Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
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Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
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        LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Estimating poverty properly    </title>
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-The Business Standard


How to take hot air out of the poverty debate 

Once again, poverty estimations are creating a needless debate over what is a modest measurement problem. For many years since 1973, the government had followed a simple formula:..."/>
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-The Business Standard


How to take hot air out of the poverty debate 

Once again, poverty estimations are creating a needless debate over what is a modest measurement problem. For many years since 1973, the government had followed a simple formula:..." />
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                            <p>-The Business Standard</p><div align="justify"><em>How to take hot air out of the poverty debate <br /></em><br />Once again, poverty estimations are creating a needless debate over what is a modest measurement problem. For many years since 1973, the government had followed a simple formula: if a household could not afford to buy a minimal number of calories and clothing for its members, it was deemed as a household below the Planning Commission poverty line. But there was one problem: survey respondents tend to systematically under-report their expenditure. And so, in the past, reported expenditure was treated as being different from actual expenditure, and this under-reporting was adjusted for. However, as poverty noticeably reduced, the government started changing the time-honoured method in different ways. Each of these changes is aimed at only one direction: ensuring that poverty levels are seen as high.<br /><br />First, reported expenditures were taken as actual expenditures. This automatically increased the number of poor being estimated. Next, the government added other expenditures, such as urban education spending, to the estimation of the poverty line. This further increased the number of poor being estimated. Then the government decided that a fresh survey was required &mdash; while not sure what the criteria for the new poverty line would be. Meanwhile, it accepted a flawed interpretation of survey results, when it took cognisance of findings such as those from the Sengupta Committee. Most of this needless furore on poverty rests on two factors. The first is the distinction between reported expenditures and actual expenditures. The sum of reported expenditures from various National Sample Surveys (NSS) is less than half the actual expenditure according to the National Accounts Statistics. The second is our updated belief that inclusion requires access to not just calories but also other requirements such as basic education, healthcare, and so on. It is, thus, clear that a fresh poverty survey will not solve the problem &mdash; people will under-report, more so that now they will expect increased welfare if they report low ability to spend. Nor will a consensus be achieved. Worse, a new poverty line will be non-comparable with the past if it is not based on the NSS. Comparability over time is important, for that will give direction to policy makers &mdash; to invest more in growth if poverty is falling, or invest more in welfare if it is not. At the same time, as India succeeds in grappling with calorie poverty, it needs to address concerns over lack of access to minimum basic requirements such as education, healthcare and security.<br /><br />The solution lies in explicitly recognising that there are shades of poverty. On the extreme end is calorie poverty, as was predominantly captured by the old poverty line &mdash; call it the extreme poverty line (EPL). The next step is to incorporate access to basic needs such as education &mdash; call it the basic needs poverty line (BNPL). And the last one could be based on developed-country norms &mdash; call it the international poverty line (IPL). Use these three benchmarks to measure changes in poverty over time, using the NSS and adjusting for reporting issues. As poverty levels under one set of criteria fall below, say, 10 per cent, orient policy towards addressing the next higher poverty line. This is a far more transparent and honest solution to the poverty conundrum. It will minimise misinformation and provide better information to policy makers and the public at large about the successes of the past as well as the direction ahead.</div>                                                           
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    <br><a href="http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/estimating-poverty-properly/473593/" class="re" target="_blank">The Business Standard, 7 May, 2012, http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/estimating-poverty-properly/473593/</a><div class="clear"></div>
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-The Business Standard


How to take hot air out of the poverty debate 

Once again, poverty estimations are creating a needless debate over what is a modest measurement problem. For many years since 1973, the government had followed a simple formula:..."/>
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How to take hot air out of the poverty debate 

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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Estimating poverty properly</h1>
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                            <p>-The Business Standard</p><div align="justify"><em>How to take hot air out of the poverty debate <br /></em><br />Once again, poverty estimations are creating a needless debate over what is a modest measurement problem. For many years since 1973, the government had followed a simple formula: if a household could not afford to buy a minimal number of calories and clothing for its members, it was deemed as a household below the Planning Commission poverty line. But there was one problem: survey respondents tend to systematically under-report their expenditure. And so, in the past, reported expenditure was treated as being different from actual expenditure, and this under-reporting was adjusted for. However, as poverty noticeably reduced, the government started changing the time-honoured method in different ways. Each of these changes is aimed at only one direction: ensuring that poverty levels are seen as high.<br /><br />First, reported expenditures were taken as actual expenditures. This automatically increased the number of poor being estimated. Next, the government added other expenditures, such as urban education spending, to the estimation of the poverty line. This further increased the number of poor being estimated. Then the government decided that a fresh survey was required &mdash; while not sure what the criteria for the new poverty line would be. Meanwhile, it accepted a flawed interpretation of survey results, when it took cognisance of findings such as those from the Sengupta Committee. Most of this needless furore on poverty rests on two factors. The first is the distinction between reported expenditures and actual expenditures. The sum of reported expenditures from various National Sample Surveys (NSS) is less than half the actual expenditure according to the National Accounts Statistics. The second is our updated belief that inclusion requires access to not just calories but also other requirements such as basic education, healthcare, and so on. It is, thus, clear that a fresh poverty survey will not solve the problem &mdash; people will under-report, more so that now they will expect increased welfare if they report low ability to spend. Nor will a consensus be achieved. Worse, a new poverty line will be non-comparable with the past if it is not based on the NSS. Comparability over time is important, for that will give direction to policy makers &mdash; to invest more in growth if poverty is falling, or invest more in welfare if it is not. At the same time, as India succeeds in grappling with calorie poverty, it needs to address concerns over lack of access to minimum basic requirements such as education, healthcare and security.<br /><br />The solution lies in explicitly recognising that there are shades of poverty. On the extreme end is calorie poverty, as was predominantly captured by the old poverty line &mdash; call it the extreme poverty line (EPL). The next step is to incorporate access to basic needs such as education &mdash; call it the basic needs poverty line (BNPL). And the last one could be based on developed-country norms &mdash; call it the international poverty line (IPL). Use these three benchmarks to measure changes in poverty over time, using the NSS and adjusting for reporting issues. As poverty levels under one set of criteria fall below, say, 10 per cent, orient policy towards addressing the next higher poverty line. This is a far more transparent and honest solution to the poverty conundrum. It will minimise misinformation and provide better information to policy makers and the public at large about the successes of the past as well as the direction ahead.</div>                                                           
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    <br><a href="http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/estimating-poverty-properly/473593/" class="re" target="_blank">The Business Standard, 7 May, 2012, http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/estimating-poverty-properly/473593/</a><div class="clear"></div>
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How to take hot air out of the poverty debate 

Once again, poverty estimations are creating a needless debate over what is a modest measurement problem. For many years since 1973, the government had followed a simple formula:..."/>
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Estimating poverty properly</h1>
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                            <p>-The Business Standard</p><div align="justify"><em>How to take hot air out of the poverty debate <br /></em><br />Once again, poverty estimations are creating a needless debate over what is a modest measurement problem. For many years since 1973, the government had followed a simple formula: if a household could not afford to buy a minimal number of calories and clothing for its members, it was deemed as a household below the Planning Commission poverty line. But there was one problem: survey respondents tend to systematically under-report their expenditure. And so, in the past, reported expenditure was treated as being different from actual expenditure, and this under-reporting was adjusted for. However, as poverty noticeably reduced, the government started changing the time-honoured method in different ways. Each of these changes is aimed at only one direction: ensuring that poverty levels are seen as high.<br /><br />First, reported expenditures were taken as actual expenditures. This automatically increased the number of poor being estimated. Next, the government added other expenditures, such as urban education spending, to the estimation of the poverty line. This further increased the number of poor being estimated. Then the government decided that a fresh survey was required &mdash; while not sure what the criteria for the new poverty line would be. Meanwhile, it accepted a flawed interpretation of survey results, when it took cognisance of findings such as those from the Sengupta Committee. Most of this needless furore on poverty rests on two factors. The first is the distinction between reported expenditures and actual expenditures. The sum of reported expenditures from various National Sample Surveys (NSS) is less than half the actual expenditure according to the National Accounts Statistics. The second is our updated belief that inclusion requires access to not just calories but also other requirements such as basic education, healthcare, and so on. It is, thus, clear that a fresh poverty survey will not solve the problem &mdash; people will under-report, more so that now they will expect increased welfare if they report low ability to spend. Nor will a consensus be achieved. Worse, a new poverty line will be non-comparable with the past if it is not based on the NSS. Comparability over time is important, for that will give direction to policy makers &mdash; to invest more in growth if poverty is falling, or invest more in welfare if it is not. At the same time, as India succeeds in grappling with calorie poverty, it needs to address concerns over lack of access to minimum basic requirements such as education, healthcare and security.<br /><br />The solution lies in explicitly recognising that there are shades of poverty. On the extreme end is calorie poverty, as was predominantly captured by the old poverty line &mdash; call it the extreme poverty line (EPL). The next step is to incorporate access to basic needs such as education &mdash; call it the basic needs poverty line (BNPL). And the last one could be based on developed-country norms &mdash; call it the international poverty line (IPL). Use these three benchmarks to measure changes in poverty over time, using the NSS and adjusting for reporting issues. As poverty levels under one set of criteria fall below, say, 10 per cent, orient policy towards addressing the next higher poverty line. This is a far more transparent and honest solution to the poverty conundrum. It will minimise misinformation and provide better information to policy makers and the public at large about the successes of the past as well as the direction ahead.</div>                                                           
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    <br><a href="http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/estimating-poverty-properly/473593/" class="re" target="_blank">The Business Standard, 7 May, 2012, http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/estimating-poverty-properly/473593/</a><div class="clear"></div>
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Estimating poverty properly

Published on May 7, 2012   Modified on May 7, 2012

-The Business Standard How to take hot air out of the poverty debate Once again, poverty estimations are creating a needless debate over what is a modest measurement problem. For many years since 1973, the government had followed a simple formula: if a household could not afford to buy a minimal number of calories and clothing for its members, it was deemed as a household below the Planning Commission poverty line. But there was one problem: survey respondents tend to systematically under-report their expenditure. And so, in the past, reported expenditure was treated as being different from actual expenditure, and this under-reporting was adjusted for. However, as poverty noticeably reduced, the government started changing the time-honoured method in different ways. Each of these changes is aimed at only one direction: ensuring that poverty levels are seen as high. First, reported expenditures were taken as actual expenditures. This automatically increased the number of poor being estimated. Next, the government added other expenditures, such as urban education spending, to the estimation of the poverty line. This further increased the number of poor being estimated. Then the government decided that a fresh survey was required — while not sure what the criteria for the new poverty line would be. Meanwhile, it accepted a flawed interpretation of survey results, when it took cognisance of findings such as those from the Sengupta Committee. Most of this needless furore on poverty rests on two factors. The first is the distinction between reported expenditures and actual expenditures. The sum of reported expenditures from various National Sample Surveys (NSS) is less than half the actual expenditure according to the National Accounts Statistics. The second is our updated belief that inclusion requires access to not just calories but also other requirements such as basic education, healthcare, and so on. It is, thus, clear that a fresh poverty survey will not solve the problem — people will under-report, more so that now they will expect increased welfare if they report low ability to spend. Nor will a consensus be achieved. Worse, a new poverty line will be non-comparable with the past if it is not based on the NSS. Comparability over time is important, for that will give direction to policy makers — to invest more in growth if poverty is falling, or invest more in welfare if it is not. At the same time, as India succeeds in grappling with calorie poverty, it needs to address concerns over lack of access to minimum basic requirements such as education, healthcare and security. The solution lies in explicitly recognising that there are shades of poverty. On the extreme end is calorie poverty, as was predominantly captured by the old poverty line — call it the extreme poverty line (EPL). The next step is to incorporate access to basic needs such as education — call it the basic needs poverty line (BNPL). And the last one could be based on developed-country norms — call it the international poverty line (IPL). Use these three benchmarks to measure changes in poverty over time, using the NSS and adjusting for reporting issues. As poverty levels under one set of criteria fall below, say, 10 per cent, orient policy towards addressing the next higher poverty line. This is a far more transparent and honest solution to the poverty conundrum. It will minimise misinformation and provide better information to policy makers and the public at large about the successes of the past as well as the direction ahead.

The Business Standard, 7 May, 2012, http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/estimating-poverty-properly/473593/

Tagged with: Poverty bpl

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