Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
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Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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                            <p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>* India has reduced open defecation and made some progress to improve sanitation services. But its sanitation system is not yet sustainable and not yet safe.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>* In Tapoban Basti in Bhubaneswar, some men avoid using the toilet every day to not have to incur the cost of cleaning out the septic tank.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>* In a basti on the outskirts of Jaipur, a community toilet slowly ran out of water and the pay-per-use facility became filthy, forcing people in the neighbourhood to defecate in a nearby field.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>* Both these cities have been declared open-defecation-free, yet their poorer communities still don&rsquo;t have access to basic sanitation.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">Nearly 673 million people still practice open defecation around the world. Some 3.6 billion people also use sanitation services that don&rsquo;t meet the standard of safely managed sanitation of the WHO and UNICEF&rsquo;s Joint Management Programme indicators.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In India, the government has made special efforts to stop open defecation and has supported the construction of individual household latrines and community toilet complexes across the country. Around 10.9 crore individual latrines have been constructed under the &lsquo;Swachh Bharat Mission&rsquo;. However, newly built toilets have a larger share of single pit latrines, which present safety, sustainability and cost-effectiveness problems.</p><p style="text-align:justify">All villages and almost 99% of towns have been declared open-defecation-free. The third round (2019-2020) of the National Annual Rural Sanitation Survey reported that 94.4% of households in India have access to a toilet and that nearly 90% of them always use the toilets.</p><p style="text-align:justify">However, experts and grassroots organisations have highlighted critical inconsistencies in these figures. The <a href="https://im4change.org/docs/NFHS-5_INDIA_REPORT.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/docs/NFHS-5_INDIA_REPORT.pdf">fifth National Family Health Survey</a> (2019-2021) reported that 19% of households don&rsquo;t use any toilet facility, and that access to toilet facilities is lowest in Bihar (62%), Jharkhand (70%) and Odisha (71%). And overall, the number of people defecating in the open had decreased from 39% in 2015-2016 to 19% in 2019-2021.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Field evidence has exposed a different set of challenges to sustaining the sanitation system in the longer run. These include reaching the poorest and most marginalised groups of society, providing sanitation services to the urban poor living in inadequate housing conditions, and ensuring they are able to use sanitation services in times of economic hardship and limited resources and &ndash; most notably &ndash; periodically emptying tanks and ensuring the safe disposal of septage.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://science.thewire.in/health/open-defecation-urban-poor-sustainable-sanitation/?fbclid=IwAR3S7ch3ddbCJF2E8HCYf6VT5iOXDe5o5XWTnAzabJkUQa8DDxJfo6RZdHs" title="https://science.thewire.in/health/open-defecation-urban-poor-sustainable-sanitation/?fbclid=IwAR3S7ch3ddbCJF2E8HCYf6VT5iOXDe5o5XWTnAzabJkUQa8DDxJfo6RZdHs">click here</a> to read more.</p>                                                           
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Why Eradicating Open Defecation Is Not the Same as Setting up New Toilets -Sujeet Kumar</h1>
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                            <p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>* India has reduced open defecation and made some progress to improve sanitation services. But its sanitation system is not yet sustainable and not yet safe.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>* In Tapoban Basti in Bhubaneswar, some men avoid using the toilet every day to not have to incur the cost of cleaning out the septic tank.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>* In a basti on the outskirts of Jaipur, a community toilet slowly ran out of water and the pay-per-use facility became filthy, forcing people in the neighbourhood to defecate in a nearby field.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>* Both these cities have been declared open-defecation-free, yet their poorer communities still don&rsquo;t have access to basic sanitation.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">Nearly 673 million people still practice open defecation around the world. Some 3.6 billion people also use sanitation services that don&rsquo;t meet the standard of safely managed sanitation of the WHO and UNICEF&rsquo;s Joint Management Programme indicators.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In India, the government has made special efforts to stop open defecation and has supported the construction of individual household latrines and community toilet complexes across the country. Around 10.9 crore individual latrines have been constructed under the &lsquo;Swachh Bharat Mission&rsquo;. However, newly built toilets have a larger share of single pit latrines, which present safety, sustainability and cost-effectiveness problems.</p><p style="text-align:justify">All villages and almost 99% of towns have been declared open-defecation-free. The third round (2019-2020) of the National Annual Rural Sanitation Survey reported that 94.4% of households in India have access to a toilet and that nearly 90% of them always use the toilets.</p><p style="text-align:justify">However, experts and grassroots organisations have highlighted critical inconsistencies in these figures. The <a href="https://im4change.org/docs/NFHS-5_INDIA_REPORT.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/docs/NFHS-5_INDIA_REPORT.pdf">fifth National Family Health Survey</a> (2019-2021) reported that 19% of households don&rsquo;t use any toilet facility, and that access to toilet facilities is lowest in Bihar (62%), Jharkhand (70%) and Odisha (71%). And overall, the number of people defecating in the open had decreased from 39% in 2015-2016 to 19% in 2019-2021.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Field evidence has exposed a different set of challenges to sustaining the sanitation system in the longer run. These include reaching the poorest and most marginalised groups of society, providing sanitation services to the urban poor living in inadequate housing conditions, and ensuring they are able to use sanitation services in times of economic hardship and limited resources and &ndash; most notably &ndash; periodically emptying tanks and ensuring the safe disposal of septage.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://science.thewire.in/health/open-defecation-urban-poor-sustainable-sanitation/?fbclid=IwAR3S7ch3ddbCJF2E8HCYf6VT5iOXDe5o5XWTnAzabJkUQa8DDxJfo6RZdHs" title="https://science.thewire.in/health/open-defecation-urban-poor-sustainable-sanitation/?fbclid=IwAR3S7ch3ddbCJF2E8HCYf6VT5iOXDe5o5XWTnAzabJkUQa8DDxJfo6RZdHs">click here</a> to read more.</p>                                                           
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    <br><a href="https://science.thewire.in/health/open-defecation-urban-poor-sustainable-sanitation/?fbclid=IwAR3S7ch3ddbCJF2E8HCYf6VT5iOXDe5o5XWTnAzabJkUQa8DDxJfo6RZdHs" class="re" target="_blank">TheWire.in, 11 June, 2022, https://science.thewire.in/health/open-defecation-urban-poor-sustainable-sanitation/?fbclid=IwAR3S7ch3ddbCJF2E8HCYf6VT5iOXDe5o5XWTnAzabJkUQa8DDxJfo6RZdHs</a><div class="clear"></div>
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                            <p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>* India has reduced open defecation and made some progress to improve sanitation services. But its sanitation system is not yet sustainable and not yet safe.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>* In Tapoban Basti in Bhubaneswar, some men avoid using the toilet every day to not have to incur the cost of cleaning out the septic tank.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>* In a basti on the outskirts of Jaipur, a community toilet slowly ran out of water and the pay-per-use facility became filthy, forcing people in the neighbourhood to defecate in a nearby field.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>* Both these cities have been declared open-defecation-free, yet their poorer communities still don&rsquo;t have access to basic sanitation.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">Nearly 673 million people still practice open defecation around the world. Some 3.6 billion people also use sanitation services that don&rsquo;t meet the standard of safely managed sanitation of the WHO and UNICEF&rsquo;s Joint Management Programme indicators.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In India, the government has made special efforts to stop open defecation and has supported the construction of individual household latrines and community toilet complexes across the country. Around 10.9 crore individual latrines have been constructed under the &lsquo;Swachh Bharat Mission&rsquo;. However, newly built toilets have a larger share of single pit latrines, which present safety, sustainability and cost-effectiveness problems.</p><p style="text-align:justify">All villages and almost 99% of towns have been declared open-defecation-free. The third round (2019-2020) of the National Annual Rural Sanitation Survey reported that 94.4% of households in India have access to a toilet and that nearly 90% of them always use the toilets.</p><p style="text-align:justify">However, experts and grassroots organisations have highlighted critical inconsistencies in these figures. The <a href="https://im4change.org/docs/NFHS-5_INDIA_REPORT.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/docs/NFHS-5_INDIA_REPORT.pdf">fifth National Family Health Survey</a> (2019-2021) reported that 19% of households don&rsquo;t use any toilet facility, and that access to toilet facilities is lowest in Bihar (62%), Jharkhand (70%) and Odisha (71%). And overall, the number of people defecating in the open had decreased from 39% in 2015-2016 to 19% in 2019-2021.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Field evidence has exposed a different set of challenges to sustaining the sanitation system in the longer run. These include reaching the poorest and most marginalised groups of society, providing sanitation services to the urban poor living in inadequate housing conditions, and ensuring they are able to use sanitation services in times of economic hardship and limited resources and &ndash; most notably &ndash; periodically emptying tanks and ensuring the safe disposal of septage.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://science.thewire.in/health/open-defecation-urban-poor-sustainable-sanitation/?fbclid=IwAR3S7ch3ddbCJF2E8HCYf6VT5iOXDe5o5XWTnAzabJkUQa8DDxJfo6RZdHs" title="https://science.thewire.in/health/open-defecation-urban-poor-sustainable-sanitation/?fbclid=IwAR3S7ch3ddbCJF2E8HCYf6VT5iOXDe5o5XWTnAzabJkUQa8DDxJfo6RZdHs">click here</a> to read more.</p>                                                           
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    <br><a href="https://science.thewire.in/health/open-defecation-urban-poor-sustainable-sanitation/?fbclid=IwAR3S7ch3ddbCJF2E8HCYf6VT5iOXDe5o5XWTnAzabJkUQa8DDxJfo6RZdHs" class="re" target="_blank">TheWire.in, 11 June, 2022, https://science.thewire.in/health/open-defecation-urban-poor-sustainable-sanitation/?fbclid=IwAR3S7ch3ddbCJF2E8HCYf6VT5iOXDe5o5XWTnAzabJkUQa8DDxJfo6RZdHs</a><div class="clear"></div>
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Why Eradicating Open Defecation Is Not the Same as Setting up New Toilets -Sujeet Kumar

Published on Jun 11, 2022   Modified on Jun 13, 2022

-TheWire.in * India has reduced open defecation and made some progress to improve sanitation services. But its sanitation system is not yet sustainable and not yet safe. * In Tapoban Basti in Bhubaneswar, some men avoid using the toilet every day to not have to incur the cost of cleaning out the septic tank. * In a basti on the outskirts of Jaipur, a community toilet slowly ran out of water and the pay-per-use facility became filthy, forcing people in the neighbourhood to defecate in a nearby field. * Both these cities have been declared open-defecation-free, yet their poorer communities still don’t have access to basic sanitation. Nearly 673 million people still practice open defecation around the world. Some 3.6 billion people also use sanitation services that don’t meet the standard of safely managed sanitation of the WHO and UNICEF’s Joint Management Programme indicators. In India, the government has made special efforts to stop open defecation and has supported the construction of individual household latrines and community toilet complexes across the country. Around 10.9 crore individual latrines have been constructed under the ‘Swachh Bharat Mission’. However, newly built toilets have a larger share of single pit latrines, which present safety, sustainability and cost-effectiveness problems. All villages and almost 99% of towns have been declared open-defecation-free. The third round (2019-2020) of the National Annual Rural Sanitation Survey reported that 94.4% of households in India have access to a toilet and that nearly 90% of them always use the toilets. However, experts and grassroots organisations have highlighted critical inconsistencies in these figures. The fifth National Family Health Survey (2019-2021) reported that 19% of households don’t use any toilet facility, and that access to toilet facilities is lowest in Bihar (62%), Jharkhand (70%) and Odisha (71%). And overall, the number of people defecating in the open had decreased from 39% in 2015-2016 to 19% in 2019-2021. Field evidence has exposed a different set of challenges to sustaining the sanitation system in the longer run. These include reaching the poorest and most marginalised groups of society, providing sanitation services to the urban poor living in inadequate housing conditions, and ensuring they are able to use sanitation services in times of economic hardship and limited resources and – most notably – periodically emptying tanks and ensuring the safe disposal of septage. Please click here to read more.

TheWire.in, 11 June, 2022, https://science.thewire.in/health/open-defecation-urban-poor-sustainable-sanitation/?fbclid=IwAR3S7ch3ddbCJF2E8HCYf6VT5iOXDe5o5XWTnAzabJkUQa8DDxJfo6RZdHs

Tagged with: Access to toilet Functional toilets Human behaviour Open defecation

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