Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 150,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'catslug'
		]
	],
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		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'index',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 97,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 150,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/protesting-rape-18839.html'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/protesting-rape-18839.html'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'catslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 151,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'index',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 97,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 151,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/protesting-rape-18839.html'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/protesting-rape-18839.html'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--[if lt IE 7 ]>
<html class="ie ie6" lang='en'> <![endif]-->
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State and society both have to transform if we are to reduce violence against women.





The past fortnight has seen unprecedented protests in Delhi over the gang rape and brutalisation of a young medical student. It has taken..."/>
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State and society both have to transform if we are to reduce violence against women.





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                            <div style="text-align: justify">-Economic and Political Weekly</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify"><em>State and society both have to transform if we are to reduce violence against women.</em></div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The past fortnight has seen unprecedented protests in Delhi over the gang rape and brutalisation of a young medical student. It has taken most people by surprise to see the manner in which thousands of people have come out to protest the lack of safety for women in the public spaces of the capital, and in other cities of India. While this has been similar in many respects to the other instances of the public outpouring of anger which we have seen, particularly in Delhi, during the second term of the United Progressive Alliance government, there is something unique about these protests. For the most part they have not been organised by any political party or civil society organisation. Further, they have remained, even a fortnight after all attempts by political parties to appropriate them, much larger than any political agenda and much wider than any particular political stream. Lastly, what is remarkable is that every time their energy seemed to sag they have revived &ndash; from the dispersed protests of students to the gathering at India Gate and Raisina Hill and then to Jantar Mantar. We now have the massive &ldquo;Take back the night&rdquo; walks by students and others of residential areas to assert a woman&rsquo;s right to the city without fear of violence, for freedom to the woman, for &ldquo;azadi&rdquo; as the chants insist.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The government has displayed an all too familiar inattentiveness to popular feelings and has reacted either with force or indifference. Protests have been dealt with beatings, tear gas and water-cannons, and with a display of crass opinions on gender. It is unbelievable that what claims to be a democratic government shuts down the metro in central Delhi to prevent people from gathering in peaceful protests. At one level the government did provide the best possible medical treatment to the woman, but it also used this to move her out of the country against medical opinion only to protect itself from political pressure. Every move of the central and Delhi governments has been at best reactive and at worst cynical to scuttle the growing public solidarity and stifle people&rsquo;s right to express themselves.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The popular protests, while they have successfully braved the repression of the government, have themselves contributed to building an atmosphere where in some respects repressive and regressive ideas have found fertile ground to grow. The amorphousness of the protests and the social/political base of the protestors has meant that demands for death penalty and castration of rapists have gained shrill popularity, despite all attempts by the feminist and left-wing sections in these protests to push them back. Today there is a real danger that the death penalty as well as castration will be legally added to the punishments for rape. More, there is a proposal to create a database of sexual offenders and make it public &ndash; a form of &ldquo;naming-shaming&rdquo; exercise. There are also proposals to change the burden of proof in &ldquo;grave cases of sexual assault&rdquo; from the accuser to the accused. There are various other suggestions for increasing the powers of the police and for curtailing due process in investigation, trial and judgment to help &ldquo;fast-track&rdquo; the cases of sexual violence. Apart from this a host of measures have been announced by Union Home Minister Sushil Kumar Shinde to increase policing powers and surveillance which may or may not help reduce crimes against women but would surely make the city far more daunting for the migrant, the homeless, the unorganised and the informal. An indication of the dangerous political context this has created can be found in the refusal of lawyers of the Saket courts in New Delhi to represent the gang rape accused. It is just as well that the chief justice of the Supreme Court has pointed out while inaugurating the new fast-track courts to try rape cases that &ldquo;a swift trial should not be at the cost of a fair trial&rdquo;.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The government has announced the formation of a three-member committee headed by retired chief justice of the Supreme Court, J S Verma, to suggest amendments to the law to remove loopholes and ambiguities and make it more stringent. It will be a great advance if the Verma Committee&rsquo;s recommendations help change many of the laws, rules and definitions that stigmatise the victim of sexual assault, create false distinctions of &ldquo;legitimate&rdquo; and &ldquo;illegitimate&rdquo; rape and discourage victims of sexual crimes from approaching the police.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">For much of this to happen actually little change in the existing laws is necessary. What we require are reforms in the police and greater gender sensitisation among the force as well as within the judicial system. The latter has often been extremely patriarchal in its judgments. More importantly, we require a transformation in relations in our society and within our families. We require the anger to focus as much inwards at the way we socialise our children in discriminatory gender roles, at the manner in which we have gone along with the sexualisation of our public spaces, and at the growing amounts of dowry and ostentation at weddings. It is essential that we hold the government and state institutions to account for all their acts of omission and commission, and they are many, on matters of gender justice. But to not extend it further to a critique and reform of society is to leave untouched the cesspool of reactionary ideas and practices from which germinates sexual violence. Even as we reform the police and judiciary, it is crucial to engage with this larger and long-term battle.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The anger of the protestor has started off a welcome conversation on issues that have till now remained in the twilight zone. There has been a perceptible and positive change in the way matters of sexual violence and harassment are now being discussed and debated. However, it would be unfortunate if this energy is harnessed only to legislate draconian laws and strengthen the surveillance and repressive functions of the state.</div>                                                           
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    <br><a href="http://www.epw.in/editorials/protesting-rape.html" class="re" target="_blank">Economic and Political Weekly, Vol-XLVIII, No. 02, January 12, 2013, http://www.epw.in/editorials/protesting-rape.html</a><div class="clear"></div>
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State and society both have to transform if we are to reduce violence against women.





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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Protesting Rape</h1>
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                            <div style="text-align: justify">-Economic and Political Weekly</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify"><em>State and society both have to transform if we are to reduce violence against women.</em></div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The past fortnight has seen unprecedented protests in Delhi over the gang rape and brutalisation of a young medical student. It has taken most people by surprise to see the manner in which thousands of people have come out to protest the lack of safety for women in the public spaces of the capital, and in other cities of India. While this has been similar in many respects to the other instances of the public outpouring of anger which we have seen, particularly in Delhi, during the second term of the United Progressive Alliance government, there is something unique about these protests. For the most part they have not been organised by any political party or civil society organisation. Further, they have remained, even a fortnight after all attempts by political parties to appropriate them, much larger than any political agenda and much wider than any particular political stream. Lastly, what is remarkable is that every time their energy seemed to sag they have revived &ndash; from the dispersed protests of students to the gathering at India Gate and Raisina Hill and then to Jantar Mantar. We now have the massive &ldquo;Take back the night&rdquo; walks by students and others of residential areas to assert a woman&rsquo;s right to the city without fear of violence, for freedom to the woman, for &ldquo;azadi&rdquo; as the chants insist.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The government has displayed an all too familiar inattentiveness to popular feelings and has reacted either with force or indifference. Protests have been dealt with beatings, tear gas and water-cannons, and with a display of crass opinions on gender. It is unbelievable that what claims to be a democratic government shuts down the metro in central Delhi to prevent people from gathering in peaceful protests. At one level the government did provide the best possible medical treatment to the woman, but it also used this to move her out of the country against medical opinion only to protect itself from political pressure. Every move of the central and Delhi governments has been at best reactive and at worst cynical to scuttle the growing public solidarity and stifle people&rsquo;s right to express themselves.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The popular protests, while they have successfully braved the repression of the government, have themselves contributed to building an atmosphere where in some respects repressive and regressive ideas have found fertile ground to grow. The amorphousness of the protests and the social/political base of the protestors has meant that demands for death penalty and castration of rapists have gained shrill popularity, despite all attempts by the feminist and left-wing sections in these protests to push them back. Today there is a real danger that the death penalty as well as castration will be legally added to the punishments for rape. More, there is a proposal to create a database of sexual offenders and make it public &ndash; a form of &ldquo;naming-shaming&rdquo; exercise. There are also proposals to change the burden of proof in &ldquo;grave cases of sexual assault&rdquo; from the accuser to the accused. There are various other suggestions for increasing the powers of the police and for curtailing due process in investigation, trial and judgment to help &ldquo;fast-track&rdquo; the cases of sexual violence. Apart from this a host of measures have been announced by Union Home Minister Sushil Kumar Shinde to increase policing powers and surveillance which may or may not help reduce crimes against women but would surely make the city far more daunting for the migrant, the homeless, the unorganised and the informal. An indication of the dangerous political context this has created can be found in the refusal of lawyers of the Saket courts in New Delhi to represent the gang rape accused. It is just as well that the chief justice of the Supreme Court has pointed out while inaugurating the new fast-track courts to try rape cases that &ldquo;a swift trial should not be at the cost of a fair trial&rdquo;.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The government has announced the formation of a three-member committee headed by retired chief justice of the Supreme Court, J S Verma, to suggest amendments to the law to remove loopholes and ambiguities and make it more stringent. It will be a great advance if the Verma Committee&rsquo;s recommendations help change many of the laws, rules and definitions that stigmatise the victim of sexual assault, create false distinctions of &ldquo;legitimate&rdquo; and &ldquo;illegitimate&rdquo; rape and discourage victims of sexual crimes from approaching the police.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">For much of this to happen actually little change in the existing laws is necessary. What we require are reforms in the police and greater gender sensitisation among the force as well as within the judicial system. The latter has often been extremely patriarchal in its judgments. More importantly, we require a transformation in relations in our society and within our families. We require the anger to focus as much inwards at the way we socialise our children in discriminatory gender roles, at the manner in which we have gone along with the sexualisation of our public spaces, and at the growing amounts of dowry and ostentation at weddings. It is essential that we hold the government and state institutions to account for all their acts of omission and commission, and they are many, on matters of gender justice. But to not extend it further to a critique and reform of society is to leave untouched the cesspool of reactionary ideas and practices from which germinates sexual violence. Even as we reform the police and judiciary, it is crucial to engage with this larger and long-term battle.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The anger of the protestor has started off a welcome conversation on issues that have till now remained in the twilight zone. There has been a perceptible and positive change in the way matters of sexual violence and harassment are now being discussed and debated. However, it would be unfortunate if this energy is harnessed only to legislate draconian laws and strengthen the surveillance and repressive functions of the state.</div>                                                           
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    <br><a href="http://www.epw.in/editorials/protesting-rape.html" class="re" target="_blank">Economic and Political Weekly, Vol-XLVIII, No. 02, January 12, 2013, http://www.epw.in/editorials/protesting-rape.html</a><div class="clear"></div>
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-Economic and Political Weekly





State and society both have to transform if we are to reduce violence against women.





The past fortnight has seen unprecedented protests in Delhi over the gang rape and brutalisation of a young medical student. It has taken..." />
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                            <div style="text-align: justify">-Economic and Political Weekly</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify"><em>State and society both have to transform if we are to reduce violence against women.</em></div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The past fortnight has seen unprecedented protests in Delhi over the gang rape and brutalisation of a young medical student. It has taken most people by surprise to see the manner in which thousands of people have come out to protest the lack of safety for women in the public spaces of the capital, and in other cities of India. While this has been similar in many respects to the other instances of the public outpouring of anger which we have seen, particularly in Delhi, during the second term of the United Progressive Alliance government, there is something unique about these protests. For the most part they have not been organised by any political party or civil society organisation. Further, they have remained, even a fortnight after all attempts by political parties to appropriate them, much larger than any political agenda and much wider than any particular political stream. Lastly, what is remarkable is that every time their energy seemed to sag they have revived &ndash; from the dispersed protests of students to the gathering at India Gate and Raisina Hill and then to Jantar Mantar. We now have the massive &ldquo;Take back the night&rdquo; walks by students and others of residential areas to assert a woman&rsquo;s right to the city without fear of violence, for freedom to the woman, for &ldquo;azadi&rdquo; as the chants insist.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The government has displayed an all too familiar inattentiveness to popular feelings and has reacted either with force or indifference. Protests have been dealt with beatings, tear gas and water-cannons, and with a display of crass opinions on gender. It is unbelievable that what claims to be a democratic government shuts down the metro in central Delhi to prevent people from gathering in peaceful protests. At one level the government did provide the best possible medical treatment to the woman, but it also used this to move her out of the country against medical opinion only to protect itself from political pressure. Every move of the central and Delhi governments has been at best reactive and at worst cynical to scuttle the growing public solidarity and stifle people&rsquo;s right to express themselves.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The popular protests, while they have successfully braved the repression of the government, have themselves contributed to building an atmosphere where in some respects repressive and regressive ideas have found fertile ground to grow. The amorphousness of the protests and the social/political base of the protestors has meant that demands for death penalty and castration of rapists have gained shrill popularity, despite all attempts by the feminist and left-wing sections in these protests to push them back. Today there is a real danger that the death penalty as well as castration will be legally added to the punishments for rape. More, there is a proposal to create a database of sexual offenders and make it public &ndash; a form of &ldquo;naming-shaming&rdquo; exercise. There are also proposals to change the burden of proof in &ldquo;grave cases of sexual assault&rdquo; from the accuser to the accused. There are various other suggestions for increasing the powers of the police and for curtailing due process in investigation, trial and judgment to help &ldquo;fast-track&rdquo; the cases of sexual violence. Apart from this a host of measures have been announced by Union Home Minister Sushil Kumar Shinde to increase policing powers and surveillance which may or may not help reduce crimes against women but would surely make the city far more daunting for the migrant, the homeless, the unorganised and the informal. An indication of the dangerous political context this has created can be found in the refusal of lawyers of the Saket courts in New Delhi to represent the gang rape accused. It is just as well that the chief justice of the Supreme Court has pointed out while inaugurating the new fast-track courts to try rape cases that &ldquo;a swift trial should not be at the cost of a fair trial&rdquo;.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The government has announced the formation of a three-member committee headed by retired chief justice of the Supreme Court, J S Verma, to suggest amendments to the law to remove loopholes and ambiguities and make it more stringent. It will be a great advance if the Verma Committee&rsquo;s recommendations help change many of the laws, rules and definitions that stigmatise the victim of sexual assault, create false distinctions of &ldquo;legitimate&rdquo; and &ldquo;illegitimate&rdquo; rape and discourage victims of sexual crimes from approaching the police.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">For much of this to happen actually little change in the existing laws is necessary. What we require are reforms in the police and greater gender sensitisation among the force as well as within the judicial system. The latter has often been extremely patriarchal in its judgments. More importantly, we require a transformation in relations in our society and within our families. We require the anger to focus as much inwards at the way we socialise our children in discriminatory gender roles, at the manner in which we have gone along with the sexualisation of our public spaces, and at the growing amounts of dowry and ostentation at weddings. It is essential that we hold the government and state institutions to account for all their acts of omission and commission, and they are many, on matters of gender justice. But to not extend it further to a critique and reform of society is to leave untouched the cesspool of reactionary ideas and practices from which germinates sexual violence. Even as we reform the police and judiciary, it is crucial to engage with this larger and long-term battle.</div><div style="text-align: justify"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify">The anger of the protestor has started off a welcome conversation on issues that have till now remained in the twilight zone. There has been a perceptible and positive change in the way matters of sexual violence and harassment are now being discussed and debated. However, it would be unfortunate if this energy is harnessed only to legislate draconian laws and strengthen the surveillance and repressive functions of the state.</div>                                                           
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    <br><a href="http://www.epw.in/editorials/protesting-rape.html" class="re" target="_blank">Economic and Political Weekly, Vol-XLVIII, No. 02, January 12, 2013, http://www.epw.in/editorials/protesting-rape.html</a><div class="clear"></div>
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Home हिन्दी

Protesting Rape

Published on Jan 14, 2013   Modified on Jan 14, 2013

-Economic and Political Weekly State and society both have to transform if we are to reduce violence against women. The past fortnight has seen unprecedented protests in Delhi over the gang rape and brutalisation of a young medical student. It has taken most people by surprise to see the manner in which thousands of people have come out to protest the lack of safety for women in the public spaces of the capital, and in other cities of India. While this has been similar in many respects to the other instances of the public outpouring of anger which we have seen, particularly in Delhi, during the second term of the United Progressive Alliance government, there is something unique about these protests. For the most part they have not been organised by any political party or civil society organisation. Further, they have remained, even a fortnight after all attempts by political parties to appropriate them, much larger than any political agenda and much wider than any particular political stream. Lastly, what is remarkable is that every time their energy seemed to sag they have revived – from the dispersed protests of students to the gathering at India Gate and Raisina Hill and then to Jantar Mantar. We now have the massive “Take back the night” walks by students and others of residential areas to assert a woman’s right to the city without fear of violence, for freedom to the woman, for “azadi” as the chants insist. The government has displayed an all too familiar inattentiveness to popular feelings and has reacted either with force or indifference. Protests have been dealt with beatings, tear gas and water-cannons, and with a display of crass opinions on gender. It is unbelievable that what claims to be a democratic government shuts down the metro in central Delhi to prevent people from gathering in peaceful protests. At one level the government did provide the best possible medical treatment to the woman, but it also used this to move her out of the country against medical opinion only to protect itself from political pressure. Every move of the central and Delhi governments has been at best reactive and at worst cynical to scuttle the growing public solidarity and stifle people’s right to express themselves. The popular protests, while they have successfully braved the repression of the government, have themselves contributed to building an atmosphere where in some respects repressive and regressive ideas have found fertile ground to grow. The amorphousness of the protests and the social/political base of the protestors has meant that demands for death penalty and castration of rapists have gained shrill popularity, despite all attempts by the feminist and left-wing sections in these protests to push them back. Today there is a real danger that the death penalty as well as castration will be legally added to the punishments for rape. More, there is a proposal to create a database of sexual offenders and make it public – a form of “naming-shaming” exercise. There are also proposals to change the burden of proof in “grave cases of sexual assault” from the accuser to the accused. There are various other suggestions for increasing the powers of the police and for curtailing due process in investigation, trial and judgment to help “fast-track” the cases of sexual violence. Apart from this a host of measures have been announced by Union Home Minister Sushil Kumar Shinde to increase policing powers and surveillance which may or may not help reduce crimes against women but would surely make the city far more daunting for the migrant, the homeless, the unorganised and the informal. An indication of the dangerous political context this has created can be found in the refusal of lawyers of the Saket courts in New Delhi to represent the gang rape accused. It is just as well that the chief justice of the Supreme Court has pointed out while inaugurating the new fast-track courts to try rape cases that “a swift trial should not be at the cost of a fair trial”. The government has announced the formation of a three-member committee headed by retired chief justice of the Supreme Court, J S Verma, to suggest amendments to the law to remove loopholes and ambiguities and make it more stringent. It will be a great advance if the Verma Committee’s recommendations help change many of the laws, rules and definitions that stigmatise the victim of sexual assault, create false distinctions of “legitimate” and “illegitimate” rape and discourage victims of sexual crimes from approaching the police. For much of this to happen actually little change in the existing laws is necessary. What we require are reforms in the police and greater gender sensitisation among the force as well as within the judicial system. The latter has often been extremely patriarchal in its judgments. More importantly, we require a transformation in relations in our society and within our families. We require the anger to focus as much inwards at the way we socialise our children in discriminatory gender roles, at the manner in which we have gone along with the sexualisation of our public spaces, and at the growing amounts of dowry and ostentation at weddings. It is essential that we hold the government and state institutions to account for all their acts of omission and commission, and they are many, on matters of gender justice. But to not extend it further to a critique and reform of society is to leave untouched the cesspool of reactionary ideas and practices from which germinates sexual violence. Even as we reform the police and judiciary, it is crucial to engage with this larger and long-term battle. The anger of the protestor has started off a welcome conversation on issues that have till now remained in the twilight zone. There has been a perceptible and positive change in the way matters of sexual violence and harassment are now being discussed and debated. However, it would be unfortunate if this energy is harnessed only to legislate draconian laws and strengthen the surveillance and repressive functions of the state.

Economic and Political Weekly, Vol-XLVIII, No. 02, January 12, 2013, http://www.epw.in/editorials/protesting-rape.html

Tagged with: gender violence Rape Law and Justice crime

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