Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

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Every year, the onset of winter in Delhi unfailingly brings to the fore the burning of paddy residue in Punjab and Haryana, given the practice contributes significantly to the national capital&rsquo;s air pollution woes, with severe consequences for..."/>
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Delhi air pollution: What kind of a challenge is stubble-burning? The crisis decoded -Shilpanjali Deshpande Sarma</h1>
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                            <div align="justify">-The Financial Express<br /><br />Every year, the onset of winter in Delhi unfailingly brings to the fore the burning of paddy residue in Punjab and Haryana, given the practice contributes significantly to the national capital&rsquo;s air pollution woes, with severe consequences for public health. According to an IIT study, 17% of the PM 10 load and 26% of the PM 2.5 load in October-November in Delhi can be attributed to post-monsoon crop residue burning in these states. In addition to increasing atmospheric load of particulate matter in situ and in neighbouring regions, biomass burning also contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and destroys soil ecosystems. Paddy residue burning in the western Indo-Gangetic plain has continued to expand over the years. It has become the norm in more or less the entire farming community of Punjab, the granary of India. Despite the measures being undertaken by various authorities over many years, between 80-90% of the paddy residue generated in the state (close to 20 million tonnes) is burnt. While still problematic, the scales of residue production and burning in Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh are significantly lower. As such, there is a need for a deeper and nuanced understanding of the issue so that the root causes of the problem are identified and pathways to mitigate this phenomenon are located. In Punjab, paddy cultivation&mdash;introduced during the Green Revolution (GR) for addressing food security needs&mdash;grew exponentially, underpinned by massive institutional support by the state including assured price and marketing support.<br /><br />The population of the Indo-Gangetic plain is not one that consumes copious quantities of rice; thus, the rice-wheat rotation which currently occupies nearly 80% of the total cropped area in Punjab displaced other traditional crops more suited to the region. While the GR has led to self-sufficiency in food-grains (rice and wheat), the near complete focus on productivity had unintended ecological and socioeconomic repercussions on Punjab&rsquo;s agrarian community. The mono-cropping of rice has led to a massive depletion of the water table and, given the double-cropping with wheat, it has led to loss of soil fertility and biodiversity, excessive use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides, and water pollution. In parallel, along with the ecological degradation, the region has been witnessing stagnation in yields, rising input usage and costs in the absence of incremental returns, rural indebtedness and prevalence of serious health problems (which, while contested, is attributed to exposure to high input use, by some experts). This has culminated in the well-known agrarian crisis of India&rsquo;s granary.<br /><br />Paddy residue burning is a one facet of the crisis in that region. Farmers resort to the annual burning of paddy stubble and straw given the short window available for them to harvest paddy and prepare the field for sowing the successive wheat crop. Since the advent of mechanised farming and growing labour shortage in the region, combined harvestors are used to harvest paddy which leave large quantities of stubble and straw as residue on the fields. Given time constraints, problems with storing, in-field use and off- field disposal of the residue, farmers burn it to clear the field quickly and inexpensively. As many interested in addressing this problem will tell you, paddy residue burning is as much a socioeconomic challenge as it is one of technology improvisation. Clearly, there is a need to rethink agriculture policy, innovation &amp; practice and institutional roles in Punjab if one is serious about addressing paddy residue burning. Another important area is crop residue management.<br /><br />There are various on-field (soil incorporation of residue to improve soil health) and off-field disposal options (biomass based power generation, biogas and co-generation of fertilizer, mushroom beds, paper/cardboard making and packaging; others like bioethanol production are in the pipeline) for paddy residue management. Whereas straw Management Systems and Happy Seeder technologies have appeared as on-field residue management options, using paddy residue for clean energy appears as a promising off-field option. However, analysis of the technical performance and cost-benefit economics of the on-field options, as well as techno-commercial viability of the off-field options is necessary. Examining how supply-chains can be organised to cater to these options is as crucial as identifying sustainable business models. The role and participation of the farmer is as central to addressing the problem. This will not be possible without addressing underlying aspects of the effectiveness of agriculture policy and institutions, its interface with farmers, trust in these institutions, why farmers no longer wish to continue farming as well as alternative meanings and approaches to sustainability in agriculture and food systems in the region.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/delhi-air-pollution-what-kind-of-a-challenge-is-stubble-burning-the-crisis-decoded/934645/" title="http://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/delhi-air-pollution-what-kind-of-a-challenge-is-stubble-burning-the-crisis-decoded/934645/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>                                                           
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    <br><a href="http://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/delhi-air-pollution-what-kind-of-a-challenge-is-stubble-burning-the-crisis-decoded/934645/" class="re" target="_blank">The Financial Express, 16 November, 2017, http://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/delhi-air-pollution-what-kind-of-a-challenge-is-stubble-burning-the-crisis-decoded/934645/</a><div class="clear"></div>
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Delhi air pollution: What kind of a challenge is stubble-burning? The crisis decoded -Shilpanjali Deshpande Sarma</h1>
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                            <div align="justify">-The Financial Express<br /><br />Every year, the onset of winter in Delhi unfailingly brings to the fore the burning of paddy residue in Punjab and Haryana, given the practice contributes significantly to the national capital&rsquo;s air pollution woes, with severe consequences for public health. According to an IIT study, 17% of the PM 10 load and 26% of the PM 2.5 load in October-November in Delhi can be attributed to post-monsoon crop residue burning in these states. In addition to increasing atmospheric load of particulate matter in situ and in neighbouring regions, biomass burning also contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and destroys soil ecosystems. Paddy residue burning in the western Indo-Gangetic plain has continued to expand over the years. It has become the norm in more or less the entire farming community of Punjab, the granary of India. Despite the measures being undertaken by various authorities over many years, between 80-90% of the paddy residue generated in the state (close to 20 million tonnes) is burnt. While still problematic, the scales of residue production and burning in Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh are significantly lower. As such, there is a need for a deeper and nuanced understanding of the issue so that the root causes of the problem are identified and pathways to mitigate this phenomenon are located. In Punjab, paddy cultivation&mdash;introduced during the Green Revolution (GR) for addressing food security needs&mdash;grew exponentially, underpinned by massive institutional support by the state including assured price and marketing support.<br /><br />The population of the Indo-Gangetic plain is not one that consumes copious quantities of rice; thus, the rice-wheat rotation which currently occupies nearly 80% of the total cropped area in Punjab displaced other traditional crops more suited to the region. While the GR has led to self-sufficiency in food-grains (rice and wheat), the near complete focus on productivity had unintended ecological and socioeconomic repercussions on Punjab&rsquo;s agrarian community. The mono-cropping of rice has led to a massive depletion of the water table and, given the double-cropping with wheat, it has led to loss of soil fertility and biodiversity, excessive use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides, and water pollution. In parallel, along with the ecological degradation, the region has been witnessing stagnation in yields, rising input usage and costs in the absence of incremental returns, rural indebtedness and prevalence of serious health problems (which, while contested, is attributed to exposure to high input use, by some experts). This has culminated in the well-known agrarian crisis of India&rsquo;s granary.<br /><br />Paddy residue burning is a one facet of the crisis in that region. Farmers resort to the annual burning of paddy stubble and straw given the short window available for them to harvest paddy and prepare the field for sowing the successive wheat crop. Since the advent of mechanised farming and growing labour shortage in the region, combined harvestors are used to harvest paddy which leave large quantities of stubble and straw as residue on the fields. Given time constraints, problems with storing, in-field use and off- field disposal of the residue, farmers burn it to clear the field quickly and inexpensively. As many interested in addressing this problem will tell you, paddy residue burning is as much a socioeconomic challenge as it is one of technology improvisation. Clearly, there is a need to rethink agriculture policy, innovation &amp; practice and institutional roles in Punjab if one is serious about addressing paddy residue burning. Another important area is crop residue management.<br /><br />There are various on-field (soil incorporation of residue to improve soil health) and off-field disposal options (biomass based power generation, biogas and co-generation of fertilizer, mushroom beds, paper/cardboard making and packaging; others like bioethanol production are in the pipeline) for paddy residue management. Whereas straw Management Systems and Happy Seeder technologies have appeared as on-field residue management options, using paddy residue for clean energy appears as a promising off-field option. However, analysis of the technical performance and cost-benefit economics of the on-field options, as well as techno-commercial viability of the off-field options is necessary. Examining how supply-chains can be organised to cater to these options is as crucial as identifying sustainable business models. The role and participation of the farmer is as central to addressing the problem. This will not be possible without addressing underlying aspects of the effectiveness of agriculture policy and institutions, its interface with farmers, trust in these institutions, why farmers no longer wish to continue farming as well as alternative meanings and approaches to sustainability in agriculture and food systems in the region.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/delhi-air-pollution-what-kind-of-a-challenge-is-stubble-burning-the-crisis-decoded/934645/" title="http://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/delhi-air-pollution-what-kind-of-a-challenge-is-stubble-burning-the-crisis-decoded/934645/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>                                                           
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    <br><a href="http://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/delhi-air-pollution-what-kind-of-a-challenge-is-stubble-burning-the-crisis-decoded/934645/" class="re" target="_blank">The Financial Express, 16 November, 2017, http://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/delhi-air-pollution-what-kind-of-a-challenge-is-stubble-burning-the-crisis-decoded/934645/</a><div class="clear"></div>
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                            <div align="justify">-The Financial Express<br /><br />Every year, the onset of winter in Delhi unfailingly brings to the fore the burning of paddy residue in Punjab and Haryana, given the practice contributes significantly to the national capital&rsquo;s air pollution woes, with severe consequences for public health. According to an IIT study, 17% of the PM 10 load and 26% of the PM 2.5 load in October-November in Delhi can be attributed to post-monsoon crop residue burning in these states. In addition to increasing atmospheric load of particulate matter in situ and in neighbouring regions, biomass burning also contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and destroys soil ecosystems. Paddy residue burning in the western Indo-Gangetic plain has continued to expand over the years. It has become the norm in more or less the entire farming community of Punjab, the granary of India. Despite the measures being undertaken by various authorities over many years, between 80-90% of the paddy residue generated in the state (close to 20 million tonnes) is burnt. While still problematic, the scales of residue production and burning in Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh are significantly lower. As such, there is a need for a deeper and nuanced understanding of the issue so that the root causes of the problem are identified and pathways to mitigate this phenomenon are located. In Punjab, paddy cultivation&mdash;introduced during the Green Revolution (GR) for addressing food security needs&mdash;grew exponentially, underpinned by massive institutional support by the state including assured price and marketing support.<br /><br />The population of the Indo-Gangetic plain is not one that consumes copious quantities of rice; thus, the rice-wheat rotation which currently occupies nearly 80% of the total cropped area in Punjab displaced other traditional crops more suited to the region. While the GR has led to self-sufficiency in food-grains (rice and wheat), the near complete focus on productivity had unintended ecological and socioeconomic repercussions on Punjab&rsquo;s agrarian community. The mono-cropping of rice has led to a massive depletion of the water table and, given the double-cropping with wheat, it has led to loss of soil fertility and biodiversity, excessive use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides, and water pollution. In parallel, along with the ecological degradation, the region has been witnessing stagnation in yields, rising input usage and costs in the absence of incremental returns, rural indebtedness and prevalence of serious health problems (which, while contested, is attributed to exposure to high input use, by some experts). This has culminated in the well-known agrarian crisis of India&rsquo;s granary.<br /><br />Paddy residue burning is a one facet of the crisis in that region. Farmers resort to the annual burning of paddy stubble and straw given the short window available for them to harvest paddy and prepare the field for sowing the successive wheat crop. Since the advent of mechanised farming and growing labour shortage in the region, combined harvestors are used to harvest paddy which leave large quantities of stubble and straw as residue on the fields. Given time constraints, problems with storing, in-field use and off- field disposal of the residue, farmers burn it to clear the field quickly and inexpensively. As many interested in addressing this problem will tell you, paddy residue burning is as much a socioeconomic challenge as it is one of technology improvisation. Clearly, there is a need to rethink agriculture policy, innovation &amp; practice and institutional roles in Punjab if one is serious about addressing paddy residue burning. Another important area is crop residue management.<br /><br />There are various on-field (soil incorporation of residue to improve soil health) and off-field disposal options (biomass based power generation, biogas and co-generation of fertilizer, mushroom beds, paper/cardboard making and packaging; others like bioethanol production are in the pipeline) for paddy residue management. Whereas straw Management Systems and Happy Seeder technologies have appeared as on-field residue management options, using paddy residue for clean energy appears as a promising off-field option. However, analysis of the technical performance and cost-benefit economics of the on-field options, as well as techno-commercial viability of the off-field options is necessary. Examining how supply-chains can be organised to cater to these options is as crucial as identifying sustainable business models. The role and participation of the farmer is as central to addressing the problem. This will not be possible without addressing underlying aspects of the effectiveness of agriculture policy and institutions, its interface with farmers, trust in these institutions, why farmers no longer wish to continue farming as well as alternative meanings and approaches to sustainability in agriculture and food systems in the region.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/delhi-air-pollution-what-kind-of-a-challenge-is-stubble-burning-the-crisis-decoded/934645/" title="http://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/delhi-air-pollution-what-kind-of-a-challenge-is-stubble-burning-the-crisis-decoded/934645/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>                                                           
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    <br><a href="http://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/delhi-air-pollution-what-kind-of-a-challenge-is-stubble-burning-the-crisis-decoded/934645/" class="re" target="_blank">The Financial Express, 16 November, 2017, http://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/delhi-air-pollution-what-kind-of-a-challenge-is-stubble-burning-the-crisis-decoded/934645/</a><div class="clear"></div>
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Delhi air pollution: What kind of a challenge is stubble-burning? The crisis decoded -Shilpanjali Deshpande Sarma

Published on Nov 17, 2017   Modified on Nov 17, 2017

-The Financial Express Every year, the onset of winter in Delhi unfailingly brings to the fore the burning of paddy residue in Punjab and Haryana, given the practice contributes significantly to the national capital’s air pollution woes, with severe consequences for public health. According to an IIT study, 17% of the PM 10 load and 26% of the PM 2.5 load in October-November in Delhi can be attributed to post-monsoon crop residue burning in these states. In addition to increasing atmospheric load of particulate matter in situ and in neighbouring regions, biomass burning also contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and destroys soil ecosystems. Paddy residue burning in the western Indo-Gangetic plain has continued to expand over the years. It has become the norm in more or less the entire farming community of Punjab, the granary of India. Despite the measures being undertaken by various authorities over many years, between 80-90% of the paddy residue generated in the state (close to 20 million tonnes) is burnt. While still problematic, the scales of residue production and burning in Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh are significantly lower. As such, there is a need for a deeper and nuanced understanding of the issue so that the root causes of the problem are identified and pathways to mitigate this phenomenon are located. In Punjab, paddy cultivation—introduced during the Green Revolution (GR) for addressing food security needs—grew exponentially, underpinned by massive institutional support by the state including assured price and marketing support. The population of the Indo-Gangetic plain is not one that consumes copious quantities of rice; thus, the rice-wheat rotation which currently occupies nearly 80% of the total cropped area in Punjab displaced other traditional crops more suited to the region. While the GR has led to self-sufficiency in food-grains (rice and wheat), the near complete focus on productivity had unintended ecological and socioeconomic repercussions on Punjab’s agrarian community. The mono-cropping of rice has led to a massive depletion of the water table and, given the double-cropping with wheat, it has led to loss of soil fertility and biodiversity, excessive use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides, and water pollution. In parallel, along with the ecological degradation, the region has been witnessing stagnation in yields, rising input usage and costs in the absence of incremental returns, rural indebtedness and prevalence of serious health problems (which, while contested, is attributed to exposure to high input use, by some experts). This has culminated in the well-known agrarian crisis of India’s granary. Paddy residue burning is a one facet of the crisis in that region. Farmers resort to the annual burning of paddy stubble and straw given the short window available for them to harvest paddy and prepare the field for sowing the successive wheat crop. Since the advent of mechanised farming and growing labour shortage in the region, combined harvestors are used to harvest paddy which leave large quantities of stubble and straw as residue on the fields. Given time constraints, problems with storing, in-field use and off- field disposal of the residue, farmers burn it to clear the field quickly and inexpensively. As many interested in addressing this problem will tell you, paddy residue burning is as much a socioeconomic challenge as it is one of technology improvisation. Clearly, there is a need to rethink agriculture policy, innovation & practice and institutional roles in Punjab if one is serious about addressing paddy residue burning. Another important area is crop residue management. There are various on-field (soil incorporation of residue to improve soil health) and off-field disposal options (biomass based power generation, biogas and co-generation of fertilizer, mushroom beds, paper/cardboard making and packaging; others like bioethanol production are in the pipeline) for paddy residue management. Whereas straw Management Systems and Happy Seeder technologies have appeared as on-field residue management options, using paddy residue for clean energy appears as a promising off-field option. However, analysis of the technical performance and cost-benefit economics of the on-field options, as well as techno-commercial viability of the off-field options is necessary. Examining how supply-chains can be organised to cater to these options is as crucial as identifying sustainable business models. The role and participation of the farmer is as central to addressing the problem. This will not be possible without addressing underlying aspects of the effectiveness of agriculture policy and institutions, its interface with farmers, trust in these institutions, why farmers no longer wish to continue farming as well as alternative meanings and approaches to sustainability in agriculture and food systems in the region. Please click here to read more.

The Financial Express, 16 November, 2017, http://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/delhi-air-pollution-what-kind-of-a-challenge-is-stubble-burning-the-crisis-decoded/934645/

Tagged with: Air Pollution Air Quality Crop Residue Burning stubble burning

Related Articles

• PM 2.5 Pollution in Cities, Villages Almost the Same: Study
• 9 of World's 10 most air-polluted cities in South Asia, deadly air causes 2 million premature deaths - World Bank
• Punjab Records 30% Less Stubble Fires This Year But Burnt Area Remains Almost the Same -Vivek Gupta
• Delhi choking, but do not blame stubble burning alone -CK Mishra
• To Tackle Stubble Burning, Governments Have Repeatedly Chosen Ineffective Routes -Ramandeep Singh Mann

 

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