सरकार को हजारों करोड़ रुपये खर्च करने होंगे , किंतु यह राशि इन कंपनियों से वसूल करने की दिशा में कुछ नहीं हो रहा .
विभिन्न बीमारियों से पीड़ित जनसंख्या को उपचार एवं स्वास्थ्य सुविधाएं उपलब्ध नहीं होने पर राज्य सरकार को जिम्मेदार ठहराया जाता है . इन सुविधाओं की व्यवस्था हेतु राज्य पर अतिरिक्त भार पड़ रहा है . एचइसी , सीसीएल , बीएसएल अथवा निजी क्षेत्र के प्रतिष्ठानों द्वारा विगत 10 वर्षो में राज्य में तकनीकी गुणवत्ता में सुधार हेतु कोई विशेष कार्य नहीं किये गये हैं , न ही ऐसे किसी संस्थान की स्थापना की गयी है .
राज्य सरकार से एकरारनामा के बाद भी मेडिकल कॉलेज के खोलने की दिशा में प्रगति शून्य है . तकनीकी संस्थानों के अभाव में लोक - उपक्रमों में कार्य करनेवाले अधिकतर अभियंता एवं पदाधिकारी राज्य से बाहर से आते हैं . जबकि इस राज्य की जनता को मात्र मजदूरी एवं अन्य छोटे रोजगार ही उपलब्ध हो रहे हैं . अभी तक इस राज्य द्वारा खनन उद्योगों से पड़ रहे दुष्प्रभाव के समीक्षा हेतु कोई शोध / अध्ययन हेतु भी विचार नहीं किया गया है .
हाल ही में इस दिशा में कुछ कार्रवाई शुरू हुई है , किंतु वास्तविक रूप से उक्त शोध के नतीजे सामने आने एवं उन पर कार्रवाई करने में कितना समय लगेगा , यह किसी को पता नहीं है .
धौंस जमाते हैं भारत सरकार के अधिकारी : राज्य के बंटवारे के बाद कहा जा रहा था कि , ‘ बिहार राज्य में राजस्व का कोई स्रोत नहीं बचा . सभी खनन क्षेत्र झारखंड में जाने के कारण बिहार आर्थिक बदहाली में पहुंच जायेगा . ’ किंतु ऐसा नहीं हुआ . बिहार में मात्र बालू एवं पत्थर से खनन क्षेत्र में लगभग झारखंड राज्य के जितना ही राजस्व प्राप्त हो रहे हैं . जबकि झारखंड राज्य में बालू घाटों की नीलामी तक उचित एवं ठोस निर्णय के अभाव में विवादास्पद हो चुकी है .
इतने महत्वपूर्ण खनिजों के भंडार होने के बावजूद खनन क्षेत्र से प्राप्त हो रहे 2500 करोड़ रुपये की रॉयल्टी से हम संतुष्ट हैं . आज भी भारत सरकार के पदाधिकारी राज्य के प्रशासन को धौंस दिखा कर लोक उपक्रमों की अनियमितताओं पर कार्रवाई नहीं होने देते . यदि इन खनन उद्योगों के कारण राज्य के पर्यावरण , राज्य के आधारभूत संरचना , राज्य के भूगर्भ जल , राज्य के कृषि व्यवस्था , राज्य के वन एवं बायोडायवरसिटी पर पड़ रहे कुप्रभावों का मूल्यांकन किया जाये , तो उसकी राशि कई गुना अधिक होगी .
इसके अतिरिक्त खनन क्षेत्र में हो रही विधि - व्यवस्था से निबटने के लिए जो अतिरिक्त भार राज्य प्रशासन पर पड़ रहे हैं एवं वहां के लोगों की मानसिकता पर जो विपरीत असर हो रहे हैं , यह भी विचारणीय है . इस अतिरिक्त आर्थिक भार को राज्य सरकार द्वारा अपने बजट से वहन किये जा रहे हैं .
यह आवश्यक है कि इन 2500 करोड़ रुपये के कारण राज्य सरकार को पड़नेवाले अतिरिक्त अधिभार की व्यापक समीक्षा कर इस विषय पर एक विस्तृत श्वेत पत्र जारी हो , जिसमें प्रत्येक प्रक्षेत्र यथा वन एवं पर्यावरण , कृषि , पेयजल , विधि व्यवस्था पर पड़ रहे विपरीत असर एवं उस कारण राज्य सरकार को हो रहे आर्थिक क्षति का स्पष्ट आकलन करते हुए उसके अनुपात में राजस्व प्राप्त हो रहे हैं अथवा नहीं , यह हम सुनिश्चित करें .
असली दुर्गति पर ध्यान ही नहीं : राज्य से संबंधित विभिन्न कार्यक्रमों / सेमिनारों में राज्य के खनिज संभावनाओं का उल्लेख प्रमुखता से किया जाता है . भारत सरकार की कई बैठकों में स्पष्ट कहा जाता है कि झारखंड में इतने खनिज हैं , तो राज्य गरीब क्यों है . किंतु इन खनिजों के चलते राज्य को कितनी क्षति विभिन्न स्तरों पर हो रही है , इसकी समीक्षा नहीं हो रही है .
प्रत्येक स्थापना दिवस पर राज्य सरकार अपनी उपलब्धियां गिनाती है , किंतु खनन क्षेत्र में हो रही अनियमितताओं को केंद्रित कर स्पष्ट कार्य योजना के अभाव में खनन क्षेत्रों में व्यापक दुर्गति देखी जा सकती है . इन क्षेत्रों में जीवनांक भी नीचे जा रहा है एवं नागरिकों को उचित प्रशासन एवं सुविधाएं भी उपलब्ध नहीं हो पा रही है . यही वजह है कि पूर्व से ही विस्थापन का दंश झेल रही जनता के मन में असंतोष पनप रहा है . यदि राज्य के खनन क्षेत्र को उचित तरीके से संजोया जाये एवं नीतिगत फैसलों के माध्यम से ठोस कार्रवाई की जाये , तभी यह खनिज राज्य के लिए वरदान साबित हो सकती हैं . अन्यथा कुछ वर्षो बाद यह खनिज संपदा समाप्त हो जायेंगी एवं अभिशाप स्वरूप राज्य के लिए मात्र प्रदूषण एवं परित्यक्त खदानें शेष रह जायेंगी .
खनन से नुकसान ही नुकसान
प्राय : खनन क्षेत्र सुरक्षित वन क्षेत्रों में हैं . फलस्वरूप वनों को साफ करते हुए खनन कार्य किये जा रहे हैं . इससे जंगल क्षेत्र में कमी हो रही है एवं जंगली जानवरों का नैसर्गिक रहवास भी नष्ट हो रहा है . अधिकतर प्रजातियां धीरे - धीरे समाप्त हो रही हैं . वर्तमान में सरकार द्वारा सारंडा जैसे गहन वन क्षेत्रों में खनन पट्टे स्वीकृत किये गये हैं , जिस कारण वहां की जैव - विविधता पर विपरीत असर पड़ रहा है .
वनों के क्षतिग्रस्त होने के कारण बड़े वृक्षों के सहारे बढ़नेवाले पौधे एवं लताएं भी प्राय : समाप्त हो रही हैं . वनों के साथ - साथ खनन के कारण कृषि के इलाके भी कम हो रहे हैं . खनन क्षेत्र के आस - पास कृषि पैदावार पर भी विपरीत असर पड़ा है . अनेक क्षेत्रों में पैदावार घटी है एवं क्रॉपिंग पैटर्न पर भी विपरीत असर पड़ा है . हाल ही में व्यापक खनन के कारण देश के सबसे प्रदूषित शहरों में धनबाद को रखा गया है . वहां विगत 30-40 वर्षो के कोयला खनन का यह स्पष्ट परिणाम है . खनन क्षेत्र में लगे लोक - उपक्रमों द्वारा अक्सर प्रदूषण के नियमों का उल्लंघन करते हुए खनन कार्य किया जा रहा है .
लोक उपक्रमों पर हो कार्रवाई
पर्यावरण मानकों का उल्लंघन करनेवाले लोक उपक्रमों के विरुद्घ कार्रवाई की जाये , ताकि कोई अन्य ऐसा करने की हिम्मत नहीं जुटा सके . लोक उपक्रम एवं सभी खनन उद्योगों द्वारा पुलिस एवं प्रशासन को दिये जा रहे अवैध प्रलोभन एवं अतिरिक्त वाहन / आवास विशेष रूप से ध्यान देकर हटाये जायें , जिससे कि प्रशासन निष्पक्ष होकर कार्य कर सके .
खनन कंपनियों पर एवं अतिरिक्त अधिभार की व्यवस्था भी की जा सकती है . कंपनियों के सीएसआर की नियमित समीक्षा एवं समन्वय हेतु एक अलग प्राधिकार हो , जिसके माध्यम से कर्तव्यों का निर्वहन नहीं करने वाले कंपनियों के विरुद्घ सख्त कार्रवाई की जा सके .
वर्षवार राजस्व
वर्ष राजस्व ( करोड़ में )
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