Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
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Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
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इस राशि से वे या तो एक गाय खरीदती हैं, ताकि दूध का व्यवसाय कर..." />
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<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">हमारे
देश में एक अद्भुत घटना घट रही है। तीन करोड़ गरीब महिलाओं ने छोटा-मोटा 
कारोबार शुरू करने के लिए थोड़ी-थोड़ी मात्रा में ऋण लिए हैं। </span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
इस राशि से वे या तो एक गाय खरीदती हैं, ताकि दूध का व्यवसाय कर सकें, या 
वे इस राशि का निवेश एक सिलाई मशीन में करती हैं, ताकि कपड़े बेच सकें या 
फिर वे एक किराना दुकान खोल लेती हैं। जो कार्य गैरसरकारी संगठनों द्वारा 
चैरिटी के रूप में प्रारंभ किया गया था, वह अब आत्मनिर्भर व्यवसाय का रूप 
ले चुका है। इस परिवर्तन के लिए जिम्मेदार हैं पेशेवर माइक्रोफाइनेंस 
कंपनियां, जो धीरे-धीरे देहाती साहूकारों को दृश्य से बेदखल करती जा रही 
हैं। कई जिलों में तो माइक्रो-क्रेडिट अब इतना आम हो गया है, जैसे मोबाइल 
फोन या पान की दुकान।</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
लेकिन सफलता ईष्र्या को भी जन्म देती है। माइक्रोफाइनेंस के साथ भी यही 
हुआ। समस्या की शुरुआत अक्टूबर में हुई, जब आंध्रप्रदेश में राजनेताओं ने 
माइक्रोफाइनेंस कंपनियों को &lsquo;लोन शार्क&rsquo; की संज्ञा देते हुए उन्हें किसानों
की आत्महत्याओं के लिए जिम्मेदार ठहराया। ब्याज की दरों को नियंत्रित करने
को कहा गया और महिलाओं से कह दिया गया कि वे ऋण न चुकाएं। माइक्रोफाइनेंस 
कर्मचारियों को कैद किया जाने लगा। </span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
सरकार ने अध्यादेश जारी किया कि अब माइक्रोफाइनेंस कंपनियों को ऋण देने से 
पहले सरकार की अनुमति लेना होगी। इसका मतलब था 1.3 करोड़ छोटे-छोटे ऋणों के
लिए सरकारी मंजूरी, जो कि तकरीबन नामुमकिन था और लाइसेंस राज की याद 
दिलाता था। नतीजा यह रहा कि एक दशक में जिस क्रेडिट कल्चर का धीरे-धीरे 
विकास हुआ था, वह नष्ट हो गई। इसके साथ ही तीन करोड़ लघु उद्यमियों की 
उम्मीदें भी धूमिल होने लगीं।</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
माइक्रोफाइनेंस कंपनियां 24 से 32 फीसदी तक ब्याज लेती हैं। यह दर अधिक लग 
सकती है, लेकिन क्रेडिट कार्ड पर भी हमें 30 फीसदी की दर से ब्याज चुकाना 
पड़ता है, जबकि देहाती साहूकार 60 से 100 फीसदी तक सूद वसूलते हैं। यहां तक
कि नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता मुहम्मद यूनुस ग्रामीण बैंक भी 20 फीसदी की दर 
से ब्याज लेती है। सच्चाई यह है कि ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में साप्ताहिक रूप से
ऋण देना और संकलित करना महंगा काम है। माइक्रोफाइनेंस का यह दुर्भाग्य रहा
कि कुछ खराब छवि के लोग उसमें प्रवेश कर गए और जबरिया वसूली करने लगे। 
किसानों की आत्महत्या भीषण त्रासदी है, लेकिन पेशेवर माइक्रोफाइनेंसरों के 
कारण किसानों को आत्महत्या करने पर मजबूर होना पड़ रहा हो, यह संभव नहीं 
है।</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
माइक्रोफाइनेंस के विरुद्ध अभियान इसलिए चलाया गया, क्योंकि वह सरकारी 
अनुदान योजनाओं को प्रभावित कर रहा था। लेकिन जहां सरकारी योजनाओं में काम 
कराने के लिए गरीब महिलाओं को शहरों के चक्कर लगाने पड़ते थे, वहीं उन्हें 
अधिकारियों को घूस भी खिलानी पड़ती थी। माइक्रोफाइनेंस इस लाइसेंस राज 
प्रणाली से मुक्त है। इस बात से इनकार नहीं कि माइक्रोफाइनेंस को नियंत्रित
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                                                 <h3><b>खेतिहर संकट</b></h3>
                                              
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/empowerment/विस्थापन-2851.html"
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/empowerment/नरेगा-39.html"
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/empowerment/जेंडर-2852.html"
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/empowerment/वनाधिकार-61.html"
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/empowerment/सोशल-ऑडिट-48.html"
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/poverty-and-inequality.html"
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                                                </p>
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/शिक्षा-50.html"
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/what-is-sdg-know-it-all.html"
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                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:10px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/कुपोषण-41.html"
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/भुखमरी-एक-आकलन-40.html"
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                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:10px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मिड-डे-मील-एमडीएमएस-योजना-53.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">मिड डे मील (एमडीएमएस) योजना                                                       </a>
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/कर्ज-आत्महत्या/नीतिगत-पहल-64.html"
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/environment/खबरदार-52.html"
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/environment/खेती-पर-असर-54.html"
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                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:10px;">
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                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:10px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/law-and-justice/मानवाधिकार-56.html"
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                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:10px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/law-and-justice/भ्रष्टाचार-35.html"
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                                                </p>
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/law-and-justice/आपदा-और-राहत-49.html"
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<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">हमारे
देश में एक अद्भुत घटना घट रही है। तीन करोड़ गरीब महिलाओं ने छोटा-मोटा 
कारोबार शुरू करने के लिए थोड़ी-थोड़ी मात्रा में ऋण लिए हैं। </span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
इस राशि से वे या तो एक गाय खरीदती हैं, ताकि दूध का व्यवसाय कर सकें, या 
वे इस राशि का निवेश एक सिलाई मशीन में करती हैं, ताकि कपड़े बेच सकें या 
फिर वे एक किराना दुकान खोल लेती हैं। जो कार्य गैरसरकारी संगठनों द्वारा 
चैरिटी के रूप में प्रारंभ किया गया था, वह अब आत्मनिर्भर व्यवसाय का रूप 
ले चुका है। इस परिवर्तन के लिए जिम्मेदार हैं पेशेवर माइक्रोफाइनेंस 
कंपनियां, जो धीरे-धीरे देहाती साहूकारों को दृश्य से बेदखल करती जा रही 
हैं। कई जिलों में तो माइक्रो-क्रेडिट अब इतना आम हो गया है, जैसे मोबाइल 
फोन या पान की दुकान।</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
लेकिन सफलता ईष्र्या को भी जन्म देती है। माइक्रोफाइनेंस के साथ भी यही 
हुआ। समस्या की शुरुआत अक्टूबर में हुई, जब आंध्रप्रदेश में राजनेताओं ने 
माइक्रोफाइनेंस कंपनियों को &lsquo;लोन शार्क&rsquo; की संज्ञा देते हुए उन्हें किसानों
की आत्महत्याओं के लिए जिम्मेदार ठहराया। ब्याज की दरों को नियंत्रित करने
को कहा गया और महिलाओं से कह दिया गया कि वे ऋण न चुकाएं। माइक्रोफाइनेंस 
कर्मचारियों को कैद किया जाने लगा। </span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
सरकार ने अध्यादेश जारी किया कि अब माइक्रोफाइनेंस कंपनियों को ऋण देने से 
पहले सरकार की अनुमति लेना होगी। इसका मतलब था 1.3 करोड़ छोटे-छोटे ऋणों के
लिए सरकारी मंजूरी, जो कि तकरीबन नामुमकिन था और लाइसेंस राज की याद 
दिलाता था। नतीजा यह रहा कि एक दशक में जिस क्रेडिट कल्चर का धीरे-धीरे 
विकास हुआ था, वह नष्ट हो गई। इसके साथ ही तीन करोड़ लघु उद्यमियों की 
उम्मीदें भी धूमिल होने लगीं।</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
माइक्रोफाइनेंस कंपनियां 24 से 32 फीसदी तक ब्याज लेती हैं। यह दर अधिक लग 
सकती है, लेकिन क्रेडिट कार्ड पर भी हमें 30 फीसदी की दर से ब्याज चुकाना 
पड़ता है, जबकि देहाती साहूकार 60 से 100 फीसदी तक सूद वसूलते हैं। यहां तक
कि नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता मुहम्मद यूनुस ग्रामीण बैंक भी 20 फीसदी की दर 
से ब्याज लेती है। सच्चाई यह है कि ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में साप्ताहिक रूप से
ऋण देना और संकलित करना महंगा काम है। माइक्रोफाइनेंस का यह दुर्भाग्य रहा
कि कुछ खराब छवि के लोग उसमें प्रवेश कर गए और जबरिया वसूली करने लगे। 
किसानों की आत्महत्या भीषण त्रासदी है, लेकिन पेशेवर माइक्रोफाइनेंसरों के 
कारण किसानों को आत्महत्या करने पर मजबूर होना पड़ रहा हो, यह संभव नहीं 
है।</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
माइक्रोफाइनेंस के विरुद्ध अभियान इसलिए चलाया गया, क्योंकि वह सरकारी 
अनुदान योजनाओं को प्रभावित कर रहा था। लेकिन जहां सरकारी योजनाओं में काम 
कराने के लिए गरीब महिलाओं को शहरों के चक्कर लगाने पड़ते थे, वहीं उन्हें 
अधिकारियों को घूस भी खिलानी पड़ती थी। माइक्रोफाइनेंस इस लाइसेंस राज 
प्रणाली से मुक्त है। इस बात से इनकार नहीं कि माइक्रोफाइनेंस को नियंत्रित
किया जाना चाहिए, लेकिन उसके बेहतर तरीके हैं। गरीबों को चैरिटी नहीं, 
अपॉचरूनिटी (अवसर) चाहिए।</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
<strong>लेखक प्रॉक्टर एंड गैंबल के पूर्व सीईओ हैं।</strong></span>
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<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">हमारे
देश में एक अद्भुत घटना घट रही है। तीन करोड़ गरीब महिलाओं ने छोटा-मोटा 
कारोबार शुरू करने के लिए थोड़ी-थोड़ी मात्रा में ऋण लिए हैं। </span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
इस राशि से वे या तो एक गाय खरीदती हैं, ताकि दूध का व्यवसाय कर सकें, या 
वे इस राशि का निवेश एक सिलाई मशीन में करती हैं, ताकि कपड़े बेच सकें या 
फिर वे एक किराना दुकान खोल लेती हैं। जो कार्य गैरसरकारी संगठनों द्वारा 
चैरिटी के रूप में प्रारंभ किया गया था, वह अब आत्मनिर्भर व्यवसाय का रूप 
ले चुका है। इस परिवर्तन के लिए जिम्मेदार हैं पेशेवर माइक्रोफाइनेंस 
कंपनियां, जो धीरे-धीरे देहाती साहूकारों को दृश्य से बेदखल करती जा रही 
हैं। कई जिलों में तो माइक्रो-क्रेडिट अब इतना आम हो गया है, जैसे मोबाइल 
फोन या पान की दुकान।</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
लेकिन सफलता ईष्र्या को भी जन्म देती है। माइक्रोफाइनेंस के साथ भी यही 
हुआ। समस्या की शुरुआत अक्टूबर में हुई, जब आंध्रप्रदेश में राजनेताओं ने 
माइक्रोफाइनेंस कंपनियों को &lsquo;लोन शार्क&rsquo; की संज्ञा देते हुए उन्हें किसानों
की आत्महत्याओं के लिए जिम्मेदार ठहराया। ब्याज की दरों को नियंत्रित करने
को कहा गया और महिलाओं से कह दिया गया कि वे ऋण न चुकाएं। माइक्रोफाइनेंस 
कर्मचारियों को कैद किया जाने लगा। </span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
सरकार ने अध्यादेश जारी किया कि अब माइक्रोफाइनेंस कंपनियों को ऋण देने से 
पहले सरकार की अनुमति लेना होगी। इसका मतलब था 1.3 करोड़ छोटे-छोटे ऋणों के
लिए सरकारी मंजूरी, जो कि तकरीबन नामुमकिन था और लाइसेंस राज की याद 
दिलाता था। नतीजा यह रहा कि एक दशक में जिस क्रेडिट कल्चर का धीरे-धीरे 
विकास हुआ था, वह नष्ट हो गई। इसके साथ ही तीन करोड़ लघु उद्यमियों की 
उम्मीदें भी धूमिल होने लगीं।</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
माइक्रोफाइनेंस कंपनियां 24 से 32 फीसदी तक ब्याज लेती हैं। यह दर अधिक लग 
सकती है, लेकिन क्रेडिट कार्ड पर भी हमें 30 फीसदी की दर से ब्याज चुकाना 
पड़ता है, जबकि देहाती साहूकार 60 से 100 फीसदी तक सूद वसूलते हैं। यहां तक
कि नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता मुहम्मद यूनुस ग्रामीण बैंक भी 20 फीसदी की दर 
से ब्याज लेती है। सच्चाई यह है कि ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में साप्ताहिक रूप से
ऋण देना और संकलित करना महंगा काम है। माइक्रोफाइनेंस का यह दुर्भाग्य रहा
कि कुछ खराब छवि के लोग उसमें प्रवेश कर गए और जबरिया वसूली करने लगे। 
किसानों की आत्महत्या भीषण त्रासदी है, लेकिन पेशेवर माइक्रोफाइनेंसरों के 
कारण किसानों को आत्महत्या करने पर मजबूर होना पड़ रहा हो, यह संभव नहीं 
है।</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
माइक्रोफाइनेंस के विरुद्ध अभियान इसलिए चलाया गया, क्योंकि वह सरकारी 
अनुदान योजनाओं को प्रभावित कर रहा था। लेकिन जहां सरकारी योजनाओं में काम 
कराने के लिए गरीब महिलाओं को शहरों के चक्कर लगाने पड़ते थे, वहीं उन्हें 
अधिकारियों को घूस भी खिलानी पड़ती थी। माइक्रोफाइनेंस इस लाइसेंस राज 
प्रणाली से मुक्त है। इस बात से इनकार नहीं कि माइक्रोफाइनेंस को नियंत्रित
किया जाना चाहिए, लेकिन उसके बेहतर तरीके हैं। गरीबों को चैरिटी नहीं, 
अपॉचरूनिटी (अवसर) चाहिए।</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
</span><br />
<span class="introTxt" style="text-align: justify">
<strong>लेखक प्रॉक्टर एंड गैंबल के पूर्व सीईओ हैं।</strong></span>
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    <br><a href="http://www.bhaskar.com/article/ABH-small-loan-crisis-big-shadow-1641720.html" class="re" target="_blank">http://www.bhaskar.com/article/ABH-small-loan-crisis-big-shadow-1641720.html</a><div class="clear"></div>
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छोटे कर्ज पर संकट का बड़ा साया : गुरचरन दास

Published on Dec 21, 2010   Modified on Dec 21, 2010

हमारे देश में एक अद्भुत घटना घट रही है। तीन करोड़ गरीब महिलाओं ने छोटा-मोटा कारोबार शुरू करने के लिए थोड़ी-थोड़ी मात्रा में ऋण लिए हैं। इस राशि से वे या तो एक गाय खरीदती हैं, ताकि दूध का व्यवसाय कर सकें, या वे इस राशि का निवेश एक सिलाई मशीन में करती हैं, ताकि कपड़े बेच सकें या फिर वे एक किराना दुकान खोल लेती हैं। जो कार्य गैरसरकारी संगठनों द्वारा चैरिटी के रूप में प्रारंभ किया गया था, वह अब आत्मनिर्भर व्यवसाय का रूप ले चुका है। इस परिवर्तन के लिए जिम्मेदार हैं पेशेवर माइक्रोफाइनेंस कंपनियां, जो धीरे-धीरे देहाती साहूकारों को दृश्य से बेदखल करती जा रही हैं। कई जिलों में तो माइक्रो-क्रेडिट अब इतना आम हो गया है, जैसे मोबाइल फोन या पान की दुकान। लेकिन सफलता ईष्र्या को भी जन्म देती है। माइक्रोफाइनेंस के साथ भी यही हुआ। समस्या की शुरुआत अक्टूबर में हुई, जब आंध्रप्रदेश में राजनेताओं ने माइक्रोफाइनेंस कंपनियों को ‘लोन शार्क’ की संज्ञा देते हुए उन्हें किसानों की आत्महत्याओं के लिए जिम्मेदार ठहराया। ब्याज की दरों को नियंत्रित करने को कहा गया और महिलाओं से कह दिया गया कि वे ऋण न चुकाएं। माइक्रोफाइनेंस कर्मचारियों को कैद किया जाने लगा। सरकार ने अध्यादेश जारी किया कि अब माइक्रोफाइनेंस कंपनियों को ऋण देने से पहले सरकार की अनुमति लेना होगी। इसका मतलब था 1.3 करोड़ छोटे-छोटे ऋणों के लिए सरकारी मंजूरी, जो कि तकरीबन नामुमकिन था और लाइसेंस राज की याद दिलाता था। नतीजा यह रहा कि एक दशक में जिस क्रेडिट कल्चर का धीरे-धीरे विकास हुआ था, वह नष्ट हो गई। इसके साथ ही तीन करोड़ लघु उद्यमियों की उम्मीदें भी धूमिल होने लगीं। माइक्रोफाइनेंस कंपनियां 24 से 32 फीसदी तक ब्याज लेती हैं। यह दर अधिक लग सकती है, लेकिन क्रेडिट कार्ड पर भी हमें 30 फीसदी की दर से ब्याज चुकाना पड़ता है, जबकि देहाती साहूकार 60 से 100 फीसदी तक सूद वसूलते हैं। यहां तक कि नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता मुहम्मद यूनुस ग्रामीण बैंक भी 20 फीसदी की दर से ब्याज लेती है। सच्चाई यह है कि ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में साप्ताहिक रूप से ऋण देना और संकलित करना महंगा काम है। माइक्रोफाइनेंस का यह दुर्भाग्य रहा कि कुछ खराब छवि के लोग उसमें प्रवेश कर गए और जबरिया वसूली करने लगे। किसानों की आत्महत्या भीषण त्रासदी है, लेकिन पेशेवर माइक्रोफाइनेंसरों के कारण किसानों को आत्महत्या करने पर मजबूर होना पड़ रहा हो, यह संभव नहीं है। माइक्रोफाइनेंस के विरुद्ध अभियान इसलिए चलाया गया, क्योंकि वह सरकारी अनुदान योजनाओं को प्रभावित कर रहा था। लेकिन जहां सरकारी योजनाओं में काम कराने के लिए गरीब महिलाओं को शहरों के चक्कर लगाने पड़ते थे, वहीं उन्हें अधिकारियों को घूस भी खिलानी पड़ती थी। माइक्रोफाइनेंस इस लाइसेंस राज प्रणाली से मुक्त है। इस बात से इनकार नहीं कि माइक्रोफाइनेंस को नियंत्रित किया जाना चाहिए, लेकिन उसके बेहतर तरीके हैं। गरीबों को चैरिटी नहीं, अपॉचरूनिटी (अवसर) चाहिए। लेखक प्रॉक्टर एंड गैंबल के पूर्व सीईओ हैं।

http://www.bhaskar.com/article/ABH-small-loan-crisis-big-shadow-1641720.html

Tagged with: माइक्रो क्रेडिट लघु ऋण माइक्रो क्रेडिट लघु ऋण

 

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