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LATEST NEWS UPDATES | India Needs Employment Generation, Not Population Control -Deepankar Basu

India Needs Employment Generation, Not Population Control -Deepankar Basu

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published Published on Jul 14, 2021   modified Modified on Jul 16, 2021

-TheWire.in

India is on its way to completing its demographic transition. It should stop fretting about the population problem. Instead, it needs to invest massively in education and health and provide stable, well-paying jobs.

In recent weeks, the enormity of India’s “population problem” seems to have suddenly gripped the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leadership.

Following the lead of Assam, the state of Uttar Pradesh has also started preparations for introducing a population control law. BJP’s national secretary, C.T. Ravi, has pushed for a similar population control law for yet another BJP-ruled state, Karnataka. BJP MPs Rakesh Sinha and Anil Aggarwal have put in notices to table population control Bills in the national parliament soon.

Is it really the case that India faces a serious population problem? Does India really need a population control policy? Both questions have the same answer: a resounding no!

A population control policy for contemporary India has very little justification in logic or facts. India is well on its way to completing its demographic transition. It should stop fretting about the population problem once and for all. It should stop ill-conceived attempts to legislate population control policies.

Instead, India needs to focus on the potential demographic dividend that has opened up for it. It needs to invest massively in education and health that will educate its workers, impart useful skills and make them healthy. It needs to put in place policies and institutions that will provide stable, well-paying jobs for them.

What is the demographic transition?

Study of the historical experience of modern economic growth across the world has established a robust pattern of demographic change that demographers and economic historians call the ‘demographic transition’. This refers to a distinct, three-stage, pattern of demographic change that accompanies economic growth.

In the first stage, when countries are relatively poor, they have both high birth and death rates. The high birth and death rates balance each other. Hence, in the first stage, the overall population growth rates are low.

In the second stage, the death rate declines faster than the birth rate – driven by improvements in sanitation, hygiene, control of infectious diseases through antibiotics and vaccination. Hence, in the second stage, the growth rate of the population rises.

In the third and final stage, the birth rate declines faster than the death rate, as families change their fertility patterns – driven by rising economic prosperity, lower infant mortality rates, rising rates of women’s education, changing family structures, and development of institutions of old-age care and social security. The third and final stage is marked, once again, by a low population growth rate.

Thus, as any country moves through the demographic transition, its population growth rate starts from a relatively low level, rises for an extended period (the length of the period depending on how quickly the birth rate declines in the second stage of the transitions), and finally falls back to a low level again when the transition is completed.

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TheWire.in, 14 July, 2021, https://thewire.in/economy/india-needs-employment-generation-not-population-control


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