Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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        LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How to usher in vaccinnovation in India by MK Bhan    </title>
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Vaccines are a true gift of science to humanity. In developing countries, prevention is better than cure. Vaccines have a great track record of safety and efficacy and they are amongst the most cost-effective products, which even the..."/>
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                            <div style="text-align: justify">-The Economic Times</div><div style="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify">Vaccines are a true gift of science to humanity. In developing countries, prevention is better than cure. Vaccines have a great track record of safety and efficacy and they are amongst the most cost-effective products, which even the poor have access to due to effective systems of procurement and delivery. India's contribution in the vaccine arena is noteworthy. The primary reason behind the country's vaccine success story is innovation and entrepreneurship. Some of the enablers are noteworthy.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">India has transited to being globally competitive in vaccine manufacturing. Several Indian vaccine manufacturers bear the coveted seal of quality manufacturing: the 'WHO pre-qualified' tag. India produces 60% of the world's vaccines and accounts for 60-80% of annual UN vaccine purchases. The current Indian vaccine market is currently estimated at around $900 million and is poised to grow 23% during 2011-12, and targets $4.6-billion revenue by 2017.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Beyond manufacture, India has indigenously researched and developed novel vaccines for various diseases that are either commercialised or are near commercialisation: Meningococcal Meningitis by Serum Institute of India; Rotavirus by Bharat Biotech, Serum Institute and Shanta Biotech; H1N1 by Serum Institute, Panacea and Bharat Biotech; and Japanese Encephalitis by Bharat Biotech, Biological E and Panacea Biotech.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">This is the best testimony to our ability in mid-level innovation that has been both a cause and a result of the outstanding improvement in our biopharmaceutical R&amp;D capacity and capability. Government investment and support has also been an integral part of this endeavour and continues to remain so.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">More recently, new schemes such as Small Business Innovation Research Initiative ( SBIRI) and Biotechnology Industry Partnership Programme ( BIPP) by the department of biotechnology (DBT), government of India, have provided an additional impetus to innovation and encouraged new entrepreneurs.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Novel strategies to ensure affordability are imperative for developing countries. Bharat Biotech's Rotavirus vaccine was developed as a social innovation public-private partnership programme. This arrangement ensured a pricing arrangement wherein it will sell for about $1 per dose to the Indian government once licensed as opposed to the $7.5 per dose - price at which it is currently available in the market from other manufacturers.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Similarly, other important vaccines like Hepatitis B, Pentavalent and Hib from the Indian industry are low priced and suitable for introduction into the Expanded Program of Immunisation (EPI). This has been possible due to competition amongst the Indian and other Developing country manufacturers. It has also achieved a greater good - i.e. compelled global vaccine manufacturers to announce price cuts for public sector use, e.g. Merck reduced HPV vaccine prices from 15 USD/ dose to 5 USD/ dose - a 67% reduction.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">India's growing efficiency in mid-level innovation is also evident from the short time taken to development in response to need and is best illustrated by the H1N1 flu vaccine and Meningococcal Meningitis Vaccine. In the protracted product development process, quality of testing in humans and the ethics involved has been a concern. GOI is now assisting and providing active oversight to ensure patient friendly, scientifically apt and ethical studies e.g. the Phase III Rotavirus trial supported by DBT and other partners at Delhi, Pune and Vellore.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">What factors have contributed to this success story? People as always, for one. India's growing focus on capacity building including human resources has paid off. Both the volume and the quality of India's scientific output have risen measurably.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">A recent media report indicated that placement of India's top universities on the H-index, which measures citation impact, has gone up significantly in the past two years. Better funding for scientific education and encouragement to our scientists returning from foreign shores in form of efforts like DBT's Wellcome Trust Fellowships &amp; Ramalingaswami Fellowships have helped. India can now boast of a strong network of highly educated, engaged and collaborative scientists in the infectious diseases area backed by a robust infrastructure.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Talent alone, however, cannot deliver without an enabling environment. Some of the key elements of an innovation-friendly environment in place for the vaccine sector in India are: a balanced contribution towards high risk projects by the public and private sectors; academia-industry collaboration within the country and with global non-profit agencies; improvement in regulatory system for vaccines; tailoring of the government's vast network of international collaborations including South-South engagements in support of local innovation.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The ultimate evidence of quality innovation is India's role in engaging in vaccine R&amp;D for big killer diseases like HIV, TB, malaria, dengue, etc. where the scientific challenges currently outstrip the development one. India's scientists at the DBT-supported International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi working in malaria and dengue are globally respected. Our R&amp;D in vaccines against HIV and TB is improving.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">India has correctly valued global partnerships with agencies like the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), National Institute of Health, Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation, because it has helped mobilisation of global talent and working together of best scientists to serve India's future public health needs. The establishment of Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI) at Faridabad and the IAVI partnered HIV vaccine Design Centre at THSTI is another important milestone.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Moving forward, more affordable vaccine development R&amp;D should be coupled with efficient delivery, particularly in rural areas. The National Rural Health Mission efforts are beginning to show results with steady increases in coverage of routine EPI vaccine. Greater efforts are also on the anvil for routine immunisation. Our efforts in Polio eradication have earned global respect.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">With the Prime Minister declaring 2010-2020 as the &quot;Decade of Innovation&quot;, innovation in vaccine R&amp;D must also spur development of all other health technologies. Our endeavour towards affordable health care must live up to Gandhiji's commandment of practicing science with humanism.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Similar leap frogging in innovation is required to address other grand challenges facing the country like food and nutrition, climate and environment, energy, affordable housing and many others. The answer lies in creating and nurturing innovators within a world class national innovation system.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">(The author is secretary in the Department of Biotechnology, Govt of India)</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div>                                                           
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">How to usher in vaccinnovation in India by MK Bhan</h1>
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                            <div style="text-align: justify">-The Economic Times</div><div style="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify">Vaccines are a true gift of science to humanity. In developing countries, prevention is better than cure. Vaccines have a great track record of safety and efficacy and they are amongst the most cost-effective products, which even the poor have access to due to effective systems of procurement and delivery. India's contribution in the vaccine arena is noteworthy. The primary reason behind the country's vaccine success story is innovation and entrepreneurship. Some of the enablers are noteworthy.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">India has transited to being globally competitive in vaccine manufacturing. Several Indian vaccine manufacturers bear the coveted seal of quality manufacturing: the 'WHO pre-qualified' tag. India produces 60% of the world's vaccines and accounts for 60-80% of annual UN vaccine purchases. The current Indian vaccine market is currently estimated at around $900 million and is poised to grow 23% during 2011-12, and targets $4.6-billion revenue by 2017.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Beyond manufacture, India has indigenously researched and developed novel vaccines for various diseases that are either commercialised or are near commercialisation: Meningococcal Meningitis by Serum Institute of India; Rotavirus by Bharat Biotech, Serum Institute and Shanta Biotech; H1N1 by Serum Institute, Panacea and Bharat Biotech; and Japanese Encephalitis by Bharat Biotech, Biological E and Panacea Biotech.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">This is the best testimony to our ability in mid-level innovation that has been both a cause and a result of the outstanding improvement in our biopharmaceutical R&amp;D capacity and capability. Government investment and support has also been an integral part of this endeavour and continues to remain so.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">More recently, new schemes such as Small Business Innovation Research Initiative ( SBIRI) and Biotechnology Industry Partnership Programme ( BIPP) by the department of biotechnology (DBT), government of India, have provided an additional impetus to innovation and encouraged new entrepreneurs.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Novel strategies to ensure affordability are imperative for developing countries. Bharat Biotech's Rotavirus vaccine was developed as a social innovation public-private partnership programme. This arrangement ensured a pricing arrangement wherein it will sell for about $1 per dose to the Indian government once licensed as opposed to the $7.5 per dose - price at which it is currently available in the market from other manufacturers.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Similarly, other important vaccines like Hepatitis B, Pentavalent and Hib from the Indian industry are low priced and suitable for introduction into the Expanded Program of Immunisation (EPI). This has been possible due to competition amongst the Indian and other Developing country manufacturers. It has also achieved a greater good - i.e. compelled global vaccine manufacturers to announce price cuts for public sector use, e.g. Merck reduced HPV vaccine prices from 15 USD/ dose to 5 USD/ dose - a 67% reduction.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">India's growing efficiency in mid-level innovation is also evident from the short time taken to development in response to need and is best illustrated by the H1N1 flu vaccine and Meningococcal Meningitis Vaccine. In the protracted product development process, quality of testing in humans and the ethics involved has been a concern. GOI is now assisting and providing active oversight to ensure patient friendly, scientifically apt and ethical studies e.g. the Phase III Rotavirus trial supported by DBT and other partners at Delhi, Pune and Vellore.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">What factors have contributed to this success story? People as always, for one. India's growing focus on capacity building including human resources has paid off. Both the volume and the quality of India's scientific output have risen measurably.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">A recent media report indicated that placement of India's top universities on the H-index, which measures citation impact, has gone up significantly in the past two years. Better funding for scientific education and encouragement to our scientists returning from foreign shores in form of efforts like DBT's Wellcome Trust Fellowships &amp; Ramalingaswami Fellowships have helped. India can now boast of a strong network of highly educated, engaged and collaborative scientists in the infectious diseases area backed by a robust infrastructure.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Talent alone, however, cannot deliver without an enabling environment. Some of the key elements of an innovation-friendly environment in place for the vaccine sector in India are: a balanced contribution towards high risk projects by the public and private sectors; academia-industry collaboration within the country and with global non-profit agencies; improvement in regulatory system for vaccines; tailoring of the government's vast network of international collaborations including South-South engagements in support of local innovation.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The ultimate evidence of quality innovation is India's role in engaging in vaccine R&amp;D for big killer diseases like HIV, TB, malaria, dengue, etc. where the scientific challenges currently outstrip the development one. India's scientists at the DBT-supported International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi working in malaria and dengue are globally respected. Our R&amp;D in vaccines against HIV and TB is improving.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">India has correctly valued global partnerships with agencies like the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), National Institute of Health, Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation, because it has helped mobilisation of global talent and working together of best scientists to serve India's future public health needs. The establishment of Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI) at Faridabad and the IAVI partnered HIV vaccine Design Centre at THSTI is another important milestone.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Moving forward, more affordable vaccine development R&amp;D should be coupled with efficient delivery, particularly in rural areas. The National Rural Health Mission efforts are beginning to show results with steady increases in coverage of routine EPI vaccine. Greater efforts are also on the anvil for routine immunisation. Our efforts in Polio eradication have earned global respect.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">With the Prime Minister declaring 2010-2020 as the &quot;Decade of Innovation&quot;, innovation in vaccine R&amp;D must also spur development of all other health technologies. Our endeavour towards affordable health care must live up to Gandhiji's commandment of practicing science with humanism.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Similar leap frogging in innovation is required to address other grand challenges facing the country like food and nutrition, climate and environment, energy, affordable housing and many others. The answer lies in creating and nurturing innovators within a world class national innovation system.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">(The author is secretary in the Department of Biotechnology, Govt of India)</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div>                                                           
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Vaccines are a true gift of science to humanity. In developing countries, prevention is better than cure. Vaccines have a great track record of safety and efficacy and they are amongst the most cost-effective products, which even the..."/>
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">How to usher in vaccinnovation in India by MK Bhan</h1>
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                            <div style="text-align: justify">-The Economic Times</div><div style="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify">Vaccines are a true gift of science to humanity. In developing countries, prevention is better than cure. Vaccines have a great track record of safety and efficacy and they are amongst the most cost-effective products, which even the poor have access to due to effective systems of procurement and delivery. India's contribution in the vaccine arena is noteworthy. The primary reason behind the country's vaccine success story is innovation and entrepreneurship. Some of the enablers are noteworthy.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">India has transited to being globally competitive in vaccine manufacturing. Several Indian vaccine manufacturers bear the coveted seal of quality manufacturing: the 'WHO pre-qualified' tag. India produces 60% of the world's vaccines and accounts for 60-80% of annual UN vaccine purchases. The current Indian vaccine market is currently estimated at around $900 million and is poised to grow 23% during 2011-12, and targets $4.6-billion revenue by 2017.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Beyond manufacture, India has indigenously researched and developed novel vaccines for various diseases that are either commercialised or are near commercialisation: Meningococcal Meningitis by Serum Institute of India; Rotavirus by Bharat Biotech, Serum Institute and Shanta Biotech; H1N1 by Serum Institute, Panacea and Bharat Biotech; and Japanese Encephalitis by Bharat Biotech, Biological E and Panacea Biotech.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">This is the best testimony to our ability in mid-level innovation that has been both a cause and a result of the outstanding improvement in our biopharmaceutical R&amp;D capacity and capability. Government investment and support has also been an integral part of this endeavour and continues to remain so.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">More recently, new schemes such as Small Business Innovation Research Initiative ( SBIRI) and Biotechnology Industry Partnership Programme ( BIPP) by the department of biotechnology (DBT), government of India, have provided an additional impetus to innovation and encouraged new entrepreneurs.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Novel strategies to ensure affordability are imperative for developing countries. Bharat Biotech's Rotavirus vaccine was developed as a social innovation public-private partnership programme. This arrangement ensured a pricing arrangement wherein it will sell for about $1 per dose to the Indian government once licensed as opposed to the $7.5 per dose - price at which it is currently available in the market from other manufacturers.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Similarly, other important vaccines like Hepatitis B, Pentavalent and Hib from the Indian industry are low priced and suitable for introduction into the Expanded Program of Immunisation (EPI). This has been possible due to competition amongst the Indian and other Developing country manufacturers. It has also achieved a greater good - i.e. compelled global vaccine manufacturers to announce price cuts for public sector use, e.g. Merck reduced HPV vaccine prices from 15 USD/ dose to 5 USD/ dose - a 67% reduction.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">India's growing efficiency in mid-level innovation is also evident from the short time taken to development in response to need and is best illustrated by the H1N1 flu vaccine and Meningococcal Meningitis Vaccine. In the protracted product development process, quality of testing in humans and the ethics involved has been a concern. GOI is now assisting and providing active oversight to ensure patient friendly, scientifically apt and ethical studies e.g. the Phase III Rotavirus trial supported by DBT and other partners at Delhi, Pune and Vellore.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">What factors have contributed to this success story? People as always, for one. India's growing focus on capacity building including human resources has paid off. Both the volume and the quality of India's scientific output have risen measurably.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">A recent media report indicated that placement of India's top universities on the H-index, which measures citation impact, has gone up significantly in the past two years. Better funding for scientific education and encouragement to our scientists returning from foreign shores in form of efforts like DBT's Wellcome Trust Fellowships &amp; Ramalingaswami Fellowships have helped. India can now boast of a strong network of highly educated, engaged and collaborative scientists in the infectious diseases area backed by a robust infrastructure.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Talent alone, however, cannot deliver without an enabling environment. Some of the key elements of an innovation-friendly environment in place for the vaccine sector in India are: a balanced contribution towards high risk projects by the public and private sectors; academia-industry collaboration within the country and with global non-profit agencies; improvement in regulatory system for vaccines; tailoring of the government's vast network of international collaborations including South-South engagements in support of local innovation.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The ultimate evidence of quality innovation is India's role in engaging in vaccine R&amp;D for big killer diseases like HIV, TB, malaria, dengue, etc. where the scientific challenges currently outstrip the development one. India's scientists at the DBT-supported International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi working in malaria and dengue are globally respected. Our R&amp;D in vaccines against HIV and TB is improving.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">India has correctly valued global partnerships with agencies like the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), National Institute of Health, Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation, because it has helped mobilisation of global talent and working together of best scientists to serve India's future public health needs. The establishment of Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI) at Faridabad and the IAVI partnered HIV vaccine Design Centre at THSTI is another important milestone.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Moving forward, more affordable vaccine development R&amp;D should be coupled with efficient delivery, particularly in rural areas. The National Rural Health Mission efforts are beginning to show results with steady increases in coverage of routine EPI vaccine. Greater efforts are also on the anvil for routine immunisation. Our efforts in Polio eradication have earned global respect.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">With the Prime Minister declaring 2010-2020 as the &quot;Decade of Innovation&quot;, innovation in vaccine R&amp;D must also spur development of all other health technologies. Our endeavour towards affordable health care must live up to Gandhiji's commandment of practicing science with humanism.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">Similar leap frogging in innovation is required to address other grand challenges facing the country like food and nutrition, climate and environment, energy, affordable housing and many others. The answer lies in creating and nurturing innovators within a world class national innovation system.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">(The author is secretary in the Department of Biotechnology, Govt of India)</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div>                                                           
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    <br><a href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/comments-analysis/how-to-usher-in-vaccinnovation-in-india/articleshow/11679509.cms?curpg=1" class="re" target="_blank">The Economic Times, 30 January, 2012, http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/comments-analysis/how-to-usher-in-vaccinnovation-in-india/articleshow/11679509.cms?curpg=1</a><div class="clear"></div>
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How to usher in vaccinnovation in India by MK Bhan

Published on Jan 30, 2012   Modified on Jan 30, 2012

-The Economic Times   Vaccines are a true gift of science to humanity. In developing countries, prevention is better than cure. Vaccines have a great track record of safety and efficacy and they are amongst the most cost-effective products, which even the poor have access to due to effective systems of procurement and delivery. India's contribution in the vaccine arena is noteworthy. The primary reason behind the country's vaccine success story is innovation and entrepreneurship. Some of the enablers are noteworthy.  India has transited to being globally competitive in vaccine manufacturing. Several Indian vaccine manufacturers bear the coveted seal of quality manufacturing: the 'WHO pre-qualified' tag. India produces 60% of the world's vaccines and accounts for 60-80% of annual UN vaccine purchases. The current Indian vaccine market is currently estimated at around $900 million and is poised to grow 23% during 2011-12, and targets $4.6-billion revenue by 2017.  Beyond manufacture, India has indigenously researched and developed novel vaccines for various diseases that are either commercialised or are near commercialisation: Meningococcal Meningitis by Serum Institute of India; Rotavirus by Bharat Biotech, Serum Institute and Shanta Biotech; H1N1 by Serum Institute, Panacea and Bharat Biotech; and Japanese Encephalitis by Bharat Biotech, Biological E and Panacea Biotech.  This is the best testimony to our ability in mid-level innovation that has been both a cause and a result of the outstanding improvement in our biopharmaceutical R&D capacity and capability. Government investment and support has also been an integral part of this endeavour and continues to remain so.  More recently, new schemes such as Small Business Innovation Research Initiative ( SBIRI) and Biotechnology Industry Partnership Programme ( BIPP) by the department of biotechnology (DBT), government of India, have provided an additional impetus to innovation and encouraged new entrepreneurs.  Novel strategies to ensure affordability are imperative for developing countries. Bharat Biotech's Rotavirus vaccine was developed as a social innovation public-private partnership programme. This arrangement ensured a pricing arrangement wherein it will sell for about $1 per dose to the Indian government once licensed as opposed to the $7.5 per dose - price at which it is currently available in the market from other manufacturers.  Similarly, other important vaccines like Hepatitis B, Pentavalent and Hib from the Indian industry are low priced and suitable for introduction into the Expanded Program of Immunisation (EPI). This has been possible due to competition amongst the Indian and other Developing country manufacturers. It has also achieved a greater good - i.e. compelled global vaccine manufacturers to announce price cuts for public sector use, e.g. Merck reduced HPV vaccine prices from 15 USD/ dose to 5 USD/ dose - a 67% reduction.  India's growing efficiency in mid-level innovation is also evident from the short time taken to development in response to need and is best illustrated by the H1N1 flu vaccine and Meningococcal Meningitis Vaccine. In the protracted product development process, quality of testing in humans and the ethics involved has been a concern. GOI is now assisting and providing active oversight to ensure patient friendly, scientifically apt and ethical studies e.g. the Phase III Rotavirus trial supported by DBT and other partners at Delhi, Pune and Vellore.  What factors have contributed to this success story? People as always, for one. India's growing focus on capacity building including human resources has paid off. Both the volume and the quality of India's scientific output have risen measurably.  A recent media report indicated that placement of India's top universities on the H-index, which measures citation impact, has gone up significantly in the past two years. Better funding for scientific education and encouragement to our scientists returning from foreign shores in form of efforts like DBT's Wellcome Trust Fellowships & Ramalingaswami Fellowships have helped. India can now boast of a strong network of highly educated, engaged and collaborative scientists in the infectious diseases area backed by a robust infrastructure.  Talent alone, however, cannot deliver without an enabling environment. Some of the key elements of an innovation-friendly environment in place for the vaccine sector in India are: a balanced contribution towards high risk projects by the public and private sectors; academia-industry collaboration within the country and with global non-profit agencies; improvement in regulatory system for vaccines; tailoring of the government's vast network of international collaborations including South-South engagements in support of local innovation.  The ultimate evidence of quality innovation is India's role in engaging in vaccine R&D for big killer diseases like HIV, TB, malaria, dengue, etc. where the scientific challenges currently outstrip the development one. India's scientists at the DBT-supported International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi working in malaria and dengue are globally respected. Our R&D in vaccines against HIV and TB is improving.  India has correctly valued global partnerships with agencies like the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), National Institute of Health, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, because it has helped mobilisation of global talent and working together of best scientists to serve India's future public health needs. The establishment of Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI) at Faridabad and the IAVI partnered HIV vaccine Design Centre at THSTI is another important milestone.  Moving forward, more affordable vaccine development R&D should be coupled with efficient delivery, particularly in rural areas. The National Rural Health Mission efforts are beginning to show results with steady increases in coverage of routine EPI vaccine. Greater efforts are also on the anvil for routine immunisation. Our efforts in Polio eradication have earned global respect.  With the Prime Minister declaring 2010-2020 as the "Decade of Innovation", innovation in vaccine R&D must also spur development of all other health technologies. Our endeavour towards affordable health care must live up to Gandhiji's commandment of practicing science with humanism.  Similar leap frogging in innovation is required to address other grand challenges facing the country like food and nutrition, climate and environment, energy, affordable housing and many others. The answer lies in creating and nurturing innovators within a world class national innovation system.  (The author is secretary in the Department of Biotechnology, Govt of India)

The Economic Times, 30 January, 2012, http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/comments-analysis/how-to-usher-in-vaccinnovation-in-india/articleshow/11679509.cms?curpg=1

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