Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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                            <div align="justify">-Scidev.net</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><p><em>* Black carbon and ozone in the atmosphere may cause India's wheat and rice crops to decline</em></p><p><em>* Black carbon interferes with radiation reaching the earth while ozone is toxic to plants</em></p><p><em>* Crop yield decline from pollutants may not be as large as projected by model<br /></em></p><div><em> </em><br /></div><p align="justify"><em>THIRUVANANTHAPURAM:</em> Atmospheric pollutants may impact India's major crops like wheat and rice more than temperature rise, says a new study based on a &lsquo;regression model' that predicts future events with information on past or present events.  </p><p align="justify">The study by Jennifer Burney and V. Ramanathan, scientists at the University of California, project that a one degree centigrade rise in temperature could lead to a crop decline of four per cent for wheat and five per cent for rice. But losses from pollution could be greater.</p><p align="justify">&quot;For context, the yield loss for wheat attributable to pollutants alone in 2010 corresponds to over 24 million tons of wheat: around four times India's wheat imports before the 2007-2008 food price crisis and a value greater than $5 billion,&quot; the authors write in a paper on the study published November in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.</p><p align="justify">Most pollutants impact temperature by absorbing incoming radiation from the sun and reflected heat from the earth. Black carbon aerosols and ozone are of special concern as they affect crops directly - black carbon changes the amount of radiation reaching the surface while ozone is toxic to plants.</p><p align="justify">In 2010, wheat yields were 36 per cent lower and the models show that 90 per cent of that change was due to the pollutants. The impact was most drastic in the state of Uttaranchal and Uttar Pradesh. Wheat yields in Uttar Pradesh were 50 per cent lower than they would have been without the current climate and pollutant trends with two-thirds of the decrease attributable to pollutant levels.</p><p align="justify">In the case of rice, 15 per cent of yield decrease in the Gangetic plains could be attributed to pollutants. The Gangetic plains seem to accumulate surface level ozone and aerosols before the monsoons. </p><p align="justify">&quot;Previous studies have shown that wheat is more sensitive to ozone than rice,&quot; Burney tells SciDev.Net. &quot;Also, the dry season has more pollutants.&quot;</p><p align="justify">&quot;I am pretty sure, based on other evidence, that yield declines due to pollution and warming are real, but I think that they are unlikely to be as large as the headline results in this paper,&quot; says E Somanathan, professor at the Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi. &quot;Whether we believe the estimates of yield losses depends on whether we believe the regression model. Here, I am sceptical.&quot;</p><p align="justify">The authors acknowledge limitations in the study, but insist that ozone and black carbon have had &quot;significant impact on crop yields in India in recent decades&quot;.   </p>                                                           
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    <br><a href="http://www.scidev.net/south-asia/agriculture/news/air-pollution-hits-crops-more-than-climate-change.html" class="re" target="_blank">Scidev.net, 26 January, 2015, http://www.scidev.net/south-asia/agriculture/news/air-pollution-hits-crops-more-than-climate-change.html</a><div class="clear"></div>
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Air pollution hits crops more than climate change -Sandhya Sekar</h1>
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                            <div align="justify">-Scidev.net</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><p><em>* Black carbon and ozone in the atmosphere may cause India's wheat and rice crops to decline</em></p><p><em>* Black carbon interferes with radiation reaching the earth while ozone is toxic to plants</em></p><p><em>* Crop yield decline from pollutants may not be as large as projected by model<br /></em></p><div><em> </em><br /></div><p align="justify"><em>THIRUVANANTHAPURAM:</em> Atmospheric pollutants may impact India's major crops like wheat and rice more than temperature rise, says a new study based on a &lsquo;regression model' that predicts future events with information on past or present events.  </p><p align="justify">The study by Jennifer Burney and V. Ramanathan, scientists at the University of California, project that a one degree centigrade rise in temperature could lead to a crop decline of four per cent for wheat and five per cent for rice. But losses from pollution could be greater.</p><p align="justify">&quot;For context, the yield loss for wheat attributable to pollutants alone in 2010 corresponds to over 24 million tons of wheat: around four times India's wheat imports before the 2007-2008 food price crisis and a value greater than $5 billion,&quot; the authors write in a paper on the study published November in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.</p><p align="justify">Most pollutants impact temperature by absorbing incoming radiation from the sun and reflected heat from the earth. Black carbon aerosols and ozone are of special concern as they affect crops directly - black carbon changes the amount of radiation reaching the surface while ozone is toxic to plants.</p><p align="justify">In 2010, wheat yields were 36 per cent lower and the models show that 90 per cent of that change was due to the pollutants. The impact was most drastic in the state of Uttaranchal and Uttar Pradesh. Wheat yields in Uttar Pradesh were 50 per cent lower than they would have been without the current climate and pollutant trends with two-thirds of the decrease attributable to pollutant levels.</p><p align="justify">In the case of rice, 15 per cent of yield decrease in the Gangetic plains could be attributed to pollutants. The Gangetic plains seem to accumulate surface level ozone and aerosols before the monsoons. </p><p align="justify">&quot;Previous studies have shown that wheat is more sensitive to ozone than rice,&quot; Burney tells SciDev.Net. &quot;Also, the dry season has more pollutants.&quot;</p><p align="justify">&quot;I am pretty sure, based on other evidence, that yield declines due to pollution and warming are real, but I think that they are unlikely to be as large as the headline results in this paper,&quot; says E Somanathan, professor at the Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi. &quot;Whether we believe the estimates of yield losses depends on whether we believe the regression model. Here, I am sceptical.&quot;</p><p align="justify">The authors acknowledge limitations in the study, but insist that ozone and black carbon have had &quot;significant impact on crop yields in India in recent decades&quot;.   </p>                                                           
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    <br><a href="http://www.scidev.net/south-asia/agriculture/news/air-pollution-hits-crops-more-than-climate-change.html" class="re" target="_blank">Scidev.net, 26 January, 2015, http://www.scidev.net/south-asia/agriculture/news/air-pollution-hits-crops-more-than-climate-change.html</a><div class="clear"></div>
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* Black carbon and ozone in the atmosphere may cause India's wheat and rice crops to decline


* Black carbon interferes with radiation reaching the earth while ozone is toxic to plants


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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Air pollution hits crops more than climate change -Sandhya Sekar</h1>
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                            <div align="justify">-Scidev.net</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><p><em>* Black carbon and ozone in the atmosphere may cause India's wheat and rice crops to decline</em></p><p><em>* Black carbon interferes with radiation reaching the earth while ozone is toxic to plants</em></p><p><em>* Crop yield decline from pollutants may not be as large as projected by model<br /></em></p><div><em> </em><br /></div><p align="justify"><em>THIRUVANANTHAPURAM:</em> Atmospheric pollutants may impact India's major crops like wheat and rice more than temperature rise, says a new study based on a &lsquo;regression model' that predicts future events with information on past or present events.  </p><p align="justify">The study by Jennifer Burney and V. Ramanathan, scientists at the University of California, project that a one degree centigrade rise in temperature could lead to a crop decline of four per cent for wheat and five per cent for rice. But losses from pollution could be greater.</p><p align="justify">&quot;For context, the yield loss for wheat attributable to pollutants alone in 2010 corresponds to over 24 million tons of wheat: around four times India's wheat imports before the 2007-2008 food price crisis and a value greater than $5 billion,&quot; the authors write in a paper on the study published November in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.</p><p align="justify">Most pollutants impact temperature by absorbing incoming radiation from the sun and reflected heat from the earth. Black carbon aerosols and ozone are of special concern as they affect crops directly - black carbon changes the amount of radiation reaching the surface while ozone is toxic to plants.</p><p align="justify">In 2010, wheat yields were 36 per cent lower and the models show that 90 per cent of that change was due to the pollutants. The impact was most drastic in the state of Uttaranchal and Uttar Pradesh. Wheat yields in Uttar Pradesh were 50 per cent lower than they would have been without the current climate and pollutant trends with two-thirds of the decrease attributable to pollutant levels.</p><p align="justify">In the case of rice, 15 per cent of yield decrease in the Gangetic plains could be attributed to pollutants. The Gangetic plains seem to accumulate surface level ozone and aerosols before the monsoons. </p><p align="justify">&quot;Previous studies have shown that wheat is more sensitive to ozone than rice,&quot; Burney tells SciDev.Net. &quot;Also, the dry season has more pollutants.&quot;</p><p align="justify">&quot;I am pretty sure, based on other evidence, that yield declines due to pollution and warming are real, but I think that they are unlikely to be as large as the headline results in this paper,&quot; says E Somanathan, professor at the Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi. &quot;Whether we believe the estimates of yield losses depends on whether we believe the regression model. Here, I am sceptical.&quot;</p><p align="justify">The authors acknowledge limitations in the study, but insist that ozone and black carbon have had &quot;significant impact on crop yields in India in recent decades&quot;.   </p>                                                           
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    <br><a href="http://www.scidev.net/south-asia/agriculture/news/air-pollution-hits-crops-more-than-climate-change.html" class="re" target="_blank">Scidev.net, 26 January, 2015, http://www.scidev.net/south-asia/agriculture/news/air-pollution-hits-crops-more-than-climate-change.html</a><div class="clear"></div>
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Air pollution hits crops more than climate change -Sandhya Sekar

Published on Jan 28, 2015   Modified on Jan 28, 2015

-Scidev.net   * Black carbon and ozone in the atmosphere may cause India's wheat and rice crops to decline * Black carbon interferes with radiation reaching the earth while ozone is toxic to plants * Crop yield decline from pollutants may not be as large as projected by model THIRUVANANTHAPURAM: Atmospheric pollutants may impact India's major crops like wheat and rice more than temperature rise, says a new study based on a ‘regression model' that predicts future events with information on past or present events. The study by Jennifer Burney and V. Ramanathan, scientists at the University of California, project that a one degree centigrade rise in temperature could lead to a crop decline of four per cent for wheat and five per cent for rice. But losses from pollution could be greater. "For context, the yield loss for wheat attributable to pollutants alone in 2010 corresponds to over 24 million tons of wheat: around four times India's wheat imports before the 2007-2008 food price crisis and a value greater than $5 billion," the authors write in a paper on the study published November in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Most pollutants impact temperature by absorbing incoming radiation from the sun and reflected heat from the earth. Black carbon aerosols and ozone are of special concern as they affect crops directly - black carbon changes the amount of radiation reaching the surface while ozone is toxic to plants. In 2010, wheat yields were 36 per cent lower and the models show that 90 per cent of that change was due to the pollutants. The impact was most drastic in the state of Uttaranchal and Uttar Pradesh. Wheat yields in Uttar Pradesh were 50 per cent lower than they would have been without the current climate and pollutant trends with two-thirds of the decrease attributable to pollutant levels. In the case of rice, 15 per cent of yield decrease in the Gangetic plains could be attributed to pollutants. The Gangetic plains seem to accumulate surface level ozone and aerosols before the monsoons. "Previous studies have shown that wheat is more sensitive to ozone than rice," Burney tells SciDev.Net. "Also, the dry season has more pollutants." "I am pretty sure, based on other evidence, that yield declines due to pollution and warming are real, but I think that they are unlikely to be as large as the headline results in this paper," says E Somanathan, professor at the Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi. "Whether we believe the estimates of yield losses depends on whether we believe the regression model. Here, I am sceptical." The authors acknowledge limitations in the study, but insist that ozone and black carbon have had "significant impact on crop yields in India in recent decades".

Scidev.net, 26 January, 2015, http://www.scidev.net/south-asia/agriculture/news/air-pollution-hits-crops-more-than-climate-change.html

Tagged with: Agriculture Productivity Yield farming Air Pollution Environment climate change

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