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LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Fix inverted tariff structures to boost industrial growth in India -C Veeramani and Anwesha Basu

Fix inverted tariff structures to boost industrial growth in India -C Veeramani and Anwesha Basu

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published Published on Jan 27, 2021   modified Modified on Jan 28, 2021

-Livemint.com

Correcting import-duty anomalies will attract foreign firms to set up assembly bases here and lift our global competitiveness

A steady decline in import tariff rates in manufacturing industries had been an important feature of India’s economic reforms during the 1990s and 2000s. The average import tariff rate was reduced from about 84% in 1990 to the lowest-ever level of 8.6% in 2010. Consequently, imports of goods plus services as a percentage of India’s gross domestic product (GDP), which is essentially a measure of import openness, steadily increased from 8.5% in 1991 to 30.6% in 2012. The period since 2010, however, witnessed a gradual increase in import tariff rates.

A well known result in economics, referred to as the Lerner Symmetry Theorem, states that import tariffs generally act as a tax on exports. In other words, a tariff on imports disincentivizes exports, just the way a direct tax on exports does. Indeed, exports of goods and services as a percentage of India’s GDP decreased from a peak of 25% in 2012 to 18.6% in 2019. This is a clear reversal of the trends observed during the first two decades of economic reforms. It is important to note that the decline of India’s export openness since 2012 was not a compulsion imposed by conditions prevailing in the rest of the world; the ratio of world trade to GDP remained unchanged at around 30% after 2012. During 2000-2011, India’s exports recorded high annual growth rates of 21% and 24%, respectively, for goods and services. However, exports of goods completely stagnated—with an annual growth rate of almost 0%—during 2012-2019, while the growth rate of services exports declined to 5.9%. The latest available data shows that exports of goods and services declined by 15.7% and 8.1%, respectively, during April-December 2020. For imports, the pace of decline was faster, with falls of 29.1% and 14%, respectively, for goods and services.

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Livemint.com, 27 January, 2021, https://www.livemint.com/budget/opinion/fix-inverted-tariff-structures-to-boost-industrial-growth-in-india-11611764193419.html


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