Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
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Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

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The Mandal Commission and Sachar Committee reports, among others, have indicated the existence of caste inequalities within the four major caste groups. However, data on this subject remain limited. Using data from a novel 2014-2015 survey conducted in Uttar Pradesh,..."/>
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Caste inequalities within socio-religious groups: Evidence from Uttar Pradesh -Srinivas Goli  and Chhavi Tiwari</h1>
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		 Published on</span><span class="text-date"> Apr 20, 2022</span>
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                            <p style="text-align:justify">-IdeasForIndia.in</p><p style="text-align:justify">The Mandal Commission and Sachar Committee reports, among others, have indicated the existence of caste inequalities within the four major caste groups. However, data on this subject remain limited. Using data from a novel 2014-2015 survey conducted in Uttar Pradesh, this article shows that within-group inequalities among upper castes are significantly less, relative to the within-group inequalities observed among both Hindu and Muslim OBCs and Dalits.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Broadly, four social groups &ndash; Hindu upper castes, Other Backward Classes (OBCs), Scheduled Castes (SCs) or Dalits, Scheduled Tribes (STs) &ndash; are used for administrative and governance purposes by the government under Articles 341 and 342 of the Constitution of India (Government of India 1956, Lamba and Subramanian 2020). In 1950, the Constitution granted reservations in employment and education for SCs and STs to overcome caste barriers in socioeconomic status. These reservations were extended to OBCs in the 1990s after the recommendations of the Mandal Commission (Fontaine and Yamada 2014). However, till date, no reservations have been awarded to minority religious groups, like Muslims. While the origins of the caste system come from the Varna system1 described in Vedic literature &ndash; foundational texts of the Hindu religion &ndash; over time, this social evil has also been assimilated or has diffused into other religions (Ahmad 1967). A significant number of lower-caste Hindus converted to Islam and Christianity to escape the caste rigidity of Hindu society (Ahmad 1967, Trofimov 2007). The Sachar Committee Report on the Social, Economic, and Educational Status of the Muslim Community of India in November 2006 was an important landmark in this regard (Sachar et al. 2006). The report provided comprehensive evidence on Muslim backwardness in several indicators using data from the 2001 Census of India and other official statistics from central and state government reports. Recent studies have identified and documented empirical evidence on castebased untouchability in Muslims and occupational segregation across six socio-religious groups2 (Kumar et al. 2020, Trivedi et al. 2016a, Trivedi et al. 2016b).</p><p style="text-align:justify">Even within the four major caste groups (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras) of Hindu society, there has been a growing demand for reservation by various politically and economically dominant castes across India (for example, Marathas in Maharashtra, Patidars in Gujarat, Jats in north India, Kapus in Andhra Pradesh) and this has become a burning issue for the political classes of the country (Deshpande and Ramachandran 2017). However, there is limited evidence to resolve the demand for economic classbased quotas for dominant OBCs and upper castes. The absence of a caste census and the lack of unitlevel data on multidimensional developmental indicators such as education, employment, income, wealth, and household amenities at different subcaste levels, act as a barrier to rationalise these influential castes&rsquo; growing demand for quotas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In a recent study (Tiwari et al. 2022), we provide empirical evidence for assessing the multidimensional relative deprivation of different subcastes in terms of poverty, wealth, and financial inclusion in the Uttar Pradesh &ndash; the largest populated state of India, where castebased discrimination and dominance are deeprooted (Kumar et al. 2020, Trivedi et al. 2016a, 2016b). Our study contributes to the emerging literature (Anderson et al. 2015) on resurgent identity politics and mounting disquiets of social and economic development of marginalised communities within the broad socio-religious groups in India.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/social-identity/caste-inequalities-within-socio-religious-groups-evidence-from-uttar-pradesh.html?fbclid=IwAR1UMV6XL1m7jqvuS_r5tmJhb7PAd6RZeE37qYzBylWb58zpqX05x0cZAVw" title="https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/social-identity/caste-inequalities-within-socio-religious-groups-evidence-from-uttar-pradesh.html?fbclid=IwAR1UMV6XL1m7jqvuS_r5tmJhb7PAd6RZeE37qYzBylWb58zpqX05x0cZAVw">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>                                                           
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    <br><a href="https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/social-identity/caste-inequalities-within-socio-religious-groups-evidence-from-uttar-pradesh.html?fbclid=IwAR1UMV6XL1m7jqvuS_r5tmJhb7PAd6RZeE37qYzBylWb58zpqX05x0cZAVw" class="re" target="_blank">IdeasForIndia.in, 20 April, 2022, https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/social-identity/caste-inequalities-within-socio-religious-groups-evidence-from-uttar-pradesh.html?fbclid=IwAR1UMV6XL1m7jqvuS_r5tmJhb7PAd6RZeE37qYzBylWb58zpqX05x0cZAVw</a><div class="clear"></div>
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Caste inequalities within socio-religious groups: Evidence from Uttar Pradesh -Srinivas Goli  and Chhavi Tiwari</h1>
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                            <p style="text-align:justify">-IdeasForIndia.in</p><p style="text-align:justify">The Mandal Commission and Sachar Committee reports, among others, have indicated the existence of caste inequalities within the four major caste groups. However, data on this subject remain limited. Using data from a novel 2014-2015 survey conducted in Uttar Pradesh, this article shows that within-group inequalities among upper castes are significantly less, relative to the within-group inequalities observed among both Hindu and Muslim OBCs and Dalits.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Broadly, four social groups &ndash; Hindu upper castes, Other Backward Classes (OBCs), Scheduled Castes (SCs) or Dalits, Scheduled Tribes (STs) &ndash; are used for administrative and governance purposes by the government under Articles 341 and 342 of the Constitution of India (Government of India 1956, Lamba and Subramanian 2020). In 1950, the Constitution granted reservations in employment and education for SCs and STs to overcome caste barriers in socioeconomic status. These reservations were extended to OBCs in the 1990s after the recommendations of the Mandal Commission (Fontaine and Yamada 2014). However, till date, no reservations have been awarded to minority religious groups, like Muslims. While the origins of the caste system come from the Varna system1 described in Vedic literature &ndash; foundational texts of the Hindu religion &ndash; over time, this social evil has also been assimilated or has diffused into other religions (Ahmad 1967). A significant number of lower-caste Hindus converted to Islam and Christianity to escape the caste rigidity of Hindu society (Ahmad 1967, Trofimov 2007). The Sachar Committee Report on the Social, Economic, and Educational Status of the Muslim Community of India in November 2006 was an important landmark in this regard (Sachar et al. 2006). The report provided comprehensive evidence on Muslim backwardness in several indicators using data from the 2001 Census of India and other official statistics from central and state government reports. Recent studies have identified and documented empirical evidence on castebased untouchability in Muslims and occupational segregation across six socio-religious groups2 (Kumar et al. 2020, Trivedi et al. 2016a, Trivedi et al. 2016b).</p><p style="text-align:justify">Even within the four major caste groups (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras) of Hindu society, there has been a growing demand for reservation by various politically and economically dominant castes across India (for example, Marathas in Maharashtra, Patidars in Gujarat, Jats in north India, Kapus in Andhra Pradesh) and this has become a burning issue for the political classes of the country (Deshpande and Ramachandran 2017). However, there is limited evidence to resolve the demand for economic classbased quotas for dominant OBCs and upper castes. The absence of a caste census and the lack of unitlevel data on multidimensional developmental indicators such as education, employment, income, wealth, and household amenities at different subcaste levels, act as a barrier to rationalise these influential castes&rsquo; growing demand for quotas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In a recent study (Tiwari et al. 2022), we provide empirical evidence for assessing the multidimensional relative deprivation of different subcastes in terms of poverty, wealth, and financial inclusion in the Uttar Pradesh &ndash; the largest populated state of India, where castebased discrimination and dominance are deeprooted (Kumar et al. 2020, Trivedi et al. 2016a, 2016b). Our study contributes to the emerging literature (Anderson et al. 2015) on resurgent identity politics and mounting disquiets of social and economic development of marginalised communities within the broad socio-religious groups in India.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/social-identity/caste-inequalities-within-socio-religious-groups-evidence-from-uttar-pradesh.html?fbclid=IwAR1UMV6XL1m7jqvuS_r5tmJhb7PAd6RZeE37qYzBylWb58zpqX05x0cZAVw" title="https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/social-identity/caste-inequalities-within-socio-religious-groups-evidence-from-uttar-pradesh.html?fbclid=IwAR1UMV6XL1m7jqvuS_r5tmJhb7PAd6RZeE37qYzBylWb58zpqX05x0cZAVw">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>                                                           
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Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitStatusLine() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148
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Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181]
Code Context
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        LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Caste inequalities within socio-religious groups: Evidence from Uttar Pradesh -Srinivas Goli  and Chhavi Tiwari    </title>
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The Mandal Commission and Sachar Committee reports, among others, have indicated the existence of caste inequalities within the four major caste groups. However, data on this subject remain limited. Using data from a novel 2014-2015 survey conducted in Uttar Pradesh,..."/>
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Caste inequalities within socio-religious groups: Evidence from Uttar Pradesh -Srinivas Goli  and Chhavi Tiwari</h1>
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		 Published on</span><span class="text-date"> Apr 20, 2022</span>
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                            <p style="text-align:justify">-IdeasForIndia.in</p><p style="text-align:justify">The Mandal Commission and Sachar Committee reports, among others, have indicated the existence of caste inequalities within the four major caste groups. However, data on this subject remain limited. Using data from a novel 2014-2015 survey conducted in Uttar Pradesh, this article shows that within-group inequalities among upper castes are significantly less, relative to the within-group inequalities observed among both Hindu and Muslim OBCs and Dalits.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Broadly, four social groups &ndash; Hindu upper castes, Other Backward Classes (OBCs), Scheduled Castes (SCs) or Dalits, Scheduled Tribes (STs) &ndash; are used for administrative and governance purposes by the government under Articles 341 and 342 of the Constitution of India (Government of India 1956, Lamba and Subramanian 2020). In 1950, the Constitution granted reservations in employment and education for SCs and STs to overcome caste barriers in socioeconomic status. These reservations were extended to OBCs in the 1990s after the recommendations of the Mandal Commission (Fontaine and Yamada 2014). However, till date, no reservations have been awarded to minority religious groups, like Muslims. While the origins of the caste system come from the Varna system1 described in Vedic literature &ndash; foundational texts of the Hindu religion &ndash; over time, this social evil has also been assimilated or has diffused into other religions (Ahmad 1967). A significant number of lower-caste Hindus converted to Islam and Christianity to escape the caste rigidity of Hindu society (Ahmad 1967, Trofimov 2007). The Sachar Committee Report on the Social, Economic, and Educational Status of the Muslim Community of India in November 2006 was an important landmark in this regard (Sachar et al. 2006). The report provided comprehensive evidence on Muslim backwardness in several indicators using data from the 2001 Census of India and other official statistics from central and state government reports. Recent studies have identified and documented empirical evidence on castebased untouchability in Muslims and occupational segregation across six socio-religious groups2 (Kumar et al. 2020, Trivedi et al. 2016a, Trivedi et al. 2016b).</p><p style="text-align:justify">Even within the four major caste groups (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras) of Hindu society, there has been a growing demand for reservation by various politically and economically dominant castes across India (for example, Marathas in Maharashtra, Patidars in Gujarat, Jats in north India, Kapus in Andhra Pradesh) and this has become a burning issue for the political classes of the country (Deshpande and Ramachandran 2017). However, there is limited evidence to resolve the demand for economic classbased quotas for dominant OBCs and upper castes. The absence of a caste census and the lack of unitlevel data on multidimensional developmental indicators such as education, employment, income, wealth, and household amenities at different subcaste levels, act as a barrier to rationalise these influential castes&rsquo; growing demand for quotas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In a recent study (Tiwari et al. 2022), we provide empirical evidence for assessing the multidimensional relative deprivation of different subcastes in terms of poverty, wealth, and financial inclusion in the Uttar Pradesh &ndash; the largest populated state of India, where castebased discrimination and dominance are deeprooted (Kumar et al. 2020, Trivedi et al. 2016a, 2016b). Our study contributes to the emerging literature (Anderson et al. 2015) on resurgent identity politics and mounting disquiets of social and economic development of marginalised communities within the broad socio-religious groups in India.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/social-identity/caste-inequalities-within-socio-religious-groups-evidence-from-uttar-pradesh.html?fbclid=IwAR1UMV6XL1m7jqvuS_r5tmJhb7PAd6RZeE37qYzBylWb58zpqX05x0cZAVw" title="https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/social-identity/caste-inequalities-within-socio-religious-groups-evidence-from-uttar-pradesh.html?fbclid=IwAR1UMV6XL1m7jqvuS_r5tmJhb7PAd6RZeE37qYzBylWb58zpqX05x0cZAVw">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>                                                           
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    <br><a href="https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/social-identity/caste-inequalities-within-socio-religious-groups-evidence-from-uttar-pradesh.html?fbclid=IwAR1UMV6XL1m7jqvuS_r5tmJhb7PAd6RZeE37qYzBylWb58zpqX05x0cZAVw" class="re" target="_blank">IdeasForIndia.in, 20 April, 2022, https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/social-identity/caste-inequalities-within-socio-religious-groups-evidence-from-uttar-pradesh.html?fbclid=IwAR1UMV6XL1m7jqvuS_r5tmJhb7PAd6RZeE37qYzBylWb58zpqX05x0cZAVw</a><div class="clear"></div>
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Caste inequalities within socio-religious groups: Evidence from Uttar Pradesh -Srinivas Goli and Chhavi Tiwari

Published on Apr 20, 2022   Modified on May 2, 2022

-IdeasForIndia.in The Mandal Commission and Sachar Committee reports, among others, have indicated the existence of caste inequalities within the four major caste groups. However, data on this subject remain limited. Using data from a novel 2014-2015 survey conducted in Uttar Pradesh, this article shows that within-group inequalities among upper castes are significantly less, relative to the within-group inequalities observed among both Hindu and Muslim OBCs and Dalits. Broadly, four social groups – Hindu upper castes, Other Backward Classes (OBCs), Scheduled Castes (SCs) or Dalits, Scheduled Tribes (STs) – are used for administrative and governance purposes by the government under Articles 341 and 342 of the Constitution of India (Government of India 1956, Lamba and Subramanian 2020). In 1950, the Constitution granted reservations in employment and education for SCs and STs to overcome caste barriers in socioeconomic status. These reservations were extended to OBCs in the 1990s after the recommendations of the Mandal Commission (Fontaine and Yamada 2014). However, till date, no reservations have been awarded to minority religious groups, like Muslims. While the origins of the caste system come from the Varna system1 described in Vedic literature – foundational texts of the Hindu religion – over time, this social evil has also been assimilated or has diffused into other religions (Ahmad 1967). A significant number of lower-caste Hindus converted to Islam and Christianity to escape the caste rigidity of Hindu society (Ahmad 1967, Trofimov 2007). The Sachar Committee Report on the Social, Economic, and Educational Status of the Muslim Community of India in November 2006 was an important landmark in this regard (Sachar et al. 2006). The report provided comprehensive evidence on Muslim backwardness in several indicators using data from the 2001 Census of India and other official statistics from central and state government reports. Recent studies have identified and documented empirical evidence on castebased untouchability in Muslims and occupational segregation across six socio-religious groups2 (Kumar et al. 2020, Trivedi et al. 2016a, Trivedi et al. 2016b). Even within the four major caste groups (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras) of Hindu society, there has been a growing demand for reservation by various politically and economically dominant castes across India (for example, Marathas in Maharashtra, Patidars in Gujarat, Jats in north India, Kapus in Andhra Pradesh) and this has become a burning issue for the political classes of the country (Deshpande and Ramachandran 2017). However, there is limited evidence to resolve the demand for economic classbased quotas for dominant OBCs and upper castes. The absence of a caste census and the lack of unitlevel data on multidimensional developmental indicators such as education, employment, income, wealth, and household amenities at different subcaste levels, act as a barrier to rationalise these influential castes’ growing demand for quotas. In a recent study (Tiwari et al. 2022), we provide empirical evidence for assessing the multidimensional relative deprivation of different subcastes in terms of poverty, wealth, and financial inclusion in the Uttar Pradesh – the largest populated state of India, where castebased discrimination and dominance are deeprooted (Kumar et al. 2020, Trivedi et al. 2016a, 2016b). Our study contributes to the emerging literature (Anderson et al. 2015) on resurgent identity politics and mounting disquiets of social and economic development of marginalised communities within the broad socio-religious groups in India. Please click here to read more.

IdeasForIndia.in, 20 April, 2022, https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/social-identity/caste-inequalities-within-socio-religious-groups-evidence-from-uttar-pradesh.html?fbclid=IwAR1UMV6XL1m7jqvuS_r5tmJhb7PAd6RZeE37qYzBylWb58zpqX05x0cZAVw

Tagged with: Mandal Commission OBCs Other Backward Classes Sachar Committee Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Caste Inequality Caste Discrimination

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